Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management

Works Count: 42459

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the factors influencing fruit ripening and quality in horticultural crops, with a focus on ethylene biosynthesis, genetic regulation, polyphenol oxidases, modified atmosphere packaging, aroma compounds, metabolic shifts, and the role of plant hormones. The research covers preharvest and postharvest influences, as well as molecular and biochemical aspects of fruit development and ripening.

Keywords

Fruit Ripening; Ethylene Biosynthesis; Postharvest Factors; Horticultural Crops; Genetic Regulation; Polyphenol Oxidases; Modified Atmosphere Packaging; Aroma Compounds; Metabolic Shifts; Plant Hormones

Postharvest: an introduction to the physiology and handling of fruit, vegetables and ornamentals

2007-01-01

R. B. H. Wills , W. B. McGlasson , D. Graham +1 more

Effective postharvest handling is critical in maintaining the quality and freshness of crops from the time when they are harvested to when they are sold to the consumer. Presented in … Effective postharvest handling is critical in maintaining the quality and freshness of crops from the time when they are harvested to when they are sold to the consumer. Presented in a new larger format with an expanded colour section, this broad-based introductory level textbook covers the key concepts and practical technologies to slow the inevitable deterioration of harvested produce, including handling, packaging, transport, temperature management and the control of pests and diseases. The 5th edition is updated with current industry developments and practices.

Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products

1991-01-01

Stanley J. Kays

THE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS VARIATION IN A DIALLEL CROSS OF NICOTIANA RUSTICA VARIETIES

1954-11-01

J L Jinks

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The ethylene signaling pathway: new insights

2003-12-13

Hongwei Guo , Joseph R. Ecker

Involvement of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Regulation of Senescence in Pear

1977-03-01

Thomas M. Brennan , Chaim Frenkel

Endogenous peroxide levels in pear fruit (Pyrus communis) were measured using a titanium assay method, and were found to increase during senescence in both Bartlett and Bosc varieties. Application of … Endogenous peroxide levels in pear fruit (Pyrus communis) were measured using a titanium assay method, and were found to increase during senescence in both Bartlett and Bosc varieties. Application of glycolic acid or xanthine, serving as substrates for the formation of H(2)O(2), increased the peroxide content of the tissue and accelerated the onset of ripening, as measured by increased softening and ethylene evolution. Application of ethylene also induced increased peroxide levels. Ripening processes were similarly promoted when peroxides were conserved by inhibiting the activity of catalase with hydroxylamine or potassium cyanide. By comparison, the inhibition of glycolate oxidase with alphahydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid decreased the peroxide content of the tissue and delayed the onset of ripening. These results indicate that the onset of ripening correlates with the peroxide content of fruit tissues as occurring under normal conditions or as influenced by the treatments. Hydrogen peroxide may be involved in oxidative processes required in the initiation and the promotion of ripening.

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Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1

1998-12-01

Roberto Solano , Anna N. Stepanova , Qimin Chao +1 more

Response to the gaseous plant hormone ethylene in Arabidopsis requires the EIN3/EIL family of nuclear proteins. The biochemical function(s) of EIN3/EIL proteins, however, has remained unknown. In this study, we … Response to the gaseous plant hormone ethylene in Arabidopsis requires the EIN3/EIL family of nuclear proteins. The biochemical function(s) of EIN3/EIL proteins, however, has remained unknown. In this study, we show that EIN3 and EILs comprise a family of novel sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression by binding directly to a primary ethylene response element (PERE) related to the tomato E4-element. Moreover, we identified an immediate target of EIN3, ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 ( ERF1 ), which contains this element in its promoter. EIN3 is necessary and sufficient for ERF1 expression, and, like EIN3 -overexpression in transgenic plants, constitutive expression of ERF1 results in the activation of a variety of ethylene response genes and phenotypes. Evidence is also provided that ERF1 acts downstream of EIN3 and all other components of the ethylene signaling pathway. The results demonstrate that the nuclear proteins EIN3 and ERF1 act sequentially in a cascade of transcriptional regulation initiated by ethylene gas.

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The use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruits and vegetables

2006-03-14

Christopher B. Watkins

Ethylene as a Signal Mediating the Wound Response of Tomato Plants

1996-12-13

Philip J. O’Donnell , Caroline M. Calvert , Rainer Atzorn +3 more

Plants respond to physical injury, such as that caused by foraging insects, by synthesizing proteins that function in general defense and tissue repair. In tomato plants, one class of wound-responsive … Plants respond to physical injury, such as that caused by foraging insects, by synthesizing proteins that function in general defense and tissue repair. In tomato plants, one class of wound-responsive genes encodes proteinase inhibitor (pin) proteins shown to block insect feeding. Application of many different factors will induce or inhibit pin gene expression. Ethylene is required in the transduction pathway leading from injury, and ethylene and jasmonates act together to regulate pin gene expression during the wound response.

EIN3-Dependent Regulation of Plant Ethylene Hormone Signaling by Two Arabidopsis F Box Proteins

2003-12-01

Thomas Potuschak , Esther Lechner , Yves Parmentier +4 more

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Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by Arabidopsis ERS Gene

1995-09-22

Jian Hua , Caren Chang , Qi Sun +1 more

ERS ( ethylene response sensor ), a gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene hormone-response pathway, was uncovered by cross-hybridization with the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene. The deduced ERS protein has sequence … ERS ( ethylene response sensor ), a gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene hormone-response pathway, was uncovered by cross-hybridization with the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene. The deduced ERS protein has sequence similarity with the amino-terminal domain and putative histidine protein kinase domain of ETR1, but it does not have a receiver domain as found in ETR1. A missense mutation identical to the dominant etr1-4 mutation was introduced into the ERS gene. The altered ERS gene conferred dominant ethylene insensitivity to wild-type Arabidopsis . Double-mutant analysis indicates that ERS acts upstream of the CTR1 protein kinase gene in the ethylene-response pathway.

Modelling respiration rate of fresh fruits and vegetables for modified atmosphere packages: a review

2002-04-01

Susana C. Fonseca , F.A.R. Oliveira , Jeffrey K. Brecht

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CTR1, a negative regulator of the ethylene response pathway in arabidopsis, encodes a member of the Raf family of protein kinases

1993-02-01

Joseph J. Kieber , Madge Rothenberg , Gregg Roman +2 more

We isolated a recessive Arabidopsis mutant, ctr1, that constitutively exhibits seedling and adult phenotypes observed in plants treated with the plant hormone ethylene. The ctr1 adult morphology can be phenocopied … We isolated a recessive Arabidopsis mutant, ctr1, that constitutively exhibits seedling and adult phenotypes observed in plants treated with the plant hormone ethylene. The ctr1 adult morphology can be phenocopied by treatment of wild-type plants with exogenous ethylene and is due, at least in part, to inhibition of cell elongation. Seedlings and adult ctr1 plants show constitutive expression of ethylene-regulated genes. The epistasis of ctr1 and other ethylene response mutants has defined the position of CTR1 in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. The CTR1 gene has been cloned, and the DNA sequences of four mutant alleles were determined. The gene encodes a putative serine/threonine protein kinase that is most closely related to the Raf protein kinase family.

Arabidopsis Ethylene-Response Gene ETR1 : Similarity of Product to Two-Component Regulators

1993-10-22

Caren Chang , Shing F. Kwok , Anthony B. Bleecker +1 more

Ethylene behaves as a hormone in plants, regulating such aspects of growth and development as fruit ripening, flower senescence, and abscission. Ethylene insensitivity is conferred by dominant mutations in the … Ethylene behaves as a hormone in plants, regulating such aspects of growth and development as fruit ripening, flower senescence, and abscission. Ethylene insensitivity is conferred by dominant mutations in the ETR1 gene early in the ethylene signal transduction pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana . The ETR1 gene was cloned by the method of chromosome walking. Each of the four known etr1 mutant alleles contains a missense mutation near the amino terminus of the predicted protein. Although the sequence of the amino-terminal half of the deduced ETR1 protein appears to be novel, the carboxyl-terminal half is similar in sequence to both components of the prokaryotic family of signal transducers known as the two-component systems. Thus, an early step in ethylene signal transduction in plants may involve transfer of phosphate as in prokaryotic two-component systems. The dominant etr1-1 mutant gene conferred ethylene insensitivity to wild-type Arabidopsis plants when introduced by transformation.

