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Psychology › Clinical Psychology

Migration, Health and Trauma

Works Count: 79645

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the mental health challenges faced by refugees and immigrants, including the prevalence of serious mental disorders, trauma exposure, post-migration stress, and the impact of resettlement and acculturation. It also addresses the disparities in healthcare access and utilization, as well as interventions and policies aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of these populations.

Keywords

Refugee; Immigrant; Mental Health; Trauma; Integration; Post-Migration Stress; Psychological Adjustment; Health Disparities; Resettlement; Acculturation

Understanding the Hispanic paradox.

2001-01-01
Luisa Franzini , John C. Ribble , Arlene Keddie
This paper reviews the literature on the nature of the Hispanic paradox and the major explanations provided for it. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND … This paper reviews the literature on the nature of the Hispanic paradox and the major explanations provided for it. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected by a systematic review procedure using Medline (1966 through 1999) and Sociological Abstracts (1963 through 1999), as well as focused searches on specific diseases or factors believed to influence Hispanic health.For the past twenty years there has been widespread evidence of an Hispanic paradox in the United States, in which most Hispanic groups are characterized by low socioeconomic status, but better than expected health and mortality outcomes. A closer look reveals variations by age, gender, Hispanic subgroup, acculturation, country of birth, and cause of death. Possible under-reporting of Hispanic deaths, "salmon bias" and healthy migrant effects, and risk profile may contribute to, but do not explain, the paradox. The reasons for this paradox are likely to be multifactorial and social in origin.Empirical studies should be conducted on the protective effects of immigrant status, identification with a subculture, interaction between acculturation and socioeconomic status, and supportive aspects of Hispanic culture.

Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth

2014-07-10
Lawrence G. Calhoun , Richard G. Tedeschi
Contents: Part I: Posttraumatic Growth: Theory and Method. L.G. Calhoun, R.G. Tedeschi, The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework. S. Lepore, T. Revenson, Relationships Between Posttraumatic Growth and Resilience: … Contents: Part I: Posttraumatic Growth: Theory and Method. L.G. Calhoun, R.G. Tedeschi, The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework. S. Lepore, T. Revenson, Relationships Between Posttraumatic Growth and Resilience: Recovery, Resistance, and Reconfiguration. C.L. Park, S. Lechner, Measurement Issues in Assessing Growth Following Stressful Life Experiences. R. Neimeyer, Re-Storying Loss: Fostering Growth in the Posttraumatic Narrative. R. Janoff-Bulman, Schema-Change Perspectives on Posttraumatic Growth. J. Harvey, K. Barnett, S. Rupe, Posttraumatic Growth and Other Outcomes of Major Loss in the Context of Complex Family Lives. Part II: Posttraumatic Growth in Specific Contexts. K. Pargament, K. Desai, K. McConnell, Spirituality: A Pathway to Posttraumatic Growth or Decline? A. Stanton, C. Low, J. Bower, Posttraumatic Growth After Cancer. H. Znoj, Bereavement and Posttraumatic Growth. R. Rosner, Posttraumatic Growth After War. J. Milam, Positive Changes Attributed to the Challenges of HIV/AIDS. D. Paton, Posttraumatic Growth in Disaster and Emergency Work. R. Lev-Wiesel, M. Amir, Growing Out of the Ashes: Posttraumatic Growth Among Holocaust Child-Survivors? R. Kilmer, Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth in Children. Part III: Clinical Applications of Posttraumatic Growth. R.G. Tedeschi, L.G. Calhoun, Expert Companions: Posttraumatic Growth in Clinical Practice. P.C. Fisher, The Link Between Posttraumatic Growth and Forgiveness: An Intuitive Truth. T. Zollner, A. Maercker, Posttraumic Growth and Psychotherapy. D. Meichenbaum, Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth: A Constructive Narrative Perspective.

The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium

2015-10-29
Corina Benjet , Evelyn J. Bromet , Elie G. Karam +7 more
Background Considerable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased … Background Considerable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased understanding of risk factors for exposure to traumatic events could be of considerable value in targeting preventive interventions and anticipating service needs. Method General population surveys in 24 countries with a combined sample of 68 894 adult respondents across six continents assessed exposure to 29 traumatic event types. Differences in prevalence were examined with cross-tabulations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether traumatic event types clustered into interpretable factors. Survival analysis was carried out to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics and prior traumatic events with subsequent exposure. Results Over 70% of respondents reported a traumatic event; 30.5% were exposed to four or more. Five types – witnessing death or serious injury, the unexpected death of a loved one, being mugged, being in a life-threatening automobile accident, and experiencing a life-threatening illness or injury – accounted for over half of all exposures. Exposure varied by country, sociodemographics and history of prior traumatic events. Being married was the most consistent protective factor. Exposure to interpersonal violence had the strongest associations with subsequent traumatic events. Conclusions Given the near ubiquity of exposure, limited resources may best be dedicated to those that are more likely to be further exposed such as victims of interpersonal violence. Identifying mechanisms that account for the associations of prior interpersonal violence with subsequent trauma is critical to develop interventions to prevent revictimization.
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Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States.

1968-01-01
William Haenszel , Minoru Kurihara

Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review

2015-10-28
Marija Bogić , Anthony Njoku , Stefan Priebe
There are several million war-refugees worldwide, majority of whom stay in the recipient countries for years. However, little is known about their long-term mental health. This review aimed to assess … There are several million war-refugees worldwide, majority of whom stay in the recipient countries for years. However, little is known about their long-term mental health. This review aimed to assess prevalence of mental disorders and to identify their correlates among long-settled war-refugees.
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Migration and mental health

2004-03-03
Dinesh Bhugra
Objective: Migration and its accompanying stressors affect migrating individuals and their families. The process of migration is not simple or straightforward. The aim of this review is to distil existing … Objective: Migration and its accompanying stressors affect migrating individuals and their families. The process of migration is not simple or straightforward. The aim of this review is to distil existing information on how migration influences individuals’ mental state and how it determines help seeking as well as pathways to care. Method: The review relies on published studies in both MEDLINE and non‐MEDLINE journals as well as relevant monographs. The search was employed using migration, ethnic communities, stress and other relevant words for purposes of the review. Results: The review provides a background on the typology of migration, its impact on communities as well as individuals. Furthermore, the relationship of mental illness to migration is explored and described. Future research plans are advocated in relationship with these findings. Conclusion: Migration is and can be a very stress‐inducing phenomenon. Yet not all migrants go through the same process. The clinician needs to be aware of coping strategies as well as resilience among migrants.
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Schizophrenia and Migration: A Meta-Analysis and Review

2004-12-30
Elizabeth Cantor‐Graae , Jean‐Paul Selten
OBJECTIVE: The authors synthesize findings of previous studies implicating migration as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and provide a quantitative index of the associated effect size. METHOD: … OBJECTIVE: The authors synthesize findings of previous studies implicating migration as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and provide a quantitative index of the associated effect size. METHOD: MEDLINE was searched for population-based incidence studies concerning migrants in English-language publications appearing between the years 1977 and 2003. Article bibliographies and an Australian database were cross-referenced. Studies were included if incidence reports provided numerators and denominators and if age correction was performed or could be performed by the authors. Relative risks for migrant groups were extracted or calculated for each study. Significant heterogeneity across studies indicated the need for a mixed-effects meta-analytic model. RESULTS: The mean weighted relative risk for developing schizophrenia among first-generation migrants (40 effect sizes) was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.3–3.2). A separate analysis performed for second-generation migrants (seven effect sizes) yielded a relative risk of 4.5 (95% CI=1.5–13.1). An analysis performed for studies concerning both first- and second-generation migrants and studies that did not distinguish between generations (50 effect sizes) yielded a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI=2.5–3.4). Subgroup comparisons yielded significantly greater effect sizes for migrants from developing versus developed countries (relative risk=3.3, 95% CI=2.8–3.9) and for migrants from areas where the majority of the population is black (relative risk=4.8, 95% CI=3.7–6.2) versus white and neither black nor white. CONCLUSIONS: A personal or family history of migration is an important risk factor for schizophrenia. The differential risk pattern across subgroups suggests a role for psychosocial adversity in the etiology of schizophrenia.

Design and Implementation of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2010-07-06
Paul D. Sorlie , M. Larissa Avilés‐Santa , Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller +7 more
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War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks

2009-10-24
Kenneth E. Miller , Andrew Rasmussen

Structural Vulnerability and Health: Latino Migrant Laborers in the United States

2011-04-24
James Quesada , Laurie Kain Hart , Philippe Bourgois
Latino immigrants in the United States constitute a paradigmatic case of a population group subject to structural violence. Their subordinated location in the global economy and their culturally depreciated status … Latino immigrants in the United States constitute a paradigmatic case of a population group subject to structural violence. Their subordinated location in the global economy and their culturally depreciated status in the United States are exacerbated by legal persecution. Medical Anthropology, Volume 30, Numbers 4 and 5, include a series of ethnographic analyses of the processes that render undocumented Latino immigrants structurally vulnerable to ill health. We hope to extend the social science concept of "structural vulnerability" to make it a useful concept for health care. Defined as a positionality that imposes physical/emotional suffering on specific population groups and individuals in patterned ways, structural vulnerability is a product of class-based economic exploitation and cultural, gender/sexual, and racialized discrimination, as well as complementary processes of depreciated subjectivity formation. A good-enough medicalized recognition of the condition of structural vulnerability offers a tool for developing practical therapeutic resources. It also facilitates political alternatives to the punitive neoliberal policies and discourses of individual unworthiness that have become increasingly dominant in the United States since the 1980s.
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The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees.

1992-02-01
Richard F. Mollica , Yael Caspi-Yavin , Paola Bollini +3 more
There are no valid and reliable cross-cultural instruments capable of measuring torture, trauma, and trauma-related symptoms associated with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Generating such standardized instruments … There are no valid and reliable cross-cultural instruments capable of measuring torture, trauma, and trauma-related symptoms associated with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Generating such standardized instruments for patients from non-Western cultures involves particular methodological challenges. This study describes the development and validation of three Indochinese versions of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), a simple and reliable screening instrument that is well received by refugee patients and bicultural staff. It identifies for the first time trauma symptoms related to the Indochinese refugee experience that are associated with PTSD criteria. The HTQ's cultural sensitivity may make it useful for assessing other highly traumatized non-Western populations.

Prevalence of Mental Illness in Immigrant and Non-Immigrant U.S. Latino Groups

2008-02-02
Margarita Alegrı́a , Glorisa Canino , Patrick E. Shrout +6 more
Although widely reported among Latino populations, contradictory evidence exists regarding the generalizability of the immigrant paradox, i.e., that foreign nativity protects against psychiatric disorders. The authors examined whether this paradox … Although widely reported among Latino populations, contradictory evidence exists regarding the generalizability of the immigrant paradox, i.e., that foreign nativity protects against psychiatric disorders. The authors examined whether this paradox applies to all Latino groups by comparing estimates of lifetime psychiatric disorders among immigrant Latino subjects, U.S-born Latino subjects, and non-Latino white subjects.The authors combined and examined data from the National Latino and Asian American Study and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, two of the largest nationally representative samples of psychiatric information.In the aggregate, risk of most psychiatric disorders was lower for Latino subjects than for non-Latino white subjects. Consistent with the immigrant paradox, U.S.-born Latino subjects reported higher rates for most psychiatric disorders than Latino immigrants. However, rates varied when data were stratified by nativity and disorder and adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic differences across groups. The immigrant paradox consistently held for Mexican subjects across mood, anxiety, and substance disorders, while it was only evident among Cuban and other Latino subjects for substance disorders. No differences were found in lifetime prevalence rates between migrant and U.S.-born Puerto Rican subjects.Caution should be exercised in generalizing the immigrant paradox to all Latino groups and for all psychiatric disorders. Aggregating Latino subjects into a single group masks significant variability in lifetime risk of psychiatric disorders, with some subgroups, such as Puerto Rican subjects, suffering from psychiatric disorders at rates comparable to non-Latino white subjects. Our findings thus suggest that immigrants benefit from a protective context in their country of origin, possibly inoculating them against risk for substance disorders, particularly if they emigrated to the United States as adults.
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Resolving social conflicts.

