Arts and Humanities Language and Linguistics

Translation Studies and Practices

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the theory and practice of translation studies, covering topics such as translator competence, corpus linguistics, globalization's impact on translation, cultural and literary translation, sociology of translation, machine translation, cross-cultural communication, and audiovisual translation.

Keywords

Translation; Corpus Linguistics; Translator Competence; Globalization; Cultural Translation; Literary Translation; Sociology of Translation; Machine Translation; Cross-Cultural Communication; Audiovisual Translation

The <i>Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais</i> has become a standard text in the French-speaking world for the study of comparative stylistics and the training of translators. This updated, … The <i>Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais</i> has become a standard text in the French-speaking world for the study of comparative stylistics and the training of translators. This updated, first English edition makes Vinay & Darbelnet's classic methodology of translation available to a wider readership. The translation-oriented contrastive grammatical and stylistic analyses of the two languages are extensively exemplified by expressions, phrases and texts. Combining description with methodological guidelines for translation, this volume serves both as a course book and ­ through its detailed index and glossary ­ as a reference manual for specific translation problems.
Au début des années 80, un groupe de chercheurs de l’École des mines se penche sur un aspect du monde contemporain négligé par les sciences sociales : les sciences et … Au début des années 80, un groupe de chercheurs de l’École des mines se penche sur un aspect du monde contemporain négligé par les sciences sociales : les sciences et les techniques. Comment sont-elles produites ? Comment leur validité ou leur efficacité sont-elles établies ? Comment se diffusent-elles ? Comment contribuent-ils à transformer le monde ? Ces travaux donnent naissance à une approche aujourd’hui reconnue : la sociologie de la traduction, dite aussi théorie de l’acteur réseau, ...
In this, the first comprehensive reader in translation studies, Lawrence Venuti guides the reader through the varying approaches to translation studies in the latter half of the twentieth century. Chronologically … In this, the first comprehensive reader in translation studies, Lawrence Venuti guides the reader through the varying approaches to translation studies in the latter half of the twentieth century. Chronologically ordered and divided into clear sections, Venuti has gathered key essays, articles and book extracts together in one definitive volume, thus providing the reader with a clear history of translation studies. The Reader also covers contemporary translation research and analysis, and, as it approaches the present day, offers glimpses of possible future trends. Venuti introduces each section with comments on the readings and influential theorists, sketches the main theoretical trends in the period, and offers critical assessment. References and suggestions for further reading conclude each section. The Translation Studies Reader will be an indispensible course textbook and a stimulus for further research.
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction by Leon S. Roudiez1. The Ethics of Linguistics2. The Bounded Text3. Word, Dialogue, and Novel4. How Does One Speak to Literature?5. From One Identity to an Other6. The Father, … PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction by Leon S. Roudiez1. The Ethics of Linguistics2. The Bounded Text3. Word, Dialogue, and Novel4. How Does One Speak to Literature?5. From One Identity to an Other6. The Father, Love, and Banishment7. The Novel as Polylogue8. Giotto's Joy9. Motherhood According to Giovanni Bellini10. Place NamesIndex
Meaning-Based Translation is designed for training beginning translators and organized chapter by chapter as drill material for the textbook Meaning-Based Translation. The textbook emphasizes the importance of a translation being … Meaning-Based Translation is designed for training beginning translators and organized chapter by chapter as drill material for the textbook Meaning-Based Translation. The textbook emphasizes the importance of a translation being accurate, clear and natural and the exercises give the student practice in achieving this goal. The exercises follow closely the content of the textbook since this is a drill manual for added practice. The textbook has some exercises as well, but the workbook provides additional practice from one basic source, thus giving students a wider variety of problems to solve during practice time. It also provides material that can be used as homework or as testing material.
PREFACEThis volume, Toward a Science of Translating, has been largelynprompted by the nature of field work in which I have been involvednduring recent years in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. … PREFACEThis volume, Toward a Science of Translating, has been largelynprompted by the nature of field work in which I have been involvednduring recent years in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. An earlier book,nBible Translating (Nida, 1947a), though very useful to the Bible translator,nis essentially only a practical handbook, with a kind of rule-of-thumbnorientation. Increasingly it became obvious that in order to assistntranslators more satisfactorily it was necessary to provide somethingnwhich would not only be solidly based on contemporary developmentsnin the fields of linguistics, anthropology, and psychology, but would alsonrelate the specific area of Bible translating to the wider activity of translatingnin general. The present volume is an attempt to fill this need.As the title of this book implies, it makes no pretension to be andefinitive volume, for in the present state of development in the field ofnsemantics it is impossible to contemplate writing such a final work.nHowever, there have been a number of important and fruitful developmentsnin linguistics, both in the structural as well as the semantic areas,nand these have contributed very significantly to the organization ofnthis book.Though the scope of translation theory in this volume is all-inclusive,nthe illustrative data are drawn primarily from Biblical materials, andnespecially so in the later chapters. This is not as great a disadvantagenas it might appear at first glance, for no other type of translating hasnsuch a long history, involves so many different languages (at present morenthan 1,200), includes more diverse types of texts, and covers so manyndistinct cultural areas of the world. But though the examples are drawnnprimarily from Biblical data, this volume is not prepared with thenaverage Bible translator in mind, for it is rather too technical in orientation.nNevertheless, it should serve as an important help to such translatorsnas may have some background in present-day linguistic theory andnit will be the basis of other more simply written books now in preparation,nwhich will be aimed at teaching translation methods.n n n
Discourse and the Translator both incorporates and moves beyond previous studies of translation. Its logical and informative approach to the problems of translation ensures that it will be essential for … Discourse and the Translator both incorporates and moves beyond previous studies of translation. Its logical and informative approach to the problems of translation ensures that it will be essential for all those who work with languages 'in contact'. Incorporating research in sociolinguistics, discourse studies, pragmatics and semiotics, the authors analyse the process and product of translation in their social contexts. Through this analysis, the book emphasises the importance of the translator as a mediator between cultures.
actuales (1980-2000)", se centra en los últimos años del siglo XX; el tercero y último, al que se dedica menor número de páginas, "¿Qué es la traducción y hacia dónde … actuales (1980-2000)", se centra en los últimos años del siglo XX; el tercero y último, al que se dedica menor número de páginas, "¿Qué es la traducción y hacia dónde vamos en su estudio teórico, descriptivo y aplicado?"fundamentalmente presenta conclusiones.