Plant Responses to Ethylene Gas Are Mediated by SCFEBF1/EBF2-Dependent Proteolysis of EIN3 Transcription Factor

2003-12-01

Hongwei Guo , Joseph R. Ecker

The Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway in Plants

1995-05-05

Joseph R. Ecker

Ethylene (C2H4), the chemically simplest plant hormone, is among the best-characterized plant growth regulators. It participates in a variety of stress responses and developmental processes. Genetic studies in Arabidopsis have … Ethylene (C2H4), the chemically simplest plant hormone, is among the best-characterized plant growth regulators. It participates in a variety of stress responses and developmental processes. Genetic studies in Arabidopsis have defined a number of genes in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Isolation of two of these genes has revealed that plants sense this gas through a combination of proteins that resemble both prokaryotic and eukaryotic signaling proteins. Ethylene signaling components are likely conserved for responses as diverse as cell elongation, cell fate patterning in the root epidermis, and fruit ripening. Genetic manipulation of these genes will provide agriculture with new tools to prevent or modify ethylene responses in a variety of plants.

Quality measurement of fruits and vegetables

1999-03-01

Judith A. Abbott

Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh-cut fruit and vegetables

2008-01-09

P.M.A. Toivonen , David A. Brummell

Reversible Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Senescence by Antisense RNA

1991-10-18

Paul W. Oeller , Lu Min-Wong , Loverine P. Taylor +2 more

Ethylene controls fruit ripening. Expression of antisense RNA to the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, inhibits fruit ripening in tomato plants. Administration of exogenous ethylene … Ethylene controls fruit ripening. Expression of antisense RNA to the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, inhibits fruit ripening in tomato plants. Administration of exogenous ethylene or propylene reverses the inhibitory effect. This result demonstrates that ethylene is the trigger and not the by-product of ripening and raises the prospect that the life-span of plant tissues can be extended, thereby preventing spoilage.

Role of Cell Wall Hydrolases in Fruit Ripening

1991-06-01

Robert L. Fischer , A. B. Bennett

CELL WALL STRUCTURE AND RIPENING-ASSOCIATED CHANGES .. ......... 676 Cellulose 677 Hemicellulose 678 Pectin .... ........ 679 Other Cell Wall Components 681 CELL WALL HYDRO LASES ....... ....... 681 Polygalacturonase … CELL WALL STRUCTURE AND RIPENING-ASSOCIATED CHANGES .. ......... 676 Cellulose 677 Hemicellulose 678 Pectin .... ........ 679 Other Cell Wall Components 681 CELL WALL HYDRO LASES ....... ....... 681 Polygalacturonase .. , .. .. ..... ... .. ... .. ...... .. 682 Pectinmethylesterase..... ......... .. .. 686 Cx-Cellulase ......... 687 Other Cell Wall Hydrolases 688 CELL WALL HYDROLASE FUNCTION DURING FRUIT RIPENING 689 Physical. Genetic. and Biochemical Modification of Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity 689 Molecular Genetic Modification of Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity . 690 FUTURE PROSPECTS .. .. ... .. .. .. ........ .. ...... .. 695

Insensitivity to Ethylene Conferred by a Dominant Mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana

1988-08-26

Anthony B. Bleecker , Mark Estelle , Chris Somerville +1 more

Ethylene influences a number of developmental processes and responses to stress in higher plants. The molecular basis for the action of ethylene was investigated in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that … Ethylene influences a number of developmental processes and responses to stress in higher plants. The molecular basis for the action of ethylene was investigated in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that have altered responses to ethylene. One mutant line, which has a dominant mutation at a locus designated etr, lacks a number of responses to ethylene that are present in the wild-type plant. These include inhibition of cell elongation, promotion of seed germination, enhancement of peroxidase activity, acceleration of leaf senescence, and feedback suppression of ethylene synthesis by ethylene. These diverse responses, which occur in different tissues of Arabidopsis, appear to share some common element in their transduction pathways-for example, a single receptor for ethylene. Results of ethylene binding experiments in vivo indicate that this receptor may be affected by the etr mutation.

Activation of the Ethylene Gas Response Pathway in Arabidopsis by the Nuclear Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and Related Proteins

1997-06-01

Qimin Chao , Madge Rothenberg , Roberto Solano +3 more

Mutations in the Arabidopsis ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) gene severely limit a plant's response to the gaseous hormone ethylene. ein3 mutants show a loss of ethylene-mediated effects including gene expression, the triple … Mutations in the Arabidopsis ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) gene severely limit a plant's response to the gaseous hormone ethylene. ein3 mutants show a loss of ethylene-mediated effects including gene expression, the triple response, cell growth inhibition, and accelerated senescence. EIN3 acts downstream of the histidine kinase ethylene receptor, ETR1, and the Raf-like kinase, CTR1. The EIN3 gene encodes a novel nuclear-localized protein that shares sequence similarity, structural features, and genetic function with three EIN3-LIKE (EIL) proteins. In addition to EIN3, EIL1 orEIL2 were able to complement ein3, suggesting their participation in the ethylene signaling pathway. Overexpression of EIN3 or EIL1 in wild-type or ethylene-insensitive2 plants conferred constitutive ethylene phenotypes, indicating their sufficiency for activation of the pathway in the absence of ethylene.

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An Ethylene-Inducible Component of Signal Transduction Encoded by Never-ripe

1995-12-15

Jack Q. Wilkinson , Michael B. Lanahan , Hsiao-ching Yen +2 more

The ripening-impaired tomato mutant Never-ripe ( Nr ) is insensitive to the plant hormone ethylene. The gene that cosegregates with the Nr locus encodes a protein with homology to the … The ripening-impaired tomato mutant Never-ripe ( Nr ) is insensitive to the plant hormone ethylene. The gene that cosegregates with the Nr locus encodes a protein with homology to the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor ETR1 but is lacking the response regulator domain found in ETR1 and related prokaryotic two-component signal transducers. A single amino acid change in the sensor domain confers ethylene insensitivity when expressed in transgenic tomato plants. Modulation of NR gene expression during fruit ripening controls response to the hormone ethylene.

Ethylene Responses Are Negatively Regulated by a Receptor Gene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana

1998-07-01

Jianhua Ma , Elliot M. Meyerowitz

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Antisense gene that inhibits synthesis of the hormone ethylene in transgenic plants

1990-07-01

Andrew J. Hamilton , Grantley W. Lycett , Donald Grierson

Factors affecting the postharvest soluble solids and sugar content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit

2011-10-17

Diane M. Beckles

The biochemistry and control of enzymatic browning

1995-06-01

M.Victoria Martinez , John R. Whitaker

Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: Recent developments

1997-07-01

Edward C. Sisler , Margrethe Serek

A number of organic molecules that appear to block the ethylene receptor have been discovered recently. For example, on irradiation with visible light, diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), gives rise to some potent … A number of organic molecules that appear to block the ethylene receptor have been discovered recently. For example, on irradiation with visible light, diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), gives rise to some potent but as yet unidentified inhibitor compounds. Some synthetic cyclopropenes have been shown to bind to the ethylene receptor and prevent the physiological action of ethylene for extended periods. Cyclopropene (CP). 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) and 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropene (3,3‐DMCP) have been shown to prevent ethylene effects in a number of plants. As low a concentration as 0.5 nl l −1 of 1‐MCP is sufficient to protect carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus ) flowers for several days against ethylene, and 0.7 nl l −1 1‐MCP or CP will prevent the ripening of banana ( Musa sapientum ) for 12 days at 24°C. Some plant organs require higher concentrations of these inhibitors. Complete inhibition of ethylene effects in pea seedlings requires treatment with 40 n1 1 −1 of 1‐MCP. These novel inhibitors appear to be suitable for many commercial applications including extending the vase life of cut flowers and the display life of potted plants. Since 1‐MCP apparently is non‐toxic at concentrations that are active, it may in future be available for regulating the ripening of fruits and preventing the deleterious effects of ethylene in vegetables.

