Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics

Climate Change Policy and Economics

Works Count: 99261

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the economic implications of climate change policies, including the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, energy transition, and mitigation strategies. It explores various policy instruments such as carbon pricing and examines the socioeconomic pathways related to climate change. The research also delves into the potential global warming effects and the assessment of different environmental policies.

Keywords

Climate Change; Economic Impacts; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Policy Instruments; Carbon Pricing; Socioeconomic Pathways; Energy Transition; Global Warming; Mitigation Strategies; Environmental Policy

The "Stern Review" on the Economics of Climate Change

2006-12-01

William D. Nordhaus

How much and how fast should the globe reduce greenhouse-gas emissions?How should nations balance the costs of the reductions against the damages and dangers of climate change?This question has been … How much and how fast should the globe reduce greenhouse-gas emissions?How should nations balance the costs of the reductions against the damages and dangers of climate change?This question has been addressed by the recent "Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change," which answers these questions clearly and unambiguously.We need urgent, sharp, and immediate reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions.An analysis of the "Stern Review" finds that these recommendations depend decisively on the assumption of a near-zero social discount rate.The Review's unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of discounting assumptions that are consistent with today's market place.

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Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis

2002-01-01

Richard N. Cooper , J. T. Houghton , James J. McCarthy +1 more

Summary for policymakers Technical summary 1. The climate system - an overview 2. Observed climate variability and change 3. The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2 4. Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse … Summary for policymakers Technical summary 1. The climate system - an overview 2. Observed climate variability and change 3. The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2 4. Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases 5. Aerosols, their direct and indirect effects 6. Radiative forcing of climate change 7. Physical climate processes and feedbacks 8. Model evaluation 9. Projections of future climate change 10. Regional climate simulation - evaluation and projections 11. Changes in sea level 12. Detection of climate change and attribution of causes 13. Climate scenario development 14. Advancing our understanding Glossary Index Appendix.

Special report on emissions scenarios : a special report of Working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2000-10-03

Nebojša Nakićenović , Joseph Alcamo , Ged Davis +7 more

IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Contents: Foreword Preface Summary for policymakers Technical Summary Chapter 1: Background and Overview Chapter 2: An Overview of the Scenario Literature Chapter 3: Scenario … IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Contents: Foreword Preface Summary for policymakers Technical Summary Chapter 1: Background and Overview Chapter 2: An Overview of the Scenario Literature Chapter 3: Scenario Driving Forces Chapter 4: An Overview of Scenarios Chapter 5: Emission Scenarios Chapter 6: Summary Discussions and Recommendations

Managing the global commons: the economics of climate change

1995-07-01

William D. Nordhaus

Part 1 Modelling the economics of climate change: the structure and derivation of the DICE model macrogeophysics - derivation oof the climate and carbon-cycle equations geoeconomics - energy, emissions and … Part 1 Modelling the economics of climate change: the structure and derivation of the DICE model macrogeophysics - derivation oof the climate and carbon-cycle equations geoeconomics - energy, emissions and the economic impact of climate change. Part 2 Model results: analysis of policies to slow global warming. Part 3 Risk and uncertainty in policy toward climate change: sensitivity analysis of the DICE model formal sensitivity analysis - estimation of uncertainty in climate change decision analysis and the value of information.

A new scenario framework for climate change research: the concept of shared socioeconomic pathways

2013-10-14

Brian C. O’Neill , Elmar Kriegler , Keywan Riahi +5 more

The new scenario framework for climate change research envisions combining pathways of future radiative forcing and their associated climate changes with alternative pathways of socioeconomic development in order to carry … The new scenario framework for climate change research envisions combining pathways of future radiative forcing and their associated climate changes with alternative pathways of socioeconomic development in order to carry out research on climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Here we propose a conceptual framework for how to define and develop a set of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for use within the scenario framework. We define SSPs as reference pathways describing plausible alternative trends in the evolution of society and ecosystems over a century timescale, in the absence of climate change or climate policies. We introduce the concept of a space of challenges to adaptation and to mitigation that should be spanned by the SSPs, and discuss how particular trends in social, economic, and environmental development could be combined to produce such outcomes. A comparison to the narratives from the scenarios developed in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) illustrates how a starting point for developing SSPs can be defined. We suggest initial development of a set of basic SSPs that could then be extended to meet more specific purposes, and envision a process of application of basic and extended SSPs that would be iterative and potentially lead to modification of the original SSPs themselves.