This is an expanded and slightly revised version of the book of the same title which caused quite a stir when it was first published (1995). It thus reflects an … This is an expanded and slightly revised version of the book of the same title which caused quite a stir when it was first published (1995). It thus reflects an additional step in an ongoing research project which was launched in the 1970s. The main objective is to transcend the limitations of using descriptive methods as a mere ancillary tool and place a proper branch of DTS at the very heart of the discipline, between the theoretical and the applied branches. Throughout the book, theoretical and methodological discussions are illustrated by an assortment of case studies, the emphasis being on the need to take whatever one wishes to focus on within the contexts which are relevant to it. Part One discusses the pivotal position of the descriptive branch within Translation Studies, and Part Two then outlines a detailed rationale for that positioning. This, in turn, supplies a framework for the case studies comprising Part Three, where a number of exemplary issues are analysed and contextualized: texts and modes of translational behaviour are situated in their cultural setting, and textual components are related to their texts and then also to the cultural constellations in which they are embedded. All this leads to Part Four, which asks what the knowledge accumulated through descriptive studies of the kind advocated in the book is likely to yield in terms of both the theoretical and the applied branches of the field. All in all: an innovative, thought-provoking book which no one with a keen interest in translation can afford to ignore.
One of the first books to shine a light on the broad scope of translation studies, this Routledge Translation Classic is widely regarded as a pillar of the discipline. Authored … One of the first books to shine a light on the broad scope of translation studies, this Routledge Translation Classic is widely regarded as a pillar of the discipline. Authored by one of the most infl uential translation theorists of the twentieth century, Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame shows how rewriting – translation, anthologization, historiography, criticism, editing – infl uences the reception and canonization of works of literature. Firmly placing the production and reception of literature within the wider framework of a culture and its history, André Lefevere explores how rewriting manipulates works of literature to ideological and artistic ends, and demonstrates how rewriting a text can give it a new, sometimes subversive, historical or literary status. Ranging across various literatures, including Classical Latin, French, and German, and here reissued with a new foreword by Scott G. Williams, this is a seminal text for all students and specialists in translation studies, literary theory, and comparative and world literature.
`Translation has long needed a champion, and at last in George Steiner it has found a scholar who is a match for the task.' Sunday Times First published in 1975, … `Translation has long needed a champion, and at last in George Steiner it has found a scholar who is a match for the task.' Sunday Times First published in 1975, After Babel constituted the first systematic investigation of the theory and processes of translation since the eighteenth century. In mapping out its own field, it quickly established itself as both controversial and seminal, and gave rise to a considerable, and still-growing, body of secondary literature. Even today, with its status as a modern classic beyond question, many of the books insights remain provocative and challenging. For the second edition of After Babel, George Steiner entirely revised the text, added new and expanded notes, provided a substantially updated bibliography (including much Russian and Eastern European material), and wrote a new preface setting the book in the present context of hermeneutics, poetics, and translation studies. `Steiner's subject is extravagantly rich and he ponders it on the most generous scale...his language and his ideas display even-handedness, seriousness without heaviness, learning without pedantry, and sober charm.' New Yorker
The Translator as Communicator. Basil Hatim and Ian Mason. New York: Routledge, 1997. 244 pp. The Translator as Communicator. Basil Hatim and Ian Mason. New York: Routledge, 1997. 244 pp.
Part I (General) Entries include: central issues in translation theory (e.g. equivalence, translatability) terms which have a specific meaning in translation studies (e.g.imitation, paraphrase) various approaches to translation (e.g. linguistic … Part I (General) Entries include: central issues in translation theory (e.g. equivalence, translatability) terms which have a specific meaning in translation studies (e.g.imitation, paraphrase) various approaches to translation (e.g. linguistic perspective, interpretive approach) types of translation and interpreting (e.g. literary translation, dubbing, and signed language interpreting) Part II (History and Traditions) Entries include Russian, French, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese and Finnish, and regions including Brazil, Canada and India.
The aim of this article is to clarify the notion of translation technique, understood as an instrument of textual analysis that, in combination with other instruments, allows us to study … The aim of this article is to clarify the notion of translation technique, understood as an instrument of textual analysis that, in combination with other instruments, allows us to study how translation equivalence works in relation to the original text. First, existing definitions and classifications of translation techniques are reviewed and terminological, conceptual and classification confusions are pointed out. Secondly, translation techniques are redefined, distinguishing them from translation method and translation strategies. The definition is dynamic and functional. Finally, we present a classification of translation techniques that has been tested in a study of the translation of cultural elements in Arabic translations of A Hundred Years of Solitude by Garcia Marquez.
Roman Jakobson’s 1959 essay offers a semiotic reflection on translatability. He conceives of meaning, not as a reference to reality, but as a relation to a potentially endless chain of … Roman Jakobson’s 1959 essay offers a semiotic reflection on translatability. He conceives of meaning, not as a reference to reality, but as a relation to a potentially endless chain of signs. He describes translation as a process of recoding which “involves two equivalent messages in two different codes,” and he distinguishes between three different kinds of translation: “intralingual,” “interlingual,” and “intersemiotic.” He is mindful of the differences among cultural discourses, especially poetry, where “grammatical categories carry a high semantic import” and which therefore requires translation that is a “creative transposition” into a different system of signs.
2018. Chapter 8. Hybrid rhetorical structure in English Sociology research article abstracts. In Intercultural Perspectives on Research Writing [AILA Applied Linguistics Series, 18], ► pp. 175 ff. 2018. Chapter 8. Hybrid rhetorical structure in English Sociology research article abstracts. In Intercultural Perspectives on Research Writing [AILA Applied Linguistics Series, 18], ► pp. 175 ff.
