Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites

Glass properties and applications

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This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics in glass science and technology, including structural analysis, optical properties, rare-earth doped materials, nuclear waste immobilization, spectroscopic studies, amorphous materials, crystal nucleation, high-resolution NMR, and fiber lasers.

Keywords

Glass Science; Structural Analysis; Optical Properties; Rare-Earth Doped Materials; Nuclear Waste Immobilization; Spectroscopic Studies; Amorphous Materials; Crystal Nucleation; High-Resolution NMR; Fiber Lasers

The Scientific Basis

1995-01-01

Gerd Müller , Wolfgang Pannhorst , U. Schiffner

Fundamentals of inorganic glasses

1994-05-01

M. Tomozawa

Introduction to Glass Science and Technology

2005-01-12

James E. Shelby

This book provides a concise and inexpensive introduction for an undergraduate course in glass science and technology. The level of the book has deliberately been maintained at the introductory level … This book provides a concise and inexpensive introduction for an undergraduate course in glass science and technology. The level of the book has deliberately been maintained at the introductory level to avoid confusion of the student by inclusion of more advanced material, and is unique in that its text is limited to the amount suitable for a one term course for students in materials science, ceramics or inorganic chemistry. The contents cover the fundamental topics of importance in glass science and technology, including glass formation, crystallization, phase separation and structure of glasses. Additional chapters discuss the most important properties of glasses, including discussion of physical, optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. A final chapter provides an introduction to a number of methods used to form technical glasses, including glass sheet, bottles, insulation fibre, optical fibres and other common commercial products. In addition, the book contains discussion of the effects of phase separation and crystallization on the properties of glasses, which is neglected in other texts. Although intended primarily as a textbook, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology will also be invaluable to the engineer or scientist who desires more knowledge regarding the formation, properties and production of glass.

The ‘universal’ dielectric response

1977-06-01

A.K. Jonscher

Handbook of Glass Properties

1986-01-01

Narottam P. Bansal , Robert H. Doremus

Electronic processes in non-crystalline materials

1972-08-01

A.K. Jonscher

Conduction in non-crystalline materials

1969-04-01

N. F. Mott

Abstract If the distance between atoms in a crystalline lattice is increased, an energy gap appears, which in a divalent material will separate occupied from unoccupied states of an electron. … Abstract If the distance between atoms in a crystalline lattice is increased, an energy gap appears, which in a divalent material will separate occupied from unoccupied states of an electron. In a non-crystalline substance, a minimum is expected in the density of states (a 'pseudogap'). An approximate theoretical estimate is given of the depth of the minimum at which the one-electron states become localized so that 〈σE(0)〉 vanishes; this turns out to be such that N(E F)/N(E F)free is about ⅓. The result depends rather sensitively on the parameters used; the value deduced from the experiments of Hensel and Franck (1966, 1968) on the resistivity of mercury at high temperatures gives for this ratio a value of ⅕. It is shown also that the localized states at the extremities of a valence or conduction band are of negligible importance if the wave functions are s-like on the atoms or ions, but may be of importance if they are not. A discussion is given of the electrical behaviour of chalcogenide glasses, amorphous germanium and of some liquid semiconductors based on these ideas.

Scattering by an Inhomogeneous Solid

1949-06-01

P. Debye , A. M. Bueche

A general treatment of the scattering of radiation by an inhomogeneous material is developed. It is shown how scattering measurements can be used to obtain the average square of the … A general treatment of the scattering of radiation by an inhomogeneous material is developed. It is shown how scattering measurements can be used to obtain the average square of the fluctuations in refractive index or electron density and a correlation function which measures the degree of correlation between two fluctuations as a function of their distance of separation. The scattering of visible light by Lucite and two glass samples has been investigated. The data are analyzed in terms of the quantities mentioned above. It is found that the extensions in space of the inhomogeneities in the Lucite sample are much greater than those in the optical glass samples investigated. The magnitudes of the fluctuations in refractive index are found to be dependent on the composition of the sample.

Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Noncrystalline Solids

1971-09-15

R. C. Zeller , R. O. Pohl

The thermal conductivity of vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Se, and silica- and germania-based glasses has been measured between 0.05 and 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Comparison with earlier work on noncrystalline solids shows that they … The thermal conductivity of vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Se, and silica- and germania-based glasses has been measured between 0.05 and 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Comparison with earlier work on noncrystalline solids shows that they all have the same conductivity within a factor of 5 over the entire temperature range investigated, with the same characteristic plateau around 10 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and that their conductivity varies as ${T}^{n}$, $n\ensuremath{\sim}1.8$, below $T=1$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Furthermore, the average phonon mean free path is large by comparison with the phonon wavelength, about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ cm at 2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and decreasing as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ at larger $T$, suggesting a Rayleigh-type scattering mechanism. Such a mean free path can be quantitatively explained by approximating the glassy structure with that of a crystal in which every atom is displaced from its lattice site. Then every atom scatters like an interstitial atom, or---even simpler---like one that is missing at its regular lattice site, with a scattering cross section determined by the missing mass (isotopic defect). The specific heat of amorphous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and Se has been found to vary as $AT+B{T}^{3}$ between 0.1 and 1 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, with $A=10$ erg/g \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ within a factor of 2. This departure from the Debye specific heat may be characteristic of the glassy state, as all earlier measurements of other glasses [polystyrene, glycerol, Lucite (PMMA)] indicate a similar anomaly. Its origin is not clear. Impurities or surface effects through adsorbed gases are unlikely because of the many samples and experimental techniques used in different laboratories. We have tried to attribute the anomaly to low-lying electronic states, motional states of ions, trapped atoms or large groups of atoms, or one-dimensional vibrations within a three-dimensional solid, so far without success. At the present time, the only independent evidence for these excitations appears to be in the low-temperature thermal conductivity at $T<1$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K described above.