Recent advances in ethylene research

2009-06-30

Zhenguo Lin , Silin Zhong , Donald Grierson

Ethylene regulates many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root initiation, flower development, fruit ripening, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It thus plays a … Ethylene regulates many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root initiation, flower development, fruit ripening, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It thus plays a key role in responses to the environment that have a direct bearing on a plant's fitness for adaptation and reproduction. In recent years, there have been major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating ethylene synthesis and action. Screening for mutants of the triple response phenotype of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, together with map-based cloning and candidate gene characterization of natural mutants from other plant species, has led to the identification of many new genes for ethylene biosynthesis, signal transduction, and response pathways. The simple chemical nature of ethylene contrasts with its regulatory complexity. This is illustrated by the multiplicity of genes encoding the key ethylene biosynthesis enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase, multiple ethylene receptors and signal transduction components, and the complexity of regulatory steps involving signalling relays and control of mRNA and protein synthesis and turnover. In addition, there are extensive interactions with other hormones. This review integrates knowledge from the model plant Arabidopsis and other plant species and focuses on key aspects of recent research on regulatory networks controlling ethylene synthesis and its role in flower development and fruit ripening.

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What controls fleshy fruit acidity? A review of malate and citrate accumulation in fruit cells

2013-02-13

A Etienne , Michel M. Génard , Philippe Lobit +2 more

Fleshy fruit acidity is an important component of fruit organoleptic quality and is mainly due to the presence of malic and citric acids, the main organic acids found in most … Fleshy fruit acidity is an important component of fruit organoleptic quality and is mainly due to the presence of malic and citric acids, the main organic acids found in most ripe fruits. The accumulation of these two acids in fruit cells is the result of several interlinked processes that take place in different compartments of the cell and appear to be under the control of many factors. This review combines analyses of transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic data, and fruit process-based simulation models of the accumulation of citric and malic acids, to further our understanding of the physiological mechanisms likely to control the accumulation of these two acids during fruit development. The effects of agro-environmental factors, such as the source:sink ratio, water supply, mineral nutrition, and temperature, on citric and malic acid accumulation in fruit cells have been reported in several agronomic studies. This review sheds light on the interactions between these factors and the metabolism and storage of organic acids in the cell.

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Ethylene‐induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis occurs via AtrbohF‐mediated hydrogen peroxide synthesis

2006-08-08

Radhika Desikan , K. S. Last , Rhian Harrett‐Williams +5 more

Summary Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of growth and development. Despite the well‐known association between ethylene and stress signalling, its effects on stomatal movements are largely … Summary Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of growth and development. Despite the well‐known association between ethylene and stress signalling, its effects on stomatal movements are largely unexplored. Here, genetic and physiological data are provided that position ethylene into the Arabidopsis guard cell signalling network, and demonstrate a functional link between ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). In wild‐type leaves, ethylene induces stomatal closure that is dependent on H 2 O 2 production in guard cells, generated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase AtrbohF. Ethylene‐induced closure is inhibited by the ethylene antagonists 1‐MCP and silver. The ethylene receptor mutants etr1–1 and etr1–3 are insensitive to ethylene in terms of stomatal closure and H 2 O 2 production. Stomata of the ethylene signalling ein2–1 and arr2 mutants do not close in response to either ethylene or H 2 O 2 but do generate H 2 O 2 following ethylene challenge. Thus, the data indicate that ethylene and H 2 O 2 signalling in guard cells are mediated by ETR1 via EIN2 and ARR2‐dependent pathway(s), and identify AtrbohF as a key mediator of stomatal responses to ethylene.

M<scp>OLECULAR</scp>B<scp>IOLOGY OF</scp>F<scp>RUIT</scp>M<scp>ATURATION AND</scp>R<scp>IPENING</scp>

2001-06-01

Jim Giovannoni

The development and maturation of fruits has received considerable scientific scrutiny because of both the uniqueness of such processes to the biology of plants and the importance of fruit as … The development and maturation of fruits has received considerable scientific scrutiny because of both the uniqueness of such processes to the biology of plants and the importance of fruit as a significant component of the human diet. Molecular and genetic analysis of fruit development, and especially ripening of fleshy fruits, has resulted in significant gains in knowledge over recent years. Great strides have been made in the areas of ethylene biosynthesis and response, cell wall metabolism, and environmental factors, such as light, that impact ripening. Discoveries made in Arabidopsis in terms of general mechanisms for signal transduction, in addition to specific mechanisms of carpel development, have assisted discovery in more traditional models such as tomato. This review attempts to coalesce recent findings in the areas of fruit development and ripening.

Ethylene and fruit ripening

1997-12-01

Jean‐Marc Lelièvre , Alain Latchè , Brian Jones +2 more

The latest advances in our understanding of the relationship between ethylene and fruit ripening are reviewed. Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of genes encoding the key ethylene … The latest advances in our understanding of the relationship between ethylene and fruit ripening are reviewed. Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of genes encoding the key ethylene biosynthetic enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) and in the isolation of genes involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway, particularly those encoding ethylene receptors ( ETR ). These have allowed the generation of transgenic fruit with reduced ethylene production and the identification of the Nr tomato ripening mutant as an ethylene receptor mutant. Through these tools, a clearer picture of the role of ethylene in fruit ripening is now emerging. In climacteric fruit, the transition to autocatalytic ethylene production appears to result from a series of events where developmentally regulated ACO and ACS gene expression initiates a rise in ethylene production, setting in motion the activation of autocatalytic ethylene production. Differential expression of ACS and ACO gene family members is probably involved in such a transition. Finally, we discuss evidence suggesting that the NR ethylene perception and transduction pathway is specific to a defined set of genes expressed in ripening climacteric fruit and that a distinct ETR pathway regulates other ethylene‐regulated genes in both immature and ripening climacteric fruit as well as in non‐climacteric fruit. The emerging picture is one where both ethylene‐dependent and ‐independent pathways coexist in both climacteric and non‐climacteric fruits. Further work is needed in order to dissect the molecular events involved in individual ripening processes and to understand the regulation of the expression of both ethylene‐dependent and ‐independent genes.

Ethylene Signaling Negatively Regulates Freezing Tolerance by Repressing Expression of CBF and Type-A ARR Genes in Arabidopsis

2012-06-01

Yiting Shi , Shouwei Tian , Lingyan Hou +4 more

The phytohormone ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development and responses to environmental stress. However, the exact role of ethylene in freezing stress remains unclear. Here, we report … The phytohormone ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development and responses to environmental stress. However, the exact role of ethylene in freezing stress remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene negatively regulates plant responses to freezing stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Freezing tolerance was decreased in ethylene overproducer1 and by the application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid but increased by the addition of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinyl glycine or the perception antagonist Ag+. Furthermore, ethylene-insensitive mutants, including etr1-1, ein4-1, ein2-5, ein3-1, and ein3 eil1, displayed enhanced freezing tolerance. By contrast, the constitutive ethylene response mutant ctr1-1 and EIN3-overexpressing plants exhibited reduced freezing tolerance. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that EIN3 negatively regulates the expression of CBFs and type-A Arabidopsis response regulator5 (ARR5), ARR7, and ARR15 by binding to specific elements in their promoters. Overexpression of these ARR genes enhanced the freezing tolerance of plants. Thus, our study demonstrates that ethylene negatively regulates cold signaling at least partially through the direct transcriptional control of cold-regulated CBFs and type-A ARR genes by EIN3. Our study also provides evidence that type-A ARRs function as key nodes to integrate ethylene and cytokinin signaling in regulation of plant responses to environmental stress.

Ethylene Response Factors: A Key Regulatory Hub in Hormone and Stress Signaling

2015-06-23

Maren Müller , Sergi Munné‐Bosch

Ethylene is essential for many developmental processes and a key mediator of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. The ethylene signaling and response pathway includes Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), … Ethylene is essential for many developmental processes and a key mediator of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. The ethylene signaling and response pathway includes Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), which belong to the transcription factor family APETALA2/ERF. It is well known that ERFs regulate molecular response to pathogen attack by binding to sequences containing AGCCGCC motifs (the GCC box), a cis-acting element. However, recent studies suggest that several ERFs also bind to dehydration-responsive elements and act as a key regulatory hub in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we review some of the recent advances in our understanding of the ethylene signaling and response pathway, with emphasis on ERFs and their role in hormone cross talk and redox signaling under abiotic stresses. We conclude that ERFs act as a key regulatory hub, integrating ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and redox signaling in the plant response to a number of abiotic stresses.