Sporód licznych przek³adów wierszy Wis³awy Szymborskiej na jêzyk angielski 1 najczêciej wydawane s¹ te stworzone przez tandem literacki: Stanis³aw Barañczak i Sporód licznych przek³adów wierszy Wis³awy Szymborskiej na jêzyk angielski 1 najczêciej wydawane s¹ te stworzone przez tandem literacki: Stanis³aw Barañczak i
It is surely a mark of some kind of success when a movement begins to be attacked by its own participants. We may recall the surrealist debates of the 1920s, … It is surely a mark of some kind of success when a movement begins to be attacked by its own participants. We may recall the surrealist debates of the 1920s, with their rival manifestos, counterblasts, and excommunications, or Roland Barthes's irritated insistence in the mid-1970s that he was not after all a structuralist. Emily Apter's new book suggests that the resurgent study of world literature has achieved a comparable standing today. Herself a leading figure in the opening up of comparative literature toward global perspectives, notably as author of The Translation Zone: A New Comparative Literature (2006), as contributor to several collections on world literature, and as a founding board member of Harvard's Institute for World Literature, Apter is well situated to assess the field from within. In Against World Literature, she offers a bracing critique of the politics of translation in American literary studies. All too often, she argues, scholars and teachers of world literature assume a ready transferability across open linguistic and political borders, and she aims to complicate these matters, both linguistically and politically.Apter's book ranges widely across the landscape of contemporary literary studies, philosophy, art, and politics. As she says, rather than offering a comprehensive or programmatic narrative, the volume provides “an array of loosely affiliated topoi—oneworldedness, literary world-systems, terrestrial humanism, checkpoints, theologies of translation, the translational interdiction, pedagogy, authorial deownership, possessive collectivism” (16). If the book eschews any progressively developed argument, it does have a distinct point of origin, in Apter's work as coeditor of a paradoxical project: an English translation—or untranslation—of the Vocabulaire européen des philosophies: Dictionnaire des intraduisibles (2006), edited by the Parisian philosopher Barbara Cassin. Focused on the vexed translation history of philosophical terms, the Vocabulaire's essays proved to need extensive reworking to become legible for an American audience. Six of Apter's eighteen chapters take up and build on aspects of Cassin's project. Like Cassin, Apter takes a post-Heideggerian approach to language, building on Derrida to argue against Heidegger's linguistic ontology in order to counter a too easy evocation of a world of open communication and the free play of the imagination, speciously unified via a Euro-universalism projected onto the globe at large.Branching off from this philosophical base are chapters arguing against ideals of an independent world republic of letters, whether in French debates on littérature-monde or in a good deal of American scholarship and pedagogy of World Literature (she uses capitals to signify the field of study). The book includes chapters on the work of Franco Moretti and Erich Auerbach together with an essay on Edward Said's “terrestrial humanism” and discussions of the translation theories of Jacques Derrida and of Abdelfattah Kilito, and ends with essays on the challenges for art and for criticism in a violent and dystopian world.Running through Apter's sometimes stark critique of an “entrepreneurial, bulimic” World Literature (3) is a parallel critique of the field of translation studies, both fields having become “too pluralistic, too ecumenical” while still remaining rooted in Eurocentric approaches and “unable to rework literary history through planetary cartographies” (8). World Literature and translation studies too readily take translation “to be a good thing en soi—under the assumption that it is a critical praxis enabling communication across languages, cultures, time periods, and disciplines” (8). Both fields, in Apter's view, have largely been blind to the recurrent realities of translation failure and the challenges of untranslatability, and so their practitioners have generally (even “inevitably”) fallen short of their cosmopolitan project of fostering international communication and understanding (7–8).Throughout her book, Apter makes a forceful case for the need to understand the “world” in World Literature as both politically and linguistically fraught, and she echoes Gayatri Spivak and others in arguing that World Literature's “ethic of liberal inclusiveness … often has the collateral effect of blunting political critique” (41). As she says in a chapter on “Dispossessive Collectivism,” World Literature needs to be more than a project of “curatorial salvage,” a mere museum of words without borders that “gathers up swaths of literary culture deemed vulnerable to extinction and performs preservational intervention” (326). Her pursuit of these themes takes Apter from the novels of Pynchon and DeLillo to the work of the Palestinian/American conceptual artist Emily Jacir, and the volume includes a cautionary essay on “Checkpoints and Sovereign Borders” (99–114) and a brief but suggestive chapter on the problematic extension of European historical categories to areas far beyond Europe (“Eurochronology and Periodicity,” 57–69). In terms of translation studies, Apter offers a counter-narrative to the celebratory accounts by practitioners such as Edith Grossman or David Bellos (19–20), giving extended exegeses of work on translation theory by Derrida and several thinkers in his wake, and exploring case studies including the complex history of an English translation of Madame Bovary by Karl Marx's daughter Eleanor, later revised by Paul and Patricia de Man.As in The Translation Zone, Apter frames her argument in terms of a wider political concern, seeking to foster humanistic interventions in a world of insurgency and counterinsurgency, surveillance and countersurveillance, “Paranoid Globalism” (chapter 4) and “Planetary Dysphoria” (the title of her concluding chapter). As she says at the opening of her conclusion, “I have tried to wean World Literature from its comfort zone” (335).There is much to admire in Against World Literature, but I often found myself wishing that Apter had developed her arguments further by opening out more beyond her own cultural and theoretical comfort zone. Throughout her book, “World Literature” is taken to be a unified entity, practiced largely in translation by American academics; no mention is made of the ambitious publication projects undertaken in Japan over the course of the past century, in China since the end of the Cultural Revolution, or in countries as varied as Estonia, Poland, Portugal, and South Korea in more recent years. Within English-language scholarship, Apter rarely discusses work published in the past decade, even though scholars of world literature increasingly focus on complexities of translation and on the cultural politics of transmission and reception. No mention is made, for instance, of Mads Rosendahl Thomsen's Mapping World Literature (Bloomsbury, 2008), Ursula Heise's Sense of Place and Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global (Oxford, 2008), Djelal Kadir's Memos from the Besieged City: Lifelines for Cultural Sustainability (Stanford, 2010), or Jacob Edmond's A Common Strangeness: Contemporary Poetry, Cross-cultural Encounter, Comparative Literature (Fordham, 2012). A treatment of untranslatability from a broad temporal and cultural perspective can be found in Ronit Ricci's remarkable book Islam Translated (Chicago, 2011), which opens with a chapter on “‘Translation’ and its Untranslatability,” exploring the implications of the fact that the very term “translation” has no direct translation in Arabic, Tamil, and Javanese, the languages at the heart of her study.Little engaged with current scholarship in world literature, Apter's book is equally selective in its reference to translation studies. Derrida's work in this area is certainly important, and there is no reason why a problem-centered book would need to survey the full range of translation theory, but Apter neglects major