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A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

2007-07-01

William D. Nordhaus

How much and how fast should we react to the threat of global warming? The Stern Review argues that the damages from climate change are large, and that nations should … How much and how fast should we react to the threat of global warming? The Stern Review argues that the damages from climate change are large, and that nations should undertake sharp and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. An examination of the Review's radical revision of the economics of climate change finds, however, that it depends decisively on the assumption of a near-zero time discount rate combined with a specific utility function. The Review's unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of assumptions that are consistent with today's marketplace real interest rates and savings rates.

Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change

2012-05-22

Kelly Levin , Benjamin Cashore , Steven Bernstein +1 more

The Competitive Exclusion Principle

1960-04-29

Garrett Hardin

RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions

2011-08-12

Keywan Riahi , Shilpa Rao , Volker Krey +6 more

This paper summarizes the main characteristics of the RCP8.5 scenario. The RCP8.5 combines assumptions about high population and relatively slow income growth with modest rates of technological change and energy … This paper summarizes the main characteristics of the RCP8.5 scenario. The RCP8.5 combines assumptions about high population and relatively slow income growth with modest rates of technological change and energy intensity improvements, leading in the long term to high energy demand and GHG emissions in absence of climate change policies. Compared to the total set of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP8.5 thus corresponds to the pathway with the highest greenhouse gas emissions. Using the IIASA Integrated Assessment Framework and the MESSAGE model for the development of the RCP8.5, we focus in this paper on two important extensions compared to earlier scenarios: 1) the development of spatially explicit air pollution projections, and 2) enhancements in the land-use and land-cover change projections. In addition, we explore scenario variants that use RCP8.5 as a baseline, and assume different degrees of greenhouse gas mitigation policies to reduce radiative forcing. Based on our modeling framework, we find it technically possible to limit forcing from RCP8.5 to lower levels comparable to the other RCPs (2.6 to 6 W/m2). Our scenario analysis further indicates that climate policy-induced changes of global energy supply and demand may lead to significant co-benefits for other policy priorities, such as local air pollution.

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Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs

1972-12-01

W. David Montgomery

Environmental Repercussions And The Economic Structure: An Input-Output Approach

2018-01-12

Wassily Leontief

POLLUTION is a by-product of regular economic activities. In each of its many forms it is related in a measurable way to some particular consumption or production process: The quantity … POLLUTION is a by-product of regular economic activities. In each of its many forms it is related in a measurable way to some particular consumption or production process: The quantity of carbon monoxide released in the air bears, for example, a definite relationship to the amount of fuel burned by various types of automotive engines; the discharge of polluted water into our streams and lakes is linked directly to the level of output of the steel, the paper, the textile and all the other water-using industries and its amount depends, in each instance, on the technological characteristics of the particular industry.

Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process

1978-10-01

Benjamin Klein , Robert Crawford , Armen A. Alchian

The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment

2010-02-01

Richard H. Moss , Jae Edmonds , Kathy Hibbard +7 more

Potential impact of climate change on world food supply

1994-01-01

Cynthia Rosenzweig , Martin L. Parry

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From Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals

2012-06-01

Jeffrey D. Sachs

Successful adaptation to climate change across scales

2005-04-11

W. Neil Adger , Nigel W. Arnell , Emma L. Tompkins

Vertical Integration and Antitrust Policy

1950-08-01

Joseph J. Spengler

Environmental Preservation, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility

1974-05-01

Kenneth J. Arrow , Anthony C. Fisher

A number of recent contributions by economists have provided a clear insight into the causes of the varied forms of environmental deterioration, and have also suggested, implicitly or explicitly, policies … A number of recent contributions by economists have provided a clear insight into the causes of the varied forms of environmental deterioration, and have also suggested, implicitly or explicitly, policies for more efficient management of environmental as well as other resources.1 Yet, as Allen Kneese has pointed out in a review of empirical studies of pollution damages, “a general shortcoming of [these studies] has been that they have treated a stochastic or probabilistic phenomenon as being deterministic.”2 The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of uncertainty surrounding estimates of the environmental costs of some economic activities. It is shown in particular that the existence of uncertainty will, in certain important cases, lead to a reduction in net benefits from an activity with environmental costs. In such cases the implication for an efficient control policy will generally involve some restriction of the activity.

