Psychology › Social Psychology

Role of Positive Emotions in Well-Being

Works Count: 54327

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This cluster of papers focuses on the role of positive emotions, well-being, and mental health, encompassing topics such as positive psychology, happiness, subjective well-being, resilience, gratitude, and eudaimonia. It explores the impact of positive emotions on individual flourishing and the broader implications for mental health and societal well-being.

Keywords

Positive Psychology; Well-Being; Positive Emotions; Happiness; Subjective Well-Being; Resilience; Gratitude; Mental Health; Eudaimonia; Life Satisfaction

Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation

1990-11-30

Paul B. Baltes , Margret M. Baltes

The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, we review research on the nature of psychological aging in terms of seven propositions. Second, we present a psychological model for the … The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, we review research on the nature of psychological aging in terms of seven propositions. Second, we present a psychological model for the study of successful aging that, we contend, is consistent with the propositional framework. The approach advanced is based on the premise that successful, individual development (including aging) is a process involving three components: selection, optimization, and compensation. How these components of adaption are realized depends on the specific personal and societal circumstances individuals face and produce as they age.

Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well

2002-01-01

Aaron Antonovsky

Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence

1974-01-01

Richard A. Easterlin

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Character strengths and virtues: a handbook and classification

2004-09-01

Christopher Peterson , Martin E. P. Seligman

The classification of strengths presented in this book is intended to reclaim the study of character and virtue as legitimate topics of psychological inquiry and informed societal discourse. By providing … The classification of strengths presented in this book is intended to reclaim the study of character and virtue as legitimate topics of psychological inquiry and informed societal discourse. By providing ways of talking about character strengths and measuring them across the life span, this classification will start to make possible a science of human strengths that goes beyond armchair philosophy and political rhetoric. We believe that good character can be cultivated, but to do so, we need conceptual and empirical tools to craft and evaluate interventions.

Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes

1991-01-01

John P. Robinson , Phillip R. Shaver , Lawrence S. Wrightsman

The righteous mind: why good people are divided by politics and religion

2012-08-01

Jonathan Haidt

In The Righteous Mind, psychologist Jonathan Haidt answers some of the most compelling questions about human relationships: Why can it sometimes feel as though half the population is living in … In The Righteous Mind, psychologist Jonathan Haidt answers some of the most compelling questions about human relationships: Why can it sometimes feel as though half the population is living in a different moral universe? Why do ideas such as 'fairness' and 'freedom' mean such different things to different people? Why is it so hard to see things from another viewpoint? Why do we come to blows over politics and religion? Jonathan Haidt reveals that we often find it hard to get along because our minds are hardwired to be moralistic, judgemental and self-righteous. He explores how morality evolved to enable us to form communities, and how moral values are not just about justice and equality - for some people authority, sanctity or loyalty matter more. Morality binds and blinds, but, using his own research, Haidt proves it is possible to liberate ourselves from the disputes that divide good people. A landmark contribution to humanity's understanding of itself. (The New York Times). A truly seminal book. (David Goodhart, Prospect). A tour de force - brave, brilliant, and eloquent. It will challenge the way you think about liberals and conservatives, atheism and religion, good and evil. (Paul Bloom, author of How Pleasure Works). Compelling ...a fluid combination of erudition and entertainment. (Ian Birrell, Observer). Lucid and thought-provoking ...deserves to be widely read. (Jenni Russell, Sunday Times). Jonathan Haidt is a social and cultural psychologist. He has been on the faculty of the University of Virginia since 1995 and is currently a visiting professor of business ethics at New York University's Stern School of Business. He is the co-editor of Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well Lived, and is the author of The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom.

Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.

1989-12-01

Carol D. Ryff

Caracterización de Caracterización de

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Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions.

2005-07-01

Martin E. P. Seligman , Tracy A. Steen , Nansook Park +1 more

Positive psychology has flourished in the last 5 years. The authors review recent developments in the field, including books, meetings, courses, and conferences. They also discuss the newly created classification … Positive psychology has flourished in the last 5 years. The authors review recent developments in the field, including books, meetings, courses, and conferences. They also discuss the newly created classification of character strengths and virtues, a positive complement to the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (e. g., American Psychiatric Association, 1994), and present some cross-cultural findings that suggest a surprising ubiquity of strengths and virtues. Finally, the authors focus on psychological interventions that increase individual happiness. In a 6-group, random-assignment, placebo-controlled Internet study, the authors tested 5 purported happiness interventions and 1 plausible control exercise. They found that 3 of the interventions lastingly increased happiness and decreased depressive symptoms. Positive interventions can supplement traditional interventions that relieve suffering and may someday be the practical legacy of positive psychology.

The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions

2004-08-17

Barbara L. Fredrickson

The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an … The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire--whether through play, exploration or similar activities--positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well-being.

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The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.

1970-10-01

David Mechanic , Norman M. Bradburn

The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

2001-03-01

Barbara L. Fredrickson

In this article, the author describes a new theoretical perspective on positive emotions and situates this new perspective within the emerging field of positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory posits that … In this article, the author describes a new theoretical perspective on positive emotions and situates this new perspective within the emerging field of positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory posits that experiences of positive emotions broaden people's momentary thought-action repertoires, which in turn serves to build their enduring personal resources, ranging from physical and intellectual resources to social and psychological resources. Preliminary empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory is reviewed, and open empirical questions that remain to be tested are identified. The theory and findings suggest that the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength central to the study of human flourishing.

New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings

2009-05-27

Ed Diener , Derrick Wirtz , William Tov +4 more

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Positive psychology: An introduction.

2000-01-01

Martin E. P. Seligman , Mihály Csíkszentmihályi

A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. … A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of positive psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.

Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.

1989-01-01

Stevan E. Hobfoll

Major perspectives concerning stress are presented with the goal of clarifying the nature of what has proved to be a heuristic but vague construct. Current conceptualizations of stress are challenged … Major perspectives concerning stress are presented with the goal of clarifying the nature of what has proved to be a heuristic but vague construct. Current conceptualizations of stress are challenged as being too phenomenological and ambiguous, and consequently, not given to direct empirical testing. Indeed, it is argued that researchers have tended to avoid the problem of defining stress, choosing to study stress without reference to a clear framework. A new stress model called the model of conservation of resources is presented as an alternative. This resource-oriented model is based on the supposition that people strive to retain, project, and build resources and that what is threatening to them is the potential or actual loss of these valued resources. Implications of the model of conservation of resources for new research directions are discussed.

Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index.

2000-01-01

Ed Diener

One area of positive psychology analyzes subjective well-being (SWB), people's cognitive and affective evaluations of their lives. Progress has been made in understanding the components of SWB, the importance of … One area of positive psychology analyzes subjective well-being (SWB), people's cognitive and affective evaluations of their lives. Progress has been made in understanding the components of SWB, the importance of adaptation and goals to feelings of well-being, the temperament underpinnings of SWB, and the cultural influences on well-being. Representative selection of respondents, naturalistic experience sampling measures, and other methodological refinements are now used to study SWB and could be used to produce national indicators of happiness.

Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology

1999-01-01

Daniel Kahneman , Edward Diener , Norbert Schwarz

How Important is Methodology for the Estimates of the Determinants of Happiness?

2004-06-23

Ada Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell , Paul Frijters

Journal Article How Important is Methodology for the Estimates of the Determinants of Happiness? Get access Ada Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell, Ada Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell University of Amsterdam Search for other works by this author … Journal Article How Important is Methodology for the Estimates of the Determinants of Happiness? Get access Ada Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell, Ada Ferrer‐i‐Carbonell University of Amsterdam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul Frijters Paul Frijters Australian National University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 114, Issue 497, July 2004, Pages 641–659, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00235.x Published: 23 June 2004 Article history Received: 01 July 2001 Accepted: 01 September 2003 Published: 23 June 2004

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Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign

1979-06-01

Robert Karasek

The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?

2005-11-01

Sonja Lyubomirsky , Laura King , Ed Diener

Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health. The authors suggest a conceptual model to account for these … Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health. The authors suggest a conceptual model to account for these findings, arguing that the happiness-success link exists not only because success makes people happy, but also because positive affect engenders success. Three classes of evidence--crosssectional, longitudinal, and experimental--are documented to test their model. Relevant studies are described and their effect sizes combined meta-analytically. The results reveal that happiness is associated with and precedes numerous successful outcomes, as well as behaviors paralleling success. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that positive affect--the hallmark of well-being--may be the cause of many of the desirable characteristics, resources, and successes correlated with happiness. Limitations, empirical issues, and important future research questions are discussed.

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Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all?