figures whose work could enrich her argument at many points. A broader view of the politics of untranslatability, for example, could supplement Derrida's brief essay “Des tours de Babel” with the hermeneutic theory of George Steiner's After Babel (Oxford, 1975). Only cited for a comment on Eleanor Marx's Flaubert translation (283), Steiner could have provided valuable insights on the resistance of language to translation, which he sees as stemming from cultures' desire to protect their “alternities” from outside eyes. At least Steiner gets a passing glance. Apart from a string citation in a single footnote (4), Against World Literature nowhere discusses or even mentions such seminal figures in the “cultural turn” of contemporary translation studies as Susan Bassnett, André Lefevere, Gideon Toury, Harish Trivedi, or Lawrence Venuti, even though from the 1980s onward these theorists revolutionized a previously formalist field to address issues of power, inequality, and the thorniness of language.Apter's disengagement from most of the work now being done in World Literature and in translation studies suggests that her real focus lies elsewhere. Though she presents her book as intended “to ford the divisions between World Literature and Theory that have led to unproductive rifts” (5), over the course of the book it increasingly appears that her primary concern is with rifts within the field of Theory itself. And not necessarily to heal them: running through her chapters is a pattern of dismissal or outright occlusion of theoretical perspectives that she finds uncongenial. Thus she details Derrida's mocking critique of the Sinologist and comparatist René Etiemble (236–37), but Etiemble himself can't get a word in edgewise. For a proponent of “planetarity,” it might have been useful to take a serious look at the author of Ouverture(s) sur un comparatisme planétaire. Apter does directly discuss Franco Moretti on World Literature and the global spread of the novel, but ends by assessing his work as “precritical in the sense that it shakes off the influence of decades of metatheory, hermeneutics and deconstruction” (55). Surely there are few more critically acute scholars active today than Moretti, whose work is deeply informed by world-systems analysis, grounded in Marxist and also evolutionary theory, and bolstered by engagement with such non-Western theorists as Roberto Schwarz and Masao Miyoshi. Yet by a rhetorical sleight of hand, Moretti's post-deconstructive work here becomes “precritical.” Moretti and a variety of other scholars sidelined by Apter are theorizing the world in a global perspective, but from sociological and economic standpoints rather than a base in Continental philosophy.Apter views Continental philosophy itself through a selective lens. Symptomatic is a page-long listing of influential translations of Continental works, inviting “reflection on the full impact of translation on the making of cross-continental philosophy and theory” (247). “In each instance,” Apter notes, “the translator plays a pivotal role in the history of theory in his or her own right” (248). Her examples of these pivotal translations are: Derrida's French translation of Husserl, followed by English-language translations of Derrida, of Lacan, and of Derrida again; then of Foucault, of Derrida again, of Kristeva, of Irigaray, and of Derrida yet again—twice—and then of Deleuze, Agamben, Rancière, Malabou, Badiou, Lacan, and again Badiou, ending with Judith Butler in French (248). Neither here nor anywhere in the book do we find Lukács, or Bakhtin, or Gadamer, or Gramsci, nor even a full range of French theory: no Saussure, no Lévi-Strauss, no Girard, no Ricoeur, no Althusser. In place of any of these figures, we have Derrida six times.Having just devoted a chapter to “Derrida's Theologies of Translation” (228–46), Apter follows this list with a further exegesis of Derrida's seminal role in highlighting the issue of translation in deconstructive thought (249–53). She then moves on to discuss Abdelfattah Kilito's elegantly ironic book Lan tatakallana lughati (Thou Shalt Not Speak My Language Syracuse, 2006)—a work whose linguistic interdiction hasn't prevented it from receiving rapid translations into French and English—before closing the chapter with further comments on Derrida. It is refreshing finally to find some discussion of a theorist based outside Paris or the United States, and yet like many Moroccan intellectuals, Kilito does much of his critical writing in French, appearing in such journals as Poétique; he recently published in Paris a kind of sequel to his 2002 volume, Je parle toutes les langues, mais en arabe (Actes Sud, 2013). In discussing the work of a Moroccan theorist who holds a PhD from the Sorbonne, recipient in 1996 of the Prix du rayonnement de la langue française of the Académie Française, Apter has not moved so far from the Rive Gauche after all.The world is a large and various place. Those wishing to chart new planetary cartographies are finding many languages to study beyond the French–German–English triad that long dominated Western comparative studies, and they are developing new methods appropriate to the expanded scope of our field. The tough linguistic and political analyses that Emily Apter rightly wishes comparatists to pursue will best be carried forward by widening our cultural and linguistic horizons, and by employing the full variety of critical and theoretical approaches that can be included in our cartographic toolboxes today.
This is an expanded and slightly revised version of the book of the same title which caused quite a stir when it was first published (1995). It thus reflects an … This is an expanded and slightly revised version of the book of the same title which caused quite a stir when it was first published (1995). It thus reflects an additional step in an ongoing research project which was launched in the 1970s. The main objective is to transcend the limitations of using descriptive methods as a mere ancillary tool and place a proper branch of DTS at the very heart of the discipline, between the theoretical and the applied branches. Throughout the book, theoretical and methodological discussions are illustrated by an assortment of case studies, the emphasis being on the need to take whatever one wishes to focus on within the contexts which are relevant to it. Part One discusses the pivotal position of the descriptive branch within Translation Studies, and Part Two then outlines a detailed rationale for that positioning. This, in turn, supplies a framework for the case studies comprising Part Three, where a number of exemplary issues are analysed and contextualized: texts and modes of translational behaviour are situated in their cultural setting, and textual components are related to their texts and then also to the cultural constellations in which they are embedded. All this leads to Part Four, which asks what the knowledge accumulated through descriptive studies of the kind advocated in the book is likely to yield in terms of both the theoretical and the applied branches of the field. All in all: an innovative, thought-provoking book which no one with a keen interest in translation can afford to ignore.