Extending and measuring the quality of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables: a review

2007-04-25

Daniel Rico , Ana Belén Martín‐Diana , José Manuel Barat Baviera +1 more

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Genetic analysis of ethylene signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana: five novel mutant loci integrated into a stress response pathway.

1995-03-01

Gregg Roman , Barry Lubarsky , Joseph J. Kieber +2 more

The response of Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated seedlings to the plant hormone ethylene is a conspicuous phenotype known as the triple response. We have identified genes that are required for ethylene … The response of Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated seedlings to the plant hormone ethylene is a conspicuous phenotype known as the triple response. We have identified genes that are required for ethylene perception and responses by isolating mutants that fail to display a triple response in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Five new complementation groups have been identified. Four of these loci, designated ein4, ein5, ein6 and ein7, are insensitive to ethylene. The fifth complementation group, eir1, is defined by a novel class of mutants that have agravitropic and ethylene-insensitive roots. Double-mutant phenotypes have allowed the positioning of these loci in a genetic pathway for ethylene signal transduction. The ethylene-response pathway is defined by the following loci: ETR1, EIN4, CTR1, EIN2, EIN3, EIN5, EIN6, EIN7, EIR1, AUX1 and HLS1. ctr1-1 is epistatic to etr1-3 and ein4, indicating that CTR1 acts after both ETR1 and EIN4 in the ethylene-response pathway. Mutations at the EIN2, EIN3, EIN5, EIN6 and EIN7 loci are all epistatic to the ctr1 seedling phenotype. The EIR1 and AUX1 loci define a root-specific ethylene response that does not require EIN3 or EIN5 gene activity. HLS1 appears to be required for differential cell growth in the apical hook. The EIR1, AUX1 and HLS1 genes may function in the interactions between ethylene and other plant hormones that occur late in the signaling pathway of this simple gas.

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Polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases in fruits and vegetables

1981-09-01

L. Vámos‐Vigyázó , Norman F. Haard

Polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases are among the most studied enzymes in fruits and vegetables. Owing to the deleterious effects of discoloration and off-flavor formation induced by their actions, these enzymes … Polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases are among the most studied enzymes in fruits and vegetables. Owing to the deleterious effects of discoloration and off-flavor formation induced by their actions, these enzymes have not ceased to be a matter of concern to food technologists, while their versatility as catalyst and their diversity as protein present a challenge to the biochemist. This article gives an account on the present state of knowledge in this field. The occurrence of polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases in food and food raw materials, and their role and importance in food processing are briefly outlined. Results of biochemical research including catalytic properties, substrate specificity, susceptibility towards pH and temperature, action of inhibitors, isolation, purification, and characteristics of the enzymes are given, with special emphasis on recent achievements based on high resolution separation and isoenzyme techniques. Finally, the behavior of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in selected major groups of fruits and vegetables is discussed. Some contradictions found in the literature are pointed out and some questions that have not been given the necessary attention by researchers so far are mentioned.

Color, Flavor, Texture, and Nutritional Quality of Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Desirable Levels, Instrumental and Sensory Measurement, and the Effects of Processing

2010-04-05

Diane M. Barrett , John C. Beaulieu , R.L. Shewfelt

AbstractThe color, flavor, texture, and the nutritional value of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are factors critical to consumer acceptance and the success of these products. In this chapter, desirable … AbstractThe color, flavor, texture, and the nutritional value of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are factors critical to consumer acceptance and the success of these products. In this chapter, desirable and undesirable quality attributes of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are reviewed. Both instrumental and sensory measurements for determining these critical quality attributes are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of sensory and instrumental quality measurements are described. A review of typical unit operations involved in the production of fresh-cut products is presented. The effects of fresh-cut processing techniques and treatments on sensory quality, including the appearance, texture, flavor (taste and aroma) of vegetables, and fruits are detailed.Keywords: fresh-cutfruitvegetablequalitycolortextureflavornutrients

Ethylene: A Gaseous Signal Molecule in Plants

2000-11-01

Anthony B. Bleecker , Hans Kende

▪ Abstract Ethylene regulates a multitude of plant processes, ranging from seed germination to organ senescence. Of particular economic importance is the role of ethylene as an inducer of fruit … ▪ Abstract Ethylene regulates a multitude of plant processes, ranging from seed germination to organ senescence. Of particular economic importance is the role of ethylene as an inducer of fruit ripening. Ethylene is synthesized from S-adenosyl-L-methionine via 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). The enzymes catalyzing the two reactions in this pathway are ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. Environmental and endogenous signals regulate ethylene biosynthesis primarily through differential expression of ACC synthase genes. Components of the ethylene signal transduction pathway have been identified by characterization of ethylene-response mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. One class of mutations, exemplified by etr1, led to the identification of the ethylene receptors, which turned out to be related to bacterial two-component signaling systems. Mutations that eliminate ethylene binding to the receptor yield a dominant, ethylene-insensitive phenotype. CTR1 encodes a Raf-like Ser/Thr protein kinase that acts downstream from the ethylene receptor and may be part of a MAP kinase cascade. Mutants in CTR1 exhibit a constitutive ethylene-response phenotype. Both the ethylene receptors and CTR1 are negative regulators of ethylene responses. EIN2 and EIN3 are epistatic to CTR1, and mutations in either gene lead to ethylene insensitivity. Whereas the function of EIN2 in ethylene transduction is not known, EIN3 is a putative transcription factor involved in regulating expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Biotechnological modifications of ethylene synthesis and of sensitivity to ethylene are promising methods to prevent spoilage of agricultural products such as fruits, whose ripening is induced by ethylene.

Ethylene-inducible DNA binding proteins that interact with an ethylene-responsive element.

1995-02-01

Masaru Ohme‐Takagi , Hideaki Shinshi

We demonstrated that the GCC box, which is an 11-bp sequence (TAAGAGCCGCC) conserved in the 5' upstream region of ethylene-inducible pathogenesis-related protein genes in Nicotiana spp and in some other … We demonstrated that the GCC box, which is an 11-bp sequence (TAAGAGCCGCC) conserved in the 5' upstream region of ethylene-inducible pathogenesis-related protein genes in Nicotiana spp and in some other plants, is the sequence that is essential for ethylene responsiveness when incorporated into a heterologous promoter. Competitive gel retardation assays showed DNA binding activities to be specific to the GCC box sequence in tobacco nuclear extracts. Four different cDNAs encoding DNA binding proteins specific for the GCC box sequence were isolated, and their products were designated ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs). The deduced amino acid sequences of EREBPs exhibited no homology with those of known DNA binding proteins or transcription factors; neither did the deduced proteins contain a basic leucine zipper or zinc finger motif. The DNA binding domain was identified within a region of 59 amino acid residues that was common to all four deduced EREBPs. Regions highly homologous to the DNA binding domain of EREBPs were found in proteins deduced from the cDNAs of various plants, suggesting that this domain is evolutionarily conserved in plants. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that accumulation of mRNAs for EREBPs was induced by ethylene, but individual EREBPs exhibited different patterns of expression.

Enzymatic browning reactions in apple and apple products

1994-01-01

J. Nicolas , F. Richard-Forget , Pascale Goupy +2 more

This review examines the parameters of enzymatic browning in apple and apple products that is, phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidases, and other factors (ascorbic acid and peroxidases), both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then … This review examines the parameters of enzymatic browning in apple and apple products that is, phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidases, and other factors (ascorbic acid and peroxidases), both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then the relationships between intensity of browning and the browning parameters are discussed, including a paragraph on the methods used for browning evaluation. Finally, the different methods for the control of browning are presented.