1995-06-01

Richard A. Easterlin

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation

2007-11-27

Ruth Tennant , Louise Hiller , Ruth Fishwick +6 more

Abstract Background There is increasing international interest in the concept of mental well-being and its contribution to all aspects of human life. Demand for instruments to monitor mental well-being at … Abstract Background There is increasing international interest in the concept of mental well-being and its contribution to all aspects of human life. Demand for instruments to monitor mental well-being at a population level and evaluate mental health promotion initiatives is growing. This article describes the development and validation of a new scale, comprised only of positively worded items relating to different aspects of positive mental health: the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). Methods WEMWBS was developed by an expert panel drawing on current academic literature, qualitative research with focus groups, and psychometric testing of an existing scale. It was validated on a student and representative population sample. Content validity was assessed by reviewing the frequency of complete responses and the distribution of responses to each item. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the hypothesis that the scale measured a single construct. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Criterion validity was explored in terms of correlations between WEMWBS and other scales and by testing whether the scale discriminated between population groups in line with pre-specified hypotheses. Test-retest reliability was assessed at one week using intra-class correlation coefficients. Susceptibility to bias was measured using the Balanced Inventory of Desired Responding. Results WEMWBS showed good content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the single factor hypothesis. A Cronbach's alpha score of 0.89 (student sample) and 0.91 (population sample) suggests some item redundancy in the scale. WEMWBS showed high correlations with other mental health and well-being scales and lower correlations with scales measuring overall health. Its distribution was near normal and the scale did not show ceiling effects in a population sample. It discriminated between population groups in a way that is largely consistent with the results of other population surveys. Test-retest reliability at one week was high (0.83). Social desirability bias was lower or similar to that of other comparable scales. Conclusion WEMWBS is a measure of mental well-being focusing entirely on positive aspects of mental health. As a short and psychometrically robust scale, with no ceiling effects in a population sample, it offers promise as a tool for monitoring mental well-being at a population level. Whilst WEMWBS should appeal to those evaluating mental health promotion initiatives, it is important that the scale's sensitivity to change is established before it is recommended in this context.

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Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life

2002-12-23

Ed Diener , Shigehiro Oishi , Richard E. Lucas

Subjective well-being (SWB), people's emotional and cognitive evaluations of their lives, includes what lay people call happiness, peace, fulfillment, and life satisfaction. Personality dispositions such as extraversion, neuroticism, and self-esteem … Subjective well-being (SWB), people's emotional and cognitive evaluations of their lives, includes what lay people call happiness, peace, fulfillment, and life satisfaction. Personality dispositions such as extraversion, neuroticism, and self-esteem can markedly influence levels of SWB. Although personality can explain a significant amount of the variability in SWB, life circumstances also influence long-term levels. Cultural variables explain differences in mean levels of SWB and appear to be due to objective factors such as wealth, to norms dictating appropriate feelings and how important SWB is considered to be, and to the relative approach versus avoidance tendencies of societies. Culture can also moderate which variables most influence SWB. Although it is challenging to assess SWB across societies, the measures have some degree of cross-cultural validity. Although nations can be evaluated by their levels of SWB, there are still many open questions in this area.

On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

2001-02-01

Richard M. Ryan , Edward L. Deci

▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on … ▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.

Happiness: Lessons from a New Science

2005-01-01

Richard N. Cooper , Richard Layard

In this new edition of his landmark book, Richard Layard shows that there is a paradox at the heart of our lives. Most people want more income. Yet as societies … In this new edition of his landmark book, Richard Layard shows that there is a paradox at the heart of our lives. Most people want more income. Yet as societies become richer, they do not become happier. This is not just anecdotally true, it is the story told by countless pieces of scientific research. We now have sophisticated ways of measuring how happy people are, and all the evidence shows that on average people have grown no happier in the last fifty years, even as average incomes have more than doubled. In fact, the First World has more depression, more alcoholism and more crime than fifty years ago. This paradox is true of Britain, the United States, continental Europe, and Japan. What is going on? Now fully revised and updated to include developments since first publication, Layard answers his critics in what is still the key book in 'happiness studies'.

Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change

2005-06-01

Sonja Lyubomirsky , Kennon M. Sheldon , David Schkade

The pursuit of happiness is an important goal for many people. However, surprisingly little scientific research has focused on the question of how happiness can be increased and then sustained, … The pursuit of happiness is an important goal for many people. However, surprisingly little scientific research has focused on the question of how happiness can be increased and then sustained, probably because of pessimism engendered by the concepts of genetic determinism and hedonic adaptation. Nevertheless, emerging sources of optimism exist regarding the possibility of permanent increases in happiness. Drawing on the past well-being literature, the authors propose that a person's chronic happiness level is governed by 3 major factors: a genetically determined set point for happiness, happiness-relevant circumstantial factors, and happiness-relevant activities and practices. The authors then consider adaptation and dynamic processes to show why the activity category offers the best opportunities for sustainably increasing happiness. Finally, existing research is discussed in support of the model, including 2 preliminary happiness-increasing interventions.

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What Good Are Positive Emotions?

1998-09-01

Barbara L. Fredrickson

This article opens by noting that positive emotions do not fit existing models of emotions. Consequently, a new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset … This article opens by noting that positive emotions do not fit existing models of emotions. Consequently, a new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment, and love. This new model posits that these positive emotions serve to broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire, which in turn has the effect of building that individual's physical, intellectual, and social resources. Empirical evidence to support this broaden-and-build model of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for emotion regulation and health promotion are discussed.

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Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being

2006-02-01

Daniel Kahneman , Alan B. Krueger

Direct reports of subjective well-being may have a useful role in the measurement of consumer preferences and social welfare, if they can be done in a credible way. Can well-being … Direct reports of subjective well-being may have a useful role in the measurement of consumer preferences and social welfare, if they can be done in a credible way. Can well-being be measured by a subjective survey, even approximately? In this paper, we discuss research on how individuals' responses to subjective well-being questions vary with their circumstances and other factors. We will argue that it is fruitful to distinguish among different conceptions of utility rather than presume to measure a single, unifying concept that motivates all human choices and registers all relevant feelings and experiences. While various measures of well-being are useful for some purposes, it is important to recognize that subjective well-being measures features of individuals' perceptions of their experiences, not their utility as economists typically conceive of it. Those perceptions are a more accurate gauge of actual feelings if they are reported closer to the time of, and in direct reference to, the actual experience. We conclude by proposing the U-index, a misery index of sorts, which measures the proportion of time that people spend in an unpleasant state, and has the virtue of not requiring a cardinal conception of individuals' feelings.

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Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

2003-01-01

James J. Gross , Oliver P. John

Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and … Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships. Study 1 presents new measures of the habitual use of reappraisal and suppression. Study 2 examines convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 shows that reappraisers experience and express greater positive emotion and lesser negative emotion, whereas suppressors experience and express lesser positive emotion, yet experience greater negative emotion. Study 4 indicates that using reappraisal is associated with better interpersonal functioning, whereas using suppression is associated with worse interpersonal functioning. Study 5 shows that using reappraisal is related positively to well-being, whereas using suppression is related negatively.

Coping: Pitfalls and Promise

2004-01-27

Susan Folkman , Judith T. Moskowitz

Coping, defined as the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful, has been a focus of research in the … Coping, defined as the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful, has been a focus of research in the social sciences for more than three decades. The dramatic proliferation of coping research has spawned healthy debate and criticism and offered insight into the question of why some individuals fare better than others do when encountering stress in their lives. We briefly review the history of contemporary coping research with adults. We discuss three primary challenges for coping researchers (measurement, nomenclature, and effectiveness), and highlight recent developments in coping theory and research that hold promise for the field, including previously unaddressed aspects of coping, new measurement approaches, and focus on positive affective outcomes.

The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life.

2006-01-01

Michael F. Steger , Patricia Frazier , Shigehiro Oishi +1 more

Counseling psychologists often work with clients to increase their well-being as well as to decrease their distress. One important aspect of well-being, highlighted particularly in humanistic theories of the counseling … Counseling psychologists often work with clients to increase their well-being as well as to decrease their distress. One important aspect of well-being, highlighted particularly in humanistic theories of the counseling process, is perceived meaning in life. However, poor measurement has hampered research on meaning in life. In 3 studies, evidence is provided for the internal consistency, temporal stability, factor structure, and validity of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), a new 10-item measure of the presence of, and the search for, meaning in life. A multitrait-multimethod matrix demonstrates the convergent and discriminant validity of the MLQ subscales across time and informants, in comparison with 2 other meaning scales. The MLQ offers several improvements over current meaning in life measures, including no item overlap with distress measures, a stable factor structure, better discriminant validity, a briefer format, and the ability to measure the search for meaning.

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Coping theory and research: past, present, and future.

1993-05-01

Richard S. Lazarus

In this essay in honor of Donald Oken, I emphasize coping as a key concept for theory and research on adaptation and health. My focus will be the contrasts between … In this essay in honor of Donald Oken, I emphasize coping as a key concept for theory and research on adaptation and health. My focus will be the contrasts between two approaches to coping, one that emphasizes style—that is, it treats coping as a personality characteristic—and another that emphasizes process—that is, efforts to manage stress that change over time and are shaped by the adaptational context out of which it is generated. I begin with an account of the style and process approaches, discuss their history briefly, set forth the principles of a process approach, describe my own efforts at measurement, and define coping and its functions from a process standpoint. This is followed by a digest of major generalizations that resulted from coping process research. The essay concludes with a discussion of special issues of coping measurement, in particular, the limitations of both coping style and process approaches and how these limitations might be dealt with. There has been a prodigious volume of coping research in the last decade or two, which I can only touch on very selectively. In this essay, I also ignore a host of important developmental issues that have to do with the emergence of coping and its cognitive and motivational bases in infants, as well as a growing literature on whether, how, and why the coping process changes with aging.

