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Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Works Count: 76543

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This cluster of papers explores the impact of religion and spirituality on various aspects of health, including coping mechanisms, mental health, well-being, quality of life, end-of-life care, and social support. It delves into the relationship between religious involvement, spirituality, and health outcomes, providing insights into the role of faith in addressing physical and psychological challenges.

Keywords

Religion; Spirituality; Health; Coping; Mental Health; Well-being; Quality of Life; End-of-Life Care; Social Support; Psychological Adjustment

Soul searching: the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers

2005-12-01

Christian Smith , Melinda Lundquist Denton

Introduction 1. Two Baptist Girls 2. Mapping the Big Picture 3. Spiritual Seekers, the Disengaged, and Religiously Devoted Teens 4. God, Religion, Whatever-On Moralistic Therapeutic Deism 5. Teenage Religion in … Introduction 1. Two Baptist Girls 2. Mapping the Big Picture 3. Spiritual Seekers, the Disengaged, and Religiously Devoted Teens 4. God, Religion, Whatever-On Moralistic Therapeutic Deism 5. Teenage Religion in Social Context 6. On Catholic Teens 7. Adolescent Religion and Life Outcomes 8. Conclusion

Compassion

2005-07-05

Paul Gilbert

Part I: Conceptualisations and Research. Gilbert, Introduction and Outline. Gilbert, Compassion and Cruelty: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Wang, A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Research Related to the Physiology of Compassion and … Part I: Conceptualisations and Research. Gilbert, Introduction and Outline. Gilbert, Compassion and Cruelty: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Wang, A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Research Related to the Physiology of Compassion and the Wisdom of Buddhist Teachings. Gillath, Shaver, Mikulincer, An Attachment-theoretical Approach to Compassion and Altruism. Bierhoff, The Psychology of Compassion and Prosocial Behaviour. Worthington Jr., O' Connor, Berry, Sharp, Murray, Yi, Compassion and Forgiveness: Implications for Psychotherapy. Part II: Compassion and Use in Psychotherapy. Leahy, A Social-cognitive Model of Validation. Rinpoche, Mullen, The Buddhist Use of Compassionate Imagery in Mind Healing. Allen, Knight, Mindfulness, Compassion for Self, and Compassion for Others: Implications for Understanding the Psychopathology and Treatment of Depression. Gilbert, Irons, Focused Therapies and Compassionate Mind Training for Shame and Self-attacking. Lee, The Perfect Nurturer: A Model to Develop a Compassionate Mind Within the Context of Cognitive Therapy. Hackman, Compassionate Imagery in the Treatment of Early Memories in Axis I Anxiety Disorders. Bates, The Expression of Compassion in Group Cognitive Therapy.

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality

2006-06-01

Raymond F. Paloutzian , Crystal L. Park

Part I: Foundations of the Psychology of Religion. Paloutzian, Park, Integrative Themes in the Current Science of the Psychology of Religion. Zinnbauer, Pargament, Religiousness and Spirituality. Hill, Measurement in the … Part I: Foundations of the Psychology of Religion. Paloutzian, Park, Integrative Themes in the Current Science of the Psychology of Religion. Zinnbauer, Pargament, Religiousness and Spirituality. Hill, Measurement in the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality: Current Status and Evaluation. Hood Jr., Belzen, Research Methods in the Psychology of Religion. Corveleyn, Luyten, Psychodynamic Psychologies and Religion: Past, Present, and Future. Kirkpatrick, Evolutionary Psychology: An Emerging New Foundation for the Psychology of Religion. Part II: Religion through the Developmental Lens. Boyatzis, Religious and Spiritual Development in Childhood. Levenson, Aldwin, D'Mello, Religious Development from Adolescence to Middle Adulthood. McFadden, Points of Connection: Gerontology and the Psychology of Religion. Mahoney, Tarakeshwar, Religion's Role in Marriage and Parenting in Daily Life and during Family Crises. Part III: Religion and Basic Psychology Subdisciplines. Newberg, Newberg, The Neuropsychology of Religious and Spiritual Experience. Ozorak, Cognitive Approaches to Religion. Emmons, Emotion and Religion. Piedmont, The Role of Personality in Understanding Religious and Spiritual Constructs. Donahue, Nielsen, Religion, Attitudes, and Social Behavior. Part IV: The Construction and Expression of Religion. Park, Religion and Meaning. Exline, Rose, Religious and Spiritual Struggles. Paloutzian, Religious Conversion and Spiritual Transformation: A Meaning-System Analysis. Hood Jr., Mystical, Spiritual, and Religious Experiences. Spilka, Religious Practice, Ritual, and Prayer. Altemeyer, Hunsberger, Fundamentalism and Authoritarianism. McCullough, Bono, Root, Religion and Forgiveness. Geyer, Baumeister, Religion, Morality, and Self-Control: Values, Virtues, and Vices. Part V: Psychology of Religion and Applied Areas. Oman, Thoresen, Do Religion and Spirituality Influence Health? Miller, Kelley, Relationships of Religiosity and Spirituality with Mental Health and Psychopathology. Pargament, Ano,Wachholtz, The Religious Dimension of Coping: Advances in Theory, Research, and Practice. Shafranske, The Psychology of Religion in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. Giacalone, Jurkiewicz, Fry, From Advocacy to Science: The Next Steps in Workplace Spirituality Research. Silberman, Religious Violence, Terrorism, and Peace: A Meaning-System Analysis. Park, Paloutzian, One Step toward Integration and an Expansive Future.

Spiritually integrated psychotherapy: understanding and addressing the sacred

2008-02-01

Kenneth I. Pargäment

Part I: Introduction. A Rationale for a Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy. Part II: Understanding the Sacred. Spirituality: The Sacred Domain. Discovering the Sacred. Holding On to the Sacred. In Times of … Part I: Introduction. A Rationale for a Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy. Part II: Understanding the Sacred. Spirituality: The Sacred Domain. Discovering the Sacred. Holding On to the Sacred. In Times of Stress: Spiritual Coping to Conserve the Sacred. In Times of Stress: Spiritual Coping to Transform the Sacred. Problems of Spiritual Destinations. Problems of Spiritual Pathways. Part III: Addressing the Sacred. An Orientation to Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy. Initial and Implicit Spiritual Assessment. Explicit Spiritual Assessment. Drawing on Spiritual Strivings, Knowledge, and Experience. Drawing on Spiritual Practices, Relationships, and Coping Methods. Addressing Problems of Spiritual Destinations. Addressing Problems of Spiritual Pathways. Part IV: Conclusions. Steps Toward a More Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy.

Research on Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health: A Review

2009-05-01

Harold G. Koenig

Religious and spiritual factors are increasingly being examined in psychiatric research. Religious beliefs and practices have long been linked to hysteria, neurosis, and psychotic delusions. However, recent studies have identified … Religious and spiritual factors are increasingly being examined in psychiatric research. Religious beliefs and practices have long been linked to hysteria, neurosis, and psychotic delusions. However, recent studies have identified another side of religion that may serve as a psychological and social resource for coping with stress. After defining the terms religion and spirituality, this paper reviews research on the relation between religion and (or) spirituality, and mental health, focusing on depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, and substance abuse. The results of an earlier systematic review are discussed, and more recent studies in the United States, Canada, Europe, and other countries are described. While religious beliefs and practices can represent powerful sources of comfort, hope, and meaning, they are often intricately entangled with neurotic and psychotic disorders, sometimes making it difficult to determine whether they are a resource or a liability.

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Handbook of Religion and Health

2004-05-01

Harold G. Koenig , Michael E. McCullough , David B. Larson

Optimism, Social Support, and Coping Strategies As Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Growth: A Meta-Analysis

2009-08-26

Gabriele Prati , Luca Pietrantoni

This meta-analytic review examines the role of optimism, social support, and coping strategies in contributing to posttraumatic growth. Results from 103 studies showed that all three systems of variables yielded … This meta-analytic review examines the role of optimism, social support, and coping strategies in contributing to posttraumatic growth. Results from 103 studies showed that all three systems of variables yielded significant effect sizes. Religious coping and positive reappraisal coping produced the largest effect sizes. Social support, seeking social support coping, spirituality, and optimism were moderately related to posttraumatic growth. Acceptance coping yielded the smallest effect sizes. Moderator analyses showed that effect sizes did not differ according to time elapsed since trauma, gender, and type of posttraumatic growth measure (posttraumatic growth vs. benefit finding). Age and gender were significant moderators of religious coping, whereas study design (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional) significantly moderated the effect of positive reappraisal coping. Implications for research and interventions on posttraumatic growth are also discussed.

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Religion as a Meaning‐Making Framework in Coping with Life Stress

2005-11-16

Crystal L. Park

This article explores how religion, as a meaning system, influences coping with adversity. First, a model emphasizing the role of meaning making in coping is presented. Next, religion as a … This article explores how religion, as a meaning system, influences coping with adversity. First, a model emphasizing the role of meaning making in coping is presented. Next, religion as a meaning system is defined, and theory and research on the role of religion in the coping process are summarized. Results from the author's study of 169 bereaved college students are then presented to illustrate some of the pathways through which religious meaning can influence the coping process in making meaning following loss. Findings indicate that associations between religion and adjustment vary across time since loss, and that these associations are mediated by meaning‐making coping. Finally, implications for individual and societal well‐being and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp)

2002-02-01

Amy H. Peterman , George Fitchett , Marianne J. Brady +2 more

A significant relation between religion and better health has been demonstrated in a variety of healthy and patient populations. In the past several years, there has been a focus on … A significant relation between religion and better health has been demonstrated in a variety of healthy and patient populations. In the past several years, there has been a focus on the role of spirituality, as distinctfrom religion, in health promotion and coping with illness. Despite the growing interest, there remains a dearth of well-validated, psychometrically sound instruments to measure aspects of spirituality. In this article we report on the development and testing of a measure of spiritual well-being, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp), within two samples of cancer patients. The instrument comprises two subscales--one measuring a sense of meaning and peace and the other assessing the role offaith in illness. A total score for spiritual well-being is also produced. Study 1 demonstrates good internal consistency reliability and a significant relation with quality of life in a large, multiethnic sample. Study 2 examines convergent validity with 5 other measures of religion and spirituality in a sample of individuals with mixed early stage and metastatic cancer diagnoses. Results of the two studies demonstrate that the FACIT-Sp is a psychometrically sound measure of spiritual well-being for people with cancer and other chronic illnesses.

Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications

2012-12-16

Harold G. Koenig

This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based … This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1872 and 2010, including a few seminal articles published since 2010. First, I provide a brief historical background to set the stage. Then I review research on R/S and mental health, examining relationships with both positive and negative mental health outcomes, where positive outcomes include well-being, happiness, hope, optimism, and gratefulness, and negative outcomes involve depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, delinquency/crime, marital instability, and personality traits (positive and negative). I then explain how and why R/S might influence mental health. Next, I review research on R/S and health behaviors such as physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, and sexual practices, followed by a review of relationships between R/S and heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, immune functions, endocrine functions, cancer, overall mortality, physical disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. I then present a theoretical model explaining how R/S might influence physical health. Finally, I discuss what health professionals should do in light of these research findings and make recommendations in this regard.