The Economics of Climate Change

2010-08-26

Nicholas Stern

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are externalities and represent the biggest market failure the world has seen. We all produce emissions, people around the world are already suffering from past emissions, … Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are externalities and represent the biggest market failure the world has seen. We all produce emissions, people around the world are already suffering from past emissions, and current emissions will have potentially catastrophic impacts in the future. Thus, these emissions are not ordinary, localized externalities. Risk on a global scale is at the core of the issue. These basic features of the problem must shape the economic analysis we bring to bear; failure to do this will produce, and has produced, approaches to policy that are profoundly misleading and indeed dangerous. The purpose of this chapter is to set out what I think is an appropriate way to examine the economics of climate change, given the unique scientific and economic challenges posed, and to suggest implications for emissions targets, policy instruments, and global action. The subject is complex and very wide-ranging. It is a subject of vital importance but one in which the economics is fairly young. A central challenge is to provide the economic tools necessary as quickly as possible, because policy decisions are both urgent and moving quickly—particularly following the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings in Bali in December 2007. The relevant decisions can be greatly improved if we bring the best economic analyses and judgments to the table in real time. A brief description of the scientific processes linking climate change to GHG emissions will help us to understand how they should shape the economic analysis. First, people, through their consumption and production decisions, emit GHGs. Carbon dioxide is especially important, accounting for around three-quarters of the human-generated global-warming effect; other relevant GHGs include methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Second, these flows accumulate into stocks of GHGs in the atmosphere. It is overall stocks of GHGs that matter and not their place of origin. The rate at which stock accumulation occurs depends on the “carbon cycle,” including the earth’s absorptive capabilities and other feedback effects. Third, the stock of GHGs in the atmosphere traps heat and results in global warming; how much depends on “climate sensitivity.”

On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change

2009-01-28

Martin L. Weitzman

With climate change as prototype example, this paper analyzes the implications of structural uncertainty for the economics of low-probability, high-impact catastrophes. Even when updated by Bayesian learning, uncertain structural parameters … With climate change as prototype example, this paper analyzes the implications of structural uncertainty for the economics of low-probability, high-impact catastrophes. Even when updated by Bayesian learning, uncertain structural parameters induce a critical “tail fattening” of posterior-predictive distributions. Such fattened tails have strong implications for situations, like climate change, where a catastrophe is theoretically possible because prior knowledge cannot place sufficiently narrow bounds on overall damages. This paper shows that the economic consequences of fat-tailed structural uncertainty (along with unsureness about high-temperature damages) can readily outweigh the effects of discounting in climate-change policy analysis.

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A tale of two market failures: Technology and environmental policy

2005-03-11

Adam B. Jaffe , Richard G. Newell , Robert N. Stavins

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Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy

1986-10-01

Jay B. Barney

Much of the current thinking about competitive strategy focuses on ways that firms can create imperfectly competitive product markets in order to obtain greater than normal economic performance. However, the … Much of the current thinking about competitive strategy focuses on ways that firms can create imperfectly competitive product markets in order to obtain greater than normal economic performance. However, the economic performance of firms does not depend simply on whether or not its strategies create such markets, but also on the cost of implementing those strategies. Clearly, if the cost of strategy implementation is greater than returns obtained from creating an imperfectly competitive product market, then firms will not obtain above normal economic performance from their strategizing efforts. To help analyze the cost of implementing strategies, we introduce the concept of a strategic factor market, i.e., a market where the resources necessary to implement a strategy are acquired. If strategic factor markets are perfect, then the cost of acquiring strategic resources will approximately equal the economic value of those resources once they are used to implement product market strategies. Even if such strategies create imperfectly competitive product markets, they will not generate above normal economic performance for a firm, for their full value would have been anticipated when the resources necessary for implementation were acquired. However, strategic factor markets will be imperfectly competitive when different firms have different expectations about the future value of a strategic resource. In these settings, firms may obtain above normal economic performance from acquiring strategic resources and implementing strategies. We show that other apparent strategic factor market imperfections, including when a firm already controls all the resources needed to implement a strategy, when a firm controls unique resources, when only a small number of firms attempt to implement a strategy, and when some firms have access to lower cost capital than others, and so on, are all special cases of differences in expectations held by firms about the future value of a strategic resource. Firms can attempt to develop better expectations about the future value of strategic resources by analyzing their competitive environments or by analyzing skills and capabilities they already control. Environmental analysis cannot be expected to improve the expectations of some firms better than others, and thus cannot be a source of more accurate expectations about the future value of a strategic resource. However, analyzing a firm’s skills and capabilities can be a source of more accurate expectations. Thus, from the point of view of firms seeking greater than normal economic performance, our analysis suggests that strategic choices should flow mainly from the analysis of its unique skills and capabilities, rather than from the analysis of its competitive environment.

Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements

1994-10-01

Scott Barrett

Journal Article Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements Get access Scott Barrett Scott Barrett Faculty of Economics, London Business School , Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4SACentre for Social and Economic … Journal Article Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements Get access Scott Barrett Scott Barrett Faculty of Economics, London Business School , Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4SACentre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 46, Issue Supplement_1, October 1994, Pages 878–894, https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/46.Supplement_1.878 Published: 01 October 1994

Trade, Growth, and the Environment

2004-03-01

Brian R. Copeland , M. Scott Taylor

For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade.The debate was originally fueled by negotiations … For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade.The debate was originally fueled by negotiations over the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations, both of which occurred at a time when concerns over global warming, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising.Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and proposals for future rounds of trade negotiations.The debate has often been unproductive.It has been hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence.The purpose of this essay is set out what we currently know about the environmental consequences of economic growth and international trade.We critically review both theory and empirical work to answer three basic questions.What do we know about the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment?How can this evidence help us evaluate ongoing policy debates?Where do we go from here?

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Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO 2 emissions

2007-05-23

Michael Raupach , Gregg Marland , Philippe Ciais +4 more

With advancements in stem cell technology, in vitro models using iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) and engineered heart tissues (EHT) can serve as powerful tools for disease modeling … With advancements in stem cell technology, in vitro models using iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) and engineered heart tissues (EHT) can serve as powerful tools for disease modeling and drug screening. ...Fluorescent reporters of cardiac electrophysiology provide valuable information on heart cell and tissue function. However, motion artifacts caused by cardiac muscle contraction interfere with accurate measurement of fluorescence signals. Although drugs ...

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Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment

1991-05-01

Kathleen Segerson , David Pearce , R. Kerry Turner

This comprehensive and popular textbook is a core text for undergraduate students of environmental economics, and also appeals to geographers and environmentalists. The book deals fully with the orthodox theorems … This comprehensive and popular textbook is a core text for undergraduate students of environmental economics, and also appeals to geographers and environmentalists. The book deals fully with the orthodox theorems of the economics of pollution and optimal depletion rates for natural resources.

Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm?

1995-11-01

Karen Palmer , Wallace E. Oates , Paul R. Portney

This paper takes issue with the Porter-van der Linde claim that traditional benefit-cost analysis is a fundamental misrepresentation of the environmental problem. They contend that stringent environmental measures induce innovative … This paper takes issue with the Porter-van der Linde claim that traditional benefit-cost analysis is a fundamental misrepresentation of the environmental problem. They contend that stringent environmental measures induce innovative efforts leading to improvements in abatement and production technologies that offset the costs of the regulations. Drawing both on basic economic theory and existing data on control costs, the authors argue that such offsets are special cases. The data indicate offsets are minuscule relative to control costs. There is no free lunch here: environmental programs must justify their costs by the benefits that improved environmental quality provides to society.

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Global non-linear effect of temperature on economic production

2015-10-20

Marshall Burke , Solomon Hsiang , Edward Miguel

Managing nitrogen for sustainable development

2015-11-23

Xin Zhang , Eric A. Davidson , Denise L. Mauzerall +3 more

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The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview

2016-09-13

Keywan Riahi , Detlef P. van Vuuren , Elmar Kriegler +7 more

This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by … This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400–1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO2 emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO2 to more than 120 GtCO2 per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6 W/m2 that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2 °C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6).