The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life

2002-06-01

Corey L. M. Keyes

This paper introduces and applies an operationalization of mental health as a syndrome of symptoms of positive feelings and positive functioning in life. Dimensions and scales of subjective well-being are … This paper introduces and applies an operationalization of mental health as a syndrome of symptoms of positive feelings and positive functioning in life. Dimensions and scales of subjective well-being are reviewed and conceived of as mental health symptoms. A diagnosis of the presence of mental health, described as flourishing, and the absence of mental health, characterized as languishing, is applied to data from the 1995 Midlife in the United States study of adults between the ages of 25 and 74 (n = 3,032). Findings revealed that 17.2 percent fit the criteria for flourishing, 56.6 percent were moderately mentally healthy, 12.1 percent of adults fit the criteria for languishing, and 14.1 percent fit the criteria for DSM-III-R major depressive episode (12-month), of which 9.4 percent were not languishing and 4.7 percent were also languishing. The risk of a major depressive episode was two times more likely among languishing than moderately mentally healthy adults, and nearly six times greater among languishing than flourishing adults. Multivariate analyses revealed that languishing and depression were associated with significant psychosocial impairment in terms of perceived emotional health, limitations of activities of daily living, and workdays lost or cutback. Flourishing and moderate mental health were associated with superior profiles of psychosocial functioning. The descriptive epidemiology revealed that males, older adults, more educated individuals, and married adults were more likely to be mentally healthy. Implications for the conception of mental health and the treatment and prevention of mental illness are discussed.

Satisfaction and comparison income

1996-09-01

Andrew E. Clark , Andrew J. Oswald

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Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation.

1989-05-01

Edmund G. Doherty , Alice H. Eagly

Subjective well-being.

1984-05-01

Ed Diener

The literature on subjective well-being (SWB), including happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, is reviewed in three areas: measurement, causal factors, and theory. Psychometric data on single-item and multi-item subjective … The literature on subjective well-being (SWB), including happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, is reviewed in three areas: measurement, causal factors, and theory. Psychometric data on single-item and multi-item subjective well-being scales are presented, and the measures are compared. Measuring various components of subjective well-being is discussed. In terms of causal influences, research findings on the demographic correlates of SWB are evaluated, as well as the findings on other influences such as health, social contact, activity, and personality. A number of theoretical approaches to happiness are presented and discussed: telic theories, associationistic models, activity theories, judgment approaches, and top-down versus bottom-up conceptions.

Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale

2009-01-01

William Pavot , Ed Diener

The Satisfaction With Life Scale

1985-02-01

E Diener , Robert A. Emmons , Randy J. Larsen +1 more

This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS … This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is Suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.

Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.

1999-03-01

Ed Diener , Eunkook M. Suh , Richard E. Lucas +1 more

W. Wilson's (1967) review of the area of subjective well-being (SWB) advanced several conclusions regarding those who report high levels of A number of his conclusions have been overturned: youth … W. Wilson's (1967) review of the area of subjective well-being (SWB) advanced several conclusions regarding those who report high levels of A number of his conclusions have been overturned: youth and modest aspirations no longer are seen as prerequisites of SWB. E. Diener's (1984) review placed greater emphasis on theories that stressed psychological factors. In the current article, the authors review current evidence for Wilson's conclusions and discuss modern theories of SWB that stress dispositional influences, adaptation, goals, and coping strategies. The next steps in the evolution of the field are to comprehend the interaction of psychological factors with life circumstances in producing SWB, to understand the causal pathways leading to happiness, understand the processes underlying adaptation to events, and develop theories that explain why certain variables differentially influence the different components of SWB (life satisfaction, pleasant affect, and unpleasant affect). In 1967, Warner Wilson presented a broad review of subjective well-being (SWB) research entitled, Correlates of Avowed Happiness. Based on the limited data available at that time, Wilson concluded that the happy person is a young, healthy, welleducated, well-paid, extroverted, optimistic, worry-free, religious, married person with high self-esteem, job morale, modest aspirations, of either sex and of a wide range of intelligence (p. 294). In the three decades since Wilson's review, investigations into SWB have evolved. Although researchers now know a great deal more about the correlates of SWB, they are less interested in simply describing the demographic characteristics that correlate with it. Instead, they focus their effort on understanding the processes that underlie happiness. This trend represents a greater recognition of the central role played by people's goals, coping efforts, and dispositions. In this article, we review research on several major theoretical approaches to well-being and then indicate how these theories clarify the findings on demographic correlates of SWB. Throughout the review we suggest four directions that researchers should pursue in the decades ahead. These are by no means the only questions left to answer, but we believe they are the most interesting issues left to resolve. First, the causal direction of the correlates of happiness must be examined through more sophisticated methodologies. Although the causal priority of demographic factors such as marriage and income is intuitively appealing, it is by no means certain. Second, researchers must focus greater attention on the interaction between internal factors (such as personality traits) and external circumstances. As we shall see, demographic factors have surprisingly small effects on SWB, but these effects may depend on the personalities of those individuals being studied. Thus, future research must take Person X Situation interactions into account. Third, researchers must strive to understand the processes underlying adaptation. Considerable adaptation to both good and bad circumstances often occurs, yet the processes responsible for these effects are poorly understood. Research that examines how habituation, coping strategies, and changing goals influence adaptation will shed much light on the processes responsible for SWB. Finally, theories must be refined to make specific predictions about how input variables differentially influence the components of SWB. In the past, many researchers have treated SWB as a monolithic entity, but it is now clear that there are separable components that exhibit unique patterns of relations with different variables. In each section of this article we discuss progress and opportunities in these four areas.

Social Indicators of Well-Being

1976-01-01

Frank M. Andrews , Stephen B. Withey

Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale.

1993-06-01

William Pavot , Ed Diener

The structure of psychological well-being revisited.

1995-01-01

Carol D. Ryff , Corey L. M. Keyes

The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

2001-01-01

Barbara L. Fredrickson

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Positive psychology: An introduction.

2000-01-01

Martin E. P. Seligman , Mihály Csíkszentmihályi

Subjective well-being.

1984-01-01

Ed Diener

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

1988-01-01

David Watson , Lee Anna Clark , Auke Tellegen

The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2015-01-01

Christian Winther Topp , Søren Dinesen Østergaard , Susan Søndergaard +1 more

Background: The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is among the most widely used questionnaires assessing subjective psychological well-being. Since its first publication in 1998, the WHO-5 has been … Background: The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is among the most widely used questionnaires assessing subjective psychological well-being. Since its first publication in 1998, the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 languages and has been used in research studies all over the world. We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for literature on the WHO-5 in PubMed and PsycINFO in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In our review of the identified articles, we focused particularly on the following aspects: (1) the clinimetric validity of the WHO-5; (2) the responsiveness/sensitivity of the WHO-5 in controlled clinical trials; (3) the potential of the WHO-5 as a screening tool for depression, and (4) the applicability of the WHO-5 across study fields. Results: A total of 213 articles met the predefined criteria for inclusion in the review. The review demonstrated that the WHO-5 has high clinimetric validity, can be used as an outcome measure balancing the wanted and unwanted effects of treatments, is a sensitive and specific screening tool for depression and its applicability across study fields is very high. Conclusions: The WHO-5 is a short questionnaire consisting of 5 simple and non-invasive questions, which tap into the subjective well-being of the respondents. The scale has adequate validity both as a screening tool for depression and as an outcome measure in clinical trials and has been applied successfully across a wide range of study fields.

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Toward a consensual structure of mood.

1985-01-01

David Watson , Auke Tellegen

Social exclusion and flourishing in junior high school students: Mediation of ego depletion and moderation of self-compassion

2025-06-26

Hui Zhao , Bangdan Liu , Ying Huang | Current Psychology

Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico en Adolescentes Tempranos Mexicanos

2025-06-25

María Enriqueta Sánchez Hernández , Patricia Andrade Palos | PSICUMEX

El bienestar psicológico es un indicador importante del desarrollo positivo de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, en México y para esta población, existen pocos instrumentos con calidad psicométrica adecuada para medirlo. … El bienestar psicológico es un indicador importante del desarrollo positivo de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, en México y para esta población, existen pocos instrumentos con calidad psicométrica adecuada para medirlo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las características psicométricas de la escala de bienestar psicológico para adolescentes (BP-A) en adolescentes tempranos. La muestra fue no probabilística, participaron 1003 estudiantes de secundaria (M = 13, DE = 0.92). La escala BP-A cuenta con 29 reactivos tipo Likert. El modelo factorial confirmatorio quedó compuesto de 17 reactivos distribuidos en cinco factores (propósito de vida, autoaceptación, control personal, crecimiento personal y relaciones positivas con otros) con índices de ajuste adecuados: CFI = 0.963, TLI = 0.954, RMRS = 0.047 y RMSEA = 0.063. La escala presentó confiabilidad adecuada (λ2 = 0.90) e invarianza por sexo. Se puede concluir que la BP-A cuenta con evidencias de confiabilidad y validez adecuadas para medir el bienestar psicológico en adolescentes tempranos de ambos sexos.