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Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research.

2003-01-01

Peter C. Hill , Kenneth I. Pargäment

Empirical studies have identified significant links between religion and spirituality and health. The reasons for these associations, however, are unclear. Typically, religion and spirituality have been measured by global indices … Empirical studies have identified significant links between religion and spirituality and health. The reasons for these associations, however, are unclear. Typically, religion and spirituality have been measured by global indices (e.g., frequency of church attendance, self-rated religiousness and spirituality) that do not specify how or why religion and spirituality affect health. The authors highlight recent advances in the delineation of religion and spirituality concepts and measures theoretically and functionally connected to health. They also point to areas for areas for growth in religion and spirituality conceptualization and measurement. Through measures of religion and spirituality more conceptually related to physical and mental health (e.g., closeness to God, religious orientation and motivation, religious support, religious struggle), psychologists are discovering more about the distinctive contributions of religiousness and spirituality to health and well-being.

The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE

2000-04-01

Kenneth I. Pargäment , Harold G. Koenig , Lisa M. Pérez

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new theoretically based measure that would assess the full range of religious coping methods, including potentially helpful and harmful … The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new theoretically based measure that would assess the full range of religious coping methods, including potentially helpful and harmful religious expressions. The RCOPE was tested on a large sample of college students who were coping with a significant negative life event. Factor analysis of the RCOPE in the college sample yielded factors largely consistent with the conceptualization and construction of the subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCOPE in a large sample of hospitalized elderly patients was moderately supportive of the initial factor structure. Results of regression analyses showed that religious coping accounted for significant unique variance in measures of adjustment (stress-related growth, religious outcome, physical health, mental health, and emotional distress) after controlling for the effects of demographics and global religious measures (frequency of prayer, church attendance, and religious salience). Better adjustment was related to a number of coping methods, such as benevolent religious reappraisals, religious forgiveness/purification, and seeking religious support. Poorer adjustment was associated with reappraisals of God's powers, spiritual discontent, and punishing God reappraisals. The results suggest that the RCOPE may be useful to researchers and practitioners interested in a comprehensive assessment of religious coping and in a more complete integration of religious and spiritual dimensions in the process of counseling.

Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis

2005-01-01

Gene G. Ano , Erin B. Vasconcelles

A growing body of literature suggests that people often turn to religion when coping with stressful events. However, studies on the efficacy of religious coping for people dealing with stressful … A growing body of literature suggests that people often turn to religion when coping with stressful events. However, studies on the efficacy of religious coping for people dealing with stressful situations have yielded mixed results. No published studies to date have attempted to quantitatively synthesize the research on religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress. The purpose of the current study was to synthesize the research on situation-specific religious coping methods and quantitatively determine their efficacy for people dealing with stressful situations. A meta-analysis of 49 relevant studies with a total of 105 effect sizes was conducted in order to quantitatively examine the relationship between religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress. Four types of relationships were investigated: positive religious coping with positive psychological adjustment, positive religious coping with negative psychological adjustment, negative religious coping with positive psychological adjustment, and negative religious coping with negative psychological adjustment. The results of the study generally supported the hypotheses that positive and negative forms of religious coping are related to positive and negative psychological adjustment to stress, respectively. Implications of the findings and their limitations are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.

Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: Review and meta-analysis.

1985-02-01

Michael J. Donahue

Michael J. DonahueBrigham Young UniversityThe major findings of this meta-analytic review concerning intrinsic and extrinsicreligiousness are these: (a) Samples consisting of respondents with conservativetheological orientations seem more likely to display … Michael J. DonahueBrigham Young UniversityThe major findings of this meta-analytic review concerning intrinsic and extrinsicreligiousness are these: (a) Samples consisting of respondents with conservativetheological orientations seem more likely to display a negative correlation betweenintrinsic and extrinsic religiousness than do others, (b) Extrinsic religiousnesstends to be positively correlated with negatively evaluated characteristics, anduncorrelated with measures of religious belief and commitment, (c) Intrinsicreligiousness tends to be uncorrelated with negatively evaluated characteristics,and positively correlated with measures of religiousness, (d) A fourfold typologybased on median splits of the two scales is of little use when the dependentvariable is religious in nature, but with various nonreligious variables producesresults that may correspond to findings of curvilinearity observed with othermeasures of religiousness. Recommendations concerning the use of the intrinsicand extrinsic scales in future research are made. The article concludes with areview of recent conceptual developments by Batson (1976) and Hood (1978).No approach to religiousness has hadgreater impact on the empirical psychologyof religion than Gordon W. Allport's conceptsof intrinsic (7) and extrinsic (E) religiousness(Meadow & Kahoe, 1984).' Nearly 70 pub-lished studies have used Allport's ReligiousOrientation Scale (ROS), making it one ofthe most frequently used measures of reli-giousness.Research concerning / and E has beenreviewed in three current psychology-of-reli-gion textbooks (Batson & Ventis, 1982;Meadow & Kahoe, 1984; Paloutzian, 1983).Although these reviews are useful, they havenot closely examined a number of relevantissues, such as the I-E correlation and theI-E interaction. In addition to addressingthese issues, in the present review I seek toapply the techniques of meta-analysis (Glass,

Spirituality, religion, and health: An emerging research field.

2003-01-01

William R. Miller , Carl E. Thoresen

The investigation of spiritual/religious factors in health is clearly warranted and clinically relevant. This special section explores the persistent predictive relationship between religious variables and health, and its implications for … The investigation of spiritual/religious factors in health is clearly warranted and clinically relevant. This special section explores the persistent predictive relationship between religious variables and health, and its implications for future research and practice. The section reviews epidemiological evidence linking religiousness to morbidity and mortality, possible biological pathways linking spirituality/religiousness to health, and advances in the assessment of spiritual/religious variables in research and practice. This introduction provides an overview of this field of research and addresses 3 related methodological issues: definitions of terms, approaches to statistical control, and criteria used to judge the level of supporting evidence for specific hypotheses. The study of spirituality and health is a true frontier for psychology and one with high public interest.

Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy

1997-12-01

Brian J. Zinnbauer , Kenneth I. Pargäment , Brenda Cole +6 more

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Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning

1982-09-01

John P. Keating , James W. Fowler

Improving the Quality of Spiritual Care as a Dimension of Palliative Care: The Report of the Consensus Conference

2009-10-01

Christina M. Puchalski , Betty Ferrell , Rose Virani +7 more

A Consensus Conference sponsored by the Archstone Foundation of Long Beach, California, was held February 17-18, 2009, in Pasadena, California. The Conference was based on the belief that spiritual care … A Consensus Conference sponsored by the Archstone Foundation of Long Beach, California, was held February 17-18, 2009, in Pasadena, California. The Conference was based on the belief that spiritual care is a fundamental component of quality palliative care. This document and the conference recommendations it includes builds upon prior literature, the National Consensus Project Guidelines, and the National Quality Forum Preferred Practices and Conference proceedings.

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"From Jerusalem to Jericho": A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior.

1973-07-01

John M. Darley , C. Daniel Batson

The influence of several situational and personality variables on helping behavior was examined in an emergency situation suggested by the parable of the Good Samaritan. People going between two buildings … The influence of several situational and personality variables on helping behavior was examined in an emergency situation suggested by the parable of the Good Samaritan. People going between two buildings encountered a shabbily dressed person slumped by the side of the road. Subjects in a hurry to reach their destination were more likely to pass by without stopping. Some subjects were going to give a short talk on the parable of the Good Samaritan, others on a nonhelping relevant topic; this made no significant difference in the likelihood of their giving the victim help. Religious personality variables did not predict whether an individual would help the victim or not. However, if a subject did stop to offer help, the character of the helping response was related to his type of religiosity.

Religious Involvement and Subjective Well-Being

1991-03-01

Christopher G. Ellison

This study examines the multifaceted relationships between religious involvement and subjective well-being. Findings suggest that the beneficent effects of religious attendance and private devotion reported in previous studies are primarily … This study examines the multifaceted relationships between religious involvement and subjective well-being. Findings suggest that the beneficent effects of religious attendance and private devotion reported in previous studies are primarily indirect, resulting from their respective roles in strengthening religious belief systems. The positive influence of religious certainty on well-being, however, is direct and substantial: individuals with strong religious faith report higher levels of life satisfaction, greater personal happiness, and fewer negative psychosocial consequences of traumatic life events. Further, in models of life satisfaction only, the positive influence of existential certainty is especially pronounced for older persons and persons with low levels of formal education. Finally, there are persistent denominational variations in life satisfaction, but not in happiness: nondenominational Protestants, liberal Protestants, and members of nontraditional groups such as Mormons and Jehovah's Witnesses report greater life satisfaction than do their unaffiliated counterparts, even with the effects of other dimensions of religiosity held constant. Several directions for additional research on religion and psychological well-being are discussed.

The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A Five-Item Measure for Use in Epidemological Studies

2010-12-01

Harold G. Koenig , Arndt Büssing

There is need for a brief measure of religiosity that can be included in epidemiological surveys to examine relationships between religion and health outcomes. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) … There is need for a brief measure of religiosity that can be included in epidemiological surveys to examine relationships between religion and health outcomes. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) is a five-item measure of religious involvement, and was developed for use in large cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies. The instrument assesses the three major dimensions of religiosity that were identified during a consensus meeting sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. Those three dimensions are organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity (or subjective religiosity). The DUREL measures each of these dimensions by a separate “subscale”, and correlations with health outcomes should be analyzed by subscale in separate models. The overall scale has high test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.91), high internal consistence (Cronbach’s alpha’s = 0.78–0.91), high convergent validity with other measures of religiosity (r’s = 0.71–0.86), and the factor structure of the DUREL has now been demonstrated and confirmed in separate samples by other independent investigative teams. The DUREL has been used in over 100 published studies conducted throughout the world and is available in 10 languages.

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The Religious Commitment Inventory--10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling.

2003-01-01

Everett L. Worthington , Nathaniel G. Wade , Terry L. Hight +7 more

The authors report the development of the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10), used in 6 studies. Sample sizes were 155, 132, and 150 college students; 240 Christian church-attending married adults; 468 … The authors report the development of the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10), used in 6 studies. Sample sizes were 155, 132, and 150 college students; 240 Christian church-attending married adults; 468 undergraduates including (among others) Buddhists (n = 52), Muslims (n = 12), Hindus (n = 10), and nonreligious (n = 117); and 217 clients and 52 counselors in a secular or 1 of 6 religious counseling agencies. Scores on the RCI-10 had strong estimated internal consistency, 3-week and 5-month test-retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Studies 4 and 6) factor analyses identified 2 highly correlated factors, suggesting a 1-factor structure as most parsimonious. Religious commitment predicted response to an imagined robbery (Study 2), marriage (Study 4), and counseling (Study 6).

Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health.

2003-01-01

Lynda H. Powell , Leila Shahabi , Carl E. Thoresen

Evidence is presented that bears on 9 hypotheses about the link between religion or spirituality and mortality, morbidity, disability, or recovery from illness. In healthy participants, there is a strong, … Evidence is presented that bears on 9 hypotheses about the link between religion or spirituality and mortality, morbidity, disability, or recovery from illness. In healthy participants, there is a strong, consistent, prospective, and often graded reduction in risk of mortality in church/service attenders. This reduction is approximately 25% after adjustment for confounders. Religion or spirituality protects against cardiovascular disease, largely mediated by the healthy lifestyle it encourages. Evidence fails to support a link between depth of religiousness and physical health. In patients, there are consistent failures to support the hypotheses that religion or spirituality slows the progression of cancer or improves recovery from acute illness but some evidence that religion or spirituality impedes recovery from acute illness. The authors conclude that church/service attendance protects healthy people against death. More methodologically sound studies are needed.

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

2009-01-01

Michael E. McCullough , Brian L. B. Willoughby

Many of the links of religiousness with health, well-being, and social behavior may be due to religion's influences on self-control or self-regulation. Using Carver and Scheier's (1998) theory of self-regulation … Many of the links of religiousness with health, well-being, and social behavior may be due to religion's influences on self-control or self-regulation. Using Carver and Scheier's (1998) theory of self-regulation as a framework for organizing the empirical research, the authors review evidence relevant to 6 propositions: (a) that religion can promote self-control; (b) that religion influences how goals are selected, pursued, and organized; (c) that religion facilitates self-monitoring; (d) that religion fosters the development of self-regulatory strength; (e) that religion prescribes and fosters proficiency in a suite of self-regulatory behaviors; and (f) that some of religion's influences on health, well-being, and social behavior may result from religion's influences on self-control and self-regulation. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research.

The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory Research Practice

1998-09-01

Justin L. Barrett , Kenneth I. Pargäment

The daily spiritual experience scale: development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data

2002-02-01

Lynn G. Underwood , Jeanne A. Teresi

Spirituality and religiousness are gaining increasing attention as health research variables. However, the particular aspects examined vary from study to study, ranging from church attendance to religious coping to meaning … Spirituality and religiousness are gaining increasing attention as health research variables. However, the particular aspects examined vary from study to study, ranging from church attendance to religious coping to meaning in life. This frequently results in a lack of clarity regarding what is being measured, the meaning of the relationships between health variables and spirituality, and implications for action. This article describes the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and its development, reliability, exploratory factor analyses, and preliminary construct validity. Normative data from random samples and preliminary relationships of health-related data with the DSES also are included. Detailed data for the 16-item DSES are provided from two studies; a third study provided data on a subset of 6 items, and afourth study was done on the interrater reliability of the item subset. A 6-item version was used in the General Social Survey because of the need to shorten the measure for the survey. A rationale for the conceptual underpinnings and item selection is provided, as are suggested pathways for linkages to health and well-being. This scale addresses reported ordinary experiences of spirituality such as awe, joy that lifts one out of the mundane, and a sense of deep inner peace. Studies using the DSES may identify ways in which this element of life may influence emotion, cognition and behavior, and health or ways in which this element may be treated as an outcome in itself a particular component of well-being. The DSES evidenced good reliability across several studies with internal consistency estimates in the .90s. Preliminary evidence showed that daily spiritual experience is related to decreased total alcohol intake, improved quality of life, and positive psychosocial status.

The Religion-Health Connection: Evidence, Theory, and Future Directions

1998-12-01

Christopher G. Ellison , Jeffrey S. Levin

The volume and quality of research on what we term the religion-health connection have increased markedly in recent years. This interest in the complex relationships between religion and mental and … The volume and quality of research on what we term the religion-health connection have increased markedly in recent years. This interest in the complex relationships between religion and mental and physical health is being fueled by energetic and innovative research programs in several fields, including sociology, psychology, health behavior and health education, psychiatry, gerontology, and social epidemiology. This article has three main objectives: (1) to briefly review the medical and epidemiologic research on religious factors and both physical health and mental health; (2) to identify the most promising explanatory mechanisms for religious effects on health, giving particular attention to the relationships between religious factors and the central constructs of the life stress paradigm, which guides most current social and behavioral research on health outcomes; and (3) to critique previous work on religion and health, pointing out limitations and promising new research directions.

Religion, Social Networks, and Life Satisfaction

2010-12-01

Chaeyoon Lim , Robert D. Putnam

Although the positive association between religiosity and life satisfaction is well documented, much theoretical and empirical controversy surrounds the question of how religion actually shapes life satisfaction. Using a new … Although the positive association between religiosity and life satisfaction is well documented, much theoretical and empirical controversy surrounds the question of how religion actually shapes life satisfaction. Using a new panel dataset, this study offers strong evidence for social and participatory mechanisms shaping religion’s impact on life satisfaction. Our findings suggest that religious people are more satisfied with their lives because they regularly attend religious services and build social networks in their congregations. The effect of within-congregation friendship is contingent, however, on the presence of a strong religious identity. We find little evidence that other private or subjective aspects of religiosity affect life satisfaction independent of attendance and congregational friendship.

Conceptualizing Religion and Spirituality: Points of Commonality, Points of Departure

2000-03-01

Peter C. Hill , Kenneth II. Pargament , Ralph W. Hood +4 more

Psychologists' emerging interest in spirituality and religion as well as the relevance of each phenomenon to issues of psychological importance requires an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of each construct. … Psychologists' emerging interest in spirituality and religion as well as the relevance of each phenomenon to issues of psychological importance requires an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of each construct. On the basis of both historical considerations and a limited but growing empirical literature, we caution against viewing spirituality and religiousness as incompatible and suggest that the common tendency to polarize the terms simply as individual vs. institutional or ′good′ vs. ′bad′ is not fruitful for future research. Also cautioning against the use of restrictive, narrow definitions or overly broad definitions that can rob either construct of its distinctive characteristics, we propose a set of criteria that recognizes the constructs' conceptual similarities and dissimilarities. Rather than trying to force new and likely unsuccessful definitions, we offer these criteria as benchmarks for judging the value of existing definitions.

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Religiosity and Mental Health: A Meta–Analysis of Recent Studies

2003-02-12

Charles H. Hackney , Glenn S. Sanders

A meta–analysis was performed in an attempt to clarify the proposed relationship between religiosity and psychological adjustment. Specific focus was given to the issue of definition, namely, whether differences in … A meta–analysis was performed in an attempt to clarify the proposed relationship between religiosity and psychological adjustment. Specific focus was given to the issue of definition, namely, whether differences in researchers’ conceptualizations of religiosity and mental health could account for the various contradictory findings by psychologists of religion. Analysis of 34 studies conducted during the past 12 years revealed that the definitions of religiosity and mental health utilized by psychologists in this field were indeed associated with different types and strengths of the correlations between religiosity and mental health. Discussion of results assesses the fit between relevant theory and the pattern of change in effect size across categories of religion and adjustment, and concludes with implications for therapeutic uses of religious involvement.

Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events.

2003-06-19

Timothy B. Smith , Michael E. McCullough , Justin Poll

The association between religiousness and depressive symptoms was examined with meta-analytic methods across 147 independent investigations (N = 98,975). Across all studies, the correlation between religiousness and depressive symptoms was … The association between religiousness and depressive symptoms was examined with meta-analytic methods across 147 independent investigations (N = 98,975). Across all studies, the correlation between religiousness and depressive symptoms was -.096, indicating that greater religiousness is mildly associated with fewer symptoms. The results were not moderated by gender, age, or ethnicity, but the religiousness-depression association was stronger in studies involving people who were undergoing stress due to recent life events. The results were also moderated by the type of measure of religiousness used in the study, with extrinsic religious orientation and negative religious coping (e.g., avoiding difficulties through religious activities, blaming God for difficulties) associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, the opposite direction of the overall findings.

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Religiousness and Spiritual Support Among Advanced Cancer Patients and Associations With End-of-Life Treatment Preferences and Quality of Life

2007-02-09

Tracy A. Balboni , Lauren C. Vanderwerker , Susan D. Block +4 more

Religion and spirituality play a role in coping with illness for many cancer patients. This study examined religiousness and spiritual support in advanced cancer patients of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and … Religion and spirituality play a role in coping with illness for many cancer patients. This study examined religiousness and spiritual support in advanced cancer patients of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and associations with quality of life (QOL), treatment preferences, and advance care planning.The Coping With Cancer study is a federally funded, multi-institutional investigation examining factors associated with advanced cancer patient and caregiver well-being. Patients with an advanced cancer diagnosis and failure of first-line chemotherapy were interviewed at baseline regarding religiousness, spiritual support, QOL, treatment preferences, and advance care planning.Most (88%) of the study population (N = 230) considered religion to be at least somewhat important. Nearly half (47%) reported that their spiritual needs were minimally or not at all supported by a religious community, and 72% reported that their spiritual needs were supported minimally or not at all by the medical system. Spiritual support by religious communities or the medical system was significantly associated with patient QOL (P = .0003). Religiousness was significantly associated with wanting all measures to extend life (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.57).Many advanced cancer patients' spiritual needs are not supported by religious communities or the medical system, and spiritual support is associated with better QOL. Religious individuals more frequently want aggressive measures to extend life.

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The Emerging Meanings of Religiousness and Spirituality: Problems and Prospects

1999-12-01

Brian J. Zinnbauer , Kenneth I. Pargäment , Allie B. Scott

This article examines traditional and modern psychological characterizations of religiousness and spirituality. Three ways in which religiousness and spirituality are polarized by contemporary theorists are examined: organized religion versus personal … This article examines traditional and modern psychological characterizations of religiousness and spirituality. Three ways in which religiousness and spirituality are polarized by contemporary theorists are examined: organized religion versus personal spirituality; substantive religion versus functional spirituality; and negative religiousness versus positive spirituality. An alternative approach to understanding religiousness and spirituality is presented that integrates rather than polarizes these constructs, and sets boundaries to the discipline while acknowledging the diversity of religious and spiritual expressions. Directions for future investigations of these two constructs are presented.

Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five‐Factor Model

1999-12-01

Ralph L. Piedmont

This study reports on the development of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, a measure designed to capture aspects of the individual that are independent of the qualities contained in the Five‐Factor … This study reports on the development of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale, a measure designed to capture aspects of the individual that are independent of the qualities contained in the Five‐Factor Model of Personality (FFM). Using two separate samples of undergraduate students including both self‐report ( N s = 379 and 356) and observer data ( N = 279), it was shown that Spiritual Transcendence: (a) was independent of measures of the FFM; (b) evidenced good cross‐observer convergence; and (c) predicted a wide range of psychologically salient outcomes, even after controlling for the predictive effects of personality. Given the long theoretical pedigree of Transcendence in the psychological literature, it was argued that Spiritual Transcendence represents a broad‐based motivational domain of comparable breadth to those constructs contained in the FFM and ought to be considered a potential sixth major dimension of personality.