Water in silicate glasses: An infrared spectroscopic study

1982-01-01

Edward M. Stolper

Ion exchange properties of and rates of ionic diffusion in beta-alumina

1967-09-01

Yung-Fang Yu Yao , J. T. Kummer

Review: the structure of simple phosphate glasses

2000-03-01

Richard K. Brow

Conduction in glasses containing transition metal ions

1968-12-01

N. F. Mott

Tellurite glass: a new candidate for fiber devices

1994-08-01

J.S. Wang , Eugenio E. Vogel , E. Snitzer

Dependence of the glass transition temperature on heating and cooling rate

1974-12-01

Cornelius T. Moynihan , Allan J. Easteal , J. A. Wilder +1 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of the glass transition temperature on heating and cooling rateCornelius T. Moynihan, Allan J. Easteal, James Wilder, and Joseph TuckerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of the glass transition temperature on heating and cooling rateCornelius T. Moynihan, Allan J. Easteal, James Wilder, and Joseph TuckerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 26, 2673–2677Publication Date (Print):December 19, 1974Publication History Published online16 June 2008Published inissue 19 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100619a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100619a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6941Altmetric-Citations843LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Band limits and the vibrational spectra of tetrahedral glasses

1979-04-15

F. L. Galeener

The primary features of the Raman and infrared spectra of $A{X}_{2}$ tetrahedral glasses are associated with the edges of the vibrational bands calculated by Sen and Thorpe. The dominant Raman … The primary features of the Raman and infrared spectra of $A{X}_{2}$ tetrahedral glasses are associated with the edges of the vibrational bands calculated by Sen and Thorpe. The dominant Raman peak is assigned to a singular matrix element rather than a peak in the density of vibrational states. Simple expressions are developed which yield useful values of the vibrational force constants and intertetrahedral angles for vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and Be${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$.

Hot‐Pressed (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 Ferroelectric Ceramics for Electrooptic Applications

1971-01-01

Gene H. Haertling , C. E. Land

Transparent ferroelectric ceramic materials suitable for a variety of electrooptic applications were found in the quaternary (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O 3 system. These PLZT materials are prepared from mixed oxides and hot‐pressed typically … Transparent ferroelectric ceramic materials suitable for a variety of electrooptic applications were found in the quaternary (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O 3 system. These PLZT materials are prepared from mixed oxides and hot‐pressed typically at 1100°C for 16 h at 2000 psi. Modifying the lead zirconate‐titanate system with lanthana linearly reduces the Curie point with increasing lanthana. Transmission measurements in the visible and infrared show that these materials exhibit a nearly constant response from the absorption edge of 0.37 μ to ∼6 μm. The highest transmission values, essentially 100% (neglecting reflection losses of ∼18%) for thin polished plates, were noted for compositions containing 8 at.% La or more. Specific compositions within the system display electrooptic memory or conventional linear or quadratic electrooptic effects; on the basis of the magnitude of the electrooptic effects, they compare quite favorably with single crystals.

Thermal conductivity measurement from 30 to 750 K: the 3ω method

1990-02-01

David G. Cahill

An ac technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of dielectric solids between 30 and 750 K is described. This technique, the 3ω method, can be applied to bulk amorphous solids … An ac technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of dielectric solids between 30 and 750 K is described. This technique, the 3ω method, can be applied to bulk amorphous solids and crystals as well as amorphous films tens of microns thick. Errors from black-body radiation are calculated to be less than 2% even at 1000 K. Data for a-SiO2, Pyrex 7740, and Pyroceram 9606 are compared to results obtained by conventional techniques.

Sensitized fluorescence of Ce3+/Mn2+ system in phosphate glass

2003-02-12

P.I. Paulose , Gijo Jose , Vinoy Thomas +2 more

Infrared spectroscopy of sol–gel derived silica-based films: a spectra-microstructure overview

2003-01-21

Plinio Innocenzi

Refractive-Index Behavior of Amorphous Semiconductors and Glasses

1973-04-15

S. H. Wemple

The refractive-index behavior (magnitude and dispersion) of a variety of optical glasses and amorphous semiconductors is discussed within the same oscillator framework applied earlier to single-crystal refractive-index data. Apart from … The refractive-index behavior (magnitude and dispersion) of a variety of optical glasses and amorphous semiconductors is discussed within the same oscillator framework applied earlier to single-crystal refractive-index data. Apart from density differences associated with voids and inefficient packing of disordered atoms, the main quantity of interest turns out to be coordination number as found earlier for single crystals. In tetrahedrally bonded materials (Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Si, Ge, GaP, GaAs, $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$) the refractive-index behavior, as measured by the dispersion energy ${E}_{d}$, is not significantly affected by loss of long-range order, lending considerable support to the view that the particular combination of moments of the ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$ spectrum that determines this oscillator-strength parameter is related solely to short-range interactions. In mixed-oxide glasses the data suggest that admixtures of high-coordination oxides (e.g., BaO or ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) increase the average cation coordination number above 4 and correspondingly increase the strengths of interband optical transitions. Finally, in semiconductors derived from two-dimensional crystals (${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$) and one-dimensional crystals (Se and Te) it is found that layer-layer and chain-chain coupling, respectively, increase the effective crystalline coordination number above the nearest-neighbor value and that these interactions are largely lost in the amorphous forms. The primary optical effect is a reduction in oscillator strength of lone-pair to conduction-band transitions and a corresponding decrease in ${E}_{d}$.