Ergenlerde Öz-Çekim ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş

2025-06-25

Özlem Gözün Kahraman , Melisa Akköse Kaya | ASYA STUDIES

Bu çalışmanın amacı 14-16 yaş grubundaki ergenlerin interneti ve fotoğrafı bir iletişim dili olarak benimseyip, öz çekimlerini dijital ortamda kullanmalarının psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleriyle ilişkisini incelemektir. Ayrıca çalışmada ergenlerin özçekim … Bu çalışmanın amacı 14-16 yaş grubundaki ergenlerin interneti ve fotoğrafı bir iletişim dili olarak benimseyip, öz çekimlerini dijital ortamda kullanmalarının psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleriyle ilişkisini incelemektir. Ayrıca çalışmada ergenlerin özçekim tutumları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri çeşitli değişkenlerle incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler, Demografik Bilgi Formu, Özçekim Tutum Ölçeği ve Stirling Çocuklar İçin Duygusal ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 22.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular ergenlerin özçekim tutumları, cinsiyet, yaş, fiziksel görünüş algısı ve arkadaş beğenisi gibi değişkenlerden etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Ergenlerin fiziksel görünüş algısı ve arkadaş beğenisinin psikolojik iyi oluşu da olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca selfie paylaşma sıklığının özçekim tutum puanlarında ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Özçekim ölçeğinin önleyici olumsuz deneyimler alt boyutu ile psikolojik iyi oluş toplam puanları arasında düşük düzeyde negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, ergenlerle çalışan uzmanlara, dijital dünyada özçekimlerin oluşturduğu dijital ayak izinin yönetilmesi ve ergenlerin bu süreçte nasıl desteklenebileceği konusunda rehberlik sağlayabilecek stratejiler geliştirme imkânı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

The impact of life stressors on depression in college students: the chain mediating role of environmental adaptation and coping styles

2025-06-24

Huanhuan Yang , Jing Zhao , Yuan Qin +1 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Objective To explore the chain mediating role of environmental adaptation and coping styles between life stressors and depression among university students. Methods Twelve thousand, one hundred ninety-eight college students were … Objective To explore the chain mediating role of environmental adaptation and coping styles between life stressors and depression among university students. Methods Twelve thousand, one hundred ninety-eight college students were investigated with Student Life Stress Inventory (SLSI), Depressive Episode Scale (DES), Environmental Adaptation Scale (EAS), and Coping Style Scale (CSS). The chain intermediary model was constructed and verified with SPSS. Results Life stressors and coping styles were positive predictors of depression, while environmental adaptation was a negative predictors. The direct impact of life stressors on depression was significant. Environmental adaptation and coping styles exhibited both independent mediating effects and a chain mediating effect. Conclusion Life stressors can directly lead to depression, and indirectly exacerbate depression through environmental adaptation and coping styles. Therefore, reducing burden, enhancing environmental adaptability and learning appropriate coping strategies can effectively prevent depression.

Measuring Emotional Well-Being at School Among Students With Different Characteristics: A Population Study

2025-06-24

Elisa Cavicchiolo , Sara Manganelli , Fabio Lucidi +1 more | Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

Current literature on students’ emotional well-being often relies on global measures, making it difficult to identify affective states specifically experienced within the school context. This study, based on a population … Current literature on students’ emotional well-being often relies on global measures, making it difficult to identify affective states specifically experienced within the school context. This study, based on a population ( N = 297993) of 10th grade students, analyzed differences in emotions at school across academic achievement, socioeconomic status (SES), immigrant background, and sex assigned at birth. The psychometric properties of the Feelings At School Scale (FASS) were evaluated with fixed and dynamic fit index cutoffs, and measurement invariance was established across subgroups. Results of latent mean difference tests showed that low achievers, low-SES, immigrant, and female students experience fewer positive emotions at school. Surprisingly, being a high achiever does not appear to protect against the experience of negative emotions at school. While academic achievement was the most important factor for positive emotions ( d = 0.16), being female was the greatest risk factor for experiencing negative emotions at school ( d = 0.45). This study provides valuable insights into students’ emotional experiences at school, using a validated and efficient tool for assessing emotional well-being. By examining an entire population of students, these findings improve generalizability and capture a broad spectrum of student characteristics. The results underscore the importance of targeted interventions to support those student subgroups most at risk of experiencing negative emotions in the school setting.

Особенности самоотношения подростков, склонных к зависимости от социальных сетей

2025-06-24

Oksana Golub , Т.С. Тимофеева , Д.П. Байкалова | Психолого-педагогический поиск

Интернет, в частности социальные сети, уже давно стал неотъемлемой частью повседневной жизни людей вне зависимости от их возраста. Подростки являются, с одной стороны, активными и осведомленными пользователями интернета, успешно решающими … Интернет, в частности социальные сети, уже давно стал неотъемлемой частью повседневной жизни людей вне зависимости от их возраста. Подростки являются, с одной стороны, активными и осведомленными пользователями интернета, успешно решающими с его помощью учебные и личные задачи, с другой стороны, в силу особенностей психического развития, более склонны к формированию разного рода зависимостей. Одним из распространенных проявлений такого рода аддикций является зависимость от социальных сетей, которая, в свою очередь, является составной частью более крупного феномена — интернет-аддикции. Новизна исследования заключается в изучении особенностей компонентов самоотношения подростков через призму их зависимости от социальных сетей. В рамках работы кратко описаны подходы к пониманию самоотношения, проанализирована проблема зависимости от социальных сетей, ее причины и последствия. Для выявления влияния уровня зависимости от социальных сетей на самоотношение подростков авторами были использованы «Тест-опросник самоотношения» В. В. Столина и С. Р. Пантилеева и «Опросник проблемного использования социальных сетей» Н. А. Сироты, Д. В. Московченко, В. М. Ялтонский, А. В. Ялтонской. Была обнаружена статистически значимая разница в самоотношении и его компонентах у подростков с разным уровнем зависимости от социальных сетей. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы педагогами-психологами, классными руководителями и специалистами воспитательной работы учебных заведений, специалистами по социальной работе, социальными центрами, практикующими психологами, консультантами для проектирования и реализации программ консультативной и коррекционной работы по профилактике зависимости подростков от социальных сетей. The Internet (including social networks) has long been an integral part of everyday life of people regardless of their age. Teenagers are, on the one hand, active and knowledgeable users of the Internet who successfully solve educational and personal tasks, on the other hand, due to the peculiarities of mental development, are more prone to the formation of various kinds of addictions. Among the most frequent manifestations of this addiction is to social networks, which, in turn, is a component of a larger dependence, addiction to the Internet. The novelty of the study lies in the study of the peculiarities of the components of self-esteem in adolescents through the lens of their dependence on social networks. The work briefly describes approaches to understanding of self-relationship, analyzes the problem of dependence on social networks, its causes and consequences. To identify the influence of the level of dependence on social networks on the self-relationship of adolescents, the authors used the Questionnaire test of self-relationship(designed by V. V. Stolin and S. R. Pantileev) and Questionnaire of problems with using social networks(N. A. Sirota, D. V. Moskovchenko, V. M. Yaltonsky and A. V. Yaltonskaya). A statistically significant difference was found in self-relationship and its components in adolescents with different levels of dependence on social networks. The results of the study can be used by education psychologist, class teachers and educational specialists in educational institutions, social work specialists, social centers, practicing psychologists, consultants to design and implement programs of counseling and correctional work to prevent teenagers’ addiction to social networks.

A comparative study on parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes among college students from different family income backgrounds

2025-06-24

Shuqing Zhou , Dong Wang , Tingting Xu | Frontiers in Psychology

Objective To explore the differences in parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes between college students from low-income and non-low-income families. The goal is to provide insights into their holistic development … Objective To explore the differences in parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes between college students from low-income and non-low-income families. The goal is to provide insights into their holistic development and psychological adaptation in diverse competitive environments. Methods A total of 1,000 college students were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire, and the Competitive Attitude Scale. Among them, 188 were identified as low-income students and 750 as non-low-income students. Results (1) Significant differences were observed between low-income and non-low-income students in parental emotional warmth and understanding, paternal denial and rejection, maternal favoritism, and malignant competitive attitude ( p &lt; 0.05). (2) Parental emotional warmth and understanding were positively correlated with benign competitive attitude ( p &lt; 0.01). (3) Parental rejection, denial, favoritism, and overprotection were negatively correlated with malignant competitive attitude ( p &lt; 0.05). (4) Paternal punishment and strictness were positively correlated with malignant competitive attitude ( p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Positive parental rearing styles enhance the subjective well-being of low-income students and foster benign competitive attitudes, whereas negative parental rearing styles reduce well-being and promote excessive competitive tendencies.

Ailments of the Mind?

2025-06-24

Robert B. Dudas | Cambridge University Press eBooks

Why Are You Bowling Alone? Perceived Choice over Social Context Impacts Happiness from Solo Experiences

2025-06-24

Zuzanna Jurewicz , Miranda Goode , Kirk Kristofferson | Journal of the Association for Consumer Research

The impact of green human resource management on green mindfulness and employee Well-Being: A Self-Determination perspective

2025-06-23

Honghua Xu , Wenpan Li | Current Psychology

The Role of Positivity in Enhancing the Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well-being

2025-06-23

Malida Fatimah , Ira Paramastri , Martaria Rizky Rinaldi +1 more | Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology

University students often encounter various academic and personal challenges that may affect their psychological functioning. Subjective well-being is a crucial psychological resource that helps individuals cope with these challenges. Among … University students often encounter various academic and personal challenges that may affect their psychological functioning. Subjective well-being is a crucial psychological resource that helps individuals cope with these challenges. Among the key factors influencing subjective well-being are social support and positivity. This study examines the moderating role of positivity in the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 416 university students through three validated instruments: the Social Support Scale, the Positivity Scale, and the Subjective Well-being Scale. The data were analyzed using moderated regression analysis. Results revealed that social support and positivity were positively and significantly associated with subjective well-being. Moreover, positivity significantly moderated the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. The simple slope analysis shows that at a high positivity level (+1 SD), the estimated effect of social support on subjective well-being was 0.296 (SE = 0.0344, Z = 8.62, p < 0.001). This shows that positivity strengthens the relationship between social support and subjective well-being.

