Engineering › Mechanical Engineering

Cellular and Composite Structures

Works Count: 29186

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the manufacture, characterization, and application of cellular metals and metal foams, including topics such as mechanical metamaterials, additive manufacturing, porous metals for biomedical implants, auxetic materials, and energy absorption. The research covers a wide range of mechanical properties and structural performance of these materials.

Keywords

Cellular Metals; Metal Foams; Mechanical Metamaterials; Additive Manufacturing; Porous Metals; Auxetic Materials; Biomedical Implants; Mechanical Properties; Energy Absorption; Structural Performance

Resilient 3D hierarchical architected metamaterials

2015-09-01

Lucas R. Meza , Alex J. Zelhofer , Nigel J. Clarke +3 more

Significance Fractal-like architectures exist in natural materials, like shells and bone, and have drawn considerable interest because of their mechanical robustness and damage tolerance. Developing hierarchically designed metamaterials remains a … Significance Fractal-like architectures exist in natural materials, like shells and bone, and have drawn considerable interest because of their mechanical robustness and damage tolerance. Developing hierarchically designed metamaterials remains a highly sought after task impaired mainly by limitations in fabrication techniques. We created 3D hierarchical nanolattices with individual beams comprised of multiple self-similar unit cells spanning length scales over four orders of magnitude in fractal-like geometries. We show, through a combination of experiments and computations, that introducing hierarchy into the architecture of 3D structural metamaterials enables the attainment of a unique combination of properties: ultralightweight, recoverability, and a near-linear scaling of stiffness and strength with density.

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Negative Poisson's Ratio Behavior Induced by an Elastic Instability

2009-09-03

Katia Bertoldi , Pedro M. Reis , Stephen Willshaw +1 more

Negative Poisson's ratio behavior has been uncovered in cellular solids that comprise a solid matrix with a square array of circular voids. The simplicity of the fabrication implies robust behavior, … Negative Poisson's ratio behavior has been uncovered in cellular solids that comprise a solid matrix with a square array of circular voids. The simplicity of the fabrication implies robust behavior, which is relevant over a range of scales. The behavior results from an elastic instability, which induces a pattern transformation and excellent quantitative agreement is found between calculation and experiment.

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The topological design of multifunctional cellular metals

2001-01-01

A.G. Evans , John W. Hutchinson , N.A. Fleck +2 more

Auxetic Materials: Functional Materials and Structures from Lateral Thinking!

2000-05-01

K. E. Evans , Andrew Alderson

Materials that become thicker when stretched and thinner when compressed are the subject of this review. The theory behind the counterintuitive behavior of these so-called auxetic materials is discussed, and … Materials that become thicker when stretched and thinner when compressed are the subject of this review. The theory behind the counterintuitive behavior of these so-called auxetic materials is discussed, and examples and applications are examined. For example, blood vessels made from an auxetic material will tend to increase in wall thickness (rather than decrease) in response to a pulse of blood, thus preventing rupture of the vessel (see Figure).

Metal foams: a design guide

2002-02-01

Michael F. Ashby , Anthony Evans , N.A. Fleck +3 more

Experimental and numerical studies of foam-filled sections

2000-05-01

Sigit Puji Santosa , Tomasz Wierzbicki , A.G. Hanssen +1 more

Biomechanics of cellular solids

2004-12-28

Lorna J. Gibson

Manufacture, characterisation and application of cellular metals and metal foams

2001-01-01

John Banhart

Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes

1984-01-01

Wl̸odzimierz Abramowicz , Norman Jones

Dynamic progressive buckling of circular and square tubes

1986-01-01

W. Abramowicz , Norman Jones

Optimal design and fabrication of scaffolds to mimic tissue properties and satisfy biological constraints

2002-10-01

Scott J. Hollister , Rosanna Maddox , Juan M. Taboas

Multifunctional periodic cellular metals

2005-12-02

H.N.G. Wadley

Periodic cellular metals with honeycomb and corrugated topologies are widely used for the cores of light weight sandwich panel structures. Honeycombs have closed cell pores and are well suited for … Periodic cellular metals with honeycomb and corrugated topologies are widely used for the cores of light weight sandwich panel structures. Honeycombs have closed cell pores and are well suited for thermal protection while also providing efficient load support. Corrugated core structures provide less efficient and highly anisotropic load support, but enable cross flow heat exchange opportunities because their pores are continuous in one direction. Recent advances in topology design and fabrication have led to the emergence of lattice truss structures with open cell structures. These three classes of periodic cellular metals can now be fabricated from a wide variety of structural alloys. Many topologies are found to provide adequate stiffness and strength for structural load support when configured as the cores of sandwich panels. Sandwich panels with core relative densities of 2–10% and cell sizes in the millimetre range are being assessed for use as multifunctional structures. The open, three-dimensional interconnected pore networks of lattice truss topologies provide opportunities for simultaneously supporting high stresses while also enabling cross flow heat exchange. These highly compressible structures also provide opportunities for the mitigation of high intensity dynamic loads created by impacts and shock waves in air or water. By filling the voids with polymers and hard ceramics, these structures have also been found to offer significant resistance to penetration by projectiles.

Collapsible impact energy absorbers: an overview

2001-02-01

Abdulmalik A. Alghamdi

Ultralight, ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials

2014-06-20

Xiaoyu Zheng , Howon Lee , Todd H. Weisgraber +7 more

Microlattices make marvelous materials Framework or lattice structures can be remarkably strong despite their very low density. Using a very precise technique known as projection microstereolithography, Zheng et al. fabricated … Microlattices make marvelous materials Framework or lattice structures can be remarkably strong despite their very low density. Using a very precise technique known as projection microstereolithography, Zheng et al. fabricated octet microlattices from polymers, metals, and ceramics. The design of the lattices meant that the individual struts making up the materials did not bend under pressure. The materials were therefore exceptionally stiff, strong, and lightweight. Science , this issue p. 1373

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The mechanical properties of cellular solids

1983-09-01

Michael F. Ashby , R. F. Mehl Medalist

Properties of a chiral honeycomb with a poisson's ratio of — 1

1997-03-01

D. Prall , Roderic S. Lakes

3D Soft Metamaterials with Negative Poisson's Ratio

2013-07-22

Sahab Babaee , Jongmin Shim , James C. Weaver +3 more

Buckling is exploited to design a new class of three-dimensional metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratio. A library of auxetic building blocks is identified and procedures are defined to guide their … Buckling is exploited to design a new class of three-dimensional metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratio. A library of auxetic building blocks is identified and procedures are defined to guide their selection and assembly. The auxetic properties of these materials are demonstrated both through experiments and finite element simulations and exhibit excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement.