Ethylene biosynthesis and action in tomato: a model for climacteric fruit ripening

2002-09-25

Lois M. Alexander

Elucidating the mechanisms involved in ripening of climacteric fruit and the role that ethylene plays in the process are key to understanding fruit production and quality. In this review, which … Elucidating the mechanisms involved in ripening of climacteric fruit and the role that ethylene plays in the process are key to understanding fruit production and quality. In this review, which is based largely on research in tomato, particular attention is paid to the role of specific isoforms of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase in controlling ethylene synthesis during the initiation and subsequent autocatalytic phase of ethylene production during ripening. Recent information on the structure and role of six different putative ethylene receptors in tomato is discussed, including evidence supporting the receptor inhibition model for ripening, possible differences in histidine kinase activity between receptors, and the importance of receptor LeETR4 in ripening. A number of ethylene-regulated ripening-related genes are discussed, including those involved in ethylene synthesis, fruit texture, and aroma volatile production, as well as experiments designed to elucidate the ethylene signalling pathway from receptor through intermediate components similar to those found in Arabidopsis, leading to transcription factors predicted to control the expression of ethylene-regulated genes.

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Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops

2000-11-01

Seung K. Lee , Adel A. Kader

Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi: Going places? A review

2006-09-15

Alfred M. Mayer

Genetics and Control of Tomato Fruit Ripening and Quality Attributes

2011-03-02

Harry J. Klee , James J. Giovannoni

Tomato ripening is a highly coordinated developmental process that coincides with seed maturation. Regulated expression of thousands of genes controls fruit softening as well as accumulation of pigments, sugars, acids, … Tomato ripening is a highly coordinated developmental process that coincides with seed maturation. Regulated expression of thousands of genes controls fruit softening as well as accumulation of pigments, sugars, acids, and volatile compounds that increase attraction to animals. A combination of molecular tools and ripening-affected mutants has permitted researchers to establish a framework for the control of ripening. Tomato is a climacteric fruit, with an absolute requirement for the phytohormone ethylene to ripen. This dependence upon ethylene has established tomato fruit ripening as a model system for study of regulation of its synthesis and perception. In addition, several important ripening mutants, including rin, nor, and Cnr, have provided novel insights into the control of ripening processes. Here, we describe how ethylene and the transcription factors associated with the ripening process fit together into a network controlling ripening.

1-Methylcyclopropene: a review

2003-03-15

Sylvia M. Blankenship , John M. Dole

Effect of ethylene on quality of fresh fruits and vegetables

1999-03-01

Mikal E. Saltveit

Biochemical and physiological basis for effects of controlled and modified atmospheres on fruits and vegetables

1986-01-01

A.A. Kader

A literature review discusses the possible direct and indirect effects of controlled atmospheres (CA's) on the biochemical and physiological properties of fruits and vegetables during transport and storage. The effects … A literature review discusses the possible direct and indirect effects of controlled atmospheres (CA's) on the biochemical and physiological properties of fruits and vegetables during transport and storage. The effects specifically discussed are those associated with: respiratory metabolism; ethylene biosynthesis and action; chemical changes affecting product color, texture, flavor, and nutritional value; growth and development; physical injuries caused by bruising; water loss; and physiological disorders alleviated, aggravated, or induced by CA's. The role of CA's on controlling pathogens that promote postharvest decay also is discussed.(wz)

Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables

2006-01-01

S. Mangaraj , Tridib Kumar Goswami , S. D. Kulkarni +3 more

Banana bract derived cellulose coatings for enhancing shelf life of cherry tomatoes: Insights in to a sustainable post harvest technology

2025-06-24

Rita Rose Chacko , Suzaine Roy Zachariah , Adhithya Sankar Santhosh +2 more | Polymer Bulletin

Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Spreads Derived from Fruit Processing By-Products

2025-06-24

Chrysanthi Nouska , Liliana Ciurlă , Antoanela Patraș +2 more | Foods

Apple, tomato, and grape pomaces, as well as an apple–grape (1:1) mixed pomace, were employed in the formulation of fruit-based spreads to valorize these underutilized by-products. The influence of pectin … Apple, tomato, and grape pomaces, as well as an apple–grape (1:1) mixed pomace, were employed in the formulation of fruit-based spreads to valorize these underutilized by-products. The influence of pectin addition on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the spreads was also examined. All spread preparations carried the ‘high fiber’ nutrition claim. The apple pomace spread demonstrated the highest total and soluble dietary fiber contents (14.13 and 4.28%, respectively). Colorimetry showed higher L* and a* values for the tomato pomace spreads. Rheometry of the spreads revealed pseudoplastic flow and weak gel-like behavior (G’ > G’’); the tomato and grape pomace spreads with pectin exhibited the highest η*, G’, and G’’ values. A texture analysis (spreadability test) indicated that pectin addition affected only the mixed pomace spread, resulting in the least spreadable product. Regarding bioactive compounds, the apple pomace had the highest total phenolic content, and the grape pomace exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, both of which were also reflected in their corresponding spreads. A principal component analysis indicated a strong correlation among flavor, mouthfeel, and moisture content, which were negatively correlated with color intensity and spreadability. The apple pomace spread with added pectin was the most widely preferred by consumers due to its appealing mouthfeel, spreadability and flavor.

1-Butanol applied to ‘Maxi Gala’ apples during postharvest shelf life and after dynamic controlled atmosphere: Effects on metabolism and quality

2025-06-24

Barbara Cecconi Deon , Fernanda de Candido de Oliveira , Francis Júnior Soldateli +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Biotechnological Approaches for Improving Postharvest Shelf-Life of Fresh Produce

2025-06-24

A. Harshavardhan Reddy , Inderpal Kaur , Jadala Shankaraswamy +1 more | CRC Press eBooks

Phytosulfokine α treatment induces osmotic regulation to alleviate postharvest chilling injury of peach fruit by PpbHLH62

2025-06-24

Yinqiu Bao , Yuan Zeng , Liangyi Zhao +6 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Application of Citral Nanoemulsion to Enhance Physicochemical Properties and Extend the Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Longkong during Low-Temperature Storage

2025-06-23

Narin Charoenphun , Karthikeyan Venkatachalam , Jittimon Wongsa +2 more | ACS Omega

Fingerprinting of Peach During the Ripening Process Using an Analytical Platform with Spectrometric and Volatilome-Based Chromatographic Techniques

2025-06-23

Claudia Giménez-Campillo , Natalia Arroyo‐Manzanares , Marta Pastor‐Belda +4 more | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

In recent years, the quality of peaches has been related to their early harvest, so this work has focused on the characterization of the spectral fingerprint using Fourier transform near-infrared … In recent years, the quality of peaches has been related to their early harvest, so this work has focused on the characterization of the spectral fingerprint using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, and headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) based on their volatilome or volatile organic compound content, with the aim of identifying the optimum ripening point of peaches. A total of 344 samples of two different varieties at all ripening stages were analyzed. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear tendency for samples at the same stage of ripening to form visible clusters. The groups identified by PCA were used to construct partial least-squares discriminant analysis models that allowed differentiation according to ripening and variety. The overall results were very promising, especially for the volatilomes measured by HS-GC-IMS and HS-GC-MS.

Hyperbaric Pressures Enhance Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Suppress Grey Mould in Débora Tomato Fruits

2025-06-22

Vanessa Voigt Palaretti , Carlos Inestroza‐Lizardo , José Sidnaldo Pinzetta +1 more | Plant Pathology

ABSTRACT Hyperbaric pressures have been shown to be an efficient technique to inhibit physiological mechanisms of ripening, microbiological development and senescence in vegetables, prolonging their shelf life. However, scarce information … ABSTRACT Hyperbaric pressures have been shown to be an efficient technique to inhibit physiological mechanisms of ripening, microbiological development and senescence in vegetables, prolonging their shelf life. However, scarce information is available regarding the effect of hyperbaric pressures on the control of postharvest diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric pressures of 100 (control), 200, 400, 600 and 800 kPa on growth in vitro and in vivo of grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ), as well as the effects on the synthesis of bioactive compounds and defence‐ and antioxidant‐related enzymatic activity of cv. Débora tomatoes. We evaluated mycelial growth and germination of conidia in vitro, the incidence and severity of grey mould in vivo, lycopene content, total phenolic compounds, and the activity of defence and antioxidant enzymes. The higher hyperbaric pressures inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination. Tomatoes stored at 800 kPa for 3 days presented a lower incidence and severity of grey mould than the control. In addition, tomatoes showed a reduction in lycopene synthesis, indicating delayed fruit ripening. They also showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and greater activity of defence enzymes phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU) and catalase (CAT). This study demonstrated that hyperbaric pressures at 600 and 800 kPa at room temperature for 3 days retarded grey mould growth in Débora tomatoes and showed the potential of hyperbaric pressures in the control and induction of disease resistance in postharvest conservation.