Perceived Parenting Styles, Self-Regulation and Multidimensional Well-Being among Adolescents of Armed Forces and Civilian Families (Mixed Method Study)

2025-06-23

Hadeeqa Anmol , Sidrah Kanwal | Journal of Advanced Psychology

Purpose: Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage where parent-child relationships are often reevaluated. This study examined the effect of perceived parenting styles and self-regulation on the multidimensional well-being of adolescents … Purpose: Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage where parent-child relationships are often reevaluated. This study examined the effect of perceived parenting styles and self-regulation on the multidimensional well-being of adolescents from armed forces and civilian families. Methodology: A mixed-method research design was employed. Study I (quantitative) included 300 adolescents (150 from each family type) in Lahore, selected through purposive sampling. Assessment measures used were the Adolescents Self-Regulation Inventory (ASRI) and the Multidimensional Well-Being Scale (PERMA Profiler). Findings: Findings revealed that short-term self-regulation (SSR) had a negative significant relationship with multidimensional well-being (MWB), while long-term self-regulation (LSR) showed a positive significant relationship with MWB. SSR negatively predicted MWB, while LSR positively predicted MWB. Adolescents from armed forces families had higher SSR and MWB, whereas those from civilian families had higher LSR and MWB. Study II (qualitative) employed thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from six adolescents from both family types to explore the role of perceived parenting styles and their impact on multidimensional well-being. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study advances theory by highlighting the distinct roles of short- and long-term self-regulation in adolescent well-being. It informs policy by emphasizing the need for context-specific parenting support programs. Practically, it guides mental health professionals and educators in developing interventions that promote balanced parenting and enhance adolescent well-being across diverse family backgrounds.

Relation of negative emotion reactivity and average negative affect to depressive symptoms: A multitrait–multimethod construct validation study of North American adults.

2025-06-23

George Abitante , S. Mueller , Christian A. L. Bean +1 more | Psychological Assessment

Negative emotion reactivity (NER) is a central construct in the study of depression. Previous research has operationalized NER in a wide variety of ways. Some studies have examined emotional reactions … Negative emotion reactivity (NER) is a central construct in the study of depression. Previous research has operationalized NER in a wide variety of ways. Some studies have examined emotional reactions to real-life events, using daily diary or ecological momentary assessment strategies. Others have focused on emotional reactions to analog stimuli, such as disturbing images or hypothetical scenarios. Little is known about the relative validity of these approaches-or even whether they tap the same underlying construct. Consequently, we administered four NER assessment methods in the same study to assess their convergent, discriminant, construct, and incremental validity. We found strong evidence of convergent validity, represented by large loadings onto a common NER factor. We also found evidence of discriminant validity with respect to a conceptually distinct construct, average negative affect. Evidence of construct validity emerged insofar as all four measures were negatively related to depressive symptoms, as predicted by emotion context insensitivity. Finally, evidence of incremental predictive utility emerged, highlighting the advantages of using more than one measure of NER, at least in depression research. Together, our findings support the validity of four NER measures and the wisdom of using multiple measures to represent the NER construct more completely in depression research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological and Contextual Definitions of Happiness Among Teachers: A Comparative Study Across Professional Roles

2025-06-23

Diego Pereira , Ulisses Ferreira de Araújo , Antonella Delle Fave | Trends in Psychology

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility and Social Comparison in the Effect of Perceived Helicopter Parental Attitudes on Life Satisfaction

2025-06-23

Okan Yılmaz , Tolga Seki | Research on Education and Psychology

The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and social comparison in the effect of perceived helicopter parenting attitudes on life satisfaction. The study … The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and social comparison in the effect of perceived helicopter parenting attitudes on life satisfaction. The study was conducted in accordance with the relational survey model. The study group consisted of 453 young adult participants between the ages of 18-30 in Türkiye. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the data. According to the research findings, the direct effect of helicopter mother attitude on life satisfaction was found to be insignificant, but the indirect effect was found to be significant. Helicopter mother attitude was positively related to social comparison and negatively related to cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction. In addition, social comparison had a negative effect on life satisfaction and cognitive flexibility had a positive effect on life satisfaction. Although the direct effect of helicopter father attitude on life satisfaction was found to be insignificant, its indirect effect was found to be significant. Helicopter father attitude had a positive effect on social comparison and a negative effect on cognitive flexibility. Social comparison had a negative effect on life satisfaction and cognitive flexibility had a positive effect on life satisfaction. Research findings indicate that a helicopter parenting style indirectly influences individuals' life satisfaction via cognitive flexibility and social comparison.

The Psychological Burdens of Obesity: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Well-Being

2025-06-23

Seval Erden , Uğurkan Ulutürk | Research on Education and Psychology

This study explores the relationships between early maladaptive schemas, schema avoidance behaviors, and psychological well-being in obese adults while also examining their life experiences and coping strategies. Using an explanatory … This study explores the relationships between early maladaptive schemas, schema avoidance behaviors, and psychological well-being in obese adults while also examining their life experiences and coping strategies. Using an explanatory mixed-methods design, the study first conducted a quantitative phase with 829 obese adults (BMI ≥ 30), analyzing data from the Psychological Well-being Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire, and Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory through structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings indicated that schemas such as social isolation, insecurity, enmeshment, dependency, punitiveness, and self-sacrifice predicted schema avoidance and negatively impacted psychological well-being. In the qualitative phase, eight obese women who scored low on the Psychological Well-Being Scale but high on schema questionnaires participated in focus groups. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and themes were created with the help of thematic analysis. Thematic analysis revealed that defectiveness, emotional deprivation, poor self-control, and high standards schemas were frequently triggered in obesity. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings emphasized the significant role of schemas in obesity-related psychological distress. The study highlights the need for mixed-methods research to gain a deeper understanding of the emotional and cognitive challenges faced by obese individuals.

Collective Flourishing and Community Well-being: A Conceptual Paper

2025-06-23

Abraham Francis | Space and Culture India

We coexist in an interdependent world where all are connected, and every action has both visible and silent ripples. We are in a world of change, and if there is … We coexist in an interdependent world where all are connected, and every action has both visible and silent ripples. We are in a world of change, and if there is one thing we can say for sure, it is the highly disruptive age with moving goalposts, more so regarding uncertainty. This disruption has caused significant damage to our families, relationships, jobs, communities, and economy, as well as political discourses or intercultural/ international relations, thereby affecting the health of individual people and safety, severely affecting the well-being of individuals besides societies. These are indeed challenging times. However, this situation also presents an opportunity for transformational breakthroughs and the birth of new paradigms that can help us better deal with societal issues. So, how does one become someone who flourishes regardless of what life throws one’s way? How can we foster a culture of care, compassion, and hope in our communities? What does it take to unite our communities and build their resilience despite external threats or opportunities? Well, as scientific evidence suggests, humans can flourish. Thus emerges the fundamental question of what stops us from moving forward. This paper is based on critical reflection, a literature review, and extensive practice experiences of working in the community sector, which has provided the impetus to find an alternative lens to look at the challenges of the current technologically advanced, fast-paced society.

How Long do We Flourish? A Flourishing State or Trait? A Longitudinal Examination of the Diener Flourishing Scale

2025-06-23

Balázs András Varga , Attila Oláh , Róbert Urbán +1 more | Journal of Happiness Studies

Abstract This research aims to investigate the Diener flourish scale (FS) to determine whether it functions as a measure of trait or state flourishing. The study employed longitudinal follow-up measurements … Abstract This research aims to investigate the Diener flourish scale (FS) to determine whether it functions as a measure of trait or state flourishing. The study employed longitudinal follow-up measurements across three time points over an 8-month period, with a sample size of 279 participants. Temporal invariance and trait-state analyses were conducted on the longitudinal data. Temporal invariance was evaluated using the latent state-trait including state (LST-IS) model, while trait-state analysis was performed using the multitrait-multistate (MTMS) model on the panel data. The LST-IS model, applied to the panel data across the three time points, confirmed the temporal invariance (configural, weak, strong, and strict) of the factor structure within the CFA model, indicating that the FS is a temporally stable measurement tool. The temporal proximity of the first two time points, compared to the third, was reflected in the correlation patterns observed between the time points. The MTMS model demonstrated a significant dominance of trait-like characteristics, with a low proportion of environmental effects. The model affirmed the predominance of trait aspects in flourishing, supported by high reliability and consistency values for the tetrads. However, the study’s design and methodological depth are acknowledged as areas requiring further development.

Employment in the home county and migrant workers’ subjective well-being: evidence from China

2025-06-23

Wenhao Zhai , Ling Ma | China Agricultural Economic Review

Purpose This study examines the effect of employment in their home county on the subjective well-being of migrant workers, given the increasing share of migrant workers choosing employment in the … Purpose This study examines the effect of employment in their home county on the subjective well-being of migrant workers, given the increasing share of migrant workers choosing employment in the home county in recent years. Design/methodology/approach We use China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data from 2016, 2018 and 2020. To better understand whether there is a causal relationship between employment location and an individual’s subjective well-being, we employ a variety of empirical strategies. For example, the ordered probit model, propensity score matching (PSM), the conditional mixed process (CMP) combining instrumental variables strategy and omitted variable testing. Findings We find that choosing to employ in the home county significantly improves the subjective well-being of migrant workers, but this effect does not hold for migrant workers who do not have children or who work in government departments, state-owned enterprises, institutions, foreign companies, etc. We also find that this effect only appears in the years following the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Originality/value Firstly, we expand the body of research on non-agricultural work or choice of employment location. Secondly, we pay great attention to the potential endogeneity through a variety of methods to ensure the reliability of the research results, which provides a reference for future empirical analyses of the impact of employment in the home county or return to the home county.