<i>Metal Foams: A Design Guide</i>

2001-11-01

MF Ashby , A.G. Evans , NA Fleck +4 more

11R27. Metal Foams: A Design Guide. - MF Ashby (Eng Dept, Centre for Micromech, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK), A Evans (Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton Univ, 70 Prospect … 11R27. Metal Foams: A Design Guide. - MF Ashby (Eng Dept, Centre for Micromech, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK), A Evans (Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton Univ, 70 Prospect Ave, Bowen Hall, Princeton NJ 08540), NA Fleck (Eng Dept, Centre for Micromech, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK), LJ Gibson (Dept of Mat Sci and Eng, MIT, Cambridge, MA), JW Hutchinson (Div of Eng and Appl Sci, Harvard Univ, Oxford St, Cambridge MA 02138), HNG Wadley (Dept of Mat Sci and Eng, Sch of Eng and Appl Sci, Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22903). Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn MA. 2000. 251 pp. ISBN 0-7506-7219-6. $75.00. Reviewed by F Delale (Dept of Mech Eng, CCNY, 138th St and Convent Ave, New York NY 10031).Metal foams are a new class of materials with application potential in many areas, especially in the design of lightweight structures. The publication of this book is a timely contribution given the current interest of developing lightweight structures for defense as well as commercial applications. The book is a collaborative effort with contributions from many prominent researchers. It consists of 19 chapters, an Appendix, and an Index. It is a concise treatise in that all this material fits in 251 pages.In the first introductory chapter, metal foams are defined and their potential applications discussed. The next three chapters deal with the making of metal foams, the methods used to characterize them, and the current knowledge about their properties. The authors then proceed to discuss design formulas for simple structures made of metal foams. In the second chapter, a constitutive model for metal foams is presented. The next seven chapters discuss design with metal foams in various applications and under different loading conditions, namely: fatigue, creep, sandwich structures, packaging and blast protection, sound absorption and vibration suppression, and thermal and electrical applications. The cutting, finishing, and joining of foam metals is the subject of the ensuing chapter. In Chapter 17, several case studies are presented. Finally, the book concludes with a listing of metal foam suppliers and of websites related to the subject. As this description indicates, after a brief introduction on the behavior of metal foams, the book is totally dedicated to designing with metal foams. One distinction of this book is that it deals not only with design under mechanical loads, but also with design methodology for other types of loading conditions and phenomena, such as: fatigue, creep, thermal management, sound and vibration, blast protection, etc. The level of mathematics is intentionally kept low to cater to a wider audience. The book is geared toward the practicing engineer, and in that respect, succeeds in fulfilling that goal. Metal Foams: A Design Guide is a worthy addition to the engineering literature, and it is recommended that libraries carry a copy.

Molecular network design

1991-09-01

K. E. Evans , M. A. Nkansah , Ishion Hutchinson +1 more

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Auxetic polymers: a new range of materials

1991-01-01

Ken E. Evans

Ultralight Metallic Microlattices

2011-11-17

Tobias A. Schaedler , A. J. Jacobsen , Anna Torrents +5 more

Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on … Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on periodic hollow-tube microlattices. These materials are fabricated by starting with a template formed by self-propagating photopolymer waveguide prototyping, coating the template by electroless nickel plating, and subsequently etching away the template. The resulting metallic microlattices exhibit densities ρ ≥ 0.9 milligram per cubic centimeter, complete recovery after compression exceeding 50% strain, and energy absorption similar to elastomers. Young's modulus E scales with density as E ~ ρ(2), in contrast to the E ~ ρ(3) scaling observed for ultralight aerogels and carbon nanotube foams with stochastic architecture. We attribute these properties to structural hierarchy at the nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales.

Designing hybrid materials

2003-10-11

Michael F. Ashby , Yves Bréchet

The properties of foams and lattices

2005-11-29

M. F. Ashby

Man and nature both exploit the remarkable properties of cellular solids, by which we mean foams, meshes and microlattices. To the non-scientist, their image is that of soft, compliant, things: … Man and nature both exploit the remarkable properties of cellular solids, by which we mean foams, meshes and microlattices. To the non-scientist, their image is that of soft, compliant, things: cushions, packaging and padding. To the food scientist they are familiar as bread, cake and desserts of the best kind: meringue, mousse and sponge. To those who study nature they are the structural materials of their subject: wood, coral, cancellous bone. And to the engineer they are of vast importance in building lightweight structures, for energy management, for thermal insulation, filtration and much more. When a solid is converted into a material with a foam-like structure, the single-valued properties of the solid are extended. By properties we mean stiffness, strength, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, electrical resistivity and so forth. And the extension is vast—the properties can be changed by a factor of 1000 or more. Perhaps the most important concept in analysing the mechanical behaviour is that of the distinction between a stretch - and a bending -dominated structure. The first is exceptionally stiff and strong for a given mass; the second is compliant and, although not strong, it absorbs energy well when compressed. This paper summarizes a little of the way in which the mechanical properties of cellular solids are analysed and illustrates the range of properties offered by alternative configurations.

3D‐Printing of Lightweight Cellular Composites

2014-06-18

Brett G. Compton , Jennifer A. Lewis

A new epoxy-based ink is reported, which enables 3D printing of lightweight cellular composites with controlled alignment of multiscale, high-aspectratio fiber reinforcement to create hierarchical structures inspired by balsa wood. … A new epoxy-based ink is reported, which enables 3D printing of lightweight cellular composites with controlled alignment of multiscale, high-aspectratio fiber reinforcement to create hierarchical structures inspired by balsa wood. Young's modulus values up to 10 times higher than existing commercially available 3D-printed polymers are attainable, while comparable strength values are maintained.

Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material

2001-08-01

V.S. Deshpande , N.A. Fleck , Michael F. Ashby

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Multifunctionality of cellular metal systems

1998-07-01

A.G. Evans , J.W. Hutchinson , Michael F. Ashby

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Micro-architectured materials: past, present and future

2010-06-30

N.A. Fleck , V.S. Deshpande , Michael F. Ashby

Micro-architectured materials offer the opportunity of obtaining unique combinations of material properties. First, a historical perspective is given to the expansion of material property space by the introduction of new … Micro-architectured materials offer the opportunity of obtaining unique combinations of material properties. First, a historical perspective is given to the expansion of material property space by the introduction of new alloys and new microstructures. Principles of design of micro-architecture are then given and the role of nodal connectivity is emphasized for monoscale and multi-scale microstructures. The stiffness, strength and damage tolerance of lattice materials are reviewed and compared with those of fully dense solids. It is demonstrated that micro-architectured materials are able to occupy regions of material property space (such as high stiffness, strength and fracture toughness at low density) that were hitherto empty. Some challenges for the development of future materials are highlighted.

Foam topology: bending versus stretching dominated architectures

2001-04-01

V.S. Deshpande , M. F. Ashby , NA Fleck

Models for the elastic deformation of honeycombs

1996-08-01

Iain Masters , K. Evans

Fabrication and structural performance of periodic cellular metal sandwich structures

2003-09-12

H.N.G. Wadley

Poisson's ratio and modern materials

2011-10-24

G. N. Greaves , A.L. Greer , Roderic S. Lakes +1 more

Characterization of polymeric structural foams under compressive impact loading by means of energy-absorption diagram

2001-05-01

Massimiliano Avalle , Giovanni Belingardi , Roberto Montanini

Architected Cellular Materials

2016-05-05

Tobias A. Schaedler , William B. Carter

Additive manufacturing enables fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architecture, whereby progress in 3D printing techniques is increasing the possible configurations of voids and solids ad infinitum. Examples are microlattices … Additive manufacturing enables fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architecture, whereby progress in 3D printing techniques is increasing the possible configurations of voids and solids ad infinitum. Examples are microlattices with graded porosity and truss structures optimized for specific loading conditions. The cellular architecture determines the mechanical properties and density of these materials and can influence a wide range of other properties, e.g., acoustic, thermal, and biological properties. By combining optimized cellular architectures with high-performance metals and ceramics, several lightweight materials that exhibit strength and stiffness previously unachievable at low densities were recently demonstrated. This review introduces the field of architected materials; summarizes the most common fabrication methods, with an emphasis on additive manufacturing; and discusses recent progress in the development of architected materials. The review also discusses important applications, including lightweight structures, energy absorption, metamaterials, thermal management, and bioscaffolds.

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Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: A review

2016-01-06

Xiaojian Wang , Shanqing Xu , Shiwei Zhou +6 more

Additively-manufactured metallic micro-lattice materials for high specific energy absorption under static and dynamic loading

2016-06-18

Thomas Tancogne‐Dejean , Adriaan B. Spierings , Dirk Mohr

Cellular Ceramics

2005-05-09

Michael Scheffler , Paolo Colombo

Foreword by David J. Green. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Cellular Solids - Scaling of Properties. 1.2 Liquid Foams - Precursors for Solid Foams. 2 Manufacturing. 2.1 Ceramic Foams. 2.2 Honeycombs. … Foreword by David J. Green. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Cellular Solids - Scaling of Properties. 1.2 Liquid Foams - Precursors for Solid Foams. 2 Manufacturing. 2.1 Ceramic Foams. 2.2 Honeycombs. 2.3 3D Periodic Strutures. 2.4 Connected Fibers: Fiber Felts and Mats. 2.5 Microcellular Ceramics from Wood. 2.6 Carbon Foams. 2.7 Glass Foams. 2.8 Hollow Spheres. 2.9 Cellular Concrete. 3 Structure. 3.1 Characterization of Structure and Morphology. 3.2 Modelling Structure-Property Relationships in Random Cellular Material. 4 Properties. 4.1 Mechanical Properties. 4.2 Permeability. 4.3 Thermal Properties. 4.4 Electrical Properties. 4.5 Acoustic Properties. 5 Applications. 5.1 Liquid Metal Filtration. 5.2 Gas (Particulate) Filtration. 5.3 Kiln Furnitures. 5.4 Heterogeneously Catalysed Processes with Porous Cellular Ceramic Monoliths. 5.5 Porous Burners. 5.6 Acoustic Transfer in Ceramic Surfac Burners. 5.6 Solar Radiation Conversion. 5.7 Biomedical Applications: Tissue Engineering. 5.9 Interpenetrating Composites. 5.10 Porous Media in Internal Combustion Engines. 5.11 Other Developments and Special Applications. Concluding Remarks.

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials

2017-01-01

H.M.A. Kolken , Amir A. Zadpoor

We review the topology–property relationship and the spread of Young's modulus–Poisson's ratio duos in three main classes of auxetic metamaterials. We review the topology–property relationship and the spread of Young's modulus–Poisson's ratio duos in three main classes of auxetic metamaterials.

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Mechanical metamaterials at the theoretical limit of isotropic elastic stiffness

2017-02-16

Jonathan B. Berger , H.N.G. Wadley , Robert M. McMeeking

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Cellular solids: Structure and properties

1990-02-01

Michael P. Wolcott

Topology-mechanical property relationship of 3D printed strut, skeletal, and sheet based periodic metallic cellular materials

2017-12-17

Oraib Al‐Ketan , Reza Rowshan , Rashid K. Abu Al‐Rub

Mechanical metamaterials associated with stiffness, rigidity and compressibility: A brief review

2017-12-21

Xianglong Yu , Ji Zhou , Haiyi Liang +2 more

Auxetic metamaterials and structures: a review

2018-01-09

Xin Ren , Raj Das , Phuong Tran +2 more

Materials and structures with negative Poisson's ratio exhibit a counter-intuitive behaviour. Under uniaxial compression (tension), these materials and structures contract (expand) transversely. The materials and structures that possess this feature … Materials and structures with negative Poisson's ratio exhibit a counter-intuitive behaviour. Under uniaxial compression (tension), these materials and structures contract (expand) transversely. The materials and structures that possess this feature are also termed as 'auxetics'. Many desirable properties resulting from this uncommon behaviour are reported. These superior properties offer auxetics broad potential applications in the fields of smart filters, sensors, medical devices and protective equipment. However, there are still challenging problems which impede a wider application of auxetic materials. This review paper mainly focuses on the relationships among structures, materials, properties and applications of auxetic metamaterials and structures. The previous works of auxetics are extensively reviewed, including different auxetic cellular models, naturally observed auxetic behaviour, different desirable properties of auxetics, and potential applications. In particular, metallic auxetic materials and a methodology for generating 3D metallic auxetic materials are reviewed in details. Although most of the literature mentions that auxetic materials possess superior properties, very few types of auxetic materials have been fabricated and implemented for practical applications. Here, the challenges and future work on the topic of auxetics are also presented to inspire prospective research work. This review article covers the most recent progress of auxetic metamaterials and auxetic structures. More importantly, several drawbacks of auxetics are also presented to caution researchers in the future study.