1949-01-01
Horace B. English

Traumatic events and post‐traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence,risk factors and comorbidity

2000-01-01
Axel Perkonigg , Ronald C. Kessler , S. Storz +1 more
Objective: Lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of traumatic events and DSM‐IV post‐traumatic stress disorder as well as risk factors and comorbidity patterns were investigated in a representative community sample ( n … Objective: Lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of traumatic events and DSM‐IV post‐traumatic stress disorder as well as risk factors and comorbidity patterns were investigated in a representative community sample ( n =3021, aged 14–24 years). Method: Traumatic events and PTSD were assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results: Although 26% of male subjects and 17.7% of female subjects reported at least one traumatic event, only a few qualified for a full PTSD diagnosis (1% of males and 2.2% of females). Traumatic events and PTSD were strongly associated with all other mental disorders examined. PTSD occurred as both a primary and a secondary disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD in this young German sample is considerably lower than reported in previous studies. However, the conditional probability for PTSD after experiencing traumas, risk factors and comorbidity patterns are quite similar. Traumatic events and full PTSD may increase the risk for other disorders, and vice versa.

More than culture: Structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health

2012-02-09
Edna A. Viruell‐Fuentes , Patricia Y. Miranda , Sawsan Abdulrahim

DEPRESSED LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION AFTER BEREAVEMENT

1977-04-01
Roger Bartrop , L. Lazarus , E Luckhurst +2 more

Learning to Be Illegal

2011-08-01
Roberto G. Gonzales
This article examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults. For them, the transition to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to 12 students … This article examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults. For them, the transition to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to 12 students and entering into adult roles that require legal status as the basis for participation. This collision among contexts makes for a turbulent transition and has profound implications for identity formation, friendship patterns, aspirations and expectations, and social and economic mobility. Undocumented children move from protected to unprotected, from inclusion to exclusion, from de facto legal to illegal. In the process, they must learn to be illegal, a transformation that involves the almost complete retooling of daily routines, survival skills, aspirations, and social patterns. These findings have important implications for studies of the 1.5- and second-generations and the specific and complex ways in which legal status intervenes in their coming of age. The article draws on 150 interviews with undocumented 1.5-generation young adult Latinos in Southern California.

Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States

2010-03-29
Andrea L. Roberts , Stephen E. Gilman , J. Breslau +2 more
Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, … Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population. Method Data from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analysed. Results The lifetime prevalence of PTSD was highest among Blacks (8.7%), intermediate among Hispanics and Whites (7.0% and 7.4%) and lowest among Asians (4.0%). Differences in risk for trauma varied by type of event. Whites were more likely than the other groups to have any trauma, to learn of a trauma to someone close, and to learn of an unexpected death, but Blacks and Hispanics had higher risk of child maltreatment, chiefly witnessing domestic violence, and Asians, Black men, and Hispanic women had higher risk of war-related events than Whites. Among those exposed to trauma, PTSD risk was slightly higher among Blacks [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.22] and lower among Asians (aOR 0.67) compared with Whites, after adjustment for characteristics of trauma exposure. All minority groups were less likely to seek treatment for PTSD than Whites (aOR range: 0.39–0.61), and fewer than half of minorities with PTSD sought treatment (range: 32.7–42.0%). Conclusions When PTSD affects US race/ethnic minorities, it is usually untreated. Large disparities in treatment indicate a need for investment in accessible and culturally sensitive treatment options.
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Children of Battered Women.

1992-03-01
Gloria J. Palileo , Peter G. Jaffe , David A. Wolfe +1 more
Definition and Scope of the Problem Family Violence and Children's Development Understanding the Impact of Traumatic Events in the Lives of Children Issues in Assessment and Intervention Strategies Implications for … Definition and Scope of the Problem Family Violence and Children's Development Understanding the Impact of Traumatic Events in the Lives of Children Issues in Assessment and Intervention Strategies Implications for Children's Services

Ethnic-Immigrant Differentials in Health Behaviors, Morbidity, and Cause-Specific Mortality in the United States: An Analysis of Two National Data Bases

2002-01-01
Gopal K. Singh , Mohammad Siahpush
This study examines the extent to which various ethnic-immigrant and US-born groups differ in their risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, morbidity, and health behaviors. Using data from the National … This study examines the extent to which various ethnic-immigrant and US-born groups differ in their risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, morbidity, and health behaviors. Using data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979-1989, we estimated, for major US racial and ethnic groups, mortality risks of immigrants relative to those of the US-born. The Cox regression model was used to adjust mortality differentials by age, sex, marital status, rural/urban residence, education, and family income. Logistic regression was fitted to the National Health Interview Survey data to determine whether health status and behaviors vary among ethnic-immigrant groups and by length of US residence. Compared with US-born whites of equivalent socioeconomic and demographic background, foreign-born blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs), US-born APIs, US-born Hispanics, and foreign-born whites had, respectively, 48%, 45%, 43%, 32%, 26%, and 16% lower mortality risks. While American Indians did not differ significantly from US-born whites, US-born blacks had an 8% higher mortality risk. Black and Hispanic immigrants experienced, respectively, 52% and 26% lower mortality risks than their US-born counterparts. Considerable differentials were also found in mortality for cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious disease, and injury, and in morbidity and health behaviors, with API and Hispanic immigrants generally experiencing the lowest risks. Consistent with the acculturation hypothesis, immigrants' risks of smoking, obesity, hypertension, and chronic condition, although substantially lower than those for the US-born, increased with increasing length of US residence. Given the substantial nativity differences in health status and mortality, future waves of immigrants of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds will likely have a sizeable impact on the overall health, disease, and mortality patterns in the United States.

Insights into the ‘healthy immigrant effect’: health status and health service use of immigrants to Canada

2004-03-29
James Ted McDonald , Sidney H. Kennedy

Association of Torture and Other Potentially Traumatic Events With Mental Health Outcomes Among Populations Exposed to Mass Conflict and Displacement

2009-08-04
Zachary Steel , Tien Chey , Derrick Silove +3 more
Uncertainties continue about the roles that methodological factors and key risk factors, particularly torture and other potentially traumatic events (PTEs), play in the variation of reported prevalence rates of posttraumatic … Uncertainties continue about the roles that methodological factors and key risk factors, particularly torture and other potentially traumatic events (PTEs), play in the variation of reported prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression across epidemiologic surveys among postconflict populations worldwide.To undertake a systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence rates of PTSD and depression in the refugee and postconflict mental health field.An initial pool of 5904 articles, identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PILOTS, of surveys involving refugee, conflict-affected populations, or both, published in English-language journals between 1980 and May 2009.Surveys were limited to those of adult populations (n > or = 50) reporting PTSD prevalence, depression prevalence, or both. Excluded surveys comprised patients, war veterans, and civilian populations (nonrefugees/asylum seekers) from high-income countries exposed to terrorist attacks or involved in distal conflicts (> or = 25 years).Methodological factors (response rate, sample size and design, diagnostic method) and substantive factors (sociodemographics, place of survey, torture and other PTEs, Political Terror Scale score, residency status, time since conflict).A total of 161 articles reporting results of 181 surveys comprising 81,866 refugees and other conflict-affected persons from 40 countries were identified. Rates of reported PTSD and depression showed large intersurvey variability (0%-99% and 3%-85.5%, respectively). The unadjusted weighted prevalence rate reported across all surveys for PTSD was 30.6% (95% CI, 26.3%-35.2%) and for depression was 30.8% (95% CI, 26.3%-35.6%). Methodological factors accounted for 12.9% and 27.7% PTSD and depression, respectively. Nonrandom sampling, small sample sizes, and self-report questionnaires were associated with higher rates of mental disorder. Adjusting for methodological factors, reported torture (Delta total R(2) between base methodological model and base model + substantive factor [DeltaR(2)] = 23.6%; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.52-2.65) emerged as the strongest factor associated with PTSD, followed by cumulative exposure to PTEs (DeltaR(2) = 10.8%; OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21-1.91), time since conflict (DeltaR(2) = 10%; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91), and assessed level of political terror (DeltaR(2) = 3.5%; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.50). For depression, significant factors were number of PTEs (DeltaR(2) = 22.0%; OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39-1.93), time since conflict (DeltaR(2) = 21.9%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93), reported torture (DeltaR(2) = 11.4%; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.04), and residency status (DeltaR(2) = 5.0%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57).Methodological factors and substantive population risk factors, such as exposure to torture and other PTEs, after adjusting for methodological factors account for higher rates of reported prevalence of PTSD and depression.

The Danish Civil Registration System

2011-07-01
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
Introduction: The Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) was established in 1968, and all persons alive and living in Denmark were registered for administrative use. Content: CRS includes individual information on … Introduction: The Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) was established in 1968, and all persons alive and living in Denmark were registered for administrative use. Content: CRS includes individual information on the unique personal identification number, name, gender, date of birth, place of birth, citizenship, identity of parents and continuously updated information on vital status, place of residence and spouses. Validity and coverage: Since 1968, CRS has recorded current and historical information on all persons living in Denmark. Among persons born in Denmark in 1960 or later it contains complete information on maternal identity. For women born in Denmark in April 1935 or later it contains complete information on all their children. CRS contains complete information on immigrations and emigrations from 1969 onwards, permanent residence in a Danish municipality from 1971 onwards, and full address in Denmark from 1977 onwards. Conclusion: CRS in connection with other registers and biobanks will continue to provide the basis for significant knowledge relevant to the aetiological understanding and possible prevention of human diseases.

Anthropology and Psychiatry

1987-10-01
Arthur Kleinman
To illustrate the contribution anthropology can make to cross-cultural and international research in psychiatry, four questions have been put to the cross-cultural research literature and discussed from an anthropological point … To illustrate the contribution anthropology can make to cross-cultural and international research in psychiatry, four questions have been put to the cross-cultural research literature and discussed from an anthropological point of view: 'To what extent do psychiatric disorders differ in different societies?' 'Does the tacit model of pathogenicity/pathoplasticity exaggerate the biological aspects of cross-cultural findings and blur their cultural dimensions?' 'What is the place of translation in cross-cultural studies?' and 'Does the standard format for conducting cross-cultural studies in psychiatry create a category fallacy?' Anthropology contributes to each of these concerns an insistence that the problem of cross-cultural validity be given the same attention as the question of reliability, that the concept of culture be operationalised as a research variable, and that cultural analysis be applied to psychiatry's own taxonomies and methods rather than just to indigenous illness beliefs of native populations.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma in Youth in Juvenile Detention

2004-04-01
Karen M. Abram , Linda A. Teplin , Devon R. Charles +3 more
<h3>Objective</h3> To determine prevalence estimates of exposure to trauma and 12-month rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among juvenile detainees by demographic subgroups (sex, race/ethnicity, and age). <h3>Design</h3> Epidemiologic study … <h3>Objective</h3> To determine prevalence estimates of exposure to trauma and 12-month rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among juvenile detainees by demographic subgroups (sex, race/ethnicity, and age). <h3>Design</h3> Epidemiologic study of juvenile detainees. Master's level clinical research interviewers administered the PTSD module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV (DISC-IV), to randomly selected detainees. <h3>Setting</h3> A large, temporary detention center for juveniles in Cook County, Illinois (which includes Chicago and surrounding suburbs). <h3>Participants</h3> Randomly selected, stratified sample of 898 African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic youth (532 males, 366 females, aged 10-18 years) arrested and newly detained. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV. <h3>Results</h3> Most participants (92.5%) had experienced 1 or more traumas (mean, 14.6 incidents; median, 6 incidents). Significantly more males (93.2%) than females (84.0%) reported at least 1 traumatic experience; 11.2% of the sample met criteria for PTSD in the past year. More than half of the participants with PTSD reported witnessing violence as the precipitating trauma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Trauma and PTSD seem to be more prevalent among juvenile detainees than in community samples. We recommend directions for research and discuss implications for mental health policy.
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Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health