Intrinsic/Extrinsic Measurement: I/E-Revised and Single-Item Scales

1989-09-01

Richard L. Gorsuch , Susan McPherson

Factor analyses of traditional and age-universal measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religion have identified two subcategories of extrinsicness, suggesting the original scales need revision. In this study, confirmatory multiple group … Factor analyses of traditional and age-universal measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religion have identified two subcategories of extrinsicness, suggesting the original scales need revision. In this study, confirmatory multiple group factor analyses confirmed this suspicion, identifying extrinsic items concerned with social relationships (Es) and with personal benefits (Ep). The analyses resulted in a revised intrinsic scale which is now partially counterbalanced for acquiescence, an Es scale, an Ep scale, and three single items which may also be used for measuring these constructs. These scales, labeled I/E-R, have reliabilities equal to or better than those of the original scales.

The Psychology of Religion and Coping

1998-06-01

Susan H. McFadden , Kenneth I. Pargäment

Spiritual Well-Being: Conceptualization and Measurement

1983-12-01

Craig W. Ellison

Recent attempts to measure the quality of life or subjective well-being show promise for a more helpful and accurate appraisal of the collective and individual state of people than objective, … Recent attempts to measure the quality of life or subjective well-being show promise for a more helpful and accurate appraisal of the collective and individual state of people than objective, economically-oriented indicators have allowed. Unfortunately, the quality of life movement has virtually ignored the religious dimension of life and the part that such beliefs and practices play in well-being. In response to this void, Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) have developed a Spiritual Well-Being Scale which measures both religious and existential well-being. This article reports on the conceptualization of the spiritual well-being dimension, development of the scale, research which has utilized the scale, and suggests directions for future research.

The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach

1986-09-01

C. Margaret Hall , Bernard Spilka , Ralph W. Hood +1 more

Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning

1983-09-01

Richard A. Hoehn , James W. Fowler

Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors

1998-12-01

Kenneth I. Pargäment , Bruce W. Smith , Harold G. Koenig +1 more

This study attempted to identify positive and negative patterns of religious coping methods, develop a brief measure of these religious coping patterns, and examine their implications for health and adjustment. … This study attempted to identify positive and negative patterns of religious coping methods, develop a brief measure of these religious coping patterns, and examine their implications for health and adjustment. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, positive and negative religious coping patterns were identified in samples of people coping with the Oklahoma City bombing, college students coping with major life stressors, and elderly hospitalized patients coping with serious medical illnesses. A 14-item measure of positive and negative patterns of religious coping methods (Brief RCOPE) was constructed. The positive pattern consisted of religious forgiveness, seeking spiritual support, collaborative religious coping, spiritual connection, religious purification, and benevolent religious reappraisal. The negative pattern was defined by spiritual discontent, punishing God reappraisals, interpersonal religious discontent, demonic reap praisal, and reappraisal of God's powers. As predicted, people made more use of the positive than the negative religious coping methods. Furthermore, the two patterns had different implications for health and adjustment. The Brief RCOPE offers an efficient, theoretically meaningful way to integrate religious dimensions into models and studies of stress, coping, and health.

The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature.

1902-01-01

William James

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The funds, friends, and faith of happy people.

2000-01-01

David G. Myers

The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach

1998-03-01

Michael J. Donahue , Ralph W. Hood , Bernard Spilka +2 more

Handbook of religion and health

2012-10-01

Handbook of Religion and Health

2023-11-23

Harold G. Koenig , Tyler J. VanderWeele , John R. Peteet

Abstract The 2001 (first) edition of this Handbook was a comprehensive review of history, research, and discussions on religion and health through the year 2000. The Appendix listed 1,200 separate … Abstract The 2001 (first) edition of this Handbook was a comprehensive review of history, research, and discussions on religion and health through the year 2000. The Appendix listed 1,200 separate quantitative studies on religion and health each rated in quality on 0–10 scale, followed by about 2,000 references and an extensive index for rapid topic identification. The 2012 (second) edition of the Handbook systematically updated the research from 2000 to 2010, with the number of quantitative studies then reaching the thousands. This 2023 (third) edition is the most scientifically rigorous edition to date, covering the best research published through 2021 with an emphasis on prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. Beginning with a Foreword by Dr. Howard K. Koh, former US Assistant Secretary for Health for the Department of Health and Human Services, this nearly 600,000-word volume examines almost every aspect of health, reviewing past and more recent research on the relationship between religion and health outcomes. Furthermore, nearly all of its 34 chapters conclude with clinical and community applications, making this text relevant to both healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation therapists, counselors, psychologists, sociologists, etc.) and clergy (community clergy, chaplains, pastoral counselors, etc.). The book’s extensive Appendix focuses on the best studies, describing each study in a single line, allowing researchers to quickly locate the existing research. It should not be surprising that for the past two decades the Handbook has been the most cited of all references on religion and health.

What Compassion Is Not

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Factors that Facilitate or Hamper Oncology Nurse’s Delivery of Spiritual Care in China: A Qualitative Study

2025-06-25

Xiaohan Hu , Miaorui Jiao , Yanli Hu | Journal of Religion and Health

Christopher C. H. Cook, Isabelle Hamley &amp; John Swinton (2023) Struggling with God: Mental Health and Christian Spirituality

2025-06-25

Neil Cockling | Health and Social Care Chaplaincy

Christopher C. H. Cook, Isabelle Hamley & John Swinton (2023) Struggling with God: Mental Health and Christian Spirituality. London: SPCK, 140 pp. (pbk). ISBN: 9780281086412 Christopher C. H. Cook, Isabelle Hamley & John Swinton (2023) Struggling with God: Mental Health and Christian Spirituality. London: SPCK, 140 pp. (pbk). ISBN: 9780281086412

Spiritual Education of Children in a Post-Secular Context in the 21st Century: A Discussion Paper

2025-06-24

Dorte Toudal Viftrup , Anne Sofie Aagaard | Religions

There are many different perspectives on what the spiritual aspect of education entails, as well as how it should be addressed in a professional context. Spirituality has been defined as … There are many different perspectives on what the spiritual aspect of education entails, as well as how it should be addressed in a professional context. Spirituality has been defined as a central aspect of children’s overall development in Denmark since the Primary School Act of 1993, but at the same time public schools in Denmark are secular institutions not affiliated with any particular faith and a non-confessional spiritual education. This article addresses the concept of spiritual education of children in a Danish post-secular context by presenting and discussing different studies, knowledge, and definitions on children’s spirituality, as well as spiritual education of children and spiritual care for children. We point to the importance of the concept of “dannelse” or “bildung”, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s concept of “the basic movement of spirit”, and Hannah Arendt’s concepts related to “the life of the mind”, and thus what is meant by spiritual education. We conclude how educators, parents, and healthcare professionals should facilitate spiritual education through the perspective of “dannelse”, and we present a model for doing so through spiritual dialogue and relationships.

Religiosity, Health, and Social Factors in Young Adults During Covid-19 Pandemic

2025-06-24

Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva , A. M. Silva , Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos | International Journal of Latin American Religions

Abusive supervision and my reaction. Am I a compassionate nurse?

2025-06-24

Yusra Parveen Memon , Obed Rashdi Syed , Muslim Amin +2 more | International Journal of Workplace Health Management

Purpose The role of compassion in various contexts is well-documented in the literature. However, the aspect of how nurses’ reactions to abusive supervision are influenced by compassion in hospital settings … Purpose The role of compassion in various contexts is well-documented in the literature. However, the aspect of how nurses’ reactions to abusive supervision are influenced by compassion in hospital settings remains a less explored arena. This study examines how nurses’ psychological compassion moderates the relationship between abusive supervision, moral disengagement, and subsequent counterproductive work behavior in the hospital setting. Design/methodology/approach A rigorous self-administered online survey questionnaire was meticulously designed and distributed to the nurses in one public and two private hospitals. The survey link was also sent to the directors of the three hospitals, who were requested to forward it to their nurses. A total of 235 responses were collected and compiled for data analysis using SmartPLS. Findings The findings reveal a positive relationship between abusive supervision and counterproductive work behavior among hospital nurses, and that moral disengagement significantly mediates this relationship. However, the study did not find support for the moderating role of psychological compassion, which is an essential point for further exploration. Practical implications The study offers practical implications for hospital management and supervisors, who should foster a professional organizational culture characterized by transparency and quality relationships and encourage nurses through personal development and growth opportunities. Originality/value This study provides a foundational understanding of abusive supervision and nurses’ counterproductive work behaviors, grounded in moral disengagement and psychological reaction theories, by offering a comprehensive overview of supervisors’ influence on nurses. Moreover, the study addresses the prevalence of abusive supervision in hospitals within a developing country. Limited research exists on the subject in this context.

Beyond religious categories: Understanding differences between Muslims and non-Muslims in accepting parenting styles involving physical discipline

2025-06-24

Conrad Ziller , Teresa Hummler | Social Science Research

The benefits and costs of living out one’s calling: the antecedent and mixed effects of living a calling

2025-06-24

L.N. He , Baoguo Xie , Yi‐Hsin Yang +1 more | Current Psychology

God, are You There? Coping and Emotion Regulation Among Religious, Never Religious, and Formerly Religious People Experiencing a Spiritual Crisis

2025-06-24

Cindel White , Ángel Francisco Villarejo Ramos | International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

Kriz Manevi Danışmanlığı Bağlamında Dinsel Temelli Müdahale Yaklaşımları: Teorik ve Pratik Bir İnceleme