Energy absorption characteristics of metallic triply periodic minimal surface sheet structures under compressive loading

2018-08-04

Lei Zhang , S. Feih , Stephen Daynes +4 more

Mechanical Metamaterials and Their Engineering Applications

2019-01-04

James Utama Surjadi , Libo Gao , Huifeng Du +4 more

In the past decade, mechanical metamaterials have garnered increasing attention owing to its novel design principles which combine the concept of hierarchical architecture with material size effects at micro/nanoscale. This … In the past decade, mechanical metamaterials have garnered increasing attention owing to its novel design principles which combine the concept of hierarchical architecture with material size effects at micro/nanoscale. This strategy is demonstrated to exhibit superior mechanical performance that allows us to colonize unexplored regions in the material property space, including ultrahigh strength‐to‐density ratios, extraordinary resilience, and energy absorption capabilities with brittle constituents. In the recent years, metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical behaviors such as negative Poisson's ratio, twisting under uniaxial forces, and negative thermal expansion are also realized. This paves a new pathway for a wide variety of multifunctional applications, for example, in energy storage, biomedical, acoustics, photonics, and thermal management. Herein, the fundamental scientific theories behind this class of novel metamaterials, along with their fabrication techniques and potential engineering applications beyond mechanics are reviewed. Explored examples include the recent progresses for both mechanical and functional applications. Finally, the current challenges and future developments in this emerging field is discussed as well.

SLM lattice structures: Properties, performance, applications and challenges

2019-08-19

Tobias Maconachie , Martin Leary , Bill Lozanovski +4 more

Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has enabled development of lattice structures with unique properties. Through control of various parameters lattice structures can produce unique mechanical, electrical, thermal … Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has enabled development of lattice structures with unique properties. Through control of various parameters lattice structures can produce unique mechanical, electrical, thermal and acoustic properties, and have received much research attention. Despite the increasing volume of published data on the mechanical response of specific SLM lattice structures, there exists no overarching analysis. This work addresses this identified deficiency by providing a comprehensive summary of the experimental data reported on the mechanical response of SLM lattice structures. The design, fabrication and performance of SLM lattice structures are reviewed and the quality of data reported is analysed to inform best-practice for future studies. This comprehensive data summary enables meta-analysis of the reported mechanical performance of SLM lattice structures, providing insight into the bounds of their technical capabilities. Correlations were identified between the relative density and mechanical properties of many unit cell topologies consistent with the predictions of the Gibson-Ashby model, indicating its usefulness in describing and predicting the behaviour of SLM lattice structures. This review provides designers with a compiled resource of experimental data and design for AM tools to inform future design applications of SLM lattice structures and facilitates their further commercial adoption.

The mechanics of two-dimensional cellular materials

1982-07-08

L.J. Gibson , Michael F. Ashby , G. S. Schajer +1 more

The mechanical properties (linear and nonlinear elastic and plastic) of two-dimensional cellular materials, or honeycombs, are analysed and compared with experiments. The properties are well described in terms of the … The mechanical properties (linear and nonlinear elastic and plastic) of two-dimensional cellular materials, or honeycombs, are analysed and compared with experiments. The properties are well described in terms of the bending, elastic buckling and plastic collapse of the beams that make up the cell walls.

Bioinspired engineering of honeycomb structure – Using nature to inspire human innovation

2015-07-07

Qiancheng Zhang , Xiaohu Yang , Peng Li +7 more

Aeroelastic stability and optimum design of composite sandwich beam with hexagonal honeycomb MRE core

2025-06-24

Naresh Jonna , J. Srinivas | Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines

Inverse design of self-rotating dual-platform biomimetic mechanical metamaterials via additive manufacturing

2025-06-24

Xiang Ni , Qing Zhang , Zhen Peng +4 more | Engineering Structures

Polymer composite-based turbine in wind energy harvesting

2025-06-23

Eris Elianddy Supeni , Azizan As’arry , Haider Jaafar Chilabi | Physical Sciences Reviews

Abstract This study explores the development and optimization of polymer composite-based wind turbine blades, integrating glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) with shape memory alloy (SMA) to enhance performance in wind … Abstract This study explores the development and optimization of polymer composite-based wind turbine blades, integrating glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) with shape memory alloy (SMA) to enhance performance in wind energy harvesting. Advances in materials science, aerodynamics, computational modelling, and structural analysis have been leveraged to improve blade efficiency, durability, and self-adaptive capabilities. The research employs finite element analysis (FEA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of composite blades under varying loads. A graded beam model was developed to assess the effects of ply drop-off and material distribution on structural integrity. Experimental validation confirmed that SMA integration enhances blade deformation recovery, mitigating stress accumulation and improving aerodynamic stability. The results demonstrate that GFRP-SMA blades achieve a performance coefficient approaching the Betz limit (0.5923), reducing deflections and improving load response. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in optimizing SMA wire placement, adhesion, and actuation efficiency. Future work should focus on refining material interfaces, developing adaptive control mechanisms, and validating the model in full-scale wind turbine applications. This study contributes to the next-generation smart wind turbine blade design, addressing structural limitations while enhancing energy efficiency and operational resilience.