2014-12-10
Heide Castañeda , Seth M. Holmes , Daniel Madrigal +3 more
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been applied in this area. Global … Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures, policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related phenomena-social determinants of health and immigration-has resulted in missed opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the populations affected by this global phenomenon.
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Predisplacement and Postdisplacement Factors Associated With Mental Health of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

2005-08-02
Matthew Porter , Nick Haslam
The global refugee crisis requires that researchers, policymakers, and clinicians comprehend the magnitude of the psychological consequences of forced displacement and the factors that moderate them. To date, no empirical … The global refugee crisis requires that researchers, policymakers, and clinicians comprehend the magnitude of the psychological consequences of forced displacement and the factors that moderate them. To date, no empirical synthesis of research on these issues has been undertaken.To meta-analytically establish the extent of compromised mental health among refugees (including internally displaced persons, asylum seekers, and stateless persons) using a worldwide study sample. Potential moderators of mental health outcomes were examined, including enduring contextual variables (eg, postdisplacement accommodation and economic opportunity) and refugee characteristics.Published studies (1959-2002) were obtained using broad searches of computerized databases (PsycINFO and PILOTS), manual searches of reference lists, and interviews with prominent authors.Studies were selected if they investigated a refugee group and at least 1 nonrefugee comparison group and reported 1 or more quantitative group comparison on measures of psychopathology. Fifty-six reports met inclusion criteria (4.4% of identified reports), yielding 59 independent comparisons and including 67,294 participants (22,221 refugees and 45,073 nonrefugees).Data on study and report characteristics, study participant characteristics, and statistical outcomes were extracted using a coding manual and subjected to blind recoding, which indicated high reliability. Methodological quality information was coded to assess potential sources of bias.Effect size estimates for the refugee-nonrefugee comparisons were averaged across psychopathology measures within studies and weighted by sample size. The weighted mean effect size was 0.41 (SD, 0.02; range, -1.36 to 2.91 [SE, 0.01]), indicating that refugees had moderately poorer outcomes. Postdisplacement conditions moderated mental health outcomes. Worse outcomes were observed for refugees living in institutional accommodation, experiencing restricted economic opportunity, displaced internally within their own country, repatriated to a country they had previously fled, or whose initiating conflict was unresolved. Refugees who were older, more educated, and female and who had higher predisplacement socioeconomic status and rural residence also had worse outcomes. Methodological differences between studies affected effect sizes.The sociopolitical context of the refugee experience is associated with refugee mental health. Humanitarian efforts that improve these conditions are likely to have positive impacts.

Educational Needs and Barriers for Refugee Students in the United States: A Review of the Literature

2005-09-01
J. Lynn McBrien
Since 1975, the United States has resettled more than 2 million refugees, with approximately half arriving as children. Refugee children have traumatic experiences that can hinder their learning. The United … Since 1975, the United States has resettled more than 2 million refugees, with approximately half arriving as children. Refugee children have traumatic experiences that can hinder their learning. The United Nations has specified in conventions, and researchers have concurred, that education is essential for refugee children’s psychosocial adjustment. However, government officials, public opinion, and researchers have often differed about what is best for refugees’ healthy acculturation. On the basis of a large-scale longitudinal study of the children of immigrants and refugees, Portes and Zhou (1993) suggested the theory of segmented assimilation, which accounts for diverse entry situations and receptions of immigrant and refugee populations. This review uses their theory to consider the needs and obstacles to education for refugees, and interventions for success.
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Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors

2011-08-23
Mina Fazel , Ruth Reed , Catherine Panter‐Brick +1 more

Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe

2013-03-27
Bernd Rechel , Philipa Mladovsky , David Ingleby +2 more

Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review

2005-04-01
Mina Fazel , Jeremy Wheeler , John Danesh
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Immigrants And Health Care: Sources Of Vulnerability

2007-09-01
Kathryn Pitkin Derose , José J. Escarce , Nicole Lurie
Immigrants have been identified as a vulnerable population, but there is heterogeneity in the degree to which they are vulnerable to inadequate health care. Here we examine the factors that … Immigrants have been identified as a vulnerable population, but there is heterogeneity in the degree to which they are vulnerable to inadequate health care. Here we examine the factors that affect immigrants’ vulnerability, including socioeconomic background; immigration status; limited English proficiency; federal, state, and local policies on access to publicly funded health care; residential location; and stigma and marginalization. We find that, overall, immigrants have lower rates of health insurance, use less health care, and receive lower quality of care than U.S.-born populations; however, there are differences among subgroups. We conclude with policy options for addressing immigrants’ vulnerabilities.

Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care

2010-07-05
Laurence J. Kirmayer , Lavanya Narasiah , Maria L. Muñoz +6 more
<h3>Background:</h3> Recognizing and appropriately treating mental health problems among new immigrants and refugees in primary care poses a challenge because of differences in language and culture and because of specific … <h3>Background:</h3> Recognizing and appropriately treating mental health problems among new immigrants and refugees in primary care poses a challenge because of differences in language and culture and because of specific stressors associated with migration and resettlement. We aimed to identify risk factors and strategies in the approach to mental health assessment and to prevention and treatment of common mental health problems for immigrants in primary care. <h3>Methods:</h3> We searched and compiled literature on prevalence and risk factors for common mental health problems related to migration, the effect of cultural influences on health and illness, and clinical strategies to improve mental health care for immigrants and refugees. Publications were selected on the basis of relevance, use of recent data and quality in consultation with experts in immigrant and refugee mental health. <h3>Results:</h3> The migration trajectory can be divided into three components: premigration, migration and postmigration resettlement. Each phase is associated with specific risks and exposures. The prevalence of specific types of mental health problems is influenced by the nature of the migration experience, in terms of adversity experienced before, during and after resettlement. Specific challenges in migrant mental health include communication difficulties because of language and cultural differences; the effect of cultural shaping of symptoms and illness behaviour on diagnosis, coping and treatment; differences in family structure and process affecting adaptation, acculturation and intergenerational conflict; and aspects of acceptance by the receiving society that affect employment, social status and integration. These issues can be addressed through specific inquiry, the use of trained interpreters and culture brokers, meetings with families, and consultation with community organizations. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Systematic inquiry into patients’ migration trajectory and subsequent follow-up on culturally appropriate indicators of social, vocational and family functioning over time will allow clinicians to recognize problems in adaptation and undertake mental health promotion, disease prevention or treatment interventions in a timely way.
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Lifetime Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 4 Postconflict Settings

2001-08-01
Joop de Jong , Ivan H. Komproe , Mark van Ommeren +5 more
ContextLittle is known about the impact of trauma in postconflict, low-income countries where people have survived multiple traumatic experiences.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence rates of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress … ContextLittle is known about the impact of trauma in postconflict, low-income countries where people have survived multiple traumatic experiences.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence rates of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 4 postconflict, low-income countries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsEpidemiological survey conducted between 1997 and 1999 among survivors of war or mass violence (aged ≥16 years) who were randomly selected from community populations in Algeria (n = 653), Cambodia (n = 610), Ethiopia (n = 1200), and Gaza (n = 585).Main Outcome MeasurePrevalence rates of PTSD, assessed using the PTSD module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 and evaluated in relation to traumatic events, assessed using an adapted version of the Life Events and Social History Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence rate of assessed PTSD was 37.4% in Algeria, 28.4% in Cambodia, 15.8% in Ethiopia, and 17.8% in Gaza. Conflict-related trauma after age 12 years was the only risk factor for PTSD that was present in all 4 samples. Torture was a risk factor in all samples except Cambodia. Psychiatric history and current illness were risk factors in Cambodia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-5.4 and adjusted OR,1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.7, respectively) and Ethiopia (adjusted OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.0-7.4 and adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7, respectively). Poor quality of camp was associated with PTSD in Algeria (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5) and in Gaza (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8). Daily hassles were associated with PTSD in Algeria (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4). Youth domestic stress, death or separation in the family, and alcohol abuse in parents were associated with PTSD in Cambodia (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6; adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; and adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4, respectively).ConclusionsUsing the same assessment methods, a wide range of rates of symptoms of PTSD were found among 4 low-income populations who have experienced war, conflict, or mass violence. We identified specific patterns of risk factors per country. Our findings indicate the importance of contextual differences in the study of traumatic stress and human rights violations.

Review of Child and Adolescent Refugee Mental Health

2004-01-01
Stuart L. Lustig , Maryam Kia‐Keating , Wanda Grant Knight +5 more

Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: Assocations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors

1997-04-01
Derrick Silove , Ingrid Sinnerbrink , Annette Field +2 more
Research into the mental health of refugees has burgeoned in recent times, but there is a dearth of studies focusing specifically on the factors associated with psychiatric distress in asylum-seekers … Research into the mental health of refugees has burgeoned in recent times, but there is a dearth of studies focusing specifically on the factors associated with psychiatric distress in asylum-seekers who have not been accorded residency status.Forty consecutive asylum-seekers attending a community resource centre in Sydney, Australia, were interviewed using structured instruments and questionnaires.Anxiety scores were associated with female gender, poverty, and conflict with immigration officials, while loneliness and boredom were linked with both anxiety and depression. Thirty subjects (79%) had experienced a traumatic event such as witnessing killings, being assaulted, or suffering torture and captivity, and 14 subjects (37%) met full criteria for PTSD. A diagnosis of PTSD was associated with greater exposure to pre-migration trauma, delays in processing refugee applications, difficulties in dealing with immigration officials, obstacles to employment, racial discrimination, and loneliness and boredom.Although based on correlational data derived from'a convenient' sample, our findings raise the possibility that current procedures for dealing with asylum-seekers may contribute to high levels of stress and psychiatric symptoms in those who have been previously traumatised.

The world report on violence against children

2018-08-17
Diese Webseite soll uber die Gewalt gegen Kinder Informieren und ein genaues Bild des Ausmases uber dieses gesellschaftliche Problem aufzeigen. Gewalt und Kriminalitat gegen Kinder sollte in hochstem Mas verabscheut … Diese Webseite soll uber die Gewalt gegen Kinder Informieren und ein genaues Bild des Ausmases uber dieses gesellschaftliche Problem aufzeigen. Gewalt und Kriminalitat gegen Kinder sollte in hochstem Mas verabscheut und ganz klar eine Absage erteilt werden. Daruberhinaus werden Losungsvorschlage, Ursachen und Empfehlungen erortert, die dem Problem entgegenwirken sollen. Die Rechte von Kindern mussen geschutzt werden und bilden einen Schwerpunkt auf dem Weg zur Beseitigung von Gewalt gegen unschuldige Kinder.

Deaths: final data for 2010.

2013-05-08
Sherry L Murphy , Jiaquan Xu , Kenneth D. Kochanek
This report presents final 2010 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, state of residence, … This report presents final 2010 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, state of residence, and cause of death.Information reported on death certificates, which is completed by funeral directors, attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners, is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.In 2010, a total of 2,468,435 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 747.0 deaths per 100,000 standard population, lower than the 2009 rate (749.6) and a record low rate. Life expectancy at birth rose 0.2 year, from 78.5 years in 2009 to a record high of 78.7 in 2010. Age-specific death rates decreased for each age group under 85, although the decrease for ages 1-4 was not significant. The age-specific rate increased for ages 85 and over. The leading causes of death in 2010 remained the same as in 2009 for all but one of the 15 leading causes. Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids replaced Assault (homicide) as the 15th leading cause of death in 2010. The infant mortality rate decreased 3.8% to a historically low value of 6.15 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2010.The decline of the age-adjusted death rate to a record low value for the United States, and the increase in life expectancy to a record high value of 78.7 years, are consistent with long-term trends in mortality.

Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees

1987-04-01
Richard F. Mollica , Grace Wyshak , Daphne de Marneffe +2 more
The United States is accepting the largest number of displaced persons since World War II. Over 70% are Southeast Asians; many have suffered serious war trauma and torture. Cultural differences … The United States is accepting the largest number of displaced persons since World War II. Over 70% are Southeast Asians; many have suffered serious war trauma and torture. Cultural differences in health-seeking behavior and lack of specialized mental health services make the recognition of psychiatric distress in Southeast Asia refugees difficult for American health care providers. The authors describe the development and validation of Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. This brief, simple, and reliable instrument is well received by refugee patients, offers an effective screening method for the psychiatric symptoms of anxiety and depression, and is especially helpful for evaluating trauma victims.

Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma

2004-03-22
Jeffrey C. Alexander

Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys

2017-04-07
Karestan C. Koenen , Andrew Ratanatharathorn , Lauren C. Ng +7 more
Background Traumatic events are common globally; however, comprehensive population-based cross-national data on the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paradigmatic trauma-related mental disorder, are lacking. Methods Data were analyzed … Background Traumatic events are common globally; however, comprehensive population-based cross-national data on the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paradigmatic trauma-related mental disorder, are lacking. Methods Data were analyzed from 26 population surveys in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. A total of 71 083 respondents ages 18+ participated. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed exposure to traumatic events as well as 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime PTSD. Respondents were also assessed for treatment in the 12 months preceding the survey. Age of onset distributions were examined by country income level. Associations of PTSD were examined with country income, world region, and respondent demographics. Results The cross-national lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 3.9% in the total sample and 5.6% among the trauma exposed. Half of respondents with PTSD reported persistent symptoms. Treatment seeking in high-income countries (53.5%) was roughly double that in low-lower middle income (22.8%) and upper-middle income (28.7%) countries. Social disadvantage, including younger age, female sex, being unmarried, being less educated, having lower household income, and being unemployed, was associated with increased risk of lifetime PTSD among the trauma exposed. Conclusions PTSD is prevalent cross-nationally, with half of all global cases being persistent. Only half of those with severe PTSD report receiving any treatment and only a minority receive specialty mental health care. Striking disparities in PTSD treatment exist by country income level. Increasing access to effective treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries, remains critical for reducing the population burden of PTSD.
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Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2017-07-31
Ronald C. Kessler , Sergio Aguilar‐Gaxiola , Jordi Alonso +7 more
: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for … : Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their 'worst.'
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The UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move

2018-12-01
Ibrahim Abubakar , Robert W Aldridge , Delan Devakumar +7 more
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New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019-06-12
Fiona J Charlson , Mark van Ommeren , Abraham D. Flaxman +3 more
Existing WHO estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders in emergency settings are more than a decade old and do not reflect modern methods to gather existing data and derive … Existing WHO estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders in emergency settings are more than a decade old and do not reflect modern methods to gather existing data and derive estimates. We sought to update WHO estimates for the prevalence of mental disorders in conflict-affected settings and calculate the burden per 1000 population.In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated a previous systematic review by searching MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, and Embase for studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Aug 9, 2017, on the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. We also searched the grey literature, such as government reports, conference proceedings, and dissertations, to source additional data, and we searched datasets from existing literature reviews of the global prevalence of depression and anxiety and reference lists from the studies that were identified. We applied the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting and used Bayesian meta-regression techniques that adjust for predictors of mental disorders to calculate new point prevalence estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) in settings that had experienced conflict less than 10 years previously.We estimated that the prevalence of mental disorders (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) was 22·1% (95% UI 18·8-25·7) at any point in time in the conflict-affected populations assessed. The mean comorbidity-adjusted, age-standardised point prevalence was 13·0% (95% UI 10·3-16·2) for mild forms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder and 4·0% (95% UI 2·9-5·5) for moderate forms. The mean comorbidity-adjusted, age-standardised point prevalence for severe disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, severe anxiety, and severe post-traumatic stress disorder) was 5·1% (95% UI 4·0-6·5). As only two studies provided epidemiological data for psychosis in conflict-affected populations, existing Global Burden of Disease Study estimates for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were applied in these estimates for conflict-affected populations.The burden of mental disorders is high in conflict-affected populations. Given the large numbers of people in need and the humanitarian imperative to reduce suffering, there is an urgent need to implement scalable mental health interventions to address this burden.WHO; Queensland Department of Health, Australia; and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19

2020-03-27
Jia Jia Liu , Yanping Bao , Xiaolin Huang +2 more
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COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities

2020-05-11
Monica Webb Hooper , Anna María Nápoles , Eliseo J. Pérez‐Stable
This Viewpoint reviews possible reasons for reported excess mortality and poor outcomes in racial/ethnic minority populations with COVID-19 and proposes research, public health, and clinical interventions to decrease health inequities … This Viewpoint reviews possible reasons for reported excess mortality and poor outcomes in racial/ethnic minority populations with COVID-19 and proposes research, public health, and clinical interventions to decrease health inequities in and beyond the pandemic.

Children of Immigration

2001-12-31
Carola Suárez‐Orozco , Marcelo M. Suàrez‐Orozco

The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire

1992-02-01
Richard F. Mollica , YAEL CASPI-YAVIN , PAOLA BOLLINI +3 more
There are no valid and reliable cross-cultural instruments capable of measuring torture, trauma, and trauma-related symptoms associated with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Generating such standardized instruments … There are no valid and reliable cross-cultural instruments capable of measuring torture, trauma, and trauma-related symptoms associated with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Generating such standardized instruments for patients from non-Western cultures involves particular methodological challenges. This study describes the development and validation of three Indochinese versions of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), a simple and reliable screening instrument that is well received by refugee patients and bicultural staff. It identifies for the first time trauma symptoms related to the Indochinese refugee experience that are associated with PTSD criteria. The HTQ's cultural sensitivity may make it useful for assessing other highly traumatized non-Western populations.

Casualties of CareImmigration and the Politics of Humanitarianism in France

2011-08-29
Miriam Ticktin
Abstract This book explores the unintended consequences of compassion in the world of immigration politics. It focuses on France and its humanitarian immigration practices to argue that a politics based … Abstract This book explores the unintended consequences of compassion in the world of immigration politics. It focuses on France and its humanitarian immigration practices to argue that a politics based on care and protection can lead the state to view issues of immigration and asylum through a medical lens. Examining two "regimes of care"—humanitarianism and the movement to stop violence against women—it asks what it means to permit the sick and sexually violated to cross borders while the impoverished cannot? The book demonstrates how in an inhospitable immigration climate, unusual pathologies can become the means to residency papers, turning conditions such as HIV, cancer, and select experiences of sexual violence into distinct advantages for would-be migrants. It also indicts the inequalities forged by global capitalism that drive people to migrate, and the state practices which criminalize the majority of undocumented migrants at the expense of care for the exceptional few.
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Exploring Facilitators and Disruptors of Polarization During Adolescence Within Contested Settings: A Case Study of Catholic and Protestant Youth in Northern Ireland

2025-06-25
Mariah Kornbluh , Raquel Amador , Sherry Bell +7 more | Journal of Adolescent Research
Today’s adolescents must find ways to engage in a shared reality, especially in settings marked by intergroup conflict, as a prerequisite for reducing conflict and building collective solutions to societal … Today’s adolescents must find ways to engage in a shared reality, especially in settings marked by intergroup conflict, as a prerequisite for reducing conflict and building collective solutions to societal problems. Polarization processes (epistemic) have been notably overlooked within this critical developmental period. This qualitative case study addresses this gap by identifying key socializing actors and settings within established theoretical frameworks (Ecological Systems Theory, Social Identity, and Intergroup Contact) using in-depth interview data from 45 Catholic and Protestant adolescents living in post-conflict Northern Ireland. Inductive analysis was conducted with the interview data. Findings reveal the importance of family, friends, school, and media as intersecting socializing actors for adolescents. Intergroup contact among peers from different ethno-religious backgrounds disrupted adolescents’ engagement in polarizing and divisive rhetoric. Lastly, adolescents perceived educational actors and settings as less influential than their personal connections to peers and family. Directions for future research leveraging intergroup contact to enhance adolescents’ information networks and educational interventions are discussed.

Correction: Beyond meaning: hope and secondary trauma in Israeli therapists after the October 7th massacre

2025-06-25
| Frontiers in Psychology

Impact of war on psychological status and quality of life of Sudanese pregnant women

2025-06-25
S. Osman , M‎. ‎A‎. ‎Bakhit , Rose Azzlinda Osman +2 more | Education for Health
Background: In war, pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable group requiring extra protection. Traumatic experiences can jeopardize the mental and reproductive health of mothers and harm the development of their … Background: In war, pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable group requiring extra protection. Traumatic experiences can jeopardize the mental and reproductive health of mothers and harm the development of their unborn children. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the mental health and quality of life of Sudanese pregnant women who are affected by war, and to identify factors associated with the mental health and quality of life of Sudanese pregnant women who are affected by war. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 400 women attending Al Qadarif Hospital. Participants completed a survey including GAD-7 and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed to identify the associations between the psychological status, quality of life and the war. Results: Overall, 66.5% reported a poor quality of life and (62%) revealed that they were dissatisfied with their health. The participants who reported poor quality of life had the following characteristics: aged between 23 and 30 years, the majority (97.8%) were married and less than half (39.6%) were in their first or second trimester of pregnancy Additionally, the majority (88.8%) had no chronic illnesses there were no significant differences in age groups, marital status trimester, and chronic illnesses with quality of life. Conclusion: Pregnant women's psychological health and quality of life are significantly impacted by the ongoing conflict in Sudan. Significantly more participants, especially those with chronic illnesses, reported having moderate-to-severe anxiety. Factors like age, marital status, and trimester phase did not significantly correlate with quality-of-life outcomes, except in the presence of chronic illness, despite the high incidence of reported low quality of life. To lessen the detrimental psychological impacts of conflict on pregnant women in Sudan, these findings emphasize the critical need for accessible mental health support and focused health education initiatives. Meeting these needs can enhance the well-being of this vulnerable population.

Providing emergency mental health support to Israeli civilians evacuated from their homes following the events of October 7th, 2023

2025-06-25
Amit Yaniv‐Rosenfeld , Ori Ganor , Ariel Gaon +5 more | Israel Journal of Health Policy Research

A Child-Centered Approach to Representing Children in Immigration Legal Systems

2025-06-24
Laila Hlass , Lindsay M Harris | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract This chapter proposes that a child-centered lawyering approach to representing children must incorporate “critical lawyering,” which includes antiracism and trauma-centered lawyering practices to address migrant children’s particular needs and … Abstract This chapter proposes that a child-centered lawyering approach to representing children must incorporate “critical lawyering,” which includes antiracism and trauma-centered lawyering practices to address migrant children’s particular needs and promote their participation, protection, and anti-discrimination. All aspects of lawyering, including interviewing, counseling, developing case theory, drafting narratives, preparing applications, appearing in court, and direct examination, should integrate this approach which considers the needs and identity of the whole child. This chapter argues that this approach works to ensure children truly understand their rights and that they are able to meaningfully participate in their legal cases at every stage.

Perspectives on Refugee Health: Addressing Multifaceted Factors

2025-06-24
Drina Agojci | Undergraduate Journal of Public Health

What about the migrants? An exploration of organisational change in an asylum seeker and refugee voluntary sector organisation

2025-06-24
Elizabeth Cookingham Bailey , Vita Terry | Voluntary Sector Review
Given the increased financial and social threats to the voluntary sector in the United Kingdom since the 2008 recession, a historical approach is vital to understanding organisational longevity and adaptability. … Given the increased financial and social threats to the voluntary sector in the United Kingdom since the 2008 recession, a historical approach is vital to understanding organisational longevity and adaptability. This article uses a medium-sized asylum seeker and refugee organisation as a case study to illustrate how policy shifts regarding migration and the voluntary sector presented key survival challenges and opportunities. The study challenges the notion that expanding activities inevitably causes mission drift, as the organisation’s core social justice ethos provided continuity in its response to external threats. It also emphasises the importance of a strongly embedded organisational culture in the work of staff and leadership, enabling adaptability to the evolving needs of marginalised groups and the broader external environment.