Dry-curing of melon by infrared-convective method

2025-06-21

Б. Т. Абдижаппарова , N. S. Khanzharov , Alimzhan Imanbayev +2 more | The Journal of Almaty Technological University

The article presents the results of research on drying melon of the Torpeda variety in an infrared-convective dryer. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for drying … The article presents the results of research on drying melon of the Torpeda variety in an infrared-convective dryer. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for drying melon using artificial drying, which will ensure reducing of duration of the process, as well as reducing contamination of the product. To solve this problem, a technology for infrared-convective drying of melon has been developed, including preparation of raw materials, peeling and removing seeds, washing, cutting, blanching in a 0.2% solution of citric acid for 3 minutes, infraredconvective drying of slices in a dryer cabinet "Universal-SD-4" at the temperature of heaters 50÷70 0C and an air speed of 7 m/s, holding at room temperature for 24 hours to moisture levelling, packaging and storage. The study discovered that the combination of infrared heating and convective removal of evaporated moisture made it possible to significantly intensify the dehydration process. It maintains good organoleptic characteristics compared to air-solar drying as well. The duration of the process varied from 5 to 8 hours instead of several days when drying in the sun. All curves are characterized by clearly defined periods of the beginning of drying, constant and decreasing drying rate. The optimal mode of infrared-convective drying is a temperature of 55 0C and a slice size of 50×50×15 mm, which ensures an elastic texture and light color of dried products. A study of the chemical composition showed that carbohydrates predominate in dried slices (79.8%), and the energy value of 100 g of product is 1348.8 kJ or 322 kcal. The research results contribute to the development of theory and technology of melon drying. The use of the developed method of infrared-convective drying will expand the possibility of industrial processing of melon.

Research on the storage of Aport apples with MCP-1 treatment

2025-06-21

I. A. Salatina | The Journal of Almaty Technological University

The paper presents the results of a study on the storage of Aport apples using the MCP-1 preparation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MCP-1 … The paper presents the results of a study on the storage of Aport apples using the MCP-1 preparation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MCP-1 in the storage of the Almaty variety of Aport apples. The fruits were stored in a controlled atmosphere (CA) and under normal conditions, divided into control and experimental batches. Measurements were taken before and after storage, as well as after 14 days of aging at +23°C, simulating retail conditions. Despite initial violations of agricultural technologies and late harvesting, MCP-1 treatment had a positive effect: it helped to preserve the density and quality of the fruit, as well as reduce physiological disorders, especially under RGS storage conditions. The MCP-1 preparation not only effectively preserves the texture and respiratory stability of the fruit, but also significantly reduces losses caused by diseases, especially during long-term storage and subsequent aging at room temperature. This enhances the scientific and applied value of the use of modern growth regulators in fruit and vegetable storage technologies. The results obtained confirm the high effectiveness of MCP-1 in the storage of Aport apples and its significance for reducing losses during storage and sale, especially in the context of the Aport revival program in Kazakhstan.

Ultrasound treatment inhibits postharvest browning of Lyophyllum decastes by regulating pyruvate metabolism and amino acid homeostasis: A transcriptomic and network analysis

2025-06-20

Bingzhi Chen , Yuxin Hu , Shumin Xu +7 more | Scientia Horticulturae

Storage Morphological and Biochemical Performance of Highbush Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Grown Under Photoselective Nets

2025-06-20

Mariana Cecilia Grohar , Eva Indihar , Tea Ivancic +3 more | Horticulturae

The use of photoselective nets has gained interest in highbush blueberry production systems in recent years. Although some work has been conducted on their effects on the growth and development … The use of photoselective nets has gained interest in highbush blueberry production systems in recent years. Although some work has been conducted on their effects on the growth and development of the fruit, the performance of fruit grown under those nets after harvest has not been addressed yet. Here we focus on the performance of fruit grown under photoselective nets (exclusion, red, yellow, black) during long cold storage for the first time. The experiment was performed in two different years, monitoring morphological parameters, as well as primary and secondary metabolites using HPLC-MS and GC-MS. Minimal differences between treatments were noticed in fruit color, firmness and total soluble solids contents (TSS). In terms of fruit metabolism, two different periods were described during storage, with an inflection point at 14 days; in the first period, an increase in sugar content and a decrease in volatile content was observed, while after that, we found the opposite behavior. Overall, fruit grown under red nets showed the highest retention of secondary metabolites and the highest sugar/organic ratio, probably associated with a higher antioxidant capacity promoted by an increased red light proportion during the growth season. On the other hand, yellow nets showed the least favorable storage performance, as the light quality did not significantly improve the metabolism.

The Influence of Storage Conditions and Fruit Quality Parameters on the Minimization of Surface Pitting in Sweet Cherries

2025-06-20

P. Suran , Veronika Danková , Tomáš Nečas +2 more | Horticulturae

Surface pitting is a key postharvest disorder in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that reduces visual quality and shortens shelf life. A three-year study evaluated 35 sweet cherry accessions (32 … Surface pitting is a key postharvest disorder in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that reduces visual quality and shortens shelf life. A three-year study evaluated 35 sweet cherry accessions (32 breeding lines, 3 cultivars) to assess the role of genotype, fruit quality traits, and storage treatments in minimizing pitting damage. Mechanical damage-induced surface pitting was quantified using a resistance index (RI), which ranged from 1.31 ± 0.26 (‘10072’) to 2.72 ± 0.45 (‘16806’), highlighting strong genotypic differences. Fruit firmness showed a strong negative correlation with the resistance index (RI) (r = −0.606). In contrast, soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit size had weak or non-significant correlations with RI, with correlation coefficients of r = −0.022 and r = −0.070, respectively. Only in the second harvest, ultra-low oxygen (ULO) storage resulted in the lowest RI (2.35 ± 0.13). Pre- and post-treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) gave similar results (2.50 ± 0.06 and 2.50 ± 0.15). Ozone pre-treatment was moderately effective (2.66 ± 0.14). Ozone post-treatment had the highest RI (2.85 ± 0.08). The results emphasize the importance of applying protective treatments prior to mechanical damage-induced surface pitting and selecting genotypes with high firmness and storage stability. This study provides a comprehensive framework for breeding and storage conditions aimed at reducing surface pitting in sweet cherries.

Chlorine dioxide affects metabolism of harvested cauliflower

2025-06-19

Xinyi Feng , Demei Meng , Yunxiang Wang +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Exogenous proanthocyanidins improved postharvest quality and resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection of strawberry via enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidants accumulation and salicylic acid signaling pathway

2025-06-19

Yuanxiu Lin , Ziqing Sun , Xiao Wang +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Physicomechanical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Prunus Spinosa L. Fruits at Various Maturity Stages for Postharvest Optimization

2025-06-19

Mehmet Emin Gökdüman | Deleted Journal

Mechanism of Core Browning in Different Maturity Stages of ‘Yali’ Pears During Slow-Cooling Storage and PbRAV-Mediated Regulation

2025-06-18

Bing Deng , Qingxiu Li , Liya Liang +2 more | Foods

This study investigated the impact of slow cooling on browning and fruit quality at three maturity stages (early, mid and late). Slow cooling reduced core browning in early/mid-harvest pears, as … This study investigated the impact of slow cooling on browning and fruit quality at three maturity stages (early, mid and late). Slow cooling reduced core browning in early/mid-harvest pears, as the browning indexes of early-, middle- and late-harvested 'Yali' pears at 60 d were 0.13, 0 and 0.1, respectively, preserving firmness and soluble solids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that upregulated genes in 'Yali' pears facilitated stress adaptation via enhanced catalytic activity and phosphorylation. Mid-harvested pears exhibited activation of phosphorus metabolism and DNA repair mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, whereas the late-harvested counterparts showed significant suppression of photosynthesis-related pathways and pyrimidine metabolism, which collectively accelerated senescence progression. Universal downregulation of hormone-response pathways such as ethylene and auxin revealed systemic stress adaptation decline. Then, the PbRAV transcription factors' role was also studied. EMSA confirmed that GST-PbRAV2 binds to the PbLAC15 promoter, linking RAV2 to laccase regulation. Overripe pears showed PbRAV2 dysregulation, impairing LAC15 suppression and accelerating browning. Findings provide a theoretical basis for using slow cooling to mitigate browning in pear storage.