An interpretation of glass chemistry in terms of the optical basicity concept

1976-08-01

J. A. Duffy , Malcolm D. Ingram

Direct calculation of Young's moidulus of glass

1973-05-01

Akio Makishima , J. D. Mackenzie

Raman-Scattering Selection-Rule Breaking and the Density of States in Amorphous Materials

1970-07-27

R. Shuker , Robert W. Gammon

We present a calculation of the dielectric correlation function in glasses showing how the assumption of short correlation length for normal modes breaks the momentum selection rules and leads to … We present a calculation of the dielectric correlation function in glasses showing how the assumption of short correlation length for normal modes breaks the momentum selection rules and leads to expressions for the first-order Raman-scattering intensity in terms of the density-of-states functions and known frequency-dependent amplitudes.

Extinction within the limit of validity of the Darwin transfer equations. I. General formalism for primary and secondary extinction and their applications to spherical crystals

1974-03-01

Pierre Becker , P. Coppens

A theory of extinction is derived which is valid within the limit of the Darwin intensity transfer equations. An expression describing the effect of n-fold rescattering within an ideal crystallite … A theory of extinction is derived which is valid within the limit of the Darwin intensity transfer equations. An expression describing the effect of n-fold rescattering within an ideal crystallite is derived, which differs from the equation given by Zachariasen because independent coordinates x1 and x2 based on an external coordinate system have been used, rather than the coordinates t1 and t2 which are only mutually independent if the crystal is a parallelepiped with faces parallel to the incident and diffracted beams. Furthermore, the derivation of the earlier expressions is based on a generally unjustifiable reversal of the direction of the diffracted ray (interchange of t2 and t'2). An exact expression is derived for the diffraction cross section σ(ε1) in the perfect crystallite, which contains a factor sin 2θ neglected in the earlier work. As a result, the previously used classification of crystals into type I and type II becomes less well defined because at very small Bragg angles particle size always becomes the dominant effect. It is shown that the extinction factor yp (p = primary), for a perfect spherical crystallite, calculated with the present theory, is in good agreement with calculations based on the dynamical theory. Furthermore, the limiting behavior of the expressions at 2θ = 0 and π justifies some of the mathematical approximations made. For a mosaic crystal the extinction coefficient y is written as yp . ys (s = secondary), yp is evaluated numerically from the expressions derived. An analytical expression for yp is obtained by least-squares fit to the numerical values. A similar procedure is followed for ys, in the case of a Gaussian, Lorentzian and Fresnellian distributions of the crystallites and a spherical mosaic crystal. Analysis of the results shows that the Zachariasen expression can be used for small extinction (y > 0.8), provided the θ dependent factor is properly introduced for particle-size-affected extinction. Allowance for polarization effects in the X-ray case is discussed. Absorption effects cannot be treated separately from extinction for all but small values of 1 -y. Coefficients of the analytical extinction expressions are given for absorbing spherical crystals with μR values ≤ 4. Application of the expressions and extension to non-spherical geometries will be treated in following publications.

ac Conductivity of Scandium Oxide and a New Hopping Model for Conductivity

1972-08-15

G. E. Pike

The ac conductivity of scandium-oxide thin films in the audio-frequency range at temperatures between 4 and 295 K has been measured. The frequency-dependent component of the conductivity was found to … The ac conductivity of scandium-oxide thin films in the audio-frequency range at temperatures between 4 and 295 K has been measured. The frequency-dependent component of the conductivity was found to obey an equation of the form ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})=A{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{s}$, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the circular frequency and $s$ is a temperature-dependent quantity whose value is close to, but less than, unity. Interpretation of the results in terms of a single-phonon hopping theory does not yield satisfactory agreement. To account for the data a new hopping model is proposed. The conductivity is calculated for classical hopping of carriers between localization sites over potential barriers with a height distribution caused by the random spatial distribution of these sites. This model yields the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{s}$ behavior at high frequencies with the quantity ($1\ensuremath{-}s$) increasing almost linearly with temperature. In addition, it is predicted that a thermally activated dielectric-loss peak should occur for very low frequencies. It is suggested that this model may find broad application in the interpretation of ac conductivity results in amorphous materials.

Optical constants of silica glass from extreme ultraviolet to far infrared at near room temperature

2007-11-19

Rei Kitamura , Laurent Pilon , Miroslaw Jonasz

We thoroughly and critically review studies reporting the real (refractive index) and imaginary (absorption index) parts of the complex refractive index of silica glass over the spectral range from 30 … We thoroughly and critically review studies reporting the real (refractive index) and imaginary (absorption index) parts of the complex refractive index of silica glass over the spectral range from 30 nm to 1000 μm. The general features of the optical constants over the electromagnetic spectrum are relatively consistent throughout the literature. In particular, silica glass is effectively opaque for wavelengths shorter than 200 nm and larger than 3.5-4.0 μm. Strong absorption bands are observed (i) below 160 nm due to the interaction with electrons, absorption by impurities, and the presence of OH groups and point defects; (ii) at ~2.73-2.85, 3.5, and 4.3 μm also caused by OH groups; and (iii) at ~9-9.5, 12.5, and 21-23 μm due to SiOSi resonance modes of vibration. However, the actual values of the refractive and absorption indices can vary significantly due to the glass manufacturing process, crystallinity, wavelength, and temperature and to the presence of impurities, point defects, inclusions, and bubbles, as well as to the experimental uncertainties and approximations in the retrieval methods. Moreover, new formulas providing comprehensive approximations of the optical properties of silica glass are proposed between 7 and 50 μm. These formulas are consistent with experimental data and substantially extend the spectral range of 0.21-7 μm covered by existing formulas and can be used in various engineering applications.