Pathways Linking Microaggression to Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Palestinians in Israel: The Role of Threat, Psychological Distress, and Gender

2025-06-24
Heba Faiek Zedan | Journal of Family Violence

Post-Migration Stressors and Mental and Physical Health among Refugees and Migrants in Need of Protection: A Mixed-Methods Analysis with Weekly Panel Data

2025-06-24
Matthew Blanton | Society and Mental Health
Refugees and migrants in need of protection (MNP) experience high levels of psychological distress and somatic symptoms—physical symptoms linked to stress. While a large body of literature explores the relationship … Refugees and migrants in need of protection (MNP) experience high levels of psychological distress and somatic symptoms—physical symptoms linked to stress. While a large body of literature explores the relationship between pre-migration trauma and health, less is known about the role of post-migration stressors. Drawing on a novel 13-week intensive panel survey (N=247 individuals; 3,093 observations) and in-depth interviews (N=65) with MNP in Costa Rica, I examine the relationship among stressors, psychological distress, and physical symptoms in the receiving context. Quantitative analysis highlights that post-migration stressors, including economic precarity and discrimination, are strongly associated with heightened psychological distress, which in turn increases the likelihood of somatic symptoms. Interview data corroborate these results and further uncover how MNP perceive and articulate the process of somatization. This study advances understanding of the dynamic pathways linking stressors, psychological distress, and physical health, offering both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for service providers and policymakers.

Is drug-use stigma a breach of human rights law?: Insights from Australia

2025-06-24
Sean Mulcahy , Kate Seear , Carla Treloar | International Journal of Drug Policy
Whilst international drug policy increasingly recognises the need to address drug-use stigma, there is limited consideration of how drug-use stigma can be addressed through legal frameworks. This commentary considers the … Whilst international drug policy increasingly recognises the need to address drug-use stigma, there is limited consideration of how drug-use stigma can be addressed through legal frameworks. This commentary considers the relationship between drug-use stigma and human rights law that prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. In doing so, this commentary examines a landmark Australian coronial case that raised the possibility that stigma may constitute a form of cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and therefore is unlawful due to its incompatibility with human rights law. This framing carries potential implications for the legality of stigma in Australia and other jurisdictions that prohibit torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Human rights frameworks could underpin legal claims against stigmatising treatment of people who use drugs. Establishing a sound legal basis for the claim that drug-use stigma is unlawful could also compel legal authorities, including courts and legislatures, to adopt legal decisions and statutes that do not stigmatise people who use drugs and thusly move away from the criminalisation and carceralisation of drug use. Further evolution and testing of these arguments are needed to harness the possibilities of Australian and international law to address drug-use stigma.

Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis

2025-06-24
Patricia Dashorst , Trudy Mooren , Wencke Donath +4 more | European journal of psychotraumatology
Background: A proportion of Dutch World War Two (WWII) survivor offspring reports intrusions about a war they have not experienced themselves. Knowledge about the content of these intrusions may provide … Background: A proportion of Dutch World War Two (WWII) survivor offspring reports intrusions about a war they have not experienced themselves. Knowledge about the content of these intrusions may provide an in-depth understanding of the themes impacting the mental health of offspring and the intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic WWII events. Therefore, this study used a qualitative approach to examine the core themes of indirect intrusions reported by survivor offspring.Methods: Participants (N = 41) were post-war-born offspring of WWII survivors. They were in treatment in one of two national clinics specialized in the treatment of war victims. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the written descriptions of indirect intrusions reported in the offspring sample and related to WWII survivor experiences.Results: The analysis indicated the following themes: Cruelty (with several subthemes), Perspective (first or third person), Sensory perceptions, and Emotions.Conclusions: Offspring mostly described intrusions about WWII as visual cruel images from a first-person perspective, provoking distress and other strong emotions. Indirect intrusions may signify intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic events. Therefore, special attention is needed to the presence and content of indirect intrusions among offspring of survivors of wars or other traumatic events.

Temporal associations between cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms among Syrian young adults with refugee backgrounds: a four-wave longitudinal study

2025-06-24
Haza F. Rahim , Trudy Mooren , Jeroen W. Knipscheer +3 more | European journal of psychotraumatology
Objectives: The current study examined temporal associations between cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic stress [PTS] and anxiety/depression) in Syrian young adults, who recently migrated to the Netherlands. It … Objectives: The current study examined temporal associations between cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic stress [PTS] and anxiety/depression) in Syrian young adults, who recently migrated to the Netherlands. It was hypothesized that cultural identity conflict predicts intraindividual changes in PTS and anxiety/depression symptoms, in a course of one year, adjusting for trait-like stable invariant levels of both constructs.Methods: Data were obtained from Karakter, a four-wave longitudinal study, with a sample of 158 Syrian young adults with refugee backgrounds (n = 96 at wave 4); 69% men and age range 18-35. Levels of cultural identity conflict, PTS, and anxiety/depression were assessed four times, over 13 months.Results: Random intercept cross-lagged panel model analyses showed relative stability in levels of cultural identity conflict, PTS, and anxiety/depression from one wave to the next. No significant concurrent associations were found between deviations from people's usual levels of cultural identity conflict and PTS symptoms. Additionally, the results revealed two significant negative cross-lagged associations between cultural identity conflict and PTS. No cross-lagged associations were found between cultural identity conflict and anxiety/depression, except one negative directional effect from anxiety/depression at wave 2 to cultural identity conflict at wave 3.Conclusions: Findings indicate that after accounting for between-person differences, cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms refer to stable, within-person processes over time. We speculate that early intervention focused on PTS, anxiety/depression as well as experienced cultural identity conflict may prevent these problems from becoming chronic, among Syrians with refugee backgrounds in the post-migration context.

AFETLERİN KADIN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ YANSIMALARI

2025-06-23
Feyzanur Gülçelik , Nurcan Kırca | Advances in Women’s Studies
Afetler, toplumları derinden etkileyerek özellikle kadınlar için ciddi sağlık ve güvenlik sorunlarına yol açabilen olaylardır. Afet dönemlerinde kadınlar; fiziksel, psikolojik, üreme ve cinsel sağlık açısından önemli risklere maruz kalmaktadır. Afet … Afetler, toplumları derinden etkileyerek özellikle kadınlar için ciddi sağlık ve güvenlik sorunlarına yol açabilen olaylardır. Afet dönemlerinde kadınlar; fiziksel, psikolojik, üreme ve cinsel sağlık açısından önemli risklere maruz kalmaktadır. Afet dönemlerinde kadınlar, artan kırılganlıkları nedeniyle cinsiyete dayalı şiddet, cinsel saldırı ve insan ticareti gibi tehditlerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Afet sonrası toplumsal yapının çökmesi ve kaynakların sınırlı olması, kadınların sağlık hizmetlerine erişimini zorlaştırarak, bu süreçte sağlık ihtiyaçlarını karşılamalarını büyük ölçüde güçleştirir. Kadınların sağlık hizmetlerine, eğitim ve bilgiye erişimi kısıtlanırken, özellikle üreme sağlığı, gebelik, doğum ve menstrual sağlık gibi sorunlar daha da artar. Doğum kontrol hizmetlerine erişim eksikliği ve hijyenik koşulların bozulması, kadınların üreme sağlığını tehlikeye atmaktadır. Kadınlar, afetlerdeki bakım sorumlulukları ve ev içindeki roller nedeniyle sağlık açısından olumsuz etkilenir. Kadınların, afetlere karşı daha savunmasız olmaları, toplumsal ve kültürel normlardan kaynaklanan sınırlamalar ve karar alma süreçlerine katılım eksiklikleriyle birleşerek afet yönetiminde kadınların ihtiyaçlarının göz ardı edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, afet yönetimi süreçlerinde kadınların sağlığına yönelik daha fazla dikkat gösterilmeli, ihtiyaçları doğru şekilde belirlenmeli ve sağlık hizmetleri, eğitim, güvenlik ve destek sistemleri güçlendirilmelidir. Afet döneminde kadın sağlığını iyileştirmek için bu döneme uygun toplumsal cinsiyet duyarlı sağlık politikaları geliştirilmelidir. Afetlere yönelik özel sağlık hizmetleri sunulmalı, özellikle cinsel ve üreme sağlığına öncelik verilmelidir. Afet öncesi eğitim ve farkındalık artırılmalı, iyileşme sürecinde kadınların katılımı desteklenmelidir. Ayrıca, kadınlar için psikolojik destek ve rehabilitasyon süreçleri güçlendirilmeli, cinsiyet eşitliğini teşvik eden politikalar uygulanmalıdır.

Kartlegging av psykiske symptomer hos nyankomne flyktninger

2025-06-23
Trygve Sølberg Ellingsen , Frida Faaland , Espen Bjertness +2 more | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
Refugees have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the general population. The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends screening for traumatic experiences and assessing mental health symptoms three months atter … Refugees have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the general population. The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends screening for traumatic experiences and assessing mental health symptoms three months atter arrival when deemed relevant. However, it is uncertain whether this recommendation helps identify individuals at increased risk of a mental disorder. The aim of the study was to investigate whether assessing mental health symptoms and the risk of mental disorders in newly arrived refugees can help identify individuals who subsequently experience mental health problems. We conducted a retrospective study based on the medical records of refugees who underwent a health assessment at Hommelvik Medical Centre in the period 2016-2019 and the Centre for Migration Health (SEMI) in Bergen in 2022. The risk of mental disorders was categorised as high, moderate or low. Symptoms of mental disorders were recorded during the follow-up period, which was two years and one year, respectively. A total of 123 refugees were included in the study. Based on the health assessments, 50 participants (41 %) were retrospectively assessed as having a low risk of a mental disorder, 30 (24 %) a moderate risk and 12 (10 %) a high risk. There was insufficient medical documentation to perform a risk assessment for 31 participants (25 %). During the follow-up period, mental health symptoms were observed in 9 of the 12 high-risk participants, compared to 5 of the 50 low-risk participants. Conducting health and risk assessments three months atter arrival in Norway can help identify refugees who subsequently experience symptoms of a mental disorder.