Long-term Effects of Material Deprivation on Family Relationships Among Disadvantaged Young People

2025-06-21

Ke‐Mei Chen , Hua-Chin Ho | Youth & Society

The paper identifies the long-term effects of material deprivation on family relationships among disadvantaged young people through a latent growth curve model. Data were gathered from the five waves of … The paper identifies the long-term effects of material deprivation on family relationships among disadvantaged young people through a latent growth curve model. Data were gathered from the five waves of the Taiwan Database of Children and Youth in Poverty (TDCYP) and Taiwan Fund for Children and Families (TFCF), resulting in a sample size of 623 young people. From the first wave of the survey in 2009 to the fifth wave in 2017, material deprivation decreased over time and family relationships slightly improved over time. Material deprivation contributed to poor family relationships but decreased over time, reflecting the mitigating effect of support from non-profit organizations. Findings also indicated that family relationships improved as the participants got older.

Subjective well-being factors in modern world: Asian and European countries analysis

2025-06-21

Yana Lopatkova , Elizaveta Yu. Linnik | Vestnik Universiteta

In today’s rapidly changing global economic landscape, the pursuit to human well-being emerges as one of the most important goals. Despite the progress made in the field of sustainable development, … In today’s rapidly changing global economic landscape, the pursuit to human well-being emerges as one of the most important goals. Despite the progress made in the field of sustainable development, significant gaps remain in well-being measurement and understanding, including defining well-being factors and interrelationship of different determinants. The subjective wellbeing level in different countries has been compared, and the factors influencing its achievement have been studied. A review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study and measurement of human well-being has been presented, and the conceptual framework of modern well-being factors has been described. A comprehensive interpretation of a set of subjective human well-being determinants including social aspects, economic, environmental, political, and numerical factors has been presented. Statistical methods of analyzing panel data for 38 European and 23 Asian countries in the period from 2013 to 2022 were used for empirical analysis. As a result, considering the specifics of the European and Asian regions, the key significant interrelationships of the factors and the level of subjective well-being in different groups of countries have been identified.

The relationship between gratitude and coping strategies among high school students: indirect effects based on longitudinal data

2025-06-21

Jun Zhang , Zhimin Yin , Ping Deng | Current Psychology

Konceptualizacja sukcesu życiowego i szczęścia na łamach Filipinki 1980–2002. Ciągłość czy zmiana?

2025-06-20

Iwona Massaka | Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

Dążenie do sukcesu i szczęścia jest jednym z kluczowych regulatorów życia społecznego i świadectwem wyznawanego systemu wartości. Pomiar zmiany pola semantycznego i rangi sukcesu i szczęścia w hierarchii spraw życiowo … Dążenie do sukcesu i szczęścia jest jednym z kluczowych regulatorów życia społecznego i świadectwem wyznawanego systemu wartości. Pomiar zmiany pola semantycznego i rangi sukcesu i szczęścia w hierarchii spraw życiowo ważnych, jest tu zastosowany dla określenia jakości i skali zmiany kulturowej i mentalności młodzieży polskiej przed i po transformacji ustrojowej. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie momentu, w którym konceptualizacja sukcesu życiowego i szczęścia w piśmie mającym duży wpływ na poglądy młodych, jakim jest Filipinka, uległa zmianie przez uwzględnienie kontekstu aksjologicznego ponowoczesności i zmian kulturowo-obyczajowych po 1989 roku. Jednostkami pomiarowymi są wszystkie opublikowane w okresie 1980–2004 teksty podejmujące temat sukcesu/sukcesu życiowego/szczęścia i prezentujące sylwetki „ludzi sukcesu”. Poddano je ilościowej i jakościowej analizie treści przy użyciu klucza kategoryzacyjnego złożonego z jakości, które w analizowanym materiale wskazywane są jako niezbędne dla osiągania sukcesu i szczęścia. Postawiono dwie hipotezy. Pierwsza z nich zakłada, że w okresie 1980–1989 refleksja o sukcesie życiowym toczona na łamach Filipinki była częścią dyskusji o szczęściu w życiu. Zarówno sukces życiowy, jak i szczęście w życiu konceptualizowane były wówczas w oparciu o tradycyjny system wartości i postaw. W myśl hipotezy drugiej konceptualizacja sukcesu życiowego w Filipince zaczęła z początkiem lat 90. przypominać tę, która właściwa jest kulturze postmodernistycznej i rynkowej. Badanie w pełni potwierdziło hipotezę pierwszą, drugą – częściowo.

Perceived threats, trust in authorities, and well-being: The role of responsibility attribution

2025-06-20

Olga Gulevich , Alexander N. Gnezdilov , Evgeny Osin | Personality and Individual Differences

The Mediating Role of Affective Temperament in the Relationship Between Character Strengths and Well-Being

2025-06-20

Davin Nabizadeh , David Ian Walker , Kristina L. McDonald +1 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationship between character strengths, affective temperament, and well-being among 383 university students. Based on Peterson and Seligman's Values-in-Action framework, … <title>Abstract</title> This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationship between character strengths, affective temperament, and well-being among 383 university students. Based on Peterson and Seligman's Values-in-Action framework, it explored whether affective temperament mediates the relationship between character strengths operationalized through six core virtues and well-being. The study compared two competing models: partial mediation and full mediation. It found that character strengths directly (β = 0.248, p < 0.001) and indirectly (β = 0.247, p < 0.001) affect well-being. The partial mediation model outperformed full mediation (Δχ² = 18.969, Δdf = 1, p < 0.001), with affective temperament explaining roughly half of the effect. While the findings supported partial mediation model, full mediation model was rejected, implying that it does not accurately describe the relationship. However, alternative causal models (with reversed or opposite directional relationships) produced statistically equivalent fits, which highlight the limitations of cross-sectional data in determining cause. These findings suggest that, while character strengths contribute directly to well-being, they also are related to affective temperament, which in turn influences well-being outcomes. The study expands on previous research by highlighting the psychological mechanisms that link character and flourishing, with implications for developing comprehensive well-being interventions that address both character development and temperament regulation. Finally, these findings are especially relevant for improving mental health support for university students through the implementation of evidence-based approaches that take advantage of the identified complementary pathways.

Exploring well-being and ill-being in education: disciplinary insights and curriculum perspectives

2025-06-20

Ashling Bourke , Jones Irwin , Una McCabe +1 more | Irish Educational Studies

The effects of dual job demands on primary and secondary school teachers’ subjective well-being: a moderated mediation model

2025-06-20

M. Jin , Yujuan Ji , Shuang Ding +1 more | Current Psychology

Does declining income caused by the COVID-19 pandemic affect Chinese individuals’ future risky decision-making and intertemporal choices? A construal level perspective

2025-06-20

Yifei Hua , Jiaxin Mi | Frontiers in Psychology

In order to evaluate how residents choose savings and consumption behavior within the context of the income changes, which resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper constructed a conditional process … In order to evaluate how residents choose savings and consumption behavior within the context of the income changes, which resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper constructed a conditional process model to study the impact of residents’ declining income on their low risk savings behavior and advanced consumption behavior from a cognitive perspective. We found that residents with declining income preferred low risk savings and advanced consumption behavior; residents with lower incomes, whose original income was higher, were more likely to be influenced by anxiety about perceived emergency supply shortages. The moderating role of social trust emerged only after supply shortage anxiety mediated the effect, and this moderation differed significantly based on construal level. This paper explored the impact of declining income and the emotional fluctuations that resulted from the COVID-19 epidemic on the differential choice of residents’ savings and consumption behavior. It can provide microeconomic guidance for similar emergencies in the future.

Psychological Capital Moderates the Association Between Social Participation and Depressive Symptoms in Taiwanese University Students

2025-06-20

Yi‐Lung Chen , Agata Chudzicka‐Czupała , Cheng‐Fang Yen | The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Fostering Global Well‐Being: Insights From India on Learned Happiness for Administrators and Education Policy‐Makers

2025-06-20

Sandeep Kumar , Arvind Kumar | Journal of Public Affairs

ABSTRACT A nation can make great strides in progress when the happiness of all its residents is prioritized. This is because happiness is the driving force behind improved mental health, … ABSTRACT A nation can make great strides in progress when the happiness of all its residents is prioritized. This is because happiness is the driving force behind improved mental health, enhanced creativity, heightened awareness, and the development of strong social bonds. Consequently, it becomes crucial for a nation's harmonious growth to instill a sense of happiness in all its citizens from early childhood, allowing the positive effects of this knowledge to ripple throughout their lives. In this endeavor, schools play a pivotal role, and governments worldwide recognize and endorse the importance of schools in this regard. Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) has taken an innovative step in this direction to nurture the emotional well‐being of teenagers by introducing a happiness curriculum in upper primary classes. While this initiative appears to be a significant grassroots effort in addressing the emotional competence and happiness of students, its actual impact is yet to be fully assessed. By surveying two hundred sixty‐three students through systematic sampling, this study offers valuable insights to educators and policymakers around the world by revealing that the impact of the happiness curriculum on students' satisfaction with their basic psychological needs is substantially positive. Besides it, the study also suggest that the introduction of happiness curriculum influences the well‐being of students at their core by uplifting their competence and social resilience.