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Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °C

2016-06-29

Joeri Rogelj , Michel den Elzen , Niklas Höhne +7 more

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Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

2014-01-01

Camille Parmesan , Michael D. Morecroft , Yongyut Trisurat

This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including … This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.

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The Theory of Environmental Policy

1976-05-01

Thomas D. Crocker , Alan Randall , William J. Baumöl +1 more

In this book, Professors Baumol and Oates provide a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the economic theory of environmental policy. They present a formal, theoretical treatment of those factors influencing … In this book, Professors Baumol and Oates provide a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the economic theory of environmental policy. They present a formal, theoretical treatment of those factors influencing the quality of life. By covering both the theory of externalities and its application to environmental policy, the authors have retained the basic structure and organization of the first edition, which has become a standard reference in the field. In this edition, however, they have updated their analysis to incorporate recent research in environmental economics.

The Regime Complex for Climate Change

2011-03-01

Robert O. Keohane , David G. Victor

There is no integrated regime governing efforts to limit the extent of climate change. Instead, there is a regime complex: a loosely-coupled set of specific regimes. We describe the regime … There is no integrated regime governing efforts to limit the extent of climate change. Instead, there is a regime complex: a loosely-coupled set of specific regimes. We describe the regime complex for climate change and seek to explain it, using interest-based, functional, and organizational arguments. This institutional form is likely to persist; efforts to build a comprehensive regime are unlikely to succeed, but experiments abound with narrower institutions focused on particular aspects of the climate change problem. Building on this analysis, we argue that a climate change regime complex, if it meets specified criteria, has advantages over any politically feasible comprehensive regime. Adaptability and flexibility are particularly important in a setting—such as climate change policy—in which the most demanding international commitments are interdependent yet governments vary widely in their interest and ability to implement them. Yet in view of the serious political constraints, both domestic and international, there is little reason for optimism that the climate regime complex that is emerging will lead to reductions in emissions rapid enough to meet widely discussed goals, such as stopping global warming at two degrees above pre-industrial levels.

Dynamic panel data models: a guide to micro data methods and practice

2002-08-01

Stephen R. Bond

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The Environment and Directed Technical Change

2012-02-01

Daron Acemoğlu , Philippe Aghion , Leonardo Bursztyn +1 more

This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. The final good is produced from “dirty” and “clean” inputs. We show that: (i) when … This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. The final good is produced from “dirty” and “clean” inputs. We show that: (i) when inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable growth can be achieved with temporary taxes/subsidies that redirect innovation toward clean inputs; (ii) optimal policy involves both “carbon taxes” and research subsidies, avoiding excessive use of carbon taxes; (iii) delay in intervention is costly, as it later necessitates a longer transition phase with slow growth; and (iv) use of an exhaustible resource in dirty input production helps the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire. (JEL O33, O44, Q30, Q54, Q56, Q58)

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Environmental Repercussions and the Economic Structure: An Input-Output Approach

1970-08-01

Wassily Leontief

Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change

2015-01-26

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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The Economics of Climate Change

2008-04-01

Nicholas Stern

Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment

1989-01-01

David Pearce

Circular Economy Innovation-Renewable Energy-Green Growth Nexus under Carbon Neutrality Targets: New Insights from Europe

2025-06-25

Abubakr Abdalla Suliman Eltayeb | International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

Climate change and global warming are the major problems irking the world community. Carbon emissions, released during economic activities, are considered the major drivers of environmental issues. Green growth is … Climate change and global warming are the major problems irking the world community. Carbon emissions, released during economic activities, are considered the major drivers of environmental issues. Green growth is widely believed to be the panacea to environmental and economic problems because it helps separate carbon emissions and economic growth. Consequently, empirics have started to investigate the determinants of green growth. The circular economy practices help increase the lifespan of goods and services, which is vital in achieving environmental and economic goals. Nevertheless, the role of the circular economy in achieving green growth has never been estimated before. This gap in the current literature induces us to investigate the impact of circular economy innovation and renewable energy on green growth in Europe. The empirical analysis is conducted by employing 2SLS and GMM approaches. The findings observe a favorable influence of circular economy innovation and renewable energy on European green growth. In addition, logistic performance, ICT, government spending, financial development, and trade openness also promote green growth. These outcomes suggest policymakers should focus on the innovation of a circular economy and renewable energy to promote green growth.