2025-06-23

Zeynep Karlık | Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi

Bu makalenin amacı, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz durumuyla karşılaşan danışana uygulanabilecek dinî temelli teorik ve pratik yaklaşımlar önermektir. Ayrıca dinî inanca sahip olmayan danışanlarda maneviyat temelli uygulanabilecek metotları belirlemektir. … Bu makalenin amacı, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz durumuyla karşılaşan danışana uygulanabilecek dinî temelli teorik ve pratik yaklaşımlar önermektir. Ayrıca dinî inanca sahip olmayan danışanlarda maneviyat temelli uygulanabilecek metotları belirlemektir. Bu metotlarla amaçlanan danışanın bilinçaltı ve bilinç unsurlarını birleştirerek aşkınlık işlevini gerçekleştirmesidir. Bu bağlamda makale (a) travmatik krizlerden (i) doğal felaketler, (ii) maddi kayıplar, (iii) hastalık ve sakatlık durumları, (iv) boşanma ve (v) ölüm ile (b) gelişimsel krizlerden (i) evlenme, (ii) çocuk sahibi olma ve (iii) emeklilik durumlarıyla karşılaşan danışanlara aşkınlık işlevini sağlayacak İslam dini temelli hangi yaklaşımların uygulanabileceği sorusuna yanıt aramaktadır. Bilişsel ve davranışçı kuram temelli bu metotlara Kur’ân-ı Kerim ve sünnette uygulanmış yaklaşımlardan; dua, sabır, zikir, tefekkür, ibadet, sponsorluk ve doğa maneviyatı olarak dinî temelli uygulamalar örnek verilebilir. Kriz durumlarıyla birlikte günlük bilinç üzerine çıkan zihin ve ruh belirli bir gerginliğe ulaşmakta ve Tanrı’ya yönelme ihtiyacı oluşmaktadır. Danışan dua tekniğiyle bilinçaltındaki olumsuzluklarla yüzleşmekte, sabır tekniğiyle öz benliğini kontrol etmektedir. İslam dininin kutsal kitabı Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de kriz durumlarında Allah’ın isim ve sıfatlarına yönelerek dua etme yönteminin uygulandığı görülmektedir. Hadislerde uygulanan metotlar arasında sorunların bireysel olarak ele alınması, koruyucu rehberlik yaklaşımı, düzeltici rehberlik, eğitsel rehberlik, gönüllülüğe dayalı rehberlik ile empati ve ikna yaklaşımı sayılabilir. Dini inancı olmayan bireyler için logoterapi, kabul ve kararlılık terapisi (act), hümanist terapi, Gestalt terapi ve öyküsel terapi ve rüya uygulamalarına maneviyat entegre edilerek uygulanabilmektedir. Maneviyat entegre edilmiş psikoterapilerde temel amaç danışanın yaşamda anlam bulmasını sağlamaktır. Buna ek olarak danışanın psikolojik esnekliğe kavuşması, büyüme sürecini serbest bırakması, öz-sevgiyi arttırması, zıt kutuptaki kişilik özelliklerinin birleştirilmesi ve öykülerle yaşamına yön vermesi sağlanabilir. Özet olarak danışanlara kriz durumlarında bireysel ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurularak farklı uygulamalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Bundan dolayı literatür taramasına dayanan tanıtma (deskriptif) türünde bir derleme niteliğindeki bu makalede, kriz durumlarında danışanlara uygulanabilecek alternatif dinî temelli teorik ve pratik yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak makalede, kriz durumlarında yaşamda anlam bulmak isteyen danışanlara inandığı değerler çerçevesinde çözüm sunacak, aşkınlık işleviyle oluşturulabilecek teorik ve pratik yaklaşımların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

From Home to Heart: Investigating the Mediating Role of Spirituality in the Relationship between Family Functioning and Character Strength

2025-06-23

Hetti Sari Ramadhani | Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology

Previous studies have demonstrated that character strength significantly influences students’ future success, with the dimension of humanity being a central aspect of individual character. This study aimed to examine the … Previous studies have demonstrated that character strength significantly influences students’ future success, with the dimension of humanity being a central aspect of individual character. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family functioning and students’ character strengths, with spirituality serving as a mediating variable. Addressing a gap in existing literature, this research highlights the dual influence of environmental and internal factors in the development of character strength—whereas previous studies have predominantly focused on external determinants alone. A total of 317 junior high school students participated in the study by completing an online questionnaire. The instruments used included the Values in Action Inventory for Youth (VIA-Youth), the Aspects of Spirituality (ASP) Questionnaire, and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Data were analyzed using JASP (Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistical Program). The findings revealed that spirituality significantly mediated the relationship between family functioning and character strength (β = 0.070, SE = 0.013, p < 0.001). Notably, the direct effect of family functioning on character strength (β = 0.158, SE = 0.023, p < 0.001) was lower than the total effect when the mediator was included (β = 0.228, SE = 0.024, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of spirituality as an internal mechanism that promotes prosocial behavior and contributes to the development of students’ character strengths. Additionally, positive family functioning plays a foundational role in shaping students’ intrinsic values and moral dispositions. The implications of this study support efforts to strengthen human development policies and interventions aimed at fostering resilient and virtuous youth capable of adapting to future societal challenges.

No rush: The relational time ethic and faith‐based medical clinics in the United States

2025-06-23

Carolyn Schwarz | Medical Anthropology Quarterly

Based on ethnographic interviews with healthcare professionals from faith-based, Christian clinics in the United States, I develop the concept of the "relational time ethic." This ethic refers to the ways … Based on ethnographic interviews with healthcare professionals from faith-based, Christian clinics in the United States, I develop the concept of the "relational time ethic." This ethic refers to the ways that healthcare professionals seek to build relations with patients as persons and to demonstrate their valuing of lives through time expansion. In advancing this ethic, healthcare professionals are in part reflecting on their own well-being but are primarily making moral claims about the high quality of their care and critiquing a bureaucratic time model for healthcare delivery. The on-the-ground intricacies of the relational time ethic further anthropological understandings of the religious justifications for care and critique in biomedicine and bring attention to the ways that time comes to be constructed as an ethical practice in and of itself.

Subjective religiosity and perceived control in later life

2025-06-23

Aniruddha Das | Social Science Research

Spiritual Counseling and Care Services in Belgium

2025-06-23

Silvia Mustika Sari , Turgay Şirin | Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi

The aim of this article is to examine the spiritual counseling and care services in Belgium. In this context, the history of spiritual counseling and care in Belgium, its areas … The aim of this article is to examine the spiritual counseling and care services in Belgium. In this context, the history of spiritual counseling and care in Belgium, its areas of practice, and the challenges faced in services provided to Muslim minorities are discussed. Considering that this field is newly developing in Turkey, it is emphasized that benefiting from the experiences of countries with well-established practices is of great importance. Accordingly, the necessity of studies that will contribute to the Turkish literature on spiritual counseling and care services in Belgium is highlighted. The documentation technique was preferred in the article, and sources in Turkish, English, Dutch, and French containing information about spiritual counseling and care services in Belgium were utilized. Based on the findings, it has been determined that spiritual counselors in Belgium operate in churches, hospitals, social services, and prisons. These services play a significant role in meeting the psycho-spiritual needs of various seg-ments of society. Additionally, it has been revealed that spiritual counseling and care services have a positive impact on individuals' psychological well-being. While there are many higher education institutions in Belgium that train spiritual counselors for Christian communities, there is no higher education program for training spiritual counselors to serve the Muslim minority group. However, some universities offer certificate programs, and relevant undergraduate and postgraduate programs are available at the Brussels Faculty of Islamic Sciences, established in 2007. This situation indicates that the institutionalization of spiritual counseling and care services for Muslim immigrant communities is limited. The most fundamental issue in services for Muslim immigrants is the training of qualified spiritual counselors. Although the Belgian government has permitted the establishment of institutions in this field, solutions regarding the recognition and equivalence of diplomas issued by these institutions remain insufficient. Furthermore, the lack of adequate roles assigned to Muslim counselors, especially in hospitals, stands out as another significant issue. These deficiencies restrict the access of Muslim immigrant communities to spiritual support services. In conclusion, despite the current challenges, positive developments are being observed in this field, and it can be predicted that Muslim immigrant communities in Belgium will be able to benefit more effectively from spiritual counseling and care services in the future. These developments will contribute to making the services more inclusive and sustainable. Moreover, equality-based approaches in service delivery will enhance respect for religious diversity.

Spiritual Care and Trauma REBOOT: An Interview Study of U.S. Course Graduates

2025-06-21

Leanne K. Knobloch , Jenny L. Owens , K. D. Pool | Journal of Religion and Health

Abstract Spiritual care is in demand among individuals coping with trauma, but the barriers to seeking and providing spiritual care in traditional clinical settings suggest the need for community interventions. … Abstract Spiritual care is in demand among individuals coping with trauma, but the barriers to seeking and providing spiritual care in traditional clinical settings suggest the need for community interventions. Trauma REBOOT is a 12-week, peer-led, Christian-based spiritual care course offered by trained volunteers in locations around the United States and online. We conducted the first study of the Trauma REBOOT program by interviewing 43 course graduates. Results revealed very positive perceptions of the course. Participants identified two reasons for attendance (seeking a program grounded in spirituality, looking for community), strengths of the program (structure of the curriculum, camaraderie among attendees), and avenues for improvement (preference for in-person format over remote format, more effective discussion leadership). They also described several effects of the course (more peace, transformed view of God, healthier boundaries in relationships, greater compassion for others, finding meaning in suffering). Based on these findings, we consider ways to enhance the delivery of spiritual care for trauma and refine the Trauma REBOOT program.

ESPIRITUALIDADE, RELIGIÃO, RELIGIOSIDADE E DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

2025-06-21

Jeciele Alves Campos , Iane Brito Leal | Revista fisio&terapia.

Spirituality and religiosity have gained relevance in the health field due to their contribution to coping with illness and promoting patients' emotional well-being. In the context of chronic diseases, these … Spirituality and religiosity have gained relevance in the health field due to their contribution to coping with illness and promoting patients' emotional well-being. In the context of chronic diseases, these dimensions can significantly influence how patients perceive illness and adhere to treatment. This study aimed to explore scientific evidence on the influence of spirituality, religiosity, and religion on the mental health and quality of life of patients with chronic conditions. A scoping review was conducted using articles available in the PubMed database, with specific descriptors in English. Of the 39 initially identified articles, 07 were included after full analysis. The findings indicate that spirituality and religiosity act as emotional protective factors, support treatment adherence, and contribute to more humanized care. The study also highlights the importance of health professionals’ training, especially nursing staff, in ethically and effectively integrating these dimensions into clinical practice.

Experiences of social work students at faith-based institutions

2025-06-21

Kathy Abney , Paul J. Williams , Jude Ozughen +1 more | Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought

Correlation Between Spirituality Levels and Self-Esteem Among First-Year Students in Health Science Programs

2025-06-21

Dwi Rahmah Fitriani , Indah Permata Sari , Milkhatun Milkhatun | Genius Journal

Introduction: Spirituality is one of the important aspects in human life that can affect various psychological aspects, including self-esteem. New students often face adaptation challenges that can affect their self-esteem. … Introduction: Spirituality is one of the important aspects in human life that can affect various psychological aspects, including self-esteem. New students often face adaptation challenges that can affect their self-esteem. Understanding the relationship between the level of spirituality and self-esteem is important to support student well-being, especially in the Health Study Program of the University of Muhammadiyah East Kalimantan. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of spirituality and self-esteem of new students in the Health Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan. Research Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. Measurement of spirituality levels was carried out using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) which has been adapted into Indonesian, while self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The research sample of 271 new students was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Spearman test to determine the relationship between the two variables. Results: The results of the study showed that out of 271 respondents, high spirituality levels were found in 59% of respondents, moderate in 40.2%, and low in 0.7%. Meanwhile, high self-esteem was found in 60.5% of respondents, moderate in 39.1%, and low in 0.4%. Statistical tests showed a p value = 0.000 (<0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between spirituality levels and self-esteem. The Spearman correlation value of 0.878 indicates a positive relationship with a very strong correlation strength. Conclusion: There is a significant positive relationship between the level of spirituality and self-esteem of new students in the Health Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan. This result indicates that increasing spirituality can contribute to increasing students' self-esteem.