Parental income and poor mental well-being among Danish high school students: combining national registry data with survey information

2025-06-20

Maja Tarp , Maja Bramming , Mette Lise Lousdal +1 more | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Abstract Background Poor mental well-being can affect the future of young individuals, especially during adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental income and poor mental well-being in … Abstract Background Poor mental well-being can affect the future of young individuals, especially during adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental income and poor mental well-being in youth aged 15–19, while also exploring whether this relationship differs by gender and follows a specific pattern. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from The Danish National Youth Study, which included 53,038 high school students aged 15–19. This was combined with information from several national registers. Mental well-being was measured using The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Health Well-being Scale, and poor mental well-being was defined as scoring in the lowest decile. Parental income was categorised into quintiles. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the data and restricted cubic spline regression to examine the relationship’s shape. Results Compared to the highest parental income group, the adjusted odds ratios of poor mental well-being were 1.04 (95% confidence intervals: 0.94–1.15) for Q4, 1.12 (1.01–1.24) for Q3, 1.20 (1.08–1.33) for Q2, and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for Q1, with no significant differences between genders. In continuous analysis, we found that higher parental income was associated with less poor mental well-being up to the approximately 75th percentile of income; from this level, higher income was not associated with further change in poor mental well-being. Conclusion Lower parental income was associated with higher odds of poor mental well-being during adolescence, with no gender differences. The findings suggest an indication of a threshold where lower income becomes more strongly associated with higher odds of poor mental well-being.

Adapting temporal preference to scarcity: A role for emotion?

2025-06-20

Bastien Blain , Laura K. Globig , Tali Sharot | Journal of Risk and Uncertainty

Abstract A critical optimization problem is how to distribute resource consumption over time. Humans tend to value immediate rewards over equivalent future rewards—a phenomenon called temporal discounting. Such imbalance can … Abstract A critical optimization problem is how to distribute resource consumption over time. Humans tend to value immediate rewards over equivalent future rewards—a phenomenon called temporal discounting. Such imbalance can lead to poor health, education, and financial decisions. It is also a hurdle for implementing sustainability policies. A major research goal is to identify factors that influence temporal discounting, so that policymakers could develop interventions to correct for this imbalance. One such factor is available resources; scarcity may increase in temporal discounting. Another potential factor is emotion; negative emotions may lead to high temporal discounting. However, emotion and resources are not independent. For example, losing a large sum of money will lead to negative affect. Here, we take advantage of one of the largest global ‘income shocks’ in history, to tease apart the role of emotion and income on temporal discounting. We tested 1,145 individuals as the market was crashing in late March 2020 and unemployment rising and then retested 200 of those individuals as the market was recovering in June 2020. We found that income shock was strongly related to an increase in delay discounting using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Importantly, this relationship was independent of the negative impact on affect. These findings suggest that, contrary to wide held assumptions, people directly adapt delay discounting to environmental constraints, without the need for input from the affective system. This independence may be adaptive, as affect is a noisy reflection of environmental constraints, which may lead to suboptimal choice.

What You See is What You Get: The Effect of Perceived Inequality on Subjective Well-Being

2025-06-20

Melvin John , Herbert Bless , Michaela Wänke | Journal of Happiness Studies

Abstract When examining the influence of income inequality on subjective well-being (SWB), prior research has relied on objective measures of inequality, such as the Gini index. Alternatively, considering the subjective … Abstract When examining the influence of income inequality on subjective well-being (SWB), prior research has relied on objective measures of inequality, such as the Gini index. Alternatively, considering the subjective component, research has also investigated how evaluations of inequality, such as perceived (un-)fairness, influence SWB. However, we argue that it is important to also consider the perceived size of inequality independently from evaluations of inequality. Whereas the effect of evaluations of inequality on SWB have been the subject of prior research the effect of perceived size of inequality has received rather little attention. Across three studies, the present research suggests that the higher the perceived size of inequality the lower SWB, independent of evaluations of inequality. Study 1, a country level-analysis across 41 countries found that this relationship is stronger than and independent of objective inequality or unfairness beliefs about inequality and provides longitudinal evidence. Study 2, a representative survey study (N=836), found that the relationship between perceived size of income inequality and SWB is independent of unfairness beliefs about inequality. Study 3, a pre-registered experiment (N=302) manipulated perceived size of income inequality and found partial support for a causal impact on aspects of SWB. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of perceived size of inequality. This perspective holds important implications for explaining how income inequality impacts SWB.

Socio-Economic Status, Comparisons of Subjective Affectedness and Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

2025-06-20

Henning Lohmann , Hequn Wang , Nico Eggers | Social Indicators Research

Abstract This paper examines the role of social comparisons in evaluating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between 2020 and 2022. Our approach drew on previous research concerning … Abstract This paper examines the role of social comparisons in evaluating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between 2020 and 2022. Our approach drew on previous research concerning economic inequalities and reference groups, engaging with the broader literature on comparisons and subjective well-being. We hypothesized that individuals’ evaluations of their personal economic affectedness—what we term “subjective affectedness”—would be influenced not only by objective factors such as employment and income changes but also by their socioeconomic status at the onset of the pandemic. We primarily investigated how individuals evaluate their subjective affectedness in relation to others and how these evaluations varied according to their initial socioeconomic status. Additionally, we analyzed whether these comparisons influenced subjective well-being, specifically life satisfaction, during the pandemic. Our results show that individuals generally viewed themselves as economically less affected than others, including their immediate social circle, other people in Germany, and especially others in the EU. However, lower-status groups perceived both themselves and others as more affected and were more likely to assess themselves as more affected than others—even in the absence of objective factors such as job or income loss. Our findings suggest that individuals rely on personal reference groups, which leads to biased evaluations of others. Those who evaluated themselves as more affected than others also reported lower life satisfaction. Overall, our findings indicate that socioeconomic status played a crucial role in shaping evaluations and social comparisons during the pandemic.

Book Review: The Stress Paradox: Why You Need Stress to Live Longer, Healthier, and Happier BerquistSharon. The Stress Paradox: Why You Need Stress to Live Longer, Healthier, and Happier. Harper Collins (Imprint:Harvest), New York, 336 pages, ISBN-10: 006334596X ISBN-13: 978-0063345966, price: 29.99.

2025-06-19

Kim Tartaglia | American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

Health behavior and life satisfaction of university students

2025-06-19

Farah Abu Khadra , Aseel Aburub , Anwaar Amro +4 more | Journal of International Students

This study explores the well-being and life satisfaction of university students in Hungary and Jordan, comparing Hungarian students, Jordanian students in Hungary, and Jordanian students in Jordan. Data from 485 … This study explores the well-being and life satisfaction of university students in Hungary and Jordan, comparing Hungarian students, Jordanian students in Hungary, and Jordanian students in Jordan. Data from 485 students using the Optimal Living Profile-Modified revealed significant differences in life satisfaction, with Jordanian students reporting the highest levels. Well-being analysis indicated the lowest well-being among Hungarian students. Health behavior analysis revealed better physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality among Jordanian students in Hungary compared to Hungarian students, while smoking was more prevalent among Jordanian students in Jordan. The study found positive correlations between health behaviors, well-being, and life satisfaction, emphasizing the influence of cultural and contextual factors on student well-being.

Adolescents’ academic achievement and meaning in life: the role of self-concept clarity

2025-06-19

Fang Liu , H. Charles Li , Hsin-Mei Sun +2 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Sense of meaning in life is closely related to adolescents’ well-being. While prior research has largely examined the effects of individual traits and environmental influences, adolescents’ personal experiences (e.g., academic … Sense of meaning in life is closely related to adolescents’ well-being. While prior research has largely examined the effects of individual traits and environmental influences, adolescents’ personal experiences (e.g., academic achievement) also play a crucial role. This study investigates the relationship between adolescents’ academic achievement and their sense of meaning in life, with a focus on the moderating role of self-concept clarity. Drawing on the meaning-making model, we hypothesized that academic achievement would positively predict both the presence of and search for meaning in life, and that self-concept clarity would moderate these relationships. A total of 1,321 junior high school students (50.9% female; M age = 12.39, SD age = 0.52) from Henan Province, China, participated in the study. Participants completed a self-report measure of academic achievement, along with standardized scales assessing meaning in life and self-concept clarity. Results indicated that academic achievement was positively correlated with both presence of meaning and search for meaning. Self-concept clarity moderated the relationship between academic achievement and meaning in life, adolescents with higher self-concept clarity and higher academic achievement reported greater presence of meaning and search for meaning. The findings demonstrate that academic achievement significantly contributes to adolescents’ sense of meaning in life, and critically, self-concept clarity acts as a moderating variable that amplifies this positive association. Interventions targeting self-concept development could be a promising avenue for enhancing adolescents’ meaning in life and overall well-being.

Promoting the wellbeing of the whole person: a within-subjects mixed-methods study exploring the effects of the flourishing intervention among individuals with depressive symptoms

2025-06-19

Camilla Casaletti Braghetta , Juliane Piasseschi de Bernardin Gonçalves , Willyane de Andrade Alvarenga +4 more | Frontiers in Psychiatry

Objective This study examines the effect of the Flourishing Intervention on depressive symptoms and wellbeing among individuals with moderate to moderately severe depressive symptoms. The study also seeks to understand … Objective This study examines the effect of the Flourishing Intervention on depressive symptoms and wellbeing among individuals with moderate to moderately severe depressive symptoms. The study also seeks to understand participants’ experiences, acceptability, and satisfaction with the intervention. Methods A quasi-experimental pre-post mixed-methods design was used, incorporating an embedded approach in which descriptive qualitative data complemented quantitative data. The Flourishing Intervention consisted of a 12-week online group-based program, with each session lasting approximately 90 minutes. The study included 98 participants (18–59 years) with moderate to moderately severe depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), who had completed elementary school or better, resided in São Paulo, and had internet access. All participants were assessed immediately before and after the intervention using the PHQ-9, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a range of secondary outcome measures. Results Evidence supported improvements in depressive symptoms postintervention (d=-1.14 for PHQ-9 and d=-1.24 for BDI-II). Positive postintervention changes were also observed for anxiety symptoms, personal flourishing, spirituality, quality of life, religious/spiritual coping, social support, happiness, gratitude, forgiveness, and life satisfaction. Conclusion The Flourishing Intervention has the potential to be an effective approach for adults with depressive symptoms. It provides support for the idea that a multidimensional intervention focused on promoting whole-person functioning can alleviate these symptoms. Lessons learned from this study can be used to guide evaluation strategies for a controlled trial, which is an important next step in research on this intervention. Clinical trial registration https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-776skr9 , identifier RBR-776skr9.