The Role of Productive Capacity Pillars in CO2 Emissions: How does their Interaction Matter in the MENA Region?

2025-06-25

Daghbagi Hamrouni , Imen Ouerghi , Radhouane Hasni | International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

Analysis of productive capacity is essential for inclusive and sustainable growth and can influence environmental quality. This is particularly relevant for the MENA region, characterized by high fossil fuel dependence … Analysis of productive capacity is essential for inclusive and sustainable growth and can influence environmental quality. This is particularly relevant for the MENA region, characterized by high fossil fuel dependence and climate vulnerability. This study fills a gap by analyzing the direct effects and interactions of the three productive capacity pillars on CO₂ emissions in MENA. It examines the impact of natural capital (NC), information and communication technology (ICT), and institutional quality (IQ) on CO₂ emissions (2000–2021) using the ARDL-PMG model and causality analysis. Control variables include GDP, renewable, and non-renewable energy consumption. Results show that ICT and IQ reduce emissions, but their interaction with NC increases them due to oil dependence. However, ICT-IQ interaction offers potential for emission reduction. GDP growth and non-renewable energy increase emissions, while underdeveloped renewable energy helps reduce them. Our findings provide insights for policymakers to enhance productive capacity while promoting sustainable development.

Novel Findings from New Estimation between Green Monetary Policy and Environmental Sustainability in Europe: Does Institutional Quality Matter?

2025-06-25

Pham Thi Anh Nguyet | International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

We expand the previous study on the link between green monetary policy index (GMP) and environmental sustainability (ES) by empirically examining the moderating role of institutional quality. Various econometric approaches … We expand the previous study on the link between green monetary policy index (GMP) and environmental sustainability (ES) by empirically examining the moderating role of institutional quality. Various econometric approaches were employed in the data set of 17 European Union (EU) member nations from 2001 to 2022. As in previous studies, our estimation results demonstrate that promoting green monetary policies can increase overall environmental performance (EPI). Additionally, promoting specific policies such as GMP_Credit_Operations, GMP_Foreign_Asset_Purchases, and GMP_Domestic_Asset_Purchases can also increase one of the three environmental performance aspects. To further discuss the role of GMP, we reveal the impacts of green monetary policies on three dimensions of ES over different time horizons. The results show that GMP has a positive impact, making ES more likely to persist in the long term. Finally, we analyze the interaction between variables representing institutional quality and the impact of GMP on ES. According to our results, nations with well-developed institutional structures may have a greater favourable impact on green monetary strategies.

Practical Applications of Green Dilution: How ESG Scores Conflict with Climate Investing

2025-06-24

Noël Amenc , Felix Goltz , Antoine Naly | Practical Applications

Private Governance in Climate Mitigation: A Global Comparison of Corporate Participation in Voluntary Carbon Markets

2025-06-24

Mengying Xie , Ling Chen | Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice

Internal Carbon Pricing in the Multidivisional Firm

2025-06-24

Manon Desjardins , Bernard Sinclair‐Desgagné | Environmental and Resource Economics

Low-Carbon Development Pathways in Developing Asia: Evidence from Modeling Scenarios

2025-06-24

Manisha Pradhananga , David Raitzer , Iva Sebastian-Samaniego +1 more | Asian Development Review

Asia’s development trajectory has important implications for achieving the globally agreed climate goal of limiting global warming to well below [Formula: see text]C. The Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental … Asia’s development trajectory has important implications for achieving the globally agreed climate goal of limiting global warming to well below [Formula: see text]C. The Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change incorporated an ambitious effort to compile and compare thousands of model–scenario combinations from integrated assessment models. This paper explores the evidence within that database to consider low-carbon development pathways for developing economies in Asia and the Pacific. Overall, a comparison of the major models shows that strong consistency in the transformation of the energy sector is required to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. This includes a rapid decline in the share of coal—a mainstay of the power sector in developing Asia—and a substantial rise in renewable energy. The cost of the transition can be relatively low if mitigation policies are efficient, as assumed in the models.