En trygg havn

2025-06-23
Alexander Nissen | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

Stabilization Interventions in the Treatment of Traumatized Refugees – A Scoping Review

2025-06-23
Irja Rzepka , Nadja Gebhardt , Jonathan A. Nowak +3 more | Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health

Conceptualizing the Research Subject with SORKC: Exploring the Mental Health and Well-Being of Forced Migrants from Ukraine

2025-06-23
Larysa Spitsyna | Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology
The war in Ukraine has led to a humanitarian crisis and widespread suffering, with forced migration—both within and beyond the country's borders—being one of the most significant consequences. Numerous studies … The war in Ukraine has led to a humanitarian crisis and widespread suffering, with forced migration—both within and beyond the country's borders—being one of the most significant consequences. Numerous studies highlight the negative effects of war, particularly the prevalence of mental health disorders such as anxiety, acute stress reactions, depression, cognitive impairments, personality disorders, and PTSD. A key innovation of our study is the proposed application of the SORKC model in developing a strategy for data collection. This approach allows the collected data to be structured in a way that facilitates psychotherapeutic or counseling interventions within the cognitive-behavioral framework. Apart from direct conflict-related trauma, forced migrants endure severe stress caused by displacement and uncertain, prolonged journeys seeking safety. Upon arrival in a new country, they often face acculturation stress, also known as post-migration stress. At this stage of the study, we conducted a scientific-theoretical analysis to examine the most widely used operationalizable approaches in contemporary research on forced migrants' mental health. Our goal was to identify an optimal conceptual framework—based on the SORKC model—for understanding the components of well-being and mental health challenges among forced migrants. Based on these insights, we developed an online questionnaire that integrates standardized self-report measures with several sets of open-ended questions, discussed below. The situation of Ukrainian refugees living in Switzerland and other European countries can be stabilized through initial support services. Understanding the challenges they face and identifying those at risk of mental health problems is crucial. The use of the SORKC model as a foundation for assessing an individual’s mental state integrates all essential components: personality variables, situational factors, internal representations of experiences, behavioral reactions, and consequences. This comprehensive approach can significantly enhance the quality of psychotherapeutic services, improve access to mental health care, and provide appropriate support for forced migrants.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Young Adults to Online Psychotherapy in Conflict-affected Areas in Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Survey

2025-06-23
Chiamaka Goodness Ujam , Pius Chinwuba Ike , Agness Sheilla Aneno +3 more | Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
Young adults are especially susceptible to psychosocial challenges in post-conflict war regions, yet have very limited access to mental health care services. Considering the rapid shift towards enhanced digital health … Young adults are especially susceptible to psychosocial challenges in post-conflict war regions, yet have very limited access to mental health care services. Considering the rapid shift towards enhanced digital health services worldwide, exploring the acceptability of online psychotherapy during conflict is important for developing inclusive aids. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) regarding online psychotherapy of young adults aged 18-35 years living in conflict-affected areas of northeastern Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 420 young adults (18-35 years) recruited via multistage cluster sampling from IDP camps and host communities in Borno and Yobe states. Data were collected through a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire based on KAP surveys. Other tools included the Internet Use Survey Scale and selected items from WHOQOL- BREF for contextual digital readiness and psychosocial wellbeing assessment. SPSS v25 was used for data analysis through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to ascertain the determinants of favorable attitudes towards online psychotherapy. Although 58% of the participants knew about online psychotherapy, only 22% had utilized it in the past. Nonetheless, 63% of participants had a positive attitude towards online psychotherapy, which they associated with convenience, privacy, and accessibility. Barriers consisted of restricted internet access (47%) and worries regarding data privacy (48%). Greater educational achievement and the experience of conflict-related trauma significantly predicted positive attitudes (p &lt; 0.01). Age and gender were not significant predictors. Although psychotherapy over the internet is welcomed by younger people in conflict regions of Nigeria, especially those who are more educated or have been exposed to trauma, the use of a single-source, self-reported dataset may introduce response bias and compromise the external validity of the findings. Customizable, culture-informed digital mental health resources can help improve accessibility to care in humanitarian settings. Culturally sensitive solutions for mental health, taught digitally, have the potential to improve care accessibility in humanitarian aid regions.

RECOVERY ASSISTANT – A NEW HELPING PROFESSION IN THE FIELD OF MENTAL HEALTH

2025-06-22
Mateusz Glinowiecki | Polityka Społeczna
<ns3:p>The article analyses the profession of a humanitarian worker as a representative of the broader category of helping professions. Given the growing global demand for humanitarian aid, the wars in … <ns3:p>The article analyses the profession of a humanitarian worker as a representative of the broader category of helping professions. Given the growing global demand for humanitarian aid, the wars in Ukraine and Palestine, as well as the inflow of migrants and refugees from Africa and Asia to Europe through various corridors, the issue of providing humanitarian aid is becoming more and more important. Despite this, the profession is not on the official list of professions in Poland, and the degree of its recognition and professionalization in the sociological sense remains low. Although there are already specialised post-graduate courses in humanitarian and development aid in Poland, it seems that general knowledge about the specificity of this profession, the methods it uses as well as the dilemmas associated with it is still poor. The article also discusses the relationship of humanitarian aid to social work and the humanitarian worker to other aid professions. It also tries to answer the question whether humanitarian aid is community work and discusses various critical threads that appear in the literature in relation to humanitarian aid.</ns3:p>

The Premise of Intersectionality for Family Therapy Interventions With Asylum Seekers in the United States

2025-06-22
Christian D. Chan , Chanel Shahnami Rodriguez , Connie T. Jones | Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
ABSTRACT Changes in migration policy and governmental systems have increased anti‐immigration rhetoric and attitudes toward asylum seekers within the United States. Consequently, asylum‐seeking families contend with changes in culture, relationships, … ABSTRACT Changes in migration policy and governmental systems have increased anti‐immigration rhetoric and attitudes toward asylum seekers within the United States. Consequently, asylum‐seeking families contend with changes in culture, relationships, and roles, which exacerbate experiences of trauma, isolation, and mental health symptoms. While the United States still harbors an atmosphere of racist nativism, postmigration stressors uncover other forms of structural oppression, such as heterosexism and genderism. Intersectionality serves as an indispensable theoretical framework to examine intersecting forces of oppression and how they accentuate asylum‐seeking family experiences in therapy. To address sociopolitical experiences and oppression impacting the well‐being and relationships of asylum‐seeking families, the article (a) outlines key definitions and research trends on family relationships and interventions with asylum‐seeking families; (b) elaborates intersectionality's core tenets; and (c) synthesizes applications from intersectionality to enhance asylum‐seeking family interventions and research.

Navigating Islamophobia: Examining the Role of Religion and Community in the Everyday Lives of Muslim Adolescents in England

2025-06-22
Muhammed Sacid Taştepe | Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi
This study explores the coping strategies employed by Muslim adolescents in reaction to the challenges they face in schools across England. Rather than making broad generalizations about Muslim students in … This study explores the coping strategies employed by Muslim adolescents in reaction to the challenges they face in schools across England. Rather than making broad generalizations about Muslim students in the UK, the study focuses on understanding how these young people navigate stressful experiences—particularly discrimination and Islamophobia—through their own lived experiences. Muslim minority communities in the UK frequently encounter difficulties related to their distinct identities on daily basis. In this context, religion, spirituality, and a sense of community often play a vital role in helping minority communities, including Muslims, cope with everyday challenges. Drawing on a qualitative research methodology, the study involved semi-structured interviews with 14 British Muslim students aged 15 to 16. The findings reveal three key coping mechanisms: religious consciousness, community belonging, and avoidance. Religious consciousness—expressed through prayer and spiritual engagement—supports psychological resilience. Community belonging provides a sense of solidarity and peer support, while avoidance functions as a practical strategy for managing ongoing experiences of discrimination. This research offers deeper insight into the lived experiences of Muslim youth and has important implications for educational policy and practice.

Determinants of Health Education Utilization Among Afghan Immigrants in Southeast Iran: An Application of Anderson’s Model

2025-06-21
Izadirad Hossein , Hossein Moein , Elahe Omara +3 more | Research Square (Research Square)
<title>Abstract</title> Background and purpose: mmigration poses significant public health challenges for Iran, as foreign immigrants face restricted access to preventive healthcare, increasing their vulnerability to infectious diseases and chronic conditions. … <title>Abstract</title> Background and purpose: mmigration poses significant public health challenges for Iran, as foreign immigrants face restricted access to preventive healthcare, increasing their vulnerability to infectious diseases and chronic conditions. This research seeks to reveal and discover the determining factors related to the utilization of educational services as a key aspect of the services in primary health care for immigrants in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Methods: A sample of 1000 Afghan immigrants aged 18 and over was selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Efforts were made to minimize selection bias by ensuring diverse representation across socioeconomic and employment groups. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. Anderson's behavioral model of health service utilization was used to show the effects of predisposing and enabling variables, health behaviors, and needs on the utilization of health education services. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to predict potential main determining factors in the utilization of immigrant health education services and control variables potential confounders. Findings: This study showed that 60% of the immigrants received health education services in the last year. The health education provided was understandable and comprehensible to only 24.33% of the immigrants. There were differences in the amount of utilization and needs of health education among immigrants of different ages and genders. Given the preference for online health education among 57.5% of respondents, strategies should include multilingual digital resources and voice-assisted platforms for lower-literacy populations. Additionally, 88.92% of immigrants preferred obtaining health information from their fellow countrymen, emphasizing the importance of peer-led health education initiatives. The chi-square test showed that age, gender, marital status, religion, having at least one child, employment status, average daily working hours, exercising, health knowledge, smoking and self-assessment of general health status are the determining factors influencing immigrants to receive education. Health. The most types of health education that male and female immigrants wanted to receive The order were: prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (32%), and children's health care (49.04%). Multivariable logistic regression shows that the male group from the predisposing variable and the acquisition of health knowledge from the health behavior variables contribute significantly to the variance of the four types of utilization of health education. Compared to female immigrants, male immigrants have fewer utilization four types of health education (communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, prenatal care, and child care). Conclusion The findings of this survey contribute to our understanding of the utilization of health education, determining factors, and needs for health education among foreign immigrants in Iran. There were specific gaps between the needs and utilization of different types of health education. It is necessary to pay attention to the utilization of health education services for unmarried immigrants and chronic patients. Also, it seems useful to create and strengthen a network of volunteers and health ambassadors among foreign immigrants to utilization more and more deeply from health education services. Findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize removing structural barriers by expanding culturally sensitive health education programs and integrating AI-driven health information tools to enhance accessibility for immigrants.

The culture of (border) control in Britain: Staff, precarity and distress

2025-06-21
Mary Bosworth , Laura Haas | Criminology & Criminal Justice
In this paper, we describe key findings from a survey of ‘staff culture’ that we designed and then administered to 170 private-sector custodial officers employed on the immigration detainee escorting … In this paper, we describe key findings from a survey of ‘staff culture’ that we designed and then administered to 170 private-sector custodial officers employed on the immigration detainee escorting contract in the United Kingdom in 2023. The ‘Detainee Escorting Staff Survey’ (DESS) offers the first independent measure of staff attitudes to and experiences of enforcing this form of border control. The final part of a multi-year, mixed-method study, it recorded a range of views about the purpose and nature of the job and of immigration control more broadly. It also found striking levels of distress, including a high rate of suicidality, particularly among ethnic minority participants, as well as among those who had been employed in this job for a long time. The survey responses reveal a system that exploits and creates conditions of precarity and exclusion for staff as well as for those in their custody. Viewed in this light, it makes clear how the culture of border control is rooted in and shapes much wider and detrimental social and economic relations.

Influence of Cultural Sensitivity on Self-Esteem of Palestinian Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

2025-06-20
Ahmad Ayed , Moath Abu Ejheisheh , Ibrahim Aqtam +3 more | Journal of Transcultural Nursing
Introduction: The relationship between cultural sensitivity and self-esteem among nurses in neonatal intensive care units is critical to job satisfaction and patient care quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted … Introduction: The relationship between cultural sensitivity and self-esteem among nurses in neonatal intensive care units is critical to job satisfaction and patient care quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2024 on 223 nurses in neonatal intensive care units. Data were collected using Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The study found that nurses had a moderate level of cultural sensitivity ( M = 78.3, SD = 9.4) and self-esteem ( M = 24.8, SD = 1.0). A weak positive correlation was observed between cultural sensitivity and self-esteem ( r = .26, p &lt; .01). In addition, cultural sensitivity was found as a predictor of self-esteem ( p &lt; .05). Discussion: Findings highlight the positive relationship between cultural sensitivity and self-esteem among NICU nurses, suggesting that enhancing cultural sensitivity could improve self-esteem and job satisfaction.