Relationship between religious coping and post-traumatic stress disorder and professional quality of life of nurses working at COVID-19 wards: a descriptive correlational study

2025-06-20

Zohreh Sanavi Shiri , Pouran Tavakoli , Marzieh Momennasab | Frontiers in Public Health

Purpose Considering effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health and professional quality of life (PQoL) of nurses working at COVID-19 wards, it seems necessary to investigate the … Purpose Considering effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health and professional quality of life (PQoL) of nurses working at COVID-19 wards, it seems necessary to investigate the factors affecting adaptation and reducing adverse effects of this pandemic on nurses. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between religious coping with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and professional quality of life (PQoL) among nurses. Materials and methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 368 nurses working at hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this research, Mississippi scale for post-traumatic stress disorder (M-PTSD), Pargament’s brief religious coping measure (B-RCOPE) and Stamm’s professional quality of life (proQol) were used for data collection. Statistical significance was considered at p &lt; 0.05. Results The mean score of positive religious coping was 13.01 ± 5.22 (moderate) and the mean score of negative religious coping was 5.27 ± 4.57 (low). The mean PTSD score of nurses was 96.92 ± 18.17 and most of them were at the moderate level (92.9%). The scores of compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction were in the moderate range. The Spearman’s correlation test results showed a significant and negative correlation between positive religious coping and PTSD, and a significant and positive correlation between negative religious coping and PTSD ( p = 0.000). Moreover, a significant and positive correlation was observed between compassion satisfaction and positive religious coping ( p = 0.005), and a negative and significant correlation was found between compassion fatigue and secondary stress and positive religious coping ( p &lt; 0.05). The statistical test of multiple regression revealed a significant correlation between nurses’ positive religious coping and compassion satisfaction, as well as between nurses’ negative religious coping and secondary stress and PTSD ( p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Positive religious coping was correlated with reduced PTSD and improved PQoL among nurses.

Advancements and Challenges in Spiritual Care Over the Last Decade

2025-06-20

Yaelim Lee , Sojung Park | Holistic Nursing Practice

This study reviewed the literature on spiritual care published in the last decade to re-examine its necessity and importance, and to suggest future research directions. An integrative review was conducted … This study reviewed the literature on spiritual care published in the last decade to re-examine its necessity and importance, and to suggest future research directions. An integrative review was conducted on studies published from January 2014 to November 2024 using PubMed, Google Scholar, RISS, and KISS databases. Keywords “spiritual care” and “spiritual nursing” were used, and 288 studies were selected following PRISMA guidelines. A gap between perception and practice of spiritual care was identified, with time constraints, lack of education, and organizational support as major barriers. Spiritual care education was effective in enhancing competence of nurses and medical staff, positively impacting patients’ quality of life and emotional stability. Cultural background and religious beliefs significantly influenced spiritual care practice. Systematic and standardized education, organizational support, and multidisciplinary approaches are necessary for effective spiritual care implementation, reflecting cultural diversity and modern health care needs.

Influence of Early Life Experiences, and Religious Beliefs on Positive Mental Health among Undergraduates

2025-06-20

Ifeoma Ebele , Rejoice Ifeoma Odozie | Global Journal of Psychology

Mental health among undergraduate students has become a global concern, with traditional research focusing primarily on psychopathological symptoms rather than positive mental health indicators. This study examined the relationship between … Mental health among undergraduate students has become a global concern, with traditional research focusing primarily on psychopathological symptoms rather than positive mental health indicators. This study examined the relationship between early life experiences, religious beliefs, and positive mental health among Nigerian undergraduates, addressing a gap in non-Western mental health research. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 undergraduate students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using three validated instruments: the Early Life Experiences Scale (ELES), the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS-5), and the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH). Simple linear regression analyses were performed to test the study hypotheses. The sample comprised 66% females and 34% males, with 99% identifying as Christian. Early life experiences significantly predicted positive mental health, explaining 2.3% of the variance, with negative early experiences associated with poorer mental health outcomes. Religious beliefs also significantly predicted positive mental health, accounting for 7.3% of the variance, with stronger religious beliefs associated with better mental health. The findings demonstrate that adverse early life experiences negatively impact positive mental health, while religious beliefs serve as a protective factor, enhancing mental well-being among Nigerian undergraduates. These results support the integration of early life history and religious considerations in mental health interventions for university students in collectivistic, religious contexts. Keywords: Positive Mental Health, Early Life Experiences, Religious Beliefs, Undergraduate Students, Nigeria.

Religion’s manifold relationship with attitudes toward abortion in the US

2025-06-20

Soheil Sabriseilabi , Mahmoud Sadri , Andrew Tatch | Journal of Contemporary Religion

What Angel or Prince Is Like Your Redemptive Help?

2025-06-20

Matthew L. Walsh | Dead Sea Discoveries

Abstract The rhetorical flourish of 1 QM 13:14 has been interpreted as a reminder that the ultimate resource of the sectarian community is not an angel but the God of … Abstract The rhetorical flourish of 1 QM 13:14 has been interpreted as a reminder that the ultimate resource of the sectarian community is not an angel but the God of Israel. This reading, however, stands in tension with the many sections of the War Scroll that look expectantly to the eschaton for the martial “help” of the angels. This study will develop a lesser-known understanding of 1 QM 13:14: that no angel can compare to the “help” appointed by God, namely, the Prince of Light/Michael. Proposed reconstructions of the lacuna of 1 QM 13:14 and the relevance of a War Scroll-related fragment (4Q491 11 ii 14) will also be evaluated. It will be demonstrated that the ‮ עז׳׳ר ‬‎ root was frequently employed to describe angelic assistance in not only the War Scroll but also other Second Temple texts, indicating that the “redemptive help” of 1 QM 13:14 is most cogently read as the celebration of a divinely commissioned principal angel.

Race-based Traumatic Stress and Resilience: The Role of Spirituality Among Black Christians

2025-06-19

Veola E. Vazquez , Ana Catalán , Catrita Duhon +3 more | Journal of Psychology and Theology

Given the risks and negative outcomes associated with racism for people of color, in this study, we explored potential protective factors that might influence resilience among a community sample of … Given the risks and negative outcomes associated with racism for people of color, in this study, we explored potential protective factors that might influence resilience among a community sample of 272 Black Christians. Specifically, we assessed the moderating role of several Christian experiences in the association between appraised stressfulness of racist experiences and the development of race-based traumatic stress (RBTS) symptoms. Results revealed that Christian gratitude, Christian worldview, Christian contentment, communion with God, and Black racial church composition all moderated the association between appraised discrimination-related stress and RBTS symptoms, with higher levels of each variable associated with lower levels of RBTS. Clinical and social implications of each Christian experience as a protective factor are discussed.

Buddhist Practices and Mental Health Outcomes in Thailand

2025-06-19

Piriya Pholphirul , Kitisak Srijamdee | Journal of Religion and Health

Drug Use in Cults

2025-06-19

Chris Sterwald , Jason G. Roof | Cambridge University Press eBooks

Adolescents and Cults

2025-06-19

Amanie Salem | Cambridge University Press eBooks

What does religious provision and religious discrimination in prison have to do with Forensic Psychology? An ethical reflection

2025-06-19

Rachel Lawless | Forensic Update

Forensic Psychology is a multi-faceted area of academia and practice, however when suggesting research related to religion in prisons and discrimination, this required further discussion. Links to religion can be … Forensic Psychology is a multi-faceted area of academia and practice, however when suggesting research related to religion in prisons and discrimination, this required further discussion. Links to religion can be found throughout the prison and offending experience both as a risk and protective factor. It can be linked with various elements found within interventions. Discrimination whether direct or indirect, as well as disparity between religious provision can result in difficulties for the individual and the prison culture. With an increased focus on diversity, inclusion and person-centred approaches, this is a more prominent factor than ever. This paper aims to provide an exploration of the links and importance of religion as an element in forensic psychology for practitioners and the field more generally, and a consideration of how this could be considered as indirect discrimination.

Social psychological contributions to understanding the role of religion in human relationships

2025-06-19

Carissa Sharp , Jennifer E. Brown , Miguel Farias | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Church and Youth Resilience to Substance Abuse: Assessing Church Responses, Challenges and Gaps

2025-06-18

armstrong chanda | Al-Albab

Realising the fundamental role of the church in youth development and social work, the study investigates the responses, challenges and gaps in combating youth substance abuse by the church. It … Realising the fundamental role of the church in youth development and social work, the study investigates the responses, challenges and gaps in combating youth substance abuse by the church. It highlights the need for holistic interventions while emphasising the need for mental health resilience. The study employed a qualitative approach, combining document analysis and review of literary materials to assess church and substance abuse among youth, especially cases studied in the Philippines and Kenya. The findings indicate that the church’s interventions in youth substance abuse include moral teachings, awareness raising and support project activities. The study also underscores the importance of family dynamics in developing resilience against substance abuse. The major challenges faced by the church concerning youth substance abuse and promoting resilience include poverty and peer pressure, which hinder the youth’s desire to undergo interventions. Moreover, cultural stigma and denial from the parents or guardians block the youth from seeking help. Cultural belief systems also disrupt family connections, further underlining the need for robust support systems. An enormous gulf exists between the church and the youth, which undermines any preventative measures that might be undertaken. The research proffers useful pointers for policymakers, church leaders, and social workers regarding the lifestyle aspects that link faith, culture, and youth substance addiction. It recommends that the church customise its approaches to address the specific challenges faced by young people struggling with substance abuse, focusing on health, healing, and resilience, aligning with the challenges faced by different youths and the need for urgent attention.

Relationship between spiritual well-being with anxiety and depression among cancer patients

2025-06-18

Mohsen Vakili Sadeghi , Mohammad Ali Hossein Tehrani , Hajar Pasha +4 more | PLoS ONE

Background Spiritual health is one of the basic concepts regarding how to deal with the problems caused by the disease. Anxiety and depression are common psychological consequences that affect the … Background Spiritual health is one of the basic concepts regarding how to deal with the problems caused by the disease. Anxiety and depression are common psychological consequences that affect the treatment process in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to explore relationship between spiritual well-being with anxiety and depression among cancer patients. Methods A total of 200 eligible cancer patients were included in this cross-sectional survey. Questionnaires of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) were provided to patients. Results The mean anxiety and depression scores were 9.98 ± 3.74 and 9.68 ± 3.32, respectively. Nearly half of the patients had anxiety and depression disorders. Age (β = -.300, P = .017) was a significant negative predictor for anxiety, and also education (β = -.885, P = .004) was a significant and negative predictor for depression. The mean score of patients’ spiritual well-being was 76.61 ± 20.01, and its dimensions including existential well-being and religious well-being were 37.35 ± 9.78, and 39.27 ± 10.38, respectively. The majority of patients had a moderate level of spiritual well-being (81%). There was a statistically significant relationship between educational levels and spiritual well-being (P = 049), and religious well-being (P = 033). The spiritual well-being could significantly and negatively predict anxiety (β = -0.154, P < 0.001) and depression (β = -.134, P = < 0.001). There was a significant and inverse relationship between religious well-being with anxiety (rho = -.832, P < 0.001) and depression (rho = -.842, P < 0.001), and between existential well-being with anxiety (rho = -.830, P < 0.001) and depression (rho = -0.813, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between anxiety and depression (rho = 0.717, P < 0.001). The highest percentage of patients with depression disorder had more anxiety (75.6%). Conclusions Spirituality can serve as a protective factor for psychological morbidity. Spirituality wellbeing-based care programs are suggested as a good method to promote mental health in cancerous patients.