Experimental and numerical investigations of additively manufactured bioinspired re-entrant honeycomb and hourglass auxetic structures under quasi-static loading

2025-06-23

G. Sakthi Balan , S. Aravind Raj , Prateek Yash +1 more | Functional Composites and Structures

Abstract This study examines the mechanical properties of auxetic structures, with particular emphasis on bio-inspired designs: re-entrant honeycomb (REH) and hourglass structures (HGS). This study modifies the original design through … Abstract This study examines the mechanical properties of auxetic structures, with particular emphasis on bio-inspired designs: re-entrant honeycomb (REH) and hourglass structures (HGS). This study modifies the original design through the application of inside edge filleting and investigates the dynamic response of the modified structures subjected to in-plane compressive loads. Experimental processes encompass tensile and compression testing. Both REH and HGS structures are produced additively via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and subjected to quasi-static compression. This study employs a combination of experimental methods and numerical simulations, utilizing ABAQUS software for validation of experimental data. The primary parameters examined are wall thickness and fillet geometry. Type A structures denote standard hourglass structure designs that are unmodified, whereas type B structures incorporate filleted edges. Similarly, Type C structures represent standard re-entrant honeycomb designs without modifications, and Type D structures incorporate inside edge filleting. The analysis focuses on compression stages, deformation characteristics, load displacement behavior, Poisson's Ratio, and Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). Results indicate that type A structures demonstrate predominant SEA behavior, attaining a value of 4.52 kJ/kg. The introduction of fillets in type B structures leads to a notable reduction of 51.7% in SEA, indicating a detrimental effect on auxetic performance due to the attenuation of rotational effects relative to type A. Results for Type C structures indicate an SEA value of 3.98 kJ/kg, with filleting in Type D structures causing a notable reduction of 51.26%.Young’s modulus exhibited a deviation percentage of 6.82% between the experimental and simulation results, while the deviations for yield strength and ultimate tensile strength remained below 5%.

Quantifying the Relationship between Structure and Yield Stress in the Evolution of Aluminum Foam

2025-06-22

Wei Zhao , Siyuan He , Mingqiang Wei +5 more | Advanced Engineering Materials

This study explores an extension of the scaling law to enhance the prediction accuracy of yield stresses in aluminum foam. To complete that, the series of aluminum foam samples are … This study explores an extension of the scaling law to enhance the prediction accuracy of yield stresses in aluminum foam. To complete that, the series of aluminum foam samples are prepared via the melt foaming method with different holding periods. After that, the porous structure information is obtained in terms of X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning. During the sample preparation process, the pore structure undergoes a “merging point,” where the numerous small pores transition to large pores with reduced sphericity. The incorporation of additional five parameters (relative density, diameter, solid material thickness, anisotropy, and sphericity) into the expanded law of proportions significantly improves the residual value R 2 of the predicted results, increasing from 0.7251 in the Gibson–Ashby equation to 0.8926. Additionally, after eliminating redundant parameters through stepwise linear regression, the simplified equation still achieves a residual value R 2 of 0.8699. The remaining structural parameters, including porosity, sphericity, solid material thickness, and anisotropy, independently are found to have an influence on the yield stress through covariance analysis. By correlating these processes, it is expected that the mechanical properties of aluminum foam can be precisely regulated by adjusting the parameters.

Fracture behavior and enhancement of crash cushion with bolted reinforced honeycomb under large deformation

2025-06-21

Runzhi Lu , Juncheng Zeng , Chengbo Cui +5 more | Engineering Structures

Study on crashworthiness and optimization of bionic hierarchical tubes inspired by spider web

2025-06-21

Jiangfan Zhang , Tao Wang , Changfang Zhao +5 more | Alexandria Engineering Journal

Crushing behavior of bio-inspired self-similar hierarchical multi-cell tubes under axial loading

2025-06-21

Chao Gong , Qi Chong , Yu Liu +2 more | Structures

Investigation of energy absorption characteristics of corrugated multi-cell structures under axial compression

2025-06-20

Huanhuan Niu , Zhiqiang Li , Shaoying Zhang +3 more | International Journal of Applied Mechanics

A novel hybrid intersecting spherical shell mechanical metamaterial

2025-06-19

Yifan Zhu , Ahmad Shawki Charkieh , Arnaud De Coster +1 more | Composite Structures

Dynamic response and fracture mode of aluminum foam sandwich structures with pre-cracked defects subjected to underwater impulsive loading

2025-06-19

Zhenqian Wei , Rong Jili , H. Wei | Ships and Offshore Structures

Construction of Isotropy-Enhanced Honeycomb and Its Deformation Behaviors in Multi-Directions

2025-06-19

Jun-Yuan Zheng , Guangdong Tian | Polymers

Honeycomb structures are widely constructed as cores in sandwich panels with lightweight characteristics and excellent out-of-plane properties. However, their in-plane performances are significantly inferior. This research proposed a novel isotropy-enhanced … Honeycomb structures are widely constructed as cores in sandwich panels with lightweight characteristics and excellent out-of-plane properties. However, their in-plane performances are significantly inferior. This research proposed a novel isotropy-enhanced honeycomb (IEH) with interleaved layers, which is constructed by offsetting the initial seed distributions across layers and then generating hexagonal cells via Voronoi tessellation. Numerical models with three layer-to-layer interval gradients were developed for simulations, and corresponding samples were additively manufactured for experimental validations. The in-plane and out-of-plane performances of IEH and the regular hexagonal honeycombs (RHHs) were comprehensively compared and investigated from quasi-static compression, energy absorption, mechanical properties, and dynamic loading. The results demonstrated that the IEH extremely enhances the in-plane properties by around 500% compared to the RHH, including stiffness, strength, plateau stress, and specific energy absorption (SEA). Although the improvements come at the expense of a partial reduction in out-of-plane stiffness, strength, and SEA, the in-plane performances of IEH reach approximately 70% of their out-of-plane performances, greatly improving the structural isotropy. Introducing layer-to-layer interval gradient leads to a slight reduction in out-of-plane mechanical properties while improving the early-stage deceleration under impact. These findings promote the considerable potential of sandwich panels utilizing IEH cores for applications requiring enhanced resistance to multi-directional impacts.