Mental Health in Migrants

2025-06-20
Usharani Bhimavarapu | Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
Mental health in migrants is often influenced by challenges related to healthcare access, including difficulties in understanding medical information and uncertainty in seeking appropriate assistance. This study analyzes survey responses … Mental health in migrants is often influenced by challenges related to healthcare access, including difficulties in understanding medical information and uncertainty in seeking appropriate assistance. This study analyzes survey responses from 82 adults (50 women and 32 men) to examine healthcare access barriers and their impact on mental health, vaccination status, and dental hygiene. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to extract significant features from the dataset, highlighting patterns such as healthcare literacy gaps and demographic influences. These features were used to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predictive modeling. The ANN demonstrated high accuracy, with F1 scores exceeding 85%, effectively predicting mental health conditions, vaccination rates, and dental hygiene practices. The results underscore the importance of addressing healthcare access barriers to improve overall well-being among migrants

Children and the Lapland War: Experiences of forced displacement

2025-06-20
Outi Autti | Helsinki University Press eBooks
This article analyzes a previously understudied refugee case that connects two Nordic countries by exploring the experiences of children and young people evacuated from Finnish Lapland to Finnish Ostrobothnia and … This article analyzes a previously understudied refugee case that connects two Nordic countries by exploring the experiences of children and young people evacuated from Finnish Lapland to Finnish Ostrobothnia and Sweden during the Lapland War (1944–1945). The study focuses on children’s experiences of leaving home, the evacuation journey, and either remaining in Ostrobothnia or crossing the border into Sweden. The article is based on qualitative interview material and three written narratives. By exploring the experiences of children, the study aims to reveal new interpretations of the past. Children’s key experiences of the evacuation period were related to refugee status, a sense of adventure and threats to home and family. Feelings of fear and insecurity were ever-present. The war and flight meant violence, losses, and uncertainty, but the events were not unilaterally negative for the children involved. The Lapland War and the resulting evacuation were also portrayed as a great adventure.

Mobile Life Skills Education Adoption Among Internally Displaced Persons in Northern Nigeria and Health Systems Implications for Equitable Mental Health Support: A cross-sectional study

2025-06-20
Andem Effiong Etim Duke , Ejemai Eboreime , Attila J Hertlendy +7 more | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Introduction: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) face significant mental health challenges amidst severely disrupted health systems. Digital interventions offer promising pathways to deliver psychosocial support, yet critical gaps remain in understanding … Introduction: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) face significant mental health challenges amidst severely disrupted health systems. Digital interventions offer promising pathways to deliver psychosocial support, yet critical gaps remain in understanding what determines their acceptability and adoption among vulnerable populations in conflict settings. Objective: This study investigates the sociodemographic, psychosocial, technological, and cultural determinants of interest in mobile-based life skills education (mLSE) among IDPs in Nigeria, integrating four theoretical frameworks to generate actionable insights for equitable digital mental health service delivery in fragile settings. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 220 IDPs in the Durumi and Wassa camps of Abuja, Nigeria. Variable selection employed elastic net regression, identifying 22 key predictors. Modified robust Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios for mLSE interest, with interaction effects modeled to capture demographic intersectionalities. Results: Among participants, 48.6% expressed interest in mLSE, with significant disparities across age, education, and camp location. Young adults aged 20-24 with prior counseling experience showed substantially higher interest (APR=3.49, 95% CI 1.72-7.10), while males with counseling history demonstrated markedly lower engagement (APR=0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.57). Secondary education strongly predicted interest (APR=2.27, 95% CI 1.59-3.26), as did residence in the Wassa camp (APR=1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.23). Notably, males aged 30-34 exhibited minimal interest (APR=0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.75), revealing critical gender-age intersections. Conclusions: These findings reveal actionable patterns for strengthening digital mental health service delivery in displacement settings. Health systems in fragile contexts must develop digitally delivered interventions that are culturally responsive, gender-sensitive, and age-appropriate, while addressing educational and technological barriers. Leveraging prior service engagement appears critical for sustainable implementation. This study provides a roadmap for policymakers and implementers to design equitable digital mental health interventions that address the disparate needs of displaced populations. Keywords: mobile-based life skills education; digital health interventions; internally displaced persons; health systems strengthening; digital equity; fragile settings

Child public health interventions for conflict-affected populations: A systematic review

2025-06-20
Ayesha Kadir , Sneha Krishnan , Catherine R. McGowan +1 more
Abstract Background Armed conflict causes pervasive harm to children, and humanitarian responses to support them face significant challenges. This review aims to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions … Abstract Background Armed conflict causes pervasive harm to children, and humanitarian responses to support them face significant challenges. This review aims to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to treat, protect, and promote child public health in conflict-affected populations. Methods A systematic review was performed, with searches of major databases and the grey literature from 1 January 2012 – 20 February 2025. Included studies provided data on child or caregiver outcomes associated with interventions to support children affected by armed conflict. Studies on nutrition and perinatal interventions were excluded. Data were extracted on the setting, population, intervention design, study type, and findings. Results The searches yielded 3,601 records. 51 intervention studies met inclusion criteria, 39% of which were trials. Studies were mainly from Africa (51%), the Middle East (25%) and Asia (18%). The majority of studies focused on mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) (N=29, 57%). MHPSS, child protection, and/or parenting interventions were the focus of trials as well as intersectoral interventions. Somatic child health interventions (N=19, 37%) focused on immunisation, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, toxic stress, and telemedicine services. Five studies measured development outcomes and one intervention targeted children with disabilities. Over half of the studies were carried out amongst displaced populations. Intervention design varied widely within and between sectors. Studies showed promising results, particularly for non-specialist MHPSS interventions. Only 20% of studies assessed intervention safety. Conclusion The evidence for child public health interventions to support conflict-affected populations is increasing, with increased numbers of studies over time, and improved study design, execution, and reporting. However, the evidence remains poor, limited to a few topic areas and with continued geographical disparities. There is a lack of studies from Central and South America, the Caribbean, North Africa, West Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. There are notable gaps in evidence on the safety of interventions, their medium- and long-term impacts, sustainability, and interventions for child development and children living with disabilities.

«Jeg tenker at jeg har fått en veldig forferdelig barndom» – En narrativ analyse av tilrettelagte avhør om stebarns opplevelser av vold i nære relasjoner

2025-06-20
Ann-Kristin Johansen | Fokus på familien

ASYLUM CRISIS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: THE FAILURE OF CONSERVATIVE POLICY

2025-06-20
Олексій Алтухов , Olha Bublik , М. Г. Русанова | Міжнародні відносини суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії
UK is facing an urgent problem of illegal migration, which has recently gained new urgency. This has become especially noticeable against the background of a sharp increase in unauthorized sea … UK is facing an urgent problem of illegal migration, which has recently gained new urgency. This has become especially noticeable against the background of a sharp increase in unauthorized sea crossings of the English Channel. The mi- gration crisis was influenced by both global and domestic factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which temporarily diverted attention from migration and asylum issues. However, as the immediate problems caused by the pandemic began to subside, migration returned to the forefront of the political and public agenda, sparking fierce debate amongst politicians, the media and society. This study analyses the British government’s ‘Stop the Boats’ policy proposed by the Conservative Party. This strategy involved the resettlement of asylum seek- ers in Rwanda in order to address the problem of irregular migration. The main objectives of the policy were to strengthen border security, reduce administrative burdens and combat illegal smuggling networks. Initially, the policy gained significant political and public support due to its per- ceived decisiveness and effectiveness. However, its implementation faced many challenges. High financial costs, administrative inefficiencies, legal uncertainty and ethical disputes have seriously undermined the success of the programme. Moreover, these shortcomings contributed to growing public discontent, de- creased trust in state institutions and increased political instability. This was ulti- mately one of the reasons for the resignation of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. In addition, the policy increased polarisation in British society, creating a tense social environment. Some political analysts and commentators have even likened this sentiment to a state of civil war, pointing to the deep divisions within British society and the numerous anti-immigrant protests. This situation emphasizes the complexity of the migration challenges facing the UK today and the need to find more balanced and long-term solutions that can take into account both national interests and humanitarian obligations.

Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of refugee children applying for Special Needs Report for Children (SNRC)

2025-06-20
Meryem Kaşak , Yusuf Selman Çelik , Tayfun Öz +5 more | Kastamonu Medical Journal
Aims: This study aims to examine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of refugee children applying for the Special Needs Report for Children (SNRC) in Turkiye. The study seeks to comprehensively … Aims: This study aims to examine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of refugee children applying for the Special Needs Report for Children (SNRC) in Turkiye. The study seeks to comprehensively address the challenges encountered during these children’s health evaluations, particularly the impact of language barriers, and how these challenges affect diagnostic and treatment processes. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 251 refugee children who applied to the SNRC outpatient clinic at Ankara Etlik City Hospital between June 2023 and June 2024. Participants were analyzed in terms of age, gender, reasons for application, and the percentages they received in each section of the SNRC evaluation. Difficulties arising from language barriers during psychiatric assessments and the functionality of psychometric tests were also examined. Results: The mean age of the 251 refugee children who applied for SNRC within one year was 88.92±56.65 months. The gender distribution revealed that 40.6% (n=102) were female and 59.3% (n=149) were male. The most common diagnosis was delayed developmental milestones (52.6%). Language barriers emerged as a fundamental issue during the assessment processes and were most frequently observed in the Afghan group (78.3%). In the application of psychometric tests, 30.3% of non-compliance was detected due to language barriers. The recommendation rate for follow-up in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry clinic was highest in the Afghan group (47.8%). Conclusion: Language barriers represent a significant obstacle to refugee children’s access to healthcare services. Enhancing translation services and developing cultural adaptation programs are critically important in addressing this issue. This study provides an essential guide for understanding the needs of refugee children and improving healthcare services tailored to them.

Afghan Refugee Adaptation in Germany: Post-2021 Integration Challenges and Opportunities

2025-06-19
| Socium.

Marital Relationships After Migration: A Review of Iranian Migrants’ Experiences

2025-06-19
Bita Dasarband , Tahereh Ziaian , Martha Augoustinos +2 more | Marriage & Family Review

Social Work Education and Practice With Refugees

2025-06-19
Shibilshad Pottengal , Rajendra Baikady | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract This chapter aims to emphasize the importance of support for refugees and highlight the crucial role that social work education plays in the rehabilitation of refugees on a global … Abstract This chapter aims to emphasize the importance of support for refugees and highlight the crucial role that social work education plays in the rehabilitation of refugees on a global scale. Throughout history, efforts to reduce refugee numbers have seen varying degrees of success and failure. Recent conflicts, such as those in Ukraine and between Israel and Palestine, have led to a significant increase in the number of individuals displaced from their homes, seeking refuge and safety in foreign lands. This chapter refrains from analyzing the causes of these conflicts, focusing instead on the struggles and needs of the victims—the refugees themselves.

Migrant Mums and Maternity Care: A Qualitative Participatory Health Research Study

2025-06-19
Martha Vazquez Corona , Alya Hazfiarini , Jenny Cao +6 more | BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
ABSTRACT Objective To explore the expectations and experiences of migrant women, including international students, in using maternity care services and describe factors affecting their access and use of these services. … ABSTRACT Objective To explore the expectations and experiences of migrant women, including international students, in using maternity care services and describe factors affecting their access and use of these services. Design This is a qualitative participatory research study. Methods Data were collected through 12 photo‐elicitation workshops and 20 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. We conducted inductive reflexive thematic analysis in a collaborative process with participants, community partners and academic researchers. Setting Melbourne, Australia. Sample Twenty‐one migrant women who had been pregnant or given birth since 2021 and were either international students, and/or born in Vietnam or Indonesia. Results Key challenges migrant women faced accessing and navigating Australian maternity care included costly services, inadequate language services, limited continuity of care and limited health information sharing from health workers. Lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate care hindered women‘s ability to transition from passive to active participants in decision‐making. When provided, social and community support, along with respectful care from health workers, improved access and experiences. Practical enablers included accessible transportation, health insurance information sessions, waivers for insurance waiting periods for maternity coverage and language‐concordant care. Conclusion Migrant women showed pragmatism when navigating maternity care challenges but faced structural barriers that limited their decision‐making and access to healthcare. Strengthening shared decision‐making and woman‐centred care is essential for addressing health system inequities.