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Model for the Electronic Structure of Amorphous Semiconductors

1975-04-14

P. W. Anderson

It is pointed out that a model which agrees well with the observed properties of semiconducting glasses is an attractive Hubbard model of localized states. Such a model has no … It is pointed out that a model which agrees well with the observed properties of semiconducting glasses is an attractive Hubbard model of localized states. Such a model has no gap for two-electron excitations but an energy gap for one-electron ones. The suggested physical model for a two-electron excitation is a new covalent bond in the structure, which is severely localized. It is also proposed that the one-electron excitation spectrum is wholly, or almost wholly, extended, and all observed gaps are identical with the mobility gap.

Force fields for silicas and aluminophosphates based onab initiocalculations

1990-04-16

B. W. H. van Beest , G. J. Kramer , Rutger A. van Santen

We address the problem of finding interatomic force fields for silicas from ab initio calculations on small clusters. It is shown that the force field cannot be determined from cluster … We address the problem of finding interatomic force fields for silicas from ab initio calculations on small clusters. It is shown that the force field cannot be determined from cluster data alone; incorporation of bulk-system information into the force field remains essential. Bearing this in mind, we derive a force field based on both microscopic (ab initio) and macroscopic (experimental) data. This force field combines accuracy with transferability to other polymorphs. The possibility of parametrizing other elements is also demonstrated.

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The structure of vitreous silica

1969-10-01

R. L. Mozzi , Β. E. Warren

A new study of the structure of vitreous silica has been made under greatly improved conditions. Using Rh Kα radiation with the method of fluorescence excitation, reliable intensity values were … A new study of the structure of vitreous silica has been made under greatly improved conditions. Using Rh Kα radiation with the method of fluorescence excitation, reliable intensity values were measured to 4π sinθ/λ = 20. The interpretation was in terms of pair functions, thereby eliminating the approximations in earlier work. Each silicon is tetrahedrally surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms, with a Si–O distance which is closely 1.62 Å. Each oxygen atom is bonded to 2 silicon atoms. The Si–O–Si bond angle α shows a distribution V(α) extending all the way from 120° to 180°, with a maximum at α = 144°. This wide variation in α is an important distinction between the vitreous and the crystalline forms of silica, and it furnishes an important criterion for any proposed model of vitreous silica. Good agreement with the measured pair function distribution curve was obtained by assuming a random orientation about the Si–O bond directions. The interpretation leads to the familiar random network model, but with the new results the model is more precise.

Under what conditions can a glass be formed?

1969-09-01

David Turnbull

Summary Generally substances are more stable in a crystalline than in a glassy state. Therefore, to form a glass, crystallization must be bypassed. Under certain conditions, the melts of many … Summary Generally substances are more stable in a crystalline than in a glassy state. Therefore, to form a glass, crystallization must be bypassed. Under certain conditions, the melts of many substances can be cooled to the glass state. Whether or not the melt of a given material forms a glass is determined principally by a set of factors which can be specified to some extent in the laboratory, namely, the cooling rate, - T, the liquid volume, v], and the seed density, ps and upon a set of materials constants: the reduced crystal–liquid interfacial tension, α the fraction, f, of acceptor sites in the crystal surface, and the reduced glass temperature, Trg . The glass-forming tendency will be greater the larger are - T and Trg and the smaller are v]. ps, and f. The number and variety of substances which have been prepared in a glassy or 'amorphous solid' form have been greatly increased with techniques in which the material is condensed from solution on to a surface held well below its glass temperature. There are at least some glass formers in every category of material, according to bond type, i.e. covalent, ionic, metallic, van der Waals or hydrogen. However, it is not established whether or not every substance can be put into a glass form.

Mixed alkali glasses — Their properties and uses

1976-08-01

Delbert E. Day

Ab initiomolecular-dynamics simulation of the liquid-metal–amorphous-semiconductor transition in germanium

1994-05-15

Georg Kresse , J. Häfner

We present ab initio quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics simulations of the liquid-metal--amorphous-semiconductor transition in Ge. Our simulations are based on (a) finite-temperature density-functional theory of the one-electron states, (b) exact energy minimization … We present ab initio quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics simulations of the liquid-metal--amorphous-semiconductor transition in Ge. Our simulations are based on (a) finite-temperature density-functional theory of the one-electron states, (b) exact energy minimization and hence calculation of the exact Hellmann-Feynman forces after each molecular-dynamics step using preconditioned conjugate-gradient techniques, (c) accurate nonlocal pseudopotentials, and (d) Nos\'e dynamics for generating a canonical ensemble. This method gives perfect control of the adiabaticity of the electron-ion ensemble and allows us to perform simulations over more than 30 ps. The computer-generated ensemble describes the structural, dynamic, and electronic properties of liquid and amorphous Ge in very good agreement with experiment. The simulation allows us to study in detail the changes in the structure-property relationship through the metal-semiconductor transition. We report a detailed analysis of the local structural properties and their changes induced by an annealing process. The geometrical, bonding, and spectral properties of defects in the disordered tetrahedral network are investigated and compared with experiment.