Experimental and numerical study on steel–concrete–gradient aluminum foam energy absorbing panels subjected to impact load

2025-06-19

Junyi Chen , Yonghui Wang , Huanan Xu +1 more | Structures

Low-Velocity Impact Response of Novel TPMS and Stochastic Lattice Cores of Sandwich Structures

2025-06-18

Alexandru Vasile , Dan Mihai Constantinescu , Iulian Constantin Coropețchi +2 more | Materials

This study explores the mechanical performance of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and stochastic lattice structures subjected to low-velocity impact. Two structurally promising geometries-one TPMS-based and one stochastic-were tested and … This study explores the mechanical performance of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and stochastic lattice structures subjected to low-velocity impact. Two structurally promising geometries-one TPMS-based and one stochastic-were tested and compared with the well-established gyroid. Specimens were fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and subjected to impact energies of 30 J and 40 J to assess the structural response and energy absorption capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed TPMS structure exhibits higher impact forces compared with the gyroid, which are associated with significant impactor displacement and deep indentation. These samples demonstrated extensive damage, with cracking propagating through the entire core at higher energies, highlighting their susceptibility to structural failure despite their high initial strength. On the contrary, the stochastic structures allowed localized deformation in the impacted region, thus successfully avoiding catastrophic failure. The impact force efficiency was higher for both gyroid and stochastic geometries, with values ranging between 0.6 and 0.7, indicating effective energy absorption with reduced internal stress gradients. Furthermore, the evaluation of damping performance showed that most structures displayed high damping, as minimal energy was transferred back to the impactor. This work highlights the feasibility and functional versatility of TPMS and stochastic geometries for use in impact mitigation, vibration control, and related engineering applications.

Hybrid-honeycomb structures with hexagonal and auxetic cells for dual-tailorable Poisson’s ratio and stiffness

2025-06-18

Wei Li , Honghong Zhao , Yifeng Zhong +2 more | Materials Today Communications

Critical Twisting of Domestic Aluminum-Oxide Ceramic Threads

2025-06-18

А. В. Медведев , K. É. Razumeev | Fibre Chemistry

Enhancing buckling capacity of multi-axially loaded thin sandwich plates using semi-auxetic construction: a concise formula

2025-06-18

Seyed-Younes Hosseini-Akhgar , Alireza Jahanpour | Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering

Energy Absorption Characteristics of a Novel Hierarchical Auxetic Star-shaped Honeycomb

2025-06-18

K. C. Mo , Fucong Lu , Chuanbiao Zhang +4 more | Thin-Walled Structures

Enhanced Bending Performance of Assembly honeycomb structure Sandwich Panels: Effects of Core Configuration and Local Reinforcement

2025-06-18

B.L. Wang , Yuanyuan Wei , Shaoqing Yuan +2 more | Thin-Walled Structures

Modelling the impact-damage behaviour of composite sandwich panels with functionally-graded TPMS-latticed cores

2025-06-18

Chukwugozie J. Ejeh , Imad Barsoum , W.J. Cantwell +1 more | International Journal of Solids and Structures

Dynamic Behavior of Advanced Materials and Structures

2025-06-18

Weidong Song , Hua Chen | Materials

Following the rise in applications of materials and structures in complex environments, such as high-speed impacts and explosions, research on the dynamic response of materials and structures is becoming increasingly … Following the rise in applications of materials and structures in complex environments, such as high-speed impacts and explosions, research on the dynamic response of materials and structures is becoming increasingly important [...].

Additive manufacturing of topology optimized multi-functional cellular framework for enhanced energy absorption

2025-06-18

Shruti Gupta , R Gnanamoorthy , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian | Progress in Additive Manufacturing

A novel approach to the co-optimized design of lightweight and crashworthiness for CFRP automotive front crash beam

2025-06-18

Tiandong Gao , Xuan Zhou , Jiangqi Long | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering

Complex engineering multi-objective optimization problems that utilize high-fidelity simulation models often encounter challenges related to computational expense; however, surrogate-based optimization methods can effectively mitigate this limitation. This paper presents an … Complex engineering multi-objective optimization problems that utilize high-fidelity simulation models often encounter challenges related to computational expense; however, surrogate-based optimization methods can effectively mitigate this limitation. This paper presents an integrated optimization framework that encompasses optimal Latin hypercube experimental design, a hybrid surrogate model combining a Pointer optimization algorithm with weighted prediction error reduction, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS), which is based on grey relational analysis and the entropy weighting method as integral components of a comprehensive systematic optimization strategy. Subsequently, the feasibility of this strategy is validated through a case study centered on automotive seat engineering optimization, underscoring the benefits of the proposed hybrid surrogate model approach combined with the enhanced TOPSIS methodology. Thereafter, the thickness and number of layers of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) automotive front bumper crossmember are established according to the principle of equal stiffness replacement. Ultimately, this optimization strategy is implemented in a multi-objective design concerning the layup sequence of the CFRP crash beam. The findings of this study indicate that the optimized CFRP crash beam demonstrates superior crashworthiness compared to the original steel crash beam, while achieving a significant reduction in overall weight. The optimized CFRP bumper demonstrates superior crash performance compared to the original steel structure, reducing the maximum crash force by 7.25%, while maintaining stable intrusion and energy absorption. Additionally, the optimized bumper achieves a substantial 67.5% weight reduction.

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties of porous structures obtained on the basis of triply periodic P-surfaces

2025-06-17

M. A. Frolov , Michail I. Smolkov , A. Ф. Крутов +2 more | Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the sandwich beam with deep learning inversely designed 3D auxetic core

2025-06-17

Xi Fang , Hui‐Shen Shen , Hai Wang | Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

Impact Efficacy of Sandwich Structures with Additively Manufactured Skins and Elastomeric Foam Cores

2025-06-17

Sean Eckstein , George Youssef | Composites Part B Engineering

Sound radiation and transmission behavior of auxetic core quadrilateral sandwich panels under supersonic flow

2025-06-17

Vinay Kumar Prajapati , Jeyaraj Pitchaimani , Lenin Babu Mailan Chinnapandi | Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines

Dynamic mechanical properties of bonded-orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum under lateral loading

2025-06-17

Youdong Xing , Yukun An , Siyi Yang +2 more | Nuclear Engineering and Design

Thermal Conductivity of Closed Cell Aluminum Foam

2025-06-17

Ning Chen , Peng Zhang , Chongliang Cui +3 more | ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Abstract This research focuses on the thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam and the various factors that influence it. The effective thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam was measured via … Abstract This research focuses on the thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam and the various factors that influence it. The effective thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam was measured via the steady-state method. Results show that when the porosity is between 76% and 90%, the thermal conductivity of the foam ranges from 1 to 7 W·m-1·K-1. Thermally conductive silicone was employed in the experimental setup to minimize contact thermal resistance. The thermal conductivity of the cell wall was determined through the remelting and melting method yielding values of 111 W·m-1·K-1 and 102 W·m-1·K-1 respectively with calculation further refined using JMatPro.Various porous models were developed to simulate the thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam, with the CT model yielding the most accurate results in its predictions. Additionally, the effects of heterogeneous structure, as well as the plateau borders, micropores and oxides within the cell wall, on the thermal conductivity of porous structures were investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that these specialized structural features significantly reduces the effective thermal conductivity in closed-cell aluminum foams.