Contents Acknowledgements The structure of Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling The book The DVD WinCAPS 1. Introduction to Subtitling 1.0 Preliminary discussion 1.1 Definition 1.2 Translation or adaptation? Audiovisual Translation (AVT) 1.3 … Contents Acknowledgements The structure of Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling The book The DVD WinCAPS 1. Introduction to Subtitling 1.0 Preliminary discussion 1.1 Definition 1.2 Translation or adaptation? Audiovisual Translation (AVT) 1.3 Classification of subtitles 1.3.1 Linguistic parameters 1.3.2 Time available for preparation 1.3.3 Technical parameters 1.3.4 Methods of projecting subtitles 1.3.5 Distribution format 1.4 Surtitles 1.5 Intertitles 1.6 Fansubs 1.7 Discussion points 2. The Professional Environment 2.0 Preliminary discussion 2.1 The subtitling process 2.2 The professionals 2.3 The working conditions 2.3.1 Clients and rates 2.3.2 Globalization 2.3.3 Deadlines 2.3.4 Subtitlers' visibility and professional associations 2.3.5 Training 2.4 Discussion points 3. The Semiotics of Subtitling 3.0 Preliminary discussion 3.1 The film as text 3.1.1 The complexity of the filmic sign system 3.1.2 The semiotics of screenwriting and film dialogue 3.2 Subtitling and images 3.2.1 Semiotic cohesion 3.2.2 The multimodality of language 3.2.3 Camera movement and editing 3.2.4 A blessing in disguise 3.3 Subtitling, soundtrack, and text on screen 3.3.1 Subtitling's vulnerability 3.3.2 Multilingual films 3.3.3 Text on screen 3.4 Change of medium 3.4.1 Speech to writing: a matter of compromise 3.5 Discussion points 3.6 Exercises 4. Technical Considerations 4.0 Preliminary discussion 4.1 Subtitling programs 4.2 Feet and frames 4.3 Dialogue lists 4.4 Style guides 4.5 Code of good subtitling practice 4.6 Spatial dimension 4.6.1 Maximum number of lines and position on the screen 4.6.2 Font type and number of characters per line 4.6.3 One-liners and two-liners 4.6.4 Centred and left-aligned 4.7 Temporal dimension 4.7.1 Spotting and duration of subtitles 4.7.2 Synchronization 4.7.3 Multiple voices 4.7.4 Shot changes 4.7.5 Delay function between subtitles 4.7.6 One or two lines? 4.7.7 Timecodes 4.7.8 Reading time 4.7.9 Six-second rule 4.7.10 DVD reading speed 4.8 Exercises 5. Punctuation and other Conventions 5.0 Preliminary discussion 5.1 In search of conventions 5.2 Punctuation conventions 5.2.1 Commas and semi-colons 5.2.2 Full stops 5.2.3 Colons 5.2.4 Parentheses and brackets 5.2.5 Exclamation marks and question marks 5.2.6 Dashes and hyphens 5.2.7 Triple dots 5.2.8 Asterisks 5.2.9 Slashes 5.2.10 Other symbols 5.2.11 Capital letters 5.2.12 Quotation marks or inverted commas 5.3 Other conventions 5.3.1 Italics 5.3.1.1 Songs 5.3.1.2 Letters and written documents 5.3.2 Colours 5.3.3 Abbreviations 5.3.4 Numbers 5.3.4.1 Cardinals 5.3.4.2 Ordinals 5.3.4.3 Time 5.3.4.4 Measurements and weights 5.4 A glimpse of the future? 5.5 Discussion points 5.6 Exercises 6. The Linguistics of Subtitling 6.0 Preliminary discussion 6.1 Subtitling: translation as rewriting 6.2 Text reduction 6.2.1 Condensation and reformulation 6.2.1.1 Condensation and reformulation at word level 6.2.1.2 Condensation and reformulation at clause/sentence level 6.2.2 Omissions 6.2.2.1 Omissions at word level 6.2.2.2 Omissions at clause/sentence level 6.3 Linguistic cohesion and coherence in subtitling 6.4 Segmentation and line breaks 6.4.1 Line breaks within subtitles: syntactic-semantic considerations 6.4.2 Line breaks across subtitles: syntactic-semantic considerations 6.4.3 Rhetorical segmentation 6.5 Discussion points 6.6 Exercises 7. Translation Issues 7.0 Preliminary discussion 7.1 Linguistic variation 7.2 Denotative versus connotative meaning 7.3 The translation of marked speech 7.3.1 Style 7.3.2 Register 7.3.3 Dialects, sociolects, and idiolects 7.3.3.1 Grammar 7.3.3.2 Lexicon 7.3.3.3 Accents and pronunciation 7.3.4 Emotionally charged language: taboo words, swearwords, interjections 7.4 The translation of culture-bound terms 7.5 The translation of songs 7.5.1 Deciding what to translate 7.5.2 Deciding how to translate 7.6 The translation of humour 7.6.1 Pinning down humour 7.6.2 Subtitling humour 7.7 Ideological issues: whose voice and whose message 7.8 Discussion points 7.9 Exercises 8. Further Activities 8.1 WinCAPS activities 8.2 Extra scenes 9. A Glossary of Terms Used in Subtitling 10. References 10.1 Bibliography 10.2 Filmography 11. Index
| Edinburgh University Press eBooks
| Edinburgh University Press eBooks
To be able to express a traumatic experience implies to translate it. Translating trauma means being able to say it. Thus, the translation of texts bearing witness to trauma is … To be able to express a traumatic experience implies to translate it. Translating trauma means being able to say it. Thus, the translation of texts bearing witness to trauma is ultimately presented as the translation of a translation. This is why Primo Levi’s If This is a Man is an ongoing reflection on translation. By associating translation with survival, as Walter Benjamin and, even more precisely, Janine Altounian did in La Survivance: traduire le trauma collectif (Dunod, 2000), this essay aims to explore the different ways in which translation is linked to survival.
This study aims to examine the denotative and connotative meanings of the word sponsor in the context of police investigation reports related to human trafficking cases in Indonesia, using a … This study aims to examine the denotative and connotative meanings of the word sponsor in the context of police investigation reports related to human trafficking cases in Indonesia, using a corpus linguistics approach supported by the AntConc software. The data consist of seven BAP documents from victims, witnesses, and suspects of TPPO cases, analyzed using the Word List, Concordance, and Collocates features to identify the frequency and collocational patterns of the word sponsor. The findings reveal that denotatively, sponsor refers to individuals or parties involved in the recruitment of prospective migrant workers. However, connotatively, the term carries a negative implication, often associated with illegal recruitment and exploitation practices embedded within human trafficking networks. Frequent collocates such as who recruited, on behalf of, and requested documents illustrate that sponsor is not semantically neutral, but socially constructed as a key actor in trafficking crimes. The findings indicate that changes in legal terminology are needed to improve accuracy and transparency in legal documents. As such, the results of this study can contribute to efforts to increase transparency and effectiveness of law enforcement in human trafficking cases.
Abstract Translating stand-up comedy punchlines from the English-Arabic linguistic and cultural divide presents various patterns of adaptation and transformation. This paper examines a parallel corpus of thirty stand-up comedy shows … Abstract Translating stand-up comedy punchlines from the English-Arabic linguistic and cultural divide presents various patterns of adaptation and transformation. This paper examines a parallel corpus of thirty stand-up comedy shows streamed on Netflix. The corpus consists of seven nationalities and approximately 32,000 aligned utterance pairs, including 260,842 English and 190,687 Arabic tokens, respectively. Our four-phased corpus creation pipeline includes source selection, subtitle extraction, intense preprocessing, and Bleualign-based alignment with complete manual validation. Statistical analysis identifies a persistent translation compression ratio of 0.731 (Arabic/English tokens), which indicates Arabic’s morphological efficiency instead of translators’ bias. Structural differences are noted with 78.8 % of Arabic translations comprising 1–10 tokens versus 59.8 % in English sources. The thematic analysis of nine comedy types shows differential preservation rates, with universal themes being highly preserved (social commentary: 95.6 %) and culturally rooted content being strongly transformed (pop culture references: 75.4 %). Translation strategies also differ systematically by humor type, with literal translation being most prevalent (33 %) but adaptation frequently used in wordplay (45 %) and cultural humor (52 %). This corpus not only addresses a gap in existing English-Arabic parallel corpora, particularly within the domain of creative discourse, but it also provides useful data in the fields of translation, computational linguistics, and cross-cultural humor studies.

Class

2025-06-23
Michael Pierse | Cambridge University Press eBooks

Genre

2025-06-23
Amanda Ann Klein | Routledge eBooks
Cynthia Chris | Routledge eBooks
A közleményben áttekintésre kerül a szemészet mint tudományág és klinikai diszciplína európai és magyar vonatkozású fejlődése, valamint a kiemelkedő nemzetközi és magyar szemorvosok hozzájárulása a szemészet fejlődéséhez. A 18–19. század … A közleményben áttekintésre kerül a szemészet mint tudományág és klinikai diszciplína európai és magyar vonatkozású fejlődése, valamint a kiemelkedő nemzetközi és magyar szemorvosok hozzájárulása a szemészet fejlődéséhez. A 18–19. század folyamán számos szemorvos lett a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia levelező, rendes vagy tiszteleti tagja. Munkásságuk legfontosabb eredményei szintén áttekintésre kerülnek a közleményben. A magyar szemészet elsőként önállósodott a sebészettől, és képes volt a világban történő fejlődést követni mind a betegellátás, mind a kutatás területén.