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

1925-06-01

Gordon S. Fulcher

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 … Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log10 viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na2O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO2, 2Na2O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 for Na2O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log10η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature Ta. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log10η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A12O3) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al2O3) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log10η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al2O3. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log10η due to substitution of an oxide for Na2O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO2, 2Na2O) due to of Substitution of B2O3 for SiO2 The change of log10η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log10η per per cent B2O3. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na2O.

Transparent Alumina: A Light‐Scattering Model

2003-03-01

R. Apetz , M. P. B. van Bruggen

A model based on Rayleigh–Gans–Debye light‐scattering theory has been developed to describe the light transmission properties of fine‐grained, fully dense, polycrystalline ceramics consisting of birefringent crystals. This model extends light … A model based on Rayleigh–Gans–Debye light‐scattering theory has been developed to describe the light transmission properties of fine‐grained, fully dense, polycrystalline ceramics consisting of birefringent crystals. This model extends light transmission models based on geometrical optics, which are valid only for coarse‐grained microstructures, to smaller crystal sizes. We verify our model by measuring the light transmission properties of fully dense (>99.99%), polycrystalline α‐Al 2 O 3 (PCA) with mean crystal sizes ranging from 60 to 0.3 μm. The remarkable transparency exhibited by PCA samples with small crystal sizes (<2 μm) is well explained by this model.

Polarons in crystalline and non-crystalline materials

2001-11-01

I. G. Austin , N. F. Mott

The current state of polaron theory as applicable to transition metal oxides is reviewed, including problems such as impurity conduction where disorder plays a role. An estimate is given of … The current state of polaron theory as applicable to transition metal oxides is reviewed, including problems such as impurity conduction where disorder plays a role. An estimate is given of the conditions under which polaron formation leads to an enhancement of the mass but no hopping energy. The binding energy of a polaron to a donor or acceptor in narrow-band semiconductors is discussed. The experimental evidence about the conductivity of TiO 2 and NiO is reviewed. Impurity conduction in NiO and conduction in glasses containing transition metal ions is discussed and it is emphasized that the activation energy for hopping nearly all vanishes at low temperatures. Pollak's theory of a.c. impurity conductivity is reviewed and applied to the problem of dielectric loss in these materials.

A Model of Structural Relaxation in Glass

1971-10-01

O. S. Narayanaswamy

Study of the time dependence of physical properties in the transformation range of glass is complicated by the “memory effect” and the inherent nonlinearity which are characteristic of structural relaxation. … Study of the time dependence of physical properties in the transformation range of glass is complicated by the “memory effect” and the inherent nonlinearity which are characteristic of structural relaxation. A multiparameter model of structural relaxation is presented that differs from earlier models in that it takes account of both these effects. This model fits available experimental data well; these data were obtained for the most part by observing the evolution of properties (such as density or refractive index) following a step change in temperature. The present model also permits prediction of the physical properties of glass subjected to arbitrary and more complex temperature‐time histories. It should, therefore, also be useful in the rational design of heat treating processes such as annealing.

Properties and structure of vitreous silica. I

1970-11-01

R. Brückner

Dependence of the Fictive Temperature of Glass on Cooling Rate

1976-01-01

Cornelius T. Moynihan , Allan J. Easteal , MARY ANN De BOLT +1 more

An equation derived by Ritland relating the cooling rate and fictive temperature for glasses without memory is extended to those with memory, i.e. those which exhibit a spectrum of relaxation … An equation derived by Ritland relating the cooling rate and fictive temperature for glasses without memory is extended to those with memory, i.e. those which exhibit a spectrum of relaxation times. Provided that the spectrum of relaxation times is temperature‐independent, the limiting fictive temperature, T′ f , obtained when a glass is cooled through the transition region, is shown to be related to the cooling rate, q , by d In | q |/ d (1/ T'f )=‐Δ h ★/ R where R is the ideal gas constant and Δ h ★ the activation enthalpy for the relaxation times controlling the structural relaxation. Values of T′ f vs q obtained from enthalpy measurements by differential scanning calorimetry are presented for B 2 O 3 , 0.4Ca(NO 3 ) 2 —0.6KNO 3 , and borosilicate crown glasses; Δ h ★ is equal, within experimental error, to the activation enthalpy for shear viscosity. Values of T′ f from volume and enthalpy measurements obtained at the same cooling rate for the borosilicate crown glass are equal.

Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500 nm

1991-01-01

W. J. Miniscalco

Material-dependent properties influencing the performance of fiber amplifiers are reviewed together with the available data for Er/sup 3+/. The major glass types potentially useful in this application are considered and … Material-dependent properties influencing the performance of fiber amplifiers are reviewed together with the available data for Er/sup 3+/. The major glass types potentially useful in this application are considered and compared to silica. The topics addressed include quenching processes and the solubility of rare-earth ions, transition strengths and bandwidths at the 1500-nm gain transition, and the characteristics at the 800-, 980-, and 1480-nm pump bands. Aluminum is shown to be an extremely useful codopant for silica, improving its ability to dissolve rare-earth ions and providing desirable spectroscopic properties for Er/sup 3+/. For some of the attributes considered, other glasses have advantages over Al silica, but only with respect to gain bandwidth and pumping performance at 800 nm is significantly better than expected from other glass compositions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Interspecimen Comparison of the Refractive Index of Fused Silica*,†

1965-10-01

Irving H. Malitson

The index of refraction of optical quality fused silica (SiO2) was determined for 60 wavelengths from 0.21 to 3.71 μ at 20°C. The dispersion equation n2-1=0.6961663λ2λ2-(0.0684043)2+0.4079426λ2λ2-(0.1162414)2+0.8974794λ2λ2-(9.896161)2.where λ is expressed in … The index of refraction of optical quality fused silica (SiO2) was determined for 60 wavelengths from 0.21 to 3.71 μ at 20°C. The dispersion equation n2-1=0.6961663λ2λ2-(0.0684043)2+0.4079426λ2λ2-(0.1162414)2+0.8974794λ2λ2-(9.896161)2.where λ is expressed in microns was found to yield an absolute residual of 10.5×10−6. The variation in index between 12 specimens was determined. Dispersive properties of the material and thermal coefficient of index are graphically presented. A comparison with previous NBS index data is discussed.