Advancing energy absorption in additively manufactured meta-plates through machine learning-driven inverse design

2025-06-16

Qingyuan Liu , Liang Mou , Lan Zhang +6 more | Thin-Walled Structures

Multimaterial Metamaterial Inverse Design via Machine Learning for Tailorable and Reusable Energy Absorption

2025-06-16

Xuyang Li , Yong Qin , Lianfa Sun +1 more | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

The demand for precisely tailorable mechanical parameters of energy-absorbing structures is emerging. This paper proposes a machine learning-driven inverse design framework that resolves this multiobjective challenge through 181-dimensional parameter optimization. … The demand for precisely tailorable mechanical parameters of energy-absorbing structures is emerging. This paper proposes a machine learning-driven inverse design framework that resolves this multiobjective challenge through 181-dimensional parameter optimization. Our method integrates multimaterial compatibility (TPU/resin/NiTi/Al alloy) with topology-morphing body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices, where nodal coordinates, beam diameters, and material parameters are co-optimized. We delve into studying the effects of material parameters, nodal coordinates, and beam diameter variations on the structural compressive performances by conducting over 20,000 simulation experiments on randomly generated BCC lattice structures using a finite element analysis. Subsequently, the metamaterials with the specific platform stress values (from 0.015 to 4.05 MPa) and specific energy absorptions (from 0.049 to 23.377 J/g) can be inversely designed with the aid of the artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms to pinpoint optimized parameters from a 181-dimensional space. Noteworthily, the metamaterials in NiTi alloy presented a high-level reusability even after five compression cycles (over 50% recovery), demonstrating its advantage in realizing the reusable and desired energy-absorbing performances. This method has been rigorously validated through additive manufacturing and experimental characterization. This work bridges the critical gap between customizable energy absorption and structural reusability.

Investigation of the Impact Resistance of Foam‐Filled Combined Honeycomb Structures

2025-06-16

Yang Yang , Shaoqing Yuan , Xueli Zhang +4 more | Polymer Engineering and Science

ABSTRACT In the field of structural engineering and impact protection, the development of lightweight and high‐strength materials and structural forms has gained significant attention. Honeycomb structures, known for their exceptional … ABSTRACT In the field of structural engineering and impact protection, the development of lightweight and high‐strength materials and structural forms has gained significant attention. Honeycomb structures, known for their exceptional specific strength, stiffness, and energy absorption capabilities, are widely used in various applications. However, most studies on the low‐velocity impact performance of honeycomb structures have focused on configurations with a single type of cell element. Therefore, this study investigates the differences in mechanical properties by conducting low‐velocity impact experiments on unit cells combined with different Poisson's ratio characteristics. It also explores the effect of lightweight polyurethane foam filling on the overall performance of the honeycomb structure, while analyzing the influence of punch geometry on the mechanical properties. The findings indicate that honeycomb structures with different cell element combinations exhibit varying mechanical responses under low‐velocity impact, with the combination of elements having a zero Poisson's ratio demonstrating the best impact resistance. Furthermore, the polyurethane foam‐filled honeycomb structure significantly improves energy absorption during impact, with the foam enhancing both the energy absorption capacity and cushioning performance. Additionally, the punch radius has an observable effect on the impact performance.

Axisymmetric fold modeling and compression behavior analysis of thin-walled tubes under axial load

2025-06-15

Hangyu Wu , Haiyan Yu | Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

Experimental investigation on scarf repair of damaged composite honeycomb sandwich structures with adhesively bonded carbon fiber-reinforced prepreg patches

2025-06-15

Junshan Hu , Chunhao Fan , X. Wang +4 more | The Journal of Adhesion

Multiscale and Failure Analysis of Periodic Lattice Structures

2025-06-14

Y. W. Kwon , Matthew Minck | Applied Sciences

A full-cycle, multiscale analysis technique was developed for periodic lattice structures with geometric repetition, aiming for more efficient modeling to predict their failure loads. The full-cycle analysis includes both upscaling … A full-cycle, multiscale analysis technique was developed for periodic lattice structures with geometric repetition, aiming for more efficient modeling to predict their failure loads. The full-cycle analysis includes both upscaling and downscaling procedures. The objective of the upscaling procedure is to obtain the effective material properties of the lattice structures such that the lattice structures can be analyzed as continuum models. The continuum models are analyzed to determine the structures’ displacements or buckling failure loads. Then, the downscaling process is applied to the continuum models to determine the stresses in actual lattice members, which were applied to the stress and stress gradient based failure criterion to predict failure. Example problems were presented to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed multiscale analysis technique. The results from the multiscale analysis were compared to those of the discrete finite element analysis without any homogenization. Furthermore, physical experiments were also conducted to determine the failure loads. Then, multiscale analysis was undertaken in conjunction with the failure criterion, based on both stress and stress gradient conditions, to compare the predicted failure loads to the experimental data.