Exploring Sustainable HRM Through the Lens of Employee Wellbeing

2025-06-19

Bing Bai | Sustainability

People are considered the most valuable resources in the workplace. They bring their unique knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) to contribute to the organization’s success. A sustainable workplace puts people … People are considered the most valuable resources in the workplace. They bring their unique knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) to contribute to the organization’s success. A sustainable workplace puts people first by prioritizing policies and practices to support employees’ physical, mental, and emotional health and promote work–life balance, which ultimately lead to increased job satisfaction and overall wellbeing. Wellbeing and positive functioning are considered essential elements for developing sustainable work performance. Organizations ought to develop sustainable management processes and practices as well as sustainable leadership to minimize the negative effects of the workplace on employee wellbeing and to foster a sustainable culture. This study aims to explore how a sustainable HRM would promote and enhance employee wellbeing in the workplace by investigating and developing a theoretical framework to connect the conceptual list of sustainable HR policies and practices with the five elements of the PERMA model of employee wellbeing.

From Meritocracy to Human Interdependence: Redefining the Purpose of Education

2025-06-19

Yong Zhao , Ruojun Zhong | ECNU Review of Education

Purpose This paper critiques meritocracy's foundational assumptions, arguing that its focus on ranking individuals according to flawed metrics fosters unhealthy competition, overlooks diverse human talents, fails to account for unequal … Purpose This paper critiques meritocracy's foundational assumptions, arguing that its focus on ranking individuals according to flawed metrics fosters unhealthy competition, overlooks diverse human talents, fails to account for unequal starting points, and ultimately hinders both individual fulfillment and societal progress. We propose an alternative framework, the Human Interdependence Paradigm, which redefines the purpose of education. HIP emphasizes cultivating unique individual greatness. It posits that the value of this greatness is realized through applying it to solve meaningful real-world problems for others, fostering a sense of purpose and mutual reliance. HIP aims to create learning environments that promote collaboration, social intelligence, and ultimately, a more equitable and flourishing society. Design/Approach/Methods Theoretical analysis from historical, philosophical, and sociological perspectives. Findings Meritocracy has misguided education and society because of its narrow definition of merit and negligence of human differences. Education in the 21st century needs to move away from the narrow definition of merit toward human interdependence, which emphasizes the unique greatness of individuals. Originality/Value This article challenges the widely accepted concept of meritocracy, which has been used in schools and societies to justify standardized testing, college admissions, and distribution of social capital, and proposes a new concept for education.

Well-being and culture

2025-06-19

Jana B. Berkessel , Shigehiro Oishi | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Ethics and wellbeing: when and why is doing right linked to feeling happy?

2025-06-19

Brock Bastian , Lucy Ingleby , Tamanna Taher +1 more | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

The effects of physical exercise on college students’ pro-social behavior: the chain mediating role of sense of meaning in life and subjective well-being

2025-06-18

Yong Jiang , Tianqi Bian | Frontiers in Psychology

To explore the relationship between the sense of meaning of life and subjective well-being in college students’ physical exercise and pro-social behavior. A scale was used to measure 626 college … To explore the relationship between the sense of meaning of life and subjective well-being in college students’ physical exercise and pro-social behavior. A scale was used to measure 626 college students, and SPSS27.0 and Process4.1 were used for statistical analysis. Results (1) college students’ physical exercise, sense of meaning in life, subjective well-being and pro-social behavior were positively correlated. (2) Physical exercise significantly and positively predicted college students’ pro-social behavior ( β = 0.284, p &lt; 0.001); the effect value of the indirect effect path 1 was 0.0028 (physical exercise → sense of meaning in life → pro-social behavior), which accounted for 31.11% of the total effect; the effect value of the indirect effect path 2 was 0.0007 (physical exercise → sense of meaning in life → pro-social behavior). The effect value of indirect effect path 1 is 0.0028 (physical exercise → sense of meaning in life → subjective well-being → pro-social behavior) which accounts for 31.11% of the total effect; the effect value of indirect effect path 2 is 0.0007 (physical exercise → subjective well-being → pro-social behavior) which accounts for 7.78% of the total effect; and the effect value of indirect effect path 3 is 0.0013 (physical exercise → sense of meaning in life → subjective well-being → pro-social behavior) which accounts for 14.44% of the total effect. Therefore, physical exercise has a direct effect on the pro-social behavior of college students, and can also indirectly affect pro-social behavior through the sense of meaning of life and subjective well-being.

Psychological richness as a distinct dimension of well-being: Links to mental, social, and physical health

2025-06-18

Naoki Konishi , Motohiro Kimura , Ken Kihara +6 more | PLoS ONE

In recent years, well-being research has expanded beyond traditional dimensions, recognizing that a fulfilling life may encompass more than happiness and meaning. We examined the unique contributions of a newly … In recent years, well-being research has expanded beyond traditional dimensions, recognizing that a fulfilling life may encompass more than happiness and meaning. We examined the unique contributions of a newly proposed dimension of well-being—psychological richness—to mental, social, and physical health outcomes alongside the established dimensions of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. We assessed well-being using validated scales that measure life satisfaction, meaning in life, and psychological richness and analyzed data from 11,041 participants. We evaluated health outcomes across mental, social, and physical dimensions using the Subjective Well-being Inventory. Our findings revealed that life satisfaction and meaning in life consistently enhanced health outcomes across most domains. However, psychological richness exhibited a more nuanced profile. Specifically, psychological richness was strongly correlated with positive mental and social health indicators, such as confidence in coping and perceived social support, but also uniquely linked to social isolation and perceived physical symptoms. These results suggest that psychological richness fosters cognitive resilience and social engagement despite potential physical health and social connectedness trade-offs. Notably, individuals high in psychological richness did not report heightened negative emotions, even when experiencing social isolation or physical discomfort, aligning this dimension with other forms of well-being. This study identified psychological richness as an essential addition to well-being models, offering fresh perspectives for tailored well-being interventions.

Fading Silver Linings: Financial Stress Trajectories and Expectations of the Future

2025-06-18

Baylor A. Graham | Journal of Business and Psychology

Abstract Financial stress is a pervasive concern, yet research on the longitudinal nature of financial stress and its long-term effects is limited. Using two decades of data spanning from individuals’ … Abstract Financial stress is a pervasive concern, yet research on the longitudinal nature of financial stress and its long-term effects is limited. Using two decades of data spanning from individuals’ early adulthood to midlife (ages 25–26 through 45–46), the present study aimed to address this need by analyzing how financial stress evolves over time and influences future expectations. Employing latent class growth analysis (LCGA), four distinct trajectories of financial stress were identified: stable low stress, decreasing stress, increasing stress, and stable high stress. The probability of membership in each class was then regressed onto three types of expectations: general future expectations, future job enjoyment, and career optimism. The findings indicated that individuals experiencing increasing financial stress tended to have more negative future expectations, while those with decreasing stress were more positive. In contrast, those with consistently high or low financial stress did not show significant effects. These findings highlight that for some individuals, financial stress evolves over the life course having meaningful implications for what they expect in the future. It is crucial to address past financial experiences and to more thoroughly examine how these intersect with the workplace, both in empirical research and theoretical frameworks.

Measurement of purpose in life among Arabic-speaking adolescents: psychometric properties of an Arabic-language version of the Claremont purpose scale (CPS)

2025-06-18

Amir Noureddine , Souheil Hallit , Diana Malaeb +6 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Background Purpose in life is considered a protective factor related to one's ability to thrive, supporting positive development and overall psychological wellbeing of the adolescent. The main goal of our … Background Purpose in life is considered a protective factor related to one's ability to thrive, supporting positive development and overall psychological wellbeing of the adolescent. The main goal of our study is to adapt and validate the Claremont purpose scale (CPS) into the Arabic language, expanding its applicability to Arabic-speaking contexts. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study was collected via a Google Form link during November 2023. Lebanese adolescents aged 14 to 18 years ( N = 793, 62.4% females, mean age of 16.08 ± 1.74 years) were recruited using an online questionnaire and a snowball sampling technique. Results The fit of the three-factor structure of CPS scores was satisfactory as indicated by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Internal reliability was excellent (α = 0.86; ω = 0.87). Measurement invariance across sex groups was established at the metric, configural, and scalar levels. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in terms of CPS scores. Finally, CPS total scores were significantly correlated with greater depression-happiness ( r = 0.43; p &lt; 0.001), higher wellbeing ( r = 0.51; p &lt; 0.001), and lower irritability ( r = –.66; p &lt; 0.001), attesting to concurrent validity. Conclusion Our results suggest that the CPS in its Arabic version is a valid and reliable measure allowing to detect the sense of purpose in Arabic-speaking adolescents, at least from Lebanon. The new validated scale has potential for future practitioners and researchers who would ought to work on ways of improving the psychological functioning of adolescents drawn from an Arab culture.