Structural studies of silicate glasses and melts—applications and limitations of Raman spectroscopy

1984-08-01

Paul F. McMillan

Raman spectroscopy studies of alkali and alkaline earth silicate glasses and melts are reviewed, and the major Raman bands observed are summarized. To realize the full potential of Raman spectroscopy … Raman spectroscopy studies of alkali and alkaline earth silicate glasses and melts are reviewed, and the major Raman bands observed are summarized. To realize the full potential of Raman spectroscopy will require a detailed understanding of their vibrational properties in relation to structure. A number of vibrational calculations have been carried out to address this problem. These are briefly summarized, and some limitations of the method are noted. Systematic variations in bulk properties are examined for viscosity and the immiscibility behavior.

EXAFS and the structure of glass

1985-05-01

G. N. Greaves

Die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von dichtgepackten kolloiden Systemen

1952-01-01

G. Porod

The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials

1982-01-01

M. S. Paterson

L'analyse des calibrations existantes pour différentes substances montre que l'intensité de l'absorption des I.R. de 3 µm par les hydroxyles dépend de la fréquence. Quand on prend en compte le … L'analyse des calibrations existantes pour différentes substances montre que l'intensité de l'absorption des I.R. de 3 µm par les hydroxyles dépend de la fréquence. Quand on prend en compte le facteur d'anisotropie γ, une raie unique de calibration pour le coefficient d'absorption molaire intégral I peut, en première approximation, être utilisée pour une variété de substances telles que les verres de silicate ou autre, le quartz et les diverses formes de l'eau. La relation utilisée est I/γ = 150(3 780 — v) où v est le nombre d'onde en cm⁻¹ et I est donné en cm⁻² par mole H/1. Avec cette relation, on peut, en première approximation, estimer le contenu d'hydroxyle associé à l'absorption en bande large ou de type gel dans le quartz et les substances semblables. Ceci implique que la distribution des forces de liaison des hydroxyles est beaucoup plus affectée aux grands nombres d'onde que ne le suggère a priori la forme du spectre.

Die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von dichtgepackten kolloiden Systemen

1951-11-01

G. Porod

Polarons in crystalline and non-crystalline materials

1969-01-01

I. G. Austin , N. F. Mott

Abstract The current state of polaron theory as applicable to transition metal oxides is reviewed, including problems such as impurity conduction where disorder plays a role. An estimate is given … Abstract The current state of polaron theory as applicable to transition metal oxides is reviewed, including problems such as impurity conduction where disorder plays a role. An estimate is given of the conditions under which polaron formation leads to an enhancement of the mass but no hopping energy. The binding energy of a polaron to a donor or acceptor in narrow-band semiconductors is discussed. The experimental evidence about the conductivity of TiO2 and NiO is reviewed. Impurity conduction in NiO and conduction in glasses containing transition metal ions is discussed and it is emphasized that the activation energy for hopping nearly all vanishes at low temperatures. Pollak's theory of a.c. impurity conductivity is reviewed and applied to the problem of dielectric loss in these materials.

Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses

2019-01-01

Arun K. Varshneya

Glass : structure by spectroscopy

1976-01-01

Joe Wong , C. Austen Angell

Composition-structure relationships for calcium aluminosilicate glasses

2025-06-25

Subhashree Panda , Meili Liu , Rudra N. Purusottam +3 more | Materials and Structures

Kinetic aspects of the liquid-to-glass transition for lead and borate glasses

2025-06-25

А. А. Машанов , Michael I. Ojovan , М. В. Дармаев | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Eco-friendly lead-free Yb2O3 doped transparent phosphate glasses for radiation shielding applications

2025-06-24

Devendra Raj Upadhyay , José A. Jiménez , Raju Khanal | Physica Scripta

Abstract Ytterbium(III) oxide-doped glasses with 50P$_2$O$_5$-(50 – x)BaO-xYb$_2$O$_3$ (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mol \%) chemical compositions have been studied for radiation shielding, photon trajectories, and transport … Abstract Ytterbium(III) oxide-doped glasses with 50P$_2$O$_5$-(50 – x)BaO-xYb$_2$O$_3$ (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mol \%) chemical compositions have been studied for radiation shielding, photon trajectories, and transport phenomena using theoretical and multipurpose particle and heavy ion Monte Carlo simulation code. Radiation shielding properties were assessed via mass and linear attenuation coefficients, half- and tenth-value layers for gamma-ray attenuation energy range 0.015 to 15 MeV. Moreover, transport properties such as mean free path, effective atomic number, conductivity, and electron density are evaluated. A PHITS simulation study with relative errors is used to compare parameters estimated from the Phy-X/PSD database. Theoretical and simulation study indicated that Yb$^{3+}$ doping enhances gamma-ray shielding, with the 2 mol\% Yb$_2$O$_3$-doped glass exhibiting the greater fast neutron removal cross-section. In contrast, the 4 mol\% Yb$_2$O$_3$ sample showed a better charge particle stopping power and shorter projected ranges for electrons, protons, helium, and carbon ions. Monte Carlo simulations using the Particle and Heavy Ions Transport System (PHITS) code confirmed that these Yb$^{3+}$-doped barium phosphate host lead-free transparent glasses offer effective and eco-friendly protection against ionizing radiation such as photons, electrons, hadrons, and heavy ions, positioning them as promising alternatives for sustainable radiation shielding solutions.