The convergent neuroscience of Christian prayer and attachment relationships in the context of mental health: a systematic review

2025-06-18

Egbert Haverkamp , Erik Olsman , Branislava Ćurčić‐Blake +4 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Background It has become increasingly accepted within psychotherapy to incorporate various forms of spirituality and religiosity to address the rising prevalence of mental health issues. This is well-founded, as a … Background It has become increasingly accepted within psychotherapy to incorporate various forms of spirituality and religiosity to address the rising prevalence of mental health issues. This is well-founded, as a growing number of findings report benefits of spiritual practices for individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress. However, science-based guidelines on how to embed spiritual practices in therapeutic interventions have not been developed, as the mechanisms by which human cognition, spirituality, and mental health interact—positively or negatively—remain largely unknown. Considering one of the most widely practiced religious behaviors worldwide, prayer, it is posited that the experience of interacting with God is psychologically comparable to human attachment bonds that are strongly associated with mental health. Method This systematic review assesses the attachment to God hypothesis by providing an overview of the neural regions implicated in Christian prayer and attachment relationships, exploring their potential convergence. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases, resulting in 44 included records that examine brain activity during prayer or the activation of the attachment system in adults. Results Evidence was found for convergence between prayer and neural correlates associated with the mentalizing module of attachment, comprising the default mode network (DMN) and areas associated with theory of mind (ToM), both related to social cognition. No significant differences were observed between prayer and attachment in regions connected to the approach and emotion (self-)regulation modules of attachment, whereas findings diverged for the aversion module of attachment, particularly in the insula. Discussion The findings highlight shared cognitive and affective dimensions of attachment and prayer. Future research is warranted to identify whether neural patterns observed in different attachment styles coincide with distinct neural patterns of (Christian) prayer, so that both positive and negative effects of prayer can be better understood and integrated into psychotherapy. Systematic review registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HYZPN .

Physicality of Spirituality: The Interplay of the Autonomic Nervous System, Prefrontal Cortex, and Spiritual Life in Light of Galatians 5:16-25

2025-06-18

Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes‐Martins , Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo , Kevin Mannoia | OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine

This article examines the complex relationship between the autonomic nervous system, the prefrontal cortex, and spiritual life, providing an interdisciplinary analysis in light of Galatians 5:16-25. Through a combination of … This article examines the complex relationship between the autonomic nervous system, the prefrontal cortex, and spiritual life, providing an interdisciplinary analysis in light of Galatians 5:16-25. Through a combination of theological reflection and insights from neuroscience, it explores how spiritual practices, such as meditation and prayer, influence emotional regulation, impulse control, and overall well-being. Studies in neuroscience have shown that regular spiritual practice can lead to measurable changes in the brain, such as increased cortical thickness in the prefrontal cortex, enhancing self-control and emotional resilience. Building on these scientific findings, the article introduces the concept of the “spirituality of physicality,” which affirms the deep connection between bodily health and spiritual well-being. Drawing parallels between the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and the struggle between the flesh and the Spirit described by Paul, the article suggests that spiritual growth and physiological health are intricately linked. It highlights how cultivating a balanced spiritual life influences both the body and mind, promoting virtues such as self-control, patience, and peace. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of further research on the connection between physical health and spiritual practices, offering a fresh perspective for theological and scientific communities. This holistic view challenges traditional dichotomies between body and spirit, presenting a vision of integrated human flourishing through the harmony of faith, neuroscience, and physiology.

God’s Plan, God’s Community? Divine Control, Congregational and Spiritual Support, and the Association with Subjective Well-Being in the United States

2025-06-18

Rachael Murdock , Laura Upenieks | Journal of Religion and Health

Death Anxiety Among Chronic Disease Patients: The Role of Spiritual Well-Being, Mental Health Issues, and Religious Beliefs

2025-06-18

Muhammad Shoaib , Noreena Kausar | OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying

This paper has been designed to examine death anxiety among chronic disease patients through the role of spiritual well-being, mental health issues, religious beliefs, symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, … This paper has been designed to examine death anxiety among chronic disease patients through the role of spiritual well-being, mental health issues, religious beliefs, symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, and life satisfaction among patients. The data have been collected from the patients facing chronic disease and admitted in public sector hospitals. A sample of 1377 patients has been drawn using a proportionate random sampling technique and a cross-sectional survey has been used as a technique of data collection. A self-administered structured questionnaire has been used and pilot testing has also been done on 30 patients. The study findings outline the favourable effects of religious beliefs and spiritual well-being in minimizing death anxiety specifically with operative psychological interventions for patients facing diseases. However, the study findings also conclude that mental health illness, symptoms of anxiety, and symptoms of depression had favourable effects to enhance death anxiety among patients facing chronic disease.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH END -STAGE RENAL DISEASE

2025-06-17

Miss TehminaTaj , Dildar Muhammad , DR Shah +1 more | Journal of medical & health sciences review.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between spiritual well-being and the quality of life among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study … Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between spiritual well-being and the quality of life among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at two public healthcare settings, the Institute of Kidney Disease and Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The sample, comprising 377 ESRD patients on a minimum of 6 months of hemodialysis, was selected using consecutive sampling. Data on spiritual well-being and quality of life were collected using the Urdu versions of the Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) scale and Quality of Life (QOL) scale, both with alpha-Cronbach's reliability coefficients of 0.82 and 0.74, respectively. Social and demographic data were also collected. Result: The study revealed a strong positive correlation (0.721, p<0.01) between SWB and QOL. Statistical significance was observed between these two variables (Chi-square = 81.511, p<0.001). Most participants exhibited a moderate to high level of total spiritual well-being (SWB) and a low to moderate level of quality of life (QOL). Additionally, the study explored the relationship between demographic variables and QOL and Spiritual Well-being. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being (SWB) was found to have a positive impact on the quality of life (QOL) of HD patients. Consequently, health systems, within the holistic framework of individual care, are encouraged to incorporate spiritual evaluation and care for HD patients. The findings emphasize the need for individualized treatment and care plans, recognizing the influence of socio-demographic factors on patients with the same disease.

The Impact of Guilt and Religious Reminders on Worship Delays: A Cognitive Dissonance Study

2025-06-17

H. A. Ahmed | Journal of creative writing.

This study investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying worship delay behavior among young Muslims through the lens of Cognitive Dissonance Theory. It focuses on the roles of guilt and religious reminders, … This study investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying worship delay behavior among young Muslims through the lens of Cognitive Dissonance Theory. It focuses on the roles of guilt and religious reminders, aiming to understand both their independent effects and interaction. Drawing on empirical and theoretical foundations, the study posits that emotional discomfort resulting from delayed worship—particularly guilt—can lead to either behavioral correction or avoidance. It further explores whether religious reminders can moderate this dynamic by reducing the impact of guilt on procrastination in worship. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used, with data collected from 133 young Muslim adults aged 16 to 39 across educational and religious settings. Standardized Likert-scale instruments measured guilt, worship delay, religious reminders, and cognitive dissonance. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, including multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression modeling. Results indicated that guilt significantly predicted worship delay behavior (β = .635, p < .001), accounting for a substantial portion of the variance (R² = .398). In contrast, cognitive dissonance did not significantly predict worship delay when entered alongside guilt. Moderation analysis revealed that religious reminders significantly moderated the guilt–worship delay relationship (β = –.200, p = .027), suggesting that exposure to compassionate religious cues may buffer the negative impact of guilt on spiritual procrastination. These findings offer practical implications for religious educators, spiritual counselors, and community leaders, emphasizing the importance of emotionally intelligent religious messaging in supporting consistent religious practice. Theoretically, this study extends Cognitive Dissonance Theory to spiritual contexts and highlights guilt as a key emotional mediator in religious decision-making among youth.

Spirituality in Nursing: Its Level and Impact on Nurses’ Well-being

2025-06-16

Kathryn D. Laxamana | Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies

Aims: This study explores the level of spirituality among registered nurses and its relationship to their personal well-being and professional practice. Spirituality is increasingly recognized as a critical component of … Aims: This study explores the level of spirituality among registered nurses and its relationship to their personal well-being and professional practice. Spirituality is increasingly recognized as a critical component of holistic healthcare, contributing not only to the emotional resilience of healthcare providers but also to the quality of care they offer patients. The primary objective of this study was to assess the spiritual maturity of nurses and to examine how various demographic factors—such as age, sex, years of service, and job position—correlate with spirituality in the clinical setting. Study Design: Descriptive statistics, including frequency counts, percentages, and rankings, were used to analyze demographic data. Inferential statistics, specifically the chi-square test of independence, were applied to explore associations between demographic variables and levels of spiritual maturity. Place and Duration of Study: MMG-PPC Cooperative Hospital and ACE Medical Center, between January-May 2025. Methodology: This study involved registered nurses (N=55) as respondents. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire divided into three sections: demographic data, spiritual maturity, and the perceived impact of spirituality in clinical setting. The second and third sections employed a 5-point Likert scale to quantify levels of spirituality and impacts of spirituality in the respondents. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were aged 21 to 25, predominantly female, and had fewer than three years of professional experience. Spiritual maturity was significantly associated with age, gender, length of service, and job position. Female nurses reported higher levels of spiritual engagement, and those in leadership positions were more likely to promote spiritually supportive environments. Conclusion: Older and more experienced nurses exhibited deeper spiritual awareness, likely stemming from accumulated life and clinical experiences. These study highlights the need for targeted support, mentorship, and continuing education to cultivate spiritual growth across all levels of nursing practice.

Hinduism in Zambia – Main Concepts of the Religion in Cognitive Perspective

2025-06-16

Agnieszka Podolecka , Joanna Jurewicz | Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies

There are approximately 4400 Hindus in Zambia, with five Hindu temples in Lusaka and two in Kafue. The majority of Zambian Hindus are descendants of people who migrated from India … There are approximately 4400 Hindus in Zambia, with five Hindu temples in Lusaka and two in Kafue. The majority of Zambian Hindus are descendants of people who migrated from India in the 20th century or from the boarder Indian diasporas. However, during our research temple priests and leaders said that there were about 60 indigenous Africans and 30 white1 Europeans who embraced Hinduism in their pursuit of spiritual growth and the feeling of protection. They frequent some of the temples included in this study. The aim of this paper is to explain how Zambian Hindus understand the concept of God, the belief in reincarnation and caste system, the extent to which Hinduism in Zambia is influenced by African Traditional Religions (ATR), and whether or not the Hindu community in Zambia deliberately engages in proselytising and converting the local populace. These issues are examined in an interdisciplinary approach. This paper uses two methodologies. While the first part uses the anthropological method, the second employs the cognitive approach (conceptual metaphor theory, CMT).