Mediating effect of indole-3-acetic acid on chilling injury and fruit softening during cold storage of tomato fruit

2025-06-18

Yudong Liu , Wei Deng , Zhengguo Li | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Evolution of Non-Destructive and Destructive Peach ‘Redhaven’ Quality Traits During Maturation

2025-06-17

Marko Vuković , Dejan Ljubobratović , Maja Matetić +3 more | Agronomy

The main goal of this study was to investigate and better understand the evolution of the main non-destructive and destructive quality parameters of peach ‘Redhaven’ during ripening process. This study … The main goal of this study was to investigate and better understand the evolution of the main non-destructive and destructive quality parameters of peach ‘Redhaven’ during ripening process. This study was conducted from 8 to 21 July 2023, during which peaches ‘Redhaven’ were harvested each second day from a commercial orchard located in Novaki Bistranjski. Maturity categories were defined according to different firmness thresholds: maturity for long-distance chain stores (H1), maturity for medium-distance chain stores (H2), maturity below the defined maximum firmness in order to preserve optimal quality traits (H3), ready to buy (H4), ready to eat (H5), and overripe (H6). The chlorophyll absorbance index was the non-destructive parameter that was mostly distinguished between maturity categories (r = 0.78 with firmness), followed by a* and h° ground colour parameters. During the first three maturity categories (H1–H3), firmness had a notably smaller correlation with titratable acidity and the ratio of total soluble solids and titratable acidity, which is not the case for a* and h° ground colour parameters, chlorophyll absorbance index, and the share of additional colour. During the last three maturity categories (H4–H6), non-destructive parameters are not reliable for maturity prediction. When ground colour parameters are measured near petiole insertion, mostly smaller segregation between maturity categories is obtained compared to when measured at the rest of the fruit. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content in peach juice notably corelated only in the last two maturity categories with L* ground colour parameter.

Preparation of natural polymer coating incorporating silver nanoparticles to extend shelf life of passion fruit

2025-06-16

Duy Ngoc Nguyen , Teh C. Ho , Ho Minh Chau Le +1 more | HUE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE NATURAL SCIENCE

Passion fruit is highly perishable because of its vigorous metabolic activity after harvest. Therefore, "green" preservation using safe natural polysaccharides as functional coatings is of significant research interest. This study … Passion fruit is highly perishable because of its vigorous metabolic activity after harvest. Therefore, "green" preservation using safe natural polysaccharides as functional coatings is of significant research interest. This study investigated the combined effects of chitosan and silver nanoparticle coatings at varying concentrations on the quality and shelf life of passion fruit. The results show that the appropriate chitosan concentration to prolong the preservation time was 1%. After 20 days of storage at 25 ± 2 °C, the weight loss was 19.59%. The total yeast and mold, soluble solids, acidity, and vitamin C content were 8.1 × 106 CFU/g, 14.5 °Bₓ, 6.31%, and 0.1583 mg/g, respectively. The coating from chitosan 1%-silver nanoparticles 5 mg/L solution was the most effective in the weight loss of the passion fruit at 17.4%, and the fruit peel colour changed insignificantly. The treated samples exhibited a total yeast and mold count of 1.3 × 10⁵ CFU/g, soluble solids of 14.83 °Bx, the acidity of 6.59%, and vitamin C content of 0.1841 mg/g. Interestingly, no silver nanoparticle residues were detected in the fruit flesh. These findings provided a scientific basis and demonstrated the practical potential of silver nanoparticle-chitosan coatings for effective fruit preservation.

Cyanoalanine Synthase encoding gene SlCAS1 regulates tomato fruit ripening by modulating pigment metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis

2025-06-16

Shengcheng Han , Yuqi Zhao , Lixia Li +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Formulation and Evaluation of a Natural Cleaning Agent from Citrus Lemon Peel Extract, Eggshell and Coconut Shell: A Comparative Study with Commercial Cleaning Product

2025-06-16

Daniel Akpolome , W. A. Raji , A. Akpobi +2 more | Direct Research Journal of Engineering and Information Technology

Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Fresh, Solar-Dried, Oven-Dried and Commercial Royal Gala Apple Snacks

2025-06-15

Lisete Fernandes , Pedro B. Tavares , João Siopa +2 more | Applied Sciences

This study compares the physicochemical properties of Royal Gala apple snacks fresh and processed using different methods: solar-dried (SD), oven-dried at 65 °C (OD65°) and 85 °C (OD85°) and two … This study compares the physicochemical properties of Royal Gala apple snacks fresh and processed using different methods: solar-dried (SD), oven-dried at 65 °C (OD65°) and 85 °C (OD85°) and two commercial brands (CC—commercial apple C and CF—commercial apple F). Evaluated parameters included color, microstructure, acidity, sugar content, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and the presence of heat-induced compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acrylamide. Commercial samples showed more pronounced color changes and a denser microstructure, with higher browning index (BI) values. The ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity, an indicator of sensory acceptance, was more influenced by drying methods than temperature. Total phenolic content was highest in fresh apples (123.68 mg GAE/100 g d.m.) and decreased across all drying methods, particularly in solar-dried (SD) samples (78.57 mg GAE/100 g d.m.). Antioxidant activity followed a similar trend, although SD samples performed better than expected, likely due to the retention of certain bioactive compounds. Fresh apples had the highest sugar content (43.25 mg/100 g d.m.), followed by CC (33.81 mg/100 g d.m.), OD65° (33.37 mg/100 g d.m.), CF (31.56 mg/100 g d.m.), OD85° (25.92 mg/100 g d.m.) and SD (25.01 mg/100 g d.m.). Commercial samples were sweeter and darker, with detectable levels of 5-HMF and acrylamide. The findings highlight that drying method significantly affects snack quality. While solar- and oven-dried samples better preserve bioactive compounds, industrial processes enhance sweetness and visual appeal but increase the formation of potentially undesirable compounds. These results are valuable for both consumers and producers aiming to balance sensory quality with nutritional and food safety considerations in dried apple products.

Mango MiEIL4 modulates starch degradation during fruit ripening by upregulating the expression of β-amylase and α-amylase genes

2025-06-14

Zilong Zhou , Baijun Li , Zengxiang Lin +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Application of electron beam irradiation in kiwifruit preservation and construction of a predictive model for its effectiveness

2025-06-14

Lixia Ye , Yaoxing Niu , Jiangtao Yu +2 more | Journal of Stored Products Research

Riboflavin treatment delays chlorophyll degradation in postharvest okras by modulating ethylene, IAA, and brassinosteroid pathways

2025-06-13

Qingqing Lan , Renan Pan , Wei Chen +5 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Revealing programmed cell death events during flower (petal) senescence