Ultrahigh-pressure structural evolution of amorphous-Al <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> O <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> from acoustic velocity measurements

2025-06-23

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Broadband Transparent AlF3–ZnF2-based composite glass controllably synthesized for photonic application

2025-06-23

Wenkai Zhao , Longfei Zhang , Ruite Liu +5 more | Optics Letters

Cluster spin glass state in Ba <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> Sb <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> Co <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:…

2025-06-23

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Synthesis and structure of anisotropic borosilicate glasses under differential stress at high pressure and temperature

2025-06-22

Shingo Taniguchi , Akihiro Yamada , Tomohiro Ohuchi +4 more | Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Abstract Deformation experiments were performed on borosilicate glasses, 20Na 2 O‐50B 2 O 3 ‐30SiO 2 (labeled 253NBS) and 10Na 2 O‐80B 2 O 3 ‐10SiO 2 (labeled 181NBS), under … Abstract Deformation experiments were performed on borosilicate glasses, 20Na 2 O‐50B 2 O 3 ‐30SiO 2 (labeled 253NBS) and 10Na 2 O‐80B 2 O 3 ‐10SiO 2 (labeled 181NBS), under confining pressure condition at sub‐ T g conditions. Anisotropy in the glass decreased as the temperature approached T g due to the enhanced mobility of the glass structure. The 181NBS, which has a highly polymerized network mainly consisting of three‐coordinated boron (B III ), exhibited a high birefringence value comparable to that of quartz. Boron K‐edge XANES suggests that B III is oriented perpendicular to the principal stress direction. Furthermore, high‐energy X‐ray total scattering analysis indicated a layer‐like structure composed of B III interconnected by tetrahedral units, SiO 4 and/or BO 4 .

The Network structure and viscoelastical-rheological properties of multicomponent aluminosilicate glass

2025-06-20

Yuncheng Li , Liangmao Jin , Luyao Li +4 more | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Influence of Na2O and MgO concentrations on surface damage recovery in silicate glass: A molecular dynamics study

2025-06-19

Byeong Jun Kim , Yong Nam Ahn | Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Abstract This study explores the effects of Na 2 O and MgO concentrations on surface deformation recovery in silicate glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoindentation simulations show that increasing Na … Abstract This study explores the effects of Na 2 O and MgO concentrations on surface deformation recovery in silicate glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoindentation simulations show that increasing Na 2 O initially reduces surface deformation recovery due to Na cluster formation, which limits the elastic response of the glass. However, beyond 20% Na 2 O, Na ions integrate more effectively with the SiO 4 network, enhancing surface deformation recovery. This improvement is most significant at Na 2 O concentrations between 30% and 40%, where external stress is efficiently dispersed, promoting elastic deformation. The addition of MgO further enhances surface deformation recovery by suppressing Na clustering and enabling uniform Na distribution through diffusion channels in the glass network. However, this effect diminishes beyond a certain MgO concentration. These findings emphasize the critical role of controlled Na 2 O and MgO concentrations in optimizing surface recovery properties, providing valuable guidance for designing durable glass materials with enhanced performance.

Corrigendum to “Statistical variability in mechanical properties of amorphous silica predicted by molecular dynamics” [Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 655 (2025), 123444]

2025-06-19

Ephraim Bryski , Kedar Kirane | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Hole burning experiments and modeling in erbium-doped silica glass fibers down to millikelvin temperatures: Evidence for ultralong population storage

2025-06-18

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical Review Applied

Unveiling hidden particle-level defects in glasses

2025-06-17

Yuan‐Chao Hu , Hajime Tanaka | Nature Communications

In crystals, defects are well-defined and crucial to their mechanical properties. In contrast, the structural disorder in glasses makes it challenging to directly identify defects at the particle level. However, … In crystals, defects are well-defined and crucial to their mechanical properties. In contrast, the structural disorder in glasses makes it challenging to directly identify defects at the particle level. However, low-frequency quasi-localised modes (QLMs) in glasses provide valuable insights, acting as mechanical defects associated with shear transformation zones and soft spots. Using molecular dynamics simulations of two-dimensional glasses, we identify a particle-level defect responsible for generating QLMs. The primary QLM originates from a "key-core" square of four particles vibrating in a two-in, two-out pattern, interpretable as a microscopic Eshelby inclusion. The motion of these particles induces nearby volumetric and far-field shear deformations, forming a characteristic four-leaf pattern. Despite the structural isotropy of the glass, these QLMs introduce notable mechanical anisotropy, particularly in nano-sized glasses. Crucially, pinning the key-core particles dramatically reduces shear modulus anisotropy, confirming their role as "localised particle-level defects." This discovery deepens our understanding of glass defects and offers valuable insights for nanoscale glass applications.