Piecing Everything Together Again: Exploring the Experiences of Ex-Jehovah’s Witnesses and How to Support Them

2025-06-19
James J. Murphy , Nicole Holt , Susanna Towers +1 more | International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

Hypertension in Syrian refugees: prevalence, awareness, and access to care in Denmark and Lebanon

2025-06-19
Tala Al‐Rousan , Wadih Naja , Christian Wejse +7 more | Frontiers in Public Health
Background Hypertension significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality rates. Refugees are often exposed to significant risk factors that increase their chances of developing hypertension; however, the prevalence of hypertension … Background Hypertension significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality rates. Refugees are often exposed to significant risk factors that increase their chances of developing hypertension; however, the prevalence of hypertension among resettled refugees remains understudied. This study estimates and compares the prevalence of hypertension, levels of awareness, and access to care between two groups of Syrian refugees residing in humanitarian settings in Lebanon and Denmark. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from refugee camps in Lebanon and asylum centers in Denmark. Cluster-randomized sampling was conducted between January 2016 and December 2019. We present the estimates of hypertension prevalence, psychosocial stress, and lifestyle factors by strata, along with prevalence differences adjusted for confounding using propensity score weighting. Multiple imputation was employed to address missing data, and 95% bootstrap confidence intervals were reported. Results Of the 712 participants, 113 were from Denmark and 599 from Lebanon. Among them, 68% were women, and the median (IQR) age was 34 years (19). The self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 20% in Lebanon and 11% in Denmark. The prevalence of measured stage 2 hypertension was 23% in Lebanon and 24% in Denmark. The confounder-adjusted and multiple-imputed prevalence of hypertension was 5.0 (95% CI: −4.7; 16.1) percentage points higher in Denmark than in Lebanon. Among those with a known diagnosis of hypertension, only 1.6% in Lebanon and none in Denmark were currently taking medications for hypertension. The median (IQR) number of days since last seen by a medical professional was 8 days (48) in Lebanon and 8 days (21) in Denmark. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.0 (SD = 6.15) in Lebanon and 26.2 in Denmark (SD = 6.53). In Denmark, 50.5% reported smoking, and 23.6% reported drinking alcohol, while in Lebanon, the figures were 27.4 and 0.5%, respectively. Conclusion Hypertension prevalence was found to be high among refugees, even in high-income countries (HICs) such as Denmark. Lack of access to medications in relation to self-reported prevalence was observed in both Lebanon and Denmark. Further investigation into psychosocial stress in humanitarian settings as a contributing factor to hypertension disparities in this population is crucial.

Resilience and Response

2025-06-19
Tetyana Semigina , Olena Chuiko , Olha Baidarova +1 more | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract In 2022, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine began, continuing the armed conflict that was initiated in 2014 on Ukrainian territory. The ongoing war has exposed and exacerbated preexisting … Abstract In 2022, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine began, continuing the armed conflict that was initiated in 2014 on Ukrainian territory. The ongoing war has exposed and exacerbated preexisting inequalities within Ukrainian society and resulted in new disparities. This chapter provides an overview of the experiences of vulnerable populations, including internally displaced persons and refugees, who bear the brunt of these inequalities. Different dimensions of multifaceted and intersectional inequality resulting from the war are presented. The war has posed daunting challenges to the ever-changing demands of social work practice. Ukrainian social workers have been providing indispensable support and raising resources for those most affected from the first days of the war. The war emphasizes the importance of social workers’ knowledge in areas like trauma-informed care, refugee assistance, and adaptive practices. The chapter explores paradigmatic shifts, such as the strengths-based and resilience approaches evident under the conditions of war. Social work education and training programs should incorporate these competencies to prepare professionals to respond effectively to the evolving challenges of war-related inequality. The chapter discusses how social work education must equip students with the skills and knowledge required to address inequalities in conflict zones and postwar settings, including trauma-informed services. In summary, this chapter offers valuable insights for social work educators and practitioners worldwide. It also highlights the evolving nature of social work education as it prepares future professionals to address the complexities of our unequal world.

A Resilience‐Disclosure Intervention for Managing Stigmatised North Korean Refugee Identity: A Quasi‐Randomised Controlled Trial

2025-06-19
Hwayeon Myeong , Hyun-Jung Jo , Hyunhee Cho +3 more | International Journal of Psychology
ABSTRACT North Korean refugee (NKR) undergraduate students in South Korean universities often conceal their NKR identity to mitigate discrimination, a strategy that can impede social connection and access to vital … ABSTRACT North Korean refugee (NKR) undergraduate students in South Korean universities often conceal their NKR identity to mitigate discrimination, a strategy that can impede social connection and access to vital resources for college adjustment. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a resilience‐disclosure intervention designed to encourage strategic identity management over complete concealment. In a quasi‐randomised controlled trial, NKR students were assigned to either a resilience‐disclosure intervention ( n = 75) or a control intervention ( n = 68) condition. The resilience‐disclosure intervention highlighted strengths associated with participants' stigmatised NKR identity and encouraged intergroup contact, while the control intervention focused on general strategies for college success without addressing NKR identity. Results demonstrated that the intervention significantly buffered the decline of identity disclosure among participants with heightened concerns about identity‐based rejection. These findings contribute to the literature on psychological interventions, intergroup relations, and the experiences of individuals with CSIs, offering practical strategies to address challenges faced by NKRs.

Does the emotional burden of participating in trauma-related surveys discourage future participation? A population-based study

2025-06-19
Peter G. van der Velden , Lutz Wittmann , Carlo Contino +2 more | European journal of psychotraumatology
Background: Participating in observational trauma-related research can be emotionally burdensome but is generally evaluated as positive. However, whether this burden negatively affects the response at follow-ups, leading to biased outcomes, … Background: Participating in observational trauma-related research can be emotionally burdensome but is generally evaluated as positive. However, whether this burden negatively affects the response at follow-ups, leading to biased outcomes, has received very little attention so far.Objective: The aim of the present prospective study is to better understand the extent to which the emotional burden of participating in a trauma-related survey negatively affects the response at subsequent surveys.Method: For this purpose, data was extracted from the population-based Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel. We assessed whether the emotional burden of participating in the first survey of the longitudinal trauma-related VICTIMS study (Ntotal = 5,870) predicted the response at the second and third survey of the VICTIMS study and three subsequent non-trauma surveys. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses and applied the Benjamini-Hochberg correction of p-values.Results: About 7% of the participants rated the first trauma survey as certainly emotionally burdensome. The analyses revealed that the response at the subsequent surveys was not significantly lower among those for whom the first trauma survey was certainly emotionally burdensome. The response at the third trauma survey among those who rated the first two trauma surveys as certainly burdensome, was as high as among those who rated the first two trauma surveys as certainly not burdensome. Other negative feelings/thoughts about the survey did not moderate these relationships. Results remained consistent across subsamples that experienced potentially traumatic events, stressful life-events, and clinically significant PTSD symptoms.Conclusions: We found no evidence that the emotional burden of a trauma-related survey negatively affects the response at subsequent trauma and non-trauma surveys, and thus does not cause biased study outcomes. This suggests that concerns on the part of medical, ethical, or internal review boards about the possible harm of such surveys can be further relaxed.

Where There is Hope and Family, There is Home: Foundations of Refugee Families’ Wellbeing in Canada

2025-06-19
Sohaila Isaqzai , Bree Akesson , Karen Frensch | Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

Correction: HIV infection among refugees, asylum seekers and unaccompanied foreign minors attending an outpatient clinic in Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy) in 2022–2023

2025-06-18
A Corsaro , Francesca Bonvicini , Federica Violi +6 more | Deleted Journal

PSİKANALİTİK YAKLAŞIMLA MİLLİYETÇİLİK PSİKOLOJİSİ BAĞLAMINDA TÜRK- YUNAN KİMLİĞİ: 6/7 EYLÜL OLAYLARI

2025-06-18
Özlem Özdeşim Subay | Beykoz Akademi Dergisi
Büyük grup kimliklerinden biri olan milli kimlik, bireylere grup aidiyeti kazandırarak onların siyasal, kültürel, ekonomik ve toplumsal ilişkilerine etki etmektedir. Son yıllarda alan yazınındaki gelişmelerle birlikte politik psikoloji perspektifinden büyük … Büyük grup kimliklerinden biri olan milli kimlik, bireylere grup aidiyeti kazandırarak onların siyasal, kültürel, ekonomik ve toplumsal ilişkilerine etki etmektedir. Son yıllarda alan yazınındaki gelişmelerle birlikte politik psikoloji perspektifinden büyük grup kimliklerinin psikolojisini incelemek mümkün hale gelmiştir. Milliyetçilik psikolojisini inceleyen yaklaşımlar arasında olan psikanalitik yaklaşım olayları tarihsel ve toplumsal açıdan çözümlemesi bağlamında etkilidir ve alan yazınında dikkat çekmektedir. Türk ve Yunan kimlikleri arasında Bizans ve Osmanlı dönemine dayanan özellikle İstanbul’un fethiyle başlayan ve Kurtuluş Savaşıyla devam eden yüzyıllar boyunca süregelmiş birçok gerilim hattı mevcuttur. Demokrat Parti döneminin en çok yankı uyandıran siyasi gelişmelerinden biri, 1955 yılında gayrimüslimlere karşı gerçekleştirilen 6-7 Eylül Olaylarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 6-7 Eylül Olaylarının psikanalitik bakış açısıyla milliyetçilik psikolojisi bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla öncelikle Türk milliyetçiliğinin psikolojisine, psikanalitik açıdan Türk- Yunan kimliği arasındaki ilişkiye ve 6-7 Eylül Olaylarının değerlendirilmesine yer verilecektir. Çalışma sonuçlarından birisi, iki kimliğin tarihteki seçilmiş travmalarından dolayı birbirlerine karşı yeterli eşduyumu gösterememesi ve bu travmaların zaman zaman şiddet olaylarını tetiklemesidir.

Clinic-Based Community Organizing

2025-06-18
Anaïs Tuepker , Hilary Nichols , Mizan Gaillard +2 more | NEJM Catalyst

Correction: Close to the border—Resilience in healthcare in a European border region: Findings of a needs analysis

2025-06-18
Leonie Anne Kathrin Loeffler , Sophie Isabelle Lambert , Lea Bouché +3 more | PLoS ONE
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316105.]. [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316105.].

African Immigrants and the End of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Actionable Recommendations to Enhance Equity

2025-06-18
Gloria Aidoo‐Frimpong , Emmanuel Koku , Nipher Malika +2 more | American Journal of Public Health
African immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain overlooked in public health strategies such as the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Many reside in … African immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain overlooked in public health strategies such as the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Many reside in EHE-prioritized counties, but their categorization under the broad “Black/African American” label obscures their distinct pathways to HIV acquisition and barriers to care. We explore how African immigrants can be more effectively prioritized in the EHE framework. We examine key challenges, including stigma, cultural and linguistic barriers, and structural inequities, that limit access to prevention and treatment services. Additionally, sociocultural factors, such as traditional health beliefs and immigration-related stressors, exacerbate these barriers. We propose actionable strategies to address these gaps, including disaggregated data collection, culturally tailored interventions, and partnerships with African immigrant communities. By aligning EHE efforts with the unique needs of this population, public health strategies can better address disparities and advance equity in the fight to end the HIV epidemic. ( Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 18, 2025:e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308160 )

Cultural factors related to immigrants’ health: a scoping review

2025-06-18
Sujin Choi , Eunjeong Kang | Frontiers in Public Health
Introduction This scoping review investigates the cultural factors influencing the health of immigrants by applying Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome (SPO) model. While immigrant health has been extensively studied, cultural factors have not … Introduction This scoping review investigates the cultural factors influencing the health of immigrants by applying Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome (SPO) model. While immigrant health has been extensively studied, cultural factors have not been systematically analyzed within a comprehensive healthcare quality framework. Methods Following the Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, 42 studies were identified and analyzed using the SPO model to categorize cultural factors into structural, process, and outcome dimensions. Results Structural factors included social support, discrimination, ethnicity, language barriers, cultural competence, and parents’ culturalism. Process factors included acculturation to new cultures, while outcome factors encompassed acculturative stress and an ethnic identity crisis. Social support and cultural competence were crucial for mitigating health challenges, whereas discrimination and language barriers were significant obstacles. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding immigrant health by addressing cultural factors within a structured health model. Our findings provide actionable insights for planning culturally sensitive policies and services to enhance immigrant health outcomes.