2025-06-13

Elena T. Iakimova , Ernst J. Woltering | Annals of Botany

Abstract Background Flower petals serve to attract pollinators and inherently have a short life span. The senescence of these plant parts is programmed in the flower’s developmental plan. Also at … Abstract Background Flower petals serve to attract pollinators and inherently have a short life span. The senescence of these plant parts is programmed in the flower’s developmental plan. Also at the cellular level, petal cell death is highly programmed going through a number of different phases that culminate in cellular suicide (programmed cell death - PCD). The signalling, biochemical, molecular and gene determinants involved in the regulation of PCD and the morphological characteristics of the process in flower petals have to some extent been described. Still important issues of theoretical and practical significance related to PCD functioning and its contribution to petal deterioration remain unsolved. Scope This review discusses the occurrence and role of PCD in petal senescence in models of ornamental plants. For comparison, the distinctive and common features of plant and animal PCD types are outlined. The two major plant cell death categories - vacuolar (V) PCD, reminiscent to animal autophagic PCD and apoptosis-like (AL) PCD, sharing features with animal apoptosis - and their ontribution to petal senescence are discussed. Conclusions The findings indicate that cellular PCD is tightly connected to petal senescence and support the view that senescence is a specific form of developmental PCD (senescence/PCD), dominated by large scale autophagy and eventual breakdown of the vacuole membrane. Depending on the measured PCD markers, petal cell death is often characterized being either V-PCD or AL-PCD. However, alongside the ongoing V-PCD, in early or late stages of senescence, often AL-PCD-associated features are observed. This indicates that, in senescing petal cells, both PCD pathways operate in parallel and are presumably interconnected. The specific conditions may determine their relative contribution to cell death. The cell death cascade may, in general, start earlier in parenchyma than in epidermal cells. In a fully open, visibly non-senescent flower, a large part of the mesophyll cells may already have died or even disappeared, indicating that petal senescence is well on its way and cannot be reversed. Petal abscission may occur in both non-senescent and senescent petals and its regulation seems independent from petal PCD.

Texture and volatile profiling of four modern apple cultivars stored using ultra-low oxygen, 1-MCP and dynamic controlled atmosphere strategies

2025-06-13

Paul Khalifeh , N. Sadar , Alessia Panarese +4 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

CitSAR-mediated coordination of sucrose and citrate metabolism in citrus fruits

2025-06-06

Shengchao Liu , Yinchun Li , Yi-jing Fan +5 more | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Abstract Soluble sugars and organic acids are the primary determinants of flavor quality and consumer appeal in fruits. In citrus, sucrose and citric acid dominate the sugar and acid profiles, … Abstract Soluble sugars and organic acids are the primary determinants of flavor quality and consumer appeal in fruits. In citrus, sucrose and citric acid dominate the sugar and acid profiles, directly influencing sensory attributes and market preference. Here, we identified the sugar and acid regulator (CitSAR) through transcriptome analysis by investigating sugar and acid levels at the fruit development stage of two mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars: ‘Ponkan’ (PK), and a bud sport mutant of PK (mPK) that exhibits a higher sugar and lower acid profile. Functional characterization revealed that CitSAR orchestrates a hierarchical transcriptional network governing sucrose and citrate metabolism, as demonstrated by overexpression assays in citrus callus and tomato. Mechanistic studies using dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed that CitSAR binds directly to the GCC-box in the promoters of CitSPS4 and CitGAD4, activating their expression. Our findings corroborate the important role of CitSAR in modulating sucrose and citrate homeostasis and provide a molecular framework for enhancing citrus sensory quality.

Ethylene-releasing plant growth regulators promote ripening initiation by stimulating sugar, acid and anthocyanin metabolism in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei)

2025-06-05

Tej P. Acharya , Savithri U. Nambeesan | BMC Plant Biology

The triggering mechanism for predominant hormonal signal production in fleshy fruit ripening

2025-06-05

Jinyao Ouyang , Bing He , Yachao Zeng +5 more | Molecular Horticulture

Abstract Fleshy Fruit (FF) ripening is regulated by multiple hormones, which can be categorized into two groups, i.e., the positive signals acting to promote FF ripening and the negative signals … Abstract Fleshy Fruit (FF) ripening is regulated by multiple hormones, which can be categorized into two groups, i.e., the positive signals acting to promote FF ripening and the negative signals acting to suppress FF ripening. Ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two predominant positive signals respectively controlling climacteric (CL) and non-climacteric (NC) FF ripening, whereas auxin (IAA) is the predominant negative signal controlling both FF growth and ripening. Functioning of these hormones is initiated by an alteration of the hormonal levels, which is referred to as the process of Hormonal Signal Production (HSP) in FF development and ripening. While the hormonal regulation of FF ripening has been extensively studied and reviewed, knowledge of HSP has never been summarized and discussed. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the triggering mechanism of HSP. We first summarize the physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of HSP for three crucial hormones, ET, ABA, and IAA, including hormonal metabolism, transport and reciprocal regulation of HSP among different hormones, we then summarize and discuss the recent discoveries on the mechanism of cellular signal transduction of HSP. Finally, we propose several viewpoints to facilitate comprehension of the future research endeavors.

Distinct post-harvest deterioration pathways caused by light vs dark storage of fresh-cut lettuce packed in modified atmosphere.

2025-06-05

Priscille Steensma , Fanny Widjaja , Sitaram Rajaraman +6 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

Elevated gaseous ozone concentrations: adverse effects on postharvest peach quality

2025-06-04

Orestis Giannopoulos , Ramsey Corn , Camille McAvoy +3 more | CyTA - Journal of Food

Mechanism of vacuum packaging regulating postharvest quality of Mopan persimmon

2025-06-03

Jing Yu , Jinhua Zuo , Yunxiang Wang +7 more | Food Quality and Safety

Abstract Vacuum packaging (VAC) is a promising postharvest technology for removal of astringency in persimmons. VAC treatment increased the loss of astringency in ‘Mopan’ persimmon while maintaining firmness and sensory … Abstract Vacuum packaging (VAC) is a promising postharvest technology for removal of astringency in persimmons. VAC treatment increased the loss of astringency in ‘Mopan’ persimmon while maintaining firmness and sensory quality over an 8-d storage period. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the effects of VAC on the metabolism of the fruit. Downregulation of genes involved in the proanthocyanidin (PA) synthesis pathway, as well as transport-related genes such as glutathione S-transferases L3-like (GSTs L3-like) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member-like (ABCG), was associated with astringency in VAC-treated fruit. Increased acetaldehyde that would occur as a result of the upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), would bind with PA and facilitate deastringency. Upregulation of ethylene responsive factors (ERF22, ERF21, ERF18, ERF17, ERF12, and ERF10) in ethylene signal transduction may also contribute to the activation of ADH and PDC genes, which would further facilitate deastringency. Downregulation of genes related to cell wall dissociation was associated with slower fruit softening. Expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging-related genes was upregulated in VAC-treated fruit. Genes associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways had different expression patterns, resulting in lower abscisic acid content and delayed fruit ripening under VAC conditions. A series of genes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway were inhibited by VAC. Metabolomic analyses revealed increased contents of flavor amino acids, which would enhance sweet and umami taste while reducing the levels of malic acid, tartaric acid (contributing to sourness), and ʟ-arginine (associated with bitterness).

Synergistic effects of 1-MCP and H₂S co-treatment on sugar and energy metabolisms in postharvest strawberry fruit

2025-06-02

Xingyue Wang , Tian Qiu , Jingjing Jiang +7 more | Frontiers in Nutrition

1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play important roles in the ripening and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. However, little knowledge was available for the effect of the combined … 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play important roles in the ripening and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. However, little knowledge was available for the effect of the combined treatment of 1-MCP and H2S on the quality maintenance of postharvest strawberry fruit. The synergistic effects of 1.0 μL L-1 1-MCP and 0.8 mmol L-1 sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) combined treatment on the sugar and energy metabolisms of strawberry fruit during cold storage at 4 ± 0.5°C with a relative humidity of 80-85% for 15 d were studied. The results showed that the combined treatment effectively suppressed the increase of decay rate, decay index, and weight loss rate while maintaining the firmness and visual quality of strawberry fruit compared to the 1-MCP or H2S treatment. Moreover, the combined treatment maintained higher sucrose content and lower contents of glucose and fructose by inhibiting the activities of acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI), while enhancing the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Meanwhile, strawberry fruit treated with the combination elevated ATP levels and energy charge by upregulating key enzymes in energy metabolism, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), H+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and Ca2+-ATPase. These results indicated that 1-MCP and H₂S acted synergistically to regulate sugar catabolism and energy homeostasis, promoting elevated sucrose accumulation and mitochondrial energy production, thereby maintaining the integrity of cell structure and the quality of strawberry fruit.