Enhancing Ionic Transport and Dielectric Stability in xNa₂O-(0.3-x)TeO₂–0.40ZnO–0.30P₂O₅ Glass Systems for Energy Storage Applications

2025-06-17

Swagata Nandy , Souvik Brahma Hota , Rittwick Mondal +3 more | Journal of Electronic Materials

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of sodium borosilicate-based glass

2025-06-17

Kyoungyoun Kim , Un Yong Paek , Jong Guk Kim +1 more | Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis

Tetrahedral-hexahedral-octahedral transition of GeO2 glass at high pressure

2025-06-16

Xinguo Hong | Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Abstract Pressure-induced tetrahedral-octahedral transitions have been one of the central topics in high-pressure research due to the importance of SiO2 and GeO2 glasses in condensed matter physics and geosciences. However, … Abstract Pressure-induced tetrahedral-octahedral transitions have been one of the central topics in high-pressure research due to the importance of SiO2 and GeO2 glasses in condensed matter physics and geosciences. However, the existence and role of the fivefold coordinated structural unit remains elusive. While accurate determination of the different polyhedral structures in the glasses in high-pressure experiments is a formidable challenge, we have performed a comprehensive ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation and the results agree well with the local structure determined by HP-XAFS experiments. With increasing pressure, the fivefold-coordinated hexahedral GeO5 unit ([5]Ge) suddenly appears with up to 40% polyhedrons, while the sixfold-coordinated GeO6 unit ([6]Ge) is negligible. The hexahedral [5]Ge become the dominant polyhedral species in 15-25 GPa. The results indicate that hexahedral [5]Ge plays an important role in the formation of octahedral [6]Ge and that the commonly considered tetrahedral-octahedral transition of GeO2 glass at high pressure is actually a tetrahedral-hexahedral-octahedral transition.

Effect of CaO/MgO mixture on the structure and dielectric properties of alumino-borosilicate glass

2025-06-14

Yingxin Wang , Jun Xie , Zhanming Liang +5 more | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Molecular structure determination of acid-initiated sodium silicate sol-gels via Raman spectroscopy

2025-06-14

Marzieh Matinfar , John A. Nychka | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Low-Temperature Structural Study of Smectic CA* Glass by X-ray Diffraction

2025-06-14

Aleksandra Deptuch , Marcin Kozieł , Marcin Piwowarczyk +2 more | The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

The liquid crystalline compound, forming the glass of the smectic CA* phase, is investigated by X-ray diffraction in the 18-298 K range. The characteristic distances within the smectic CA* phase … The liquid crystalline compound, forming the glass of the smectic CA* phase, is investigated by X-ray diffraction in the 18-298 K range. The characteristic distances within the smectic CA* phase are determined, and the specific volume is estimated. The electron density profile along the smectic layer normal is inferred and compared with the results of the density functional theory calculations. Observations of the selective reflection of the visible light investigate the helical ordering within the smectic CA* glass. The results indicate slow change with temperature of the smectic layer spacing, intermolecular distances, and electron density distribution below the glass transition temperature. The change in the temperature dependence of the specific volume is well below the glass transition temperature. Meanwhile, the relative range of the short-range order within the smectic layers and the helix pitch are rather constant in the glassy state.

New Oxyfluoride Borate Glass-Ceramics:Prediction of Elastic Properties

2025-06-12

Ashraqat Ahmed Abdelrahim | Bulletin of Faculty of Science Zagazig University

Transformation of Highly Stable Two-Component Glasses with Large Tg Contrast

2025-06-11

M. E. Tracy , Erik Thoms , Anthony Guiseppi‐Elie +2 more | The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a method of glass formation in which molecules utilize enhanced mobility at the free surface to reach highly equilibrated amorphous states. Codeposited glasses, made by … Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a method of glass formation in which molecules utilize enhanced mobility at the free surface to reach highly equilibrated amorphous states. Codeposited glasses, made by simultaneously depositing more than one type of molecule onto the same substrate, are of technological and fundamental interest. Here, we use PVD to codeposit glasses of methyl-m-toluate (Tg = 170.0 K) and methyl acetate (Tg = 113.5 K), two molecules with extremely high contrast regarding their glass transition temperatures, Tg. For all compositions, we observe a delayed return to the equilibrium liquid when codeposited glasses are heated above the Tg of the mixture, as quantified by the onset temperature for the glass transition. When compared using normalized onset temperatures, the codeposited glasses have high kinetic stabilities that are only slightly lower than those of PVD glasses of the pure components. These results are readily interpreted if we assume that the surface mobility of the two components is similar during codeposition, despite the large ratio of Tg values for the pure components. Additionally, we deposit bilayer samples and measure the rate at which the lower Tg component dissolves glasses of the high Tg component for both highly stable and liquid-cooled glasses. Under these conditions, glass stability has little impact on the rate of dissolution.

Comprehensive characterization of xBi2O3-(0.45-x)Li2O-0.35TeO2-0.20P2O5 glasses: Influence of Bi2O3 concentration on thermal and dielectric properties

2025-06-10

Dipankar Biswas , Sukdeb Saha , Swagata Nandy +4 more | Physica B Condensed Matter

Accelerated low-temperature stabilization of glasses via thermo-ultrasonication

2025-06-03

Patrick E. Lynch , Тран Дай Лам , Ecem A. Yamac +7 more | MRS Bulletin

Luminescent properties and structure of Pr3+ - doped multi-component transparent lead zinc borate glasses for red LEDs

2025-06-01

Junping Shi , Lielin Wang , Qibiao Wang +5 more | Journal of Luminescence

The effects of Sm3+ and Ce3+/Sm3+ on the luminescent properties of Borogermanate Glasses: Calculation of J-O parameters and radiative Arguments

2025-06-01

Li Wang , Yuhong Xie , Zhongli Zhu | Inorganic Chemistry Communications