The Yellow River culture is a significant component of Chinese culture. Its translation and introduction can enhance the global influence of Chinese culture and facilitate cultural exchange and interaction worldwide. … The Yellow River culture is a significant component of Chinese culture. Its translation and introduction can enhance the global influence of Chinese culture and facilitate cultural exchange and interaction worldwide. This paper, based on The Yellow River Culture in the bilingual series of “Chinese Civilisation: Stories from Henan”, analyses the translator’s “topophilia” and translation strategies in the translation works related to the Yellow River culture from the perspective of Geo-translation Studies. Additionally, it explores how translators balance the dissemination of their native culture with the expectations of foreign readers during the translation process. This study aims to provide certain insights for the translation and introduction of the Yellow River culture and facilitate the global outreach of the Yellow River culture.
Domestication is a translation theory in which the source text (to be translated) is matched to the foreign reader by erasing its original linguistic and cultural difference. This match aims … Domestication is a translation theory in which the source text (to be translated) is matched to the foreign reader by erasing its original linguistic and cultural difference. This match aims at making the target text (translated text) more fluent. On the contrary, foreignization is a translation theory in which the foreign reader is matched to the source text. This paper mathematically explores the degree of domestication/foreignization in current translation practice of texts written in alphabetical languages. A geometrical representation of texts, based on linear combinations of deep–language parameters, allows us (a) to calculate a domestication index which measures how much domestication is applied to the source text and (b) to distinguish language families. An expansion index measures the relative spread around mean values. This paper reports statistics and results on translations of (a) Greek New Testament books in Latin and in 35 modern languages, belonging to diverse language families; and (b) English novels in Western languages. English and French, although attributed to different language families, mathematically almost coincide. The requirement of making the target text more fluent makes domestication, with varying degrees, universally adopted, so that a blind comparison of the same linguistic parameters of a text and its translation hardly indicates that they refer to each other.
Bu çalışmada Shakespeare’in “66. Sone”sinin Can Yücel ve Talât Sait Halman tarafından yapılan çevirileri ile İmru’ul-Kays’ın “Muallaka”sının Mehmet Hakkı Suçin tarafından yapılan çevirisi André Lefevere’in yedi çeviri stratejisi; Zaman, Mekân, … Bu çalışmada Shakespeare’in “66. Sone”sinin Can Yücel ve Talât Sait Halman tarafından yapılan çevirileri ile İmru’ul-Kays’ın “Muallaka”sının Mehmet Hakkı Suçin tarafından yapılan çevirisi André Lefevere’in yedi çeviri stratejisi; Zaman, Mekân, Gelenek’in (ZMG) de dahil olduğu “şiiriyet” parametreleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, şiir çevirisinde biçim ve içeriğin ayrılmaz bir bütün oluşturduğunu, ancak çevirmenlerin bu unsurlar arasında denge kurma noktasında farklı stratejiler izlediğini ortaya koymuştur. Lefevere’in söz konusu stratejileri açısından Can Yücel’in çevirisi, özgün metni serbest biçimde yeniden yorumlayan uyarlama (version) stratejisine dayanırken Talât Sait Halman’ın çevirisi, kaynak metnin biçimsel öğelerine daha fazla sadık kalmış, kısmen vezinli çeviri (metrical translation) ve büyük ölçüde kafiyeli çeviri (rhyme translation) özelliklerini taşıdığı görülmüştür. Mehmet Hakkı Suçin’in İmru’ul-Kays’ın “Muallaka”sı çevirisi ise, kısmen kafiyeli çeviri (rhyme translation) ve kısmen uyarlama (version) özelliğiyle şiirin biçim ve içerik düzlemleri arasında bir denge kurma çabası içinde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Gerek “66. Sone” çevirileri gerekse “Muallaka” çevirisinde farklı şiir çevirisi stratejileri kullanmalarına rağmen son tahlilde “şiiriyet”i sağladıkları anlaşılmıştır. İçerik dengesi, Zaman, Mekân ve Gelenek (ZMG) parametreleri, duyuş ve ahenk, iletişim değeri, şairane duyarlılık ve dilsel ve estetik denge bileşenlerinden oluşan “şiiriyet”, şiir çevirisinde yalnızca biçim ya da yalnızca içerik düzleminin yetersizliğini göstermek için şemsiye bir kavram olarak önerilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, Ökkeş Hengil ve Mehmet Şayir’in daha önce aynı konuda yayımladıkları çalışmanın sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmış, söz konusu çalışmanın metodoloji, terminoloji ve yorumlama açısından son derece ciddi hatalar ve eksiklikler içerdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Linguistic precision and cultural appropriateness are crucial in the translation of medical texts, particularly as globalization drives the dissemination of health information across diverse populations. This study investigates the major … Linguistic precision and cultural appropriateness are crucial in the translation of medical texts, particularly as globalization drives the dissemination of health information across diverse populations. This study investigates the major challenges and strategies involved in Chinese-English medical translation, with a specific focus on terminology, syntax, and the interplay between linguistic and cultural factors. Drawing on a corpus of translated medical texts, the research combines qualitative analysis with comparative translation evaluation to identify recurrent issues and effective solutions. The findings reveal that mistranslations often arise from lexical ambiguity, syntactic divergence, and insufficient cultural contextualization. Moreover, the translators subject-matter expertise and familiarity with target language conventions significantly impact translation quality. The study proposes a multi-dimensional approach integrating terminology standardization, functional equivalence, and genre-based strategies to enhance accuracy and readability in medical translation. These insights contribute to improving translation training and professional practice in the field of medical discourse. The implications of this study are particularly relevant for translation educators, practitioners, and policy-makers involved in health communication.
La retraducción es el proceso de traducir la totalidad o una parte de un texto que ya había sido previamente traducido. Así, se consigue adaptar una obra al mundo y … La retraducción es el proceso de traducir la totalidad o una parte de un texto que ya había sido previamente traducido. Así, se consigue adaptar una obra al mundo y a la sociedad contemporánea, creando una versión más natural y cercana. Esto es de especial relevancia en el caso del género dramático, pues el teatro hace uso de la oralidad en mayor medida que los otros géneros literarios. Escrita por Samuel Beckett, Esperando a Godot es una obra del Teatro del Absurdo que se estrenó en 1952. A pesar de que no ha pasado tanto tiempo desde su publicación, contamos con cinco traducciones al español, elaboradas entre 1953 y 1981. Este trabajo pretende comparar tres de esas cinco traducciones para evidenciar los cambios que existen entre las diferentes versiones y decidir sobre la necesidad de una nueva retraducción de este clásico de la literatura universal.
Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuasiexperimental en el que se observó el comportamiento de traductores en formación durante el proceso de traducción directa, inglés a español, de … Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuasiexperimental en el que se observó el comportamiento de traductores en formación durante el proceso de traducción directa, inglés a español, de dos textos distintos. La observación se centró en cuatro aspectos del proceso: los problemas, los recursos empleados para resolverlos, las decisiones y los criterios de toma de decisiones. La elección de estos parámetros se justificó sobre la base de la revisión bibliográfica realizada para el planteo de esta investigación y de los indicadores que surgieron del análisis preliminar de los datos. Participaron en este estudio 15 sujetos que tradujeron el material experimental en un contexto natural de trabajo. De la codificación de los datos emergieron una serie de indicadores y categorías que se combinaron para describir los perfiles de acción, perfiles de búsquedas y perfiles resolutorios a través de la comparación intrasujetos. La comparación entre niveles de formación permitió distinguir características distintivas de comportamientos, que podrían considerarse como indicadoras del grado de adquisición de las subcompetencias instrumental y estratégica de la competencia traductora.
Contemporary culture is characterized by the dominance of audiovisual factors. This has forced translation studies to broaden their vision of what texts are. This recontextualization has made it possible to … Contemporary culture is characterized by the dominance of audiovisual factors. This has forced translation studies to broaden their vision of what texts are. This recontextualization has made it possible to study multimodal and intersemiotic translations in depth. However, despite the proliferation of analyses of multimodal translations, we have not yet managed to standardize the theoretical foundations that allow us to study this phenomenon from translatology and, more specifically, to teach it in the classroom. Therefore, this article reflects on the need for multimodal literacy in translation studies. It also presents a reconceptualization of the notion of equivalence applied to multimodal translation analysis. The purpose of this is to legitimize the role of the translator in studying, teaching, and facilitating multimodal translations.
Publicada tardíamente en España, la recepción de Gertrude Stein fue variando durante los tres primeros cuartos del siglo xx. Si bien su primer libro traducido data de 1967, las referencias … Publicada tardíamente en España, la recepción de Gertrude Stein fue variando durante los tres primeros cuartos del siglo xx. Si bien su primer libro traducido data de 1967, las referencias a su figura en la prensa pueden rastrearse hasta la década de 1920 y son numerosas desde la de 1930. En este artículo se repasan las miradas que se dirigieron a la intelectual estadounidense desde las reseñas de The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas en el momento de su publicación en inglés (1933) hasta la aparición en España de sus primeras obras traducidas en el tardofranquismo y la transición, pasando por las múltiples menciones a su figura en alusión a facetas variadas, por ejemplo, como dinamizadora social del vanguardismo. Para ello, se examina un corpus de documentos diversos, que incluye un vaciado hemerográfico diacrónico, las propias obras traducidas, los informes de censura correspondientes y las antologías poéticas del período.
Este artículo pretende subrayar la naturaleza transformadora de la traducción y destacar su relevancia social y explorar cómo los estudios universitarios en traducción e interpretación necesitan realizar un “giro hacia … Este artículo pretende subrayar la naturaleza transformadora de la traducción y destacar su relevancia social y explorar cómo los estudios universitarios en traducción e interpretación necesitan realizar un “giro hacia el exterior” (Bassnett/Johnston 2019). Consideramos que, dentro del espacio académico y docente, este giro requiere de una apertura del aula, que permita un modelo pedagógico más proactivo y conectado con el entorno y contribuya a resignificar la traducción en los procesos de comunicación. En el marco del proyecto descrito en el artículo y desarrollado en el entorno de Wikipedia, confirmamos que la metodología aprendizaje-servicio está alineada con los postulados del “outward turn”, planteados por Bassnett y Johnston, y responde a sus mismos objetivos. Los resultados de nuestra investigación muestran que esta metodología constituye el marco pedagógico idóneo para reforzar el perfil competencial del estudiantado en relación a sus competencias traductoras y editoras, su pensamiento crítico y, sobre todo, a sus valores cívicos y a su compromiso social.
Neologisms are a key factor of science fiction and world building, and their proper translation is essential if the complexity of the genre, with its usually multi-layered plot, is to … Neologisms are a key factor of science fiction and world building, and their proper translation is essential if the complexity of the genre, with its usually multi-layered plot, is to be fully understood in the target language. However, the perception of science fiction and its characteristic futuristic, technological worlds may have changed in last decades due to the breakthroughs in technology and science experienced by societies all around the world. This study extracts the neologisms related to technical and scientific breakthroughs found in four English-written science fiction novels and in their translation and retranslations into Spanish, creates a contrastive corpus and analyses if the approach to their translation has evolved. The novels used are Brave New World (Aldous Huxley, 1932); Nineteen Eighty‑Four (George Orwell, 1949), Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury, 1953) and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (Philip K. Dick, 1968).
The allusions cited in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China involve profound cultural connotations and wisdom related to traditional Chinese culture, history, and philosophy. This study aims to explore the … The allusions cited in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China involve profound cultural connotations and wisdom related to traditional Chinese culture, history, and philosophy. This study aims to explore the English translation of these allusions in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China from the perspective of adaptation theory. By considering factors such as cultural differences, translation purposes, and dissemination effects, the adaptability of the translation work are enhanced. Maintaining the essence and emotional expression of the original allusions during the English translation process poses a challenge. Translators need to balance the original context and emotional nuances to ensure effective conveyance and reception of the allusions, thereby contributing to promoting Chinese culture globally and amplifying China’s voice. The process of adaptation involves various aspects, including contextual relation adaptation, linguistic structure adaptation, and dynamic adaptation. This study conducted a statistical analysis of allusions in the text and studied three major types of allusions: poetry, classics, and idioms, using case analysis. Guided by the Adaptation Theory, it adopts translation strategies such as domestication and foreignization, as well as translation methods like literal and free translation, to analyze the transmission of cultural connotations in the English translation of allusions. The application of Adaptation Theory in the English translation of allusions makes readers realize that translation is not only the transformation of language and text but also the transmission of culture. Through these strategies, translators can achieve adaptation in the English translation of allusions, maintaining the cultural connotation and linguistic characteristics of the original text, and enabling the translation to be well disseminated and accepted in the target language and culture.
Antony Hoyte-West | Translation Studies Theory and Practice
As a component of a larger project on translation awards, this article examines the presence of literary works originally written in Romanian in recent iterations of four prominent British prizes … As a component of a larger project on translation awards, this article examines the presence of literary works originally written in Romanian in recent iterations of four prominent British prizes for literary translation: the EBRD Literature Prize, the Warwick Prize for Women in Translation, the International Booker Prize, and the Oxford-Weidenfeld Prize. Noting that Romanian is the official language in both Romania and Moldova, the article opens by outlining the necessary linguistic, literary, and sociohistorical background, before moving to the British context by presenting the framework and scope regarding the four selected literary translation awards. After scrutinising the longlists, shortlists, and winners of the awards to determine the presence of translated Romanian-language works, the analysis is discussed and then briefly compared with some of the project’s other findings.