Mechanical Performance of Auxetic rotational polygons Metamaterials based on simple rectangular-shaped parts: Experimental Validation and FEA Modeling

2025-06-13

Yuan‐Chao Hu , Wei Zhao , Yunzhu An +3 more | International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics

REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, MANUFACTURING, AND APPLICATIONS OF METAL FOAMS

2025-06-13

Zahra Khalid Hamdan , Sadeq H. Bakhy , Muhsin J. Jweeg | Jurnal Teknologi

This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties of metal foams and their various applications. It provides a detailed examination of the production techniques used in the manufacturing … This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties of metal foams and their various applications. It provides a detailed examination of the production techniques used in the manufacturing of metal foams and assesses the challenges encountered in the fabrication process. Metal foams, with their low weight, rigidity, exceptional compressive strength, and energy absorption capabilities, have found applications in a wide range of engineering fields. The manufacturing techniques for metal foams vary, including liquid state, solid state, and ion or vapor processing, each presenting distinct advantages and limitations that influence the properties of the final foam product. A thorough understanding of these processes and their effects on the mechanical characteristics of the foams is crucial for optimizing their application across various industries. The review also addresses the challenges associated with metal foam fabrication, such as the control of pore size and distribution and the high costs of production. Advanced techniques like 3D printing are proposed. The paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing challenges and unlock new possibilities in metal foam technology across various industries as potential solutions to enhance precision and reduce waste. The paper emphasizes the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration bringing together expertise from materials science, manufacturing technologies, and computational modeling to effectively overcome current challenges and unlock new possibilities in metal foam technology across various industries.

In-plane crushing behavior and energy absorption of novel X-shaped auxetic metamaterial: experimental and numerical investigations

2025-06-13

Wei Zhang , Huiling Wang , Xiang Li +1 more | Journal of Materials Science

Strength Properties and Numerical Modeling of Cellular Panels with a Thermoplastic Shaped Core

2025-06-13

P. Borysiuk , Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska , Karol Szymanowski +1 more | Forests

Lightweight, layered wood-based panels are gaining attention due to favorable mechanical and physical properties. This study examined numerical modeling as a method to predict the strength of innovative three-layer sandwich … Lightweight, layered wood-based panels are gaining attention due to favorable mechanical and physical properties. This study examined numerical modeling as a method to predict the strength of innovative three-layer sandwich panels with thermoplastic cores containing wood particles as the filler. Two core geometries (F and S) and two material formulations (60% HDPE + 40% sawdust, and 40% HDPE + 60% sawdust) were tested. The panels were produced without additional adhesives; bonding with high-density fiberboard (HDF) facings was achieved through the thermoplastic properties of the core. Mechanical properties such as bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compressive strength perpendicular to the surface were measured. Results showed that both core geometry and material composition significantly influenced structural performance. Panels with the F profile showed better bending strength and stiffness (MOR—13.2 N/mm2, MOE—2017 N/mm2), while the S profile had higher compressive strength (0.62 N/mm2). Numerical simulations using SolidWorks Simulation confirmed the experimental data, with stress and displacement distributions matching laboratory results. These findings demonstrate the potential of thermoplastically formed cores for creating lightweight, recyclable wood-based composites with tailored mechanical properties.

Evaluation of reversibility and formability of auxetic non-woven fabrics based on Y-cut geometry

2025-06-13

Mohammad Javad Abghary , Zahrasadat Fani Sadrabadi , M. Jafari | Journal of the Textile Institute

Enhanced energy absorption characteristics of TPMS lattice structures with linear and circular hybrid designs

2025-06-12

Yuming Yin , Fangyi Li , Dachang Zhu | Engineering Structures

Low velocity impact responses of symmetric and asymmetric curved foam core sandwich panels

2025-06-12

Fatih Balıkoğlu , Tayfur Kerem Demircioğlu , Berkan Hızarcı +1 more | European Mechanical Science

This work aims to experimentally examine the effects of various fibre reinforcements and curvature on the low-speed impact load responses of curved sandwich composites. Plain woven E-glass, S-glass, carbon fibre … This work aims to experimentally examine the effects of various fibre reinforcements and curvature on the low-speed impact load responses of curved sandwich composites. Plain woven E-glass, S-glass, carbon fibre and twill woven carbon fibre reinforcements with the same areal weight were used as face sheets and PVC foam as core material in the fabrication of sandwich composites. A low-speed impact testing apparatus including a hemispherical impactor was used to conduct low-speed impact tests at various energy levels. Impact energy levels were determined for rebound, penetration, and total perforation of the specimens. Twill woven carbon exhibited superior performance for low-velocity impact damage resistance and tolerance in comparison with plain woven carbon and glass fibres. The absorbed impact energy decreased with the asymmetrical arrangement, and the sandwich specimens with twill-woven face sheets showed the best performance among the symmetrical and asymmetrical panels.

Vibration Characteristics of 3D Printed Rigid Photopolymer Metamaterials Infiltrated with Biodegradable Shear Thickening Fluid

2025-06-12

Federico Scalzo , Emanuele Vaglio | Experimental Mechanics

Crash Performance of Additively Manufactured Tapered Tube Crash Boxes: Influence of Material and Geometric Parameters

2025-06-12

Ahmed Saber , Mehmet Ali Güler , Erdem Acar +4 more | Designs

Crash boxes play a crucial role in mitigating force during vehicle collisions by absorbing impact energy. Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has emerged as a promising method … Crash boxes play a crucial role in mitigating force during vehicle collisions by absorbing impact energy. Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has emerged as a promising method for their fabrication due to its design flexibility and continuous advancements in material development. This study investigates the crash performance of tapered crash box configurations, each manufactured using two FDM materials: Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA-CF) and Polylactic Acid Plus (PLA+). The specimens vary in wall thickness and taper angles to evaluate the influence of geometric and material parameters on crashworthiness. The results demonstrated that both specific energy absorption (SEA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) increase with wall thickness and taper angle, with PLA-CF consistently outperforming PLA+ in both metrics. ANOVA results showed that wall thickness is the most influential factor in crashworthiness, accounting for 73.18% of SEA variation and 58.19% of CFE variation. Taper angle contributed 13.49% to SEA and 31.49% to CFE, while material type had smaller but significant effects, contributing 0.66% to SEA and 0.11% to CFE. Regression models were developed based on the experimental data to predict SEA and CFE, with a maximum absolute percentage error of 4.97%. These models guided the design of new configurations, with the optimal case achieving an SEA of 32.086 ± 0.190 kJ/kg and a CFE of 0.745 ± 0.034. The findings confirm the potential of PLA-CF in enhancing the energy-absorption capability of crash boxes, particularly in tapered designs.

Combined in situ X-ray diffraction and tomography study on the evolution of the microstructure in 316L stainless steel foams during compression

2025-06-12

Jenő Gubicza , Khaled Nagy , Zoltán Hegedues +5 more | Materials Science and Engineering A