Addressing the spiritual needs of patients with serious illness in Lebanon: perspectives and practices of palliative care professionals

2025-06-16

Yahya Wehbeh , Rana Yamout , Zhimeng Jia +1 more | BMC Palliative Care

The Effect of Religious Coping Levels on Asthma Control in Asthmatic Adults in Türkiye

2025-06-16

Canan Bozkurt , Hülya Bulut | Journal of Religion and Health

Abstract This study examines the effect of religious coping on asthma control in asthmatic adults. The sample included 500 adults who visited outpatient clinics in western Türkiye between April 24 … Abstract This study examines the effect of religious coping on asthma control in asthmatic adults. The sample included 500 adults who visited outpatient clinics in western Türkiye between April 24 and October 30, 2024. The Patient Identification Form, Religious Coping Scale (RCS), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were used. The mean ACT score was 14.27 ± 3.81, with 81.6% of participants having uncontrolled asthma (ACT score ≤ 19). Multiple regression analysis revealed that positive religious coping was positively associated with better asthma control ( B = 0.287, p < 0.001), while negative religious coping was negatively associated with asthma control ( B = − 0.378, p < 0.001). The explanatory power of religious coping on asthma control was 15.4% (Adjusted R 2 = 0.154, p < 0.001). The indings highlight religious coping as a significant psychosocial support mechanism in asthma management, suggesting its potential to improve patient quality of life. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, should integrate coping support in asthma education.

I’m Stepping Away. Can You Cover for Me?—Supporting Faith-Based Practices

2025-06-16

Fawad Khan | JAMA Internal Medicine

This essay describes the author’s lived experience with balancing religious practices with practicing medicine. This essay describes the author’s lived experience with balancing religious practices with practicing medicine.

Positive Psychology Practices in Muslim Communities: A Systematic Review

2025-06-14

Gazanfer Anlı | Journal of Religion and Health

Abstract Psychology’s positive subfield emphasizes human well-being by concentrating on the strengths, virtues, and elements that promote it, as opposed to focusing solely on mental illness and disadvantage. Positive psychology … Abstract Psychology’s positive subfield emphasizes human well-being by concentrating on the strengths, virtues, and elements that promote it, as opposed to focusing solely on mental illness and disadvantage. Positive psychology interventions have gained international recognition, but their application and impact in non-Western societies, especially within Muslim communities, have not been thoroughly examined. Integrating positive psychology into psychotherapy practices within the Muslim community involves a distinctive blend of cultural, religious, and psychological factors. Practicing positive coping mechanisms through prayer and social support from the community is associated with better mental well-being. This study was carried out with the aim of providing a synthesis of articles on the practice of positive psychology in Muslim communities. Based on the search strategy as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria, four studies were chosen for further examination. These studies encompassed a wide range of populations, such as nurses and university students in Indonesia, humanitarian workers in the Philippines, and students in Malaysia. Participants across these four studies reported improvements in their psychological well-being, including heightened happiness, decreased stress levels, and increased post-traumatic growth as a result of positive psychology and Islamic-influenced approaches. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact and cultural appropriateness of positive psychology interventions among Muslim populations. It seeks to pinpoint optimal methodologies and potential avenues for further investigation by reviewing multiple existing studies.

Kişisel Gelişim Kitaplarında Dini ve Spiritüel Söylemler: Türkçe Literatür Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir İçerik Analizi

2025-06-14

Selin Bozkurt , Muhammet Ertoy | İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

Dinin modern toplumlardaki konumu çeşitli disiplinlerde ve pek çok teorik perspektifte tartışılmaktadır. Sekülerleşme teorisi, bu tartışmalar arasında öne çıkmaktadır. Sekülerleşmenin modernleşmenin kaçınılmaz sonucu olduğunu iddia eden bu teori, postmodern dönemde … Dinin modern toplumlardaki konumu çeşitli disiplinlerde ve pek çok teorik perspektifte tartışılmaktadır. Sekülerleşme teorisi, bu tartışmalar arasında öne çıkmaktadır. Sekülerleşmenin modernleşmenin kaçınılmaz sonucu olduğunu iddia eden bu teori, postmodern dönemde yeni dinsellik biçimlerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Bireyin, geleneksel dini inanç ve değerlerin kapsayıcı olduğu kadar koruyucu da olan kalkanından mahrum kalması anlam krizi, yalnızlık, yabancılaşma gibi çeşitli ve görece yeni sorunlara yol açmıştır. Bu sorunlar geleneksel dinsel, manevi çözümlere tekrar yönelişle birlikte yeni arayışları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Sonuçta neredeyse her bireyin kendi kişisel manevi alanını oluşturabileceği çoğul bir dinsellik gerçeği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bugün dinin gerilemesi veya çöküşünden değil, daha çok işlevlerinin dönüşüme uğramasından söz edilmektedir. Günümüz toplumlarında, dinin bazı işlevlerini karşılayabilecek yeni kurumsal veya bireysel alternatifler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bireycilik temelinde kişisel gelişim ve bu gelişimi destekleyen çözüm ve alternatifler de bu bağlamda değerlendirilebilir. Hem sekülerleşme süreci hem de maneviyat anlamında din, kişisel gelişimi teşvik etmektedir. Bu iki alandaki talep ve formüller, kişisel gelişim kitaplarında yeni bir dinsellik formu çerçevesinde birlikte yeniden inşa edilmektedir. Gücünü ve popülerliğini bireyin yüceltilmesinden hatta kutsallaştırılmasından alan kişisel gelişim kitapları, gerek anlam arayışına yönelik bir cevap sunmaları, gerekse yaşanan sıkıntı ve problemleri meşrulaştırıcı söylemler üretmeleri bakımından temel başvuru kaynaklarındandır. Bu çalışmada kişisel gelişim kitaplarının, referans çerçeveleri ve içerikleriyle işlevsel anlamda dine nasıl bir alternatif sunduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dini, tasavvufu ve spiritüalizmi referans alan kişisel gelişim kitapları, belirlenen anlam arayışı, çare arayışı, teselli, telafi ve meşrulaştırma kategorileri çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden kategorik içerik analizi tercih edilmiş ve bu kategorilere karşılık gelen dini ve spiritüel söylemler tespit edilmiştir. Bu söylemler; Yol, Yolculuk, Arayış, Bireysel Manevi Tecrübe, Yaratıcıya Güven, Sığınma ve Aidiyet, Tanrı Senin İçinde, Kader, İmtihan, İlahi Adalet, Sabır, Şükür, Tevekkül ve Teslimiyet şeklindedir. Çalışmada belirlenen kategoriler ve söylemler gözetilerek, amaçlı örneklem kullanılmıştır. Türkçe literatürde yayımlandığı yıldan itibaren en az iki baskı yapan maneviyat temalı kişisel gelişim kitapları arasından tercih yapılmıştır.

Spirituality and Pain among Post-treatment Cancer Patients in Poland: Mediation by Meaning in Life and Pain Coping Strategies

2025-06-14

Dariusz Krok , Ewa Telka , Marcin Moroń | Journal of Religion and Health

Spirituality has been found to have some protective effect against pain experiences in cancer patients, but its role in alleviating total pain is not well understood. Intervening factors such as … Spirituality has been found to have some protective effect against pain experiences in cancer patients, but its role in alleviating total pain is not well understood. Intervening factors such as meaning in life and coping with pain also have not been closely examined in cancer patients. This study investigated the serial mediating effects of meaning in life and pain coping on the relationship between spirituality-conceptualized in terms of religious attitudes, ethical sensitivity, and inner harmony-and total pain, which encompasses physical, psychological, social, and spiritual struggles among post-treatment cancer patients. A total of 285 patients (52.8% female) who had completed their treatment filled in self-report measures of spirituality, meaning in life, pain coping strategies, and total pain. Inner harmony was negatively related to physical pain, psychological pain, social pain, and spiritual pain. In contrast, religiosity was not related to any dimensions of total pain. Yet, religiosity was positively related to the use of some pain coping strategies, including diverting attention, reinterpreting pain sensations, ignoring sensations, praying and hoping, and increasing activities. The main indirect effect of spirituality as a latent variable on total pain occurred through presence of meaning, search for meaning, and three pain coping strategies: diverting attention, catastrophizing, and ignoring sensations. The findings indicate a serial mediation model in which the relationship of spirituality as a latent construct with total pain is mediated through two types of mediators (meaning in life and pain coping). Therefore, religiosity, ethical sensitivity and inner harmony taken together as a latent variable could be associated with lower pain due to finding meaning in life, avoiding unreflective coping, and diverting attention from aversive experience of pain.

The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Religious Orientation and Ikhlaas Between Religious Emphasis and Spiritual Well-Being Among Muslim Adults

2025-06-14

Anam Yousaf , Adnan Adil , Wajeeha Tahir | Pastoral Psychology

Spirituality, loneliness and mental health in Blackfeet American Indian adults

2025-06-13

Betty Henderson‐Matthews , R. Kothe , Skye Gilham +7 more | PLoS ONE

Prior work documents a relationship between spirituality and mental health in American Indians. Separately, a robust literature links loneliness to indices of mental health. The current study is grounded in … Prior work documents a relationship between spirituality and mental health in American Indians. Separately, a robust literature links loneliness to indices of mental health. The current study is grounded in Community Based Participatory Research methods and investigates the relationship between spirituality, loneliness and indices of mental health. In a sample of 276 Blackfeet American Indian adults, a linear regression controlling for age, gender, education and marital status showed that higher levels of spirituality predicted lower levels of loneliness (β = −.31, t(266)=−5.34, p < .001, r 2 change = .10). and lower levels of symptoms of depression= (β = −.24, t(267)=−4.02, p < .001, r 2 change = .06) and anxiety (β = −.33, t(267)=−5.94, p < .001, r 2 change = .11). Further analyses showed that higher levels of spirituality were linked to fewer symptoms of depression in part through lower levels of loneliness indirect effect (standard error, SE)= −.42 (.11), 95% CI= [−.65,-.23]. Similarly, higher levels of spirituality were linked to fewer symptoms of anxiety in part through lower levels of loneliness (indirect effect (SE)=−.46 (.12), 95% CI= [=−.70, −.26]. The findings offer preliminary evidence to support the notion that spirituality may confer benefits for mental health in part by decreasing loneliness for Blackfeet American Indian adults. Future work should investigate the social and behavioral pathways through which spirituality is linked to loneliness and mental health in this community.