Global carbon footprints: a detailed look at affluence and technology effects

2025-06-24

Viktoras Kulionis , Erik Dietzenbacher | Environmental Research Communications

Abstract Global efforts are needed to reduce CO2 emissions and guarantee a safe climate system that supports global sustainable development and wellbeing. Understanding drivers of global CO2 emissions is of … Abstract Global efforts are needed to reduce CO2 emissions and guarantee a safe climate system that supports global sustainable development and wellbeing. Understanding drivers of global CO2 emissions is of great importance as the world strives to achieve global climate mitigation goals. Using structural decomposition analysis (SDA) we identify the key drivers behind changes in global and regional CO2 emissions from 2000 to 2014. We find that growth in global CO2 (+10.8 GtCO2) emissions was driven by increasing affluence (+14.3GtCO2) which outpaced the downward influence of changes in technology (-9.2GtCO2). The affluence effect was predominantly driven by capital investments in developing and emerging economies. In high income regions, technological improvements were strong enough to offset the positive pressures from increasing affluence and population.

Comparative Asymptotic Analysis of Economic Modeling Techniques Under Tariff Perturbations: Demonstrating the Superiority of Delayed Differential Equations (DDEs)

2025-06-23

Hemendra Pal | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Economic modeling plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of policy shifts, such as tariff perturbations, on national and global economies. This paper provides a comparative analysis of … <title>Abstract</title> Economic modeling plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of policy shifts, such as tariff perturbations, on national and global economies. This paper provides a comparative analysis of four prevalent modeling techniques-Laplace Transform, Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), and Delayed Differential Equations (DDEs). The paper demonstrates that while traditional models like ODEs and PDEs are useful in certain contexts, DDEs are superior for modeling economic systems with time delays and feedback mechanisms, which are inherent in many real-world scenarios, particularly when assessing the effects of tariff changes.

Beating the status quo: Thailand’s energy governance and decarbonization strategies towards carbon neutrality

2025-06-23

Xiaolong Zou , Anunyarak Utaipipattanakul | South East Asia Research

Environmental Taxes and Sustainable Development in the EU: A Decade of Data-Driven Insights

2025-06-23

Branimir Kalaš , Vera Mirović , Dragana Bolesnikov +2 more | Systems

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between environmental tax revenue and economic development in the European Union from 2013 to 2022. The findings reveal that these taxes significantly contribute to … This study investigates the dynamic relationship between environmental tax revenue and economic development in the European Union from 2013 to 2022. The findings reveal that these taxes significantly contribute to economic development in the long run, although short-run effects vary by tax type and country. The PMG model results indicate that energy tax revenues increase GDP per capita by 0.038, transport tax revenues by 0.041, and resource tax revenues by 0.018, all of which are statistically significant. Pollution tax revenues have an effect of 0.002 in the long run but are not statistically significant. In the short run, none of the tax variables show significant effects, although pollution tax revenues have a transitional impact of 0.196. The error correction term of −1.321 confirms a strong long-run adjustment, reinforcing the gradual economic benefits of environmental taxation. The results underscore the importance of resource and pollution taxes, which exhibit robust positive impacts, particularly in resource-rich and pollution-intensive economies. Energy and transport taxes also influence economic performance; however, their effectiveness depends on the structural and sectoral differences among countries. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers by highlighting the necessity of designing tailored environmental taxation policies that align with national conditions and long-term sustainability goals. Additionally, this study adopts a systems thinking perspective to capture the interconnectedness between environmental fiscal instruments and macroeconomic sustainability, offering a holistic interpretation of policy impacts.

Transitioning to a sustainable economy: A preliminary degrowth macroeconomic model

2025-06-22

Eric Kemp‐Benedict | Ecological Economics

Carbon Tax with Individuals’ Heterogeneous Environmental Concerns

2025-06-21

Luca Spinesi | The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy

Abstract This study analyzes the effects of carbon taxation and environmental