This paper primarily explores the concept of Untranslatability and how Translation Studies’ definition impacts its meaning and made it a nemesis of religious and poetic texts. The key significance of … This paper primarily explores the concept of Untranslatability and how Translation Studies’ definition impacts its meaning and made it a nemesis of religious and poetic texts. The key significance of this study is how untranslatability occurs at and beyond lexical levels. At lexical level, is discusses how the Quranic masculine singular pronoun “هو” in reference to the Islamic God is untranslatable due to the distinction both Arabic and English have. Whereas poetry is discussed beyond the lexical level to showcase the impossibility of rendering both sense and style from Arabic into English. The study discussion revealed that sacred scripters should never be translated but rather explained and that poetry is impossible to translate if the purpose is to maintain both style and meaning.
Advancements in computational tools, including neural machine translation (NMT) and large language models (LLMs), have revolutionized literary stylistics and opened new avenues in corpus-based translation studies (CBTS). Yet, the style … Advancements in computational tools, including neural machine translation (NMT) and large language models (LLMs), have revolutionized literary stylistics and opened new avenues in corpus-based translation studies (CBTS). Yet, the style of LLM-produced translations, especially in science fiction (SF) literature, remain understudied. This study examines stylistic variation across English translations of Chinese SF by translator Ken Liu and ChatGPT-4o. Thirteen works translated by both were compared using Multi-Dimensional analysis on key dimensions. Stylometric tests assessed within-translator and between-translator variations, and functional analysis interpreted the subordinate linguistic features. Findings reveal that Ken Liu adapts his style to each story’s depth, exhibiting greater variation, while GPT maintains a more consistent style. Ken Liu’s less narrative style enhances resonance through a minimalist approach, whereas GPT’s more narrative style offers clarity but may undermine thematic impact. The study contributes to CBTS by providing a methodological framework for comparing human and LLM translations in terms of style. It highlights a collaborative model that combines human creativity with LLM efficiency, necessitating continuous upskilling among students, educators, and practitioners to adapt to LLMs’ growing presence in translation. Ultimately, by exploring the intersection of linguistics, literature, and artificial intelligence, the study pushes the boundaries of translation studies and practices.
This paper deals with some atypical cases of translation, renderings whose authors were accomplished ethnographers and folklorists, collectors of oral lore, or storytellers. We will also refer to bilingual storytellers, … This paper deals with some atypical cases of translation, renderings whose authors were accomplished ethnographers and folklorists, collectors of oral lore, or storytellers. We will also refer to bilingual storytellers, reciting tales with equal fluency in two languages. The mentioned types of translators are characteristic of cultures that, alongside homeland storytelling, also have diasporic storytelling communities. Our study is primarily based on “Hazaran Blbul” (The Bird of a Thousand Voices), one of the most popular Armenian fairy tales. The chosen texts are not translations in the traditional sense; they are rendered from oral narratives. Some of the original texts are no longer available. Accordingly, we deal with unique cases with absent source texts.
William M. Hutchins | Translation Studies Theory and Practice
My essay argues that there have been important paradigm shifts for the translation of Arabic literature to English during the last century from Orientalist to Civilization Studies and to Modeling, … My essay argues that there have been important paradigm shifts for the translation of Arabic literature to English during the last century from Orientalist to Civilization Studies and to Modeling, for example.
Bu makalede İtalyan yazar Gianni Rodari’nin Favole al Telefono isimli kitabının Telefon Öyküleri başlığıyla Türkçeye çevirisi incelenmiştir. İtalyan çocuk edebiyatı sahasının önde gelen isimlerden olan Rodari’nin bu eserinde yetmiş masal … Bu makalede İtalyan yazar Gianni Rodari’nin Favole al Telefono isimli kitabının Telefon Öyküleri başlığıyla Türkçeye çevirisi incelenmiştir. İtalyan çocuk edebiyatı sahasının önde gelen isimlerden olan Rodari’nin bu eserinde yetmiş masal ve bir giriş yazısı bulunmaktadır. Bu eser farklı çevirmenler tarafından kitap olarak Türkçeye üç kez çevrilmiş ve farklı yayınevleri tarafından yayımlanmıştır. Kitaptaki masalların bazıları ise müstakil birer çocuk kitabı şeklinde çevrilip yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada incelenecek olan erek metin, kitabın Türkçeye yapılan ikinci çevirisidir. Telefon Öyküleri başlığıyla Üzeyir Gündüz’ün yaptığı bu çeviri, 2006 yılında Harf Eğitim Yayıncılığı tarafından basılmıştır. İncelenmek üzere bu eserin seçilme nedeni, üç çeviri kitap içerisinde kırk bir masal çevirisiyle en az masalın çevrildiği kitap olmasıdır. Çocuk edebiyatı çevirisi bağlamında çeviribilim araştırmacıları tarafından ortaya konan görüşler doğrultusunda bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda çevirmenin kaynak metindeki yetmiş masaldan yirmi dokuzunu çevirmediği ve çevirisini yaptığı masallarda da en çok başvurduğu çeviri stratejilerinin ekleme, çıkarma ve kültürel müdahale olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The “politeness principle” was coined even before Stephen Curtis Levinson established pragmatics as a linguistic academic field in the early 1980s. However, other relevant works concerning pragmatics were published as … The “politeness principle” was coined even before Stephen Curtis Levinson established pragmatics as a linguistic academic field in the early 1980s. However, other relevant works concerning pragmatics were published as early as the 1930s, for example, by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), Charles William Morris (1901-1979) and Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915-1975). On the other hand, there is a common knowledge that Brown & Levinson (1978; 1987) originated the idea of the politeness principle because of the importance of their linguistic politeness studies. Though the 1973 paper by Robin Tolmach Lakoff, “The logic of politeness: Or, minding your p’s and q’s,” can be considered the “birth certificate” of the politeness principle as a linguistic domain, it is often ignored even in specialized papers or books. Based on a 1967 work by Herbert Paul Grice (1913-1988) on the rules of conversation, an as yet unpublished manuscript, Lakoff (1973) summed up the politeness expressions into three rules. Nevertheless, the grammarians and linguists of Asian languages were always particularly interested in describing their relevant expressions and address forms. In 1944, Hsien Chin Hu (Columbia University, New York City) published a pioneering paper concerning “The Chinese Concepts of ‘Face’,” anticipating by 11 years the theory of face in Erving Goffman’s paper “On Face-Work; An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction”. 17th-century European grammarians and lexicographers of the Japanese and Vietnamese languages had also aimed to describe the linguistic social relationships’ regulations. In this paper, we study the approaches which three early European grammarians and lexicographers developed to account for the politeness principle in Japanese and Vietnamese in the 17th century, namely João Rodrigues ‘Tçuzu’, S. J. (1562-1633), Diego Collado, O.P. (late 16th century-1638) and Alexandre de Rhodes, S. J. (1593-1660), and their contribution to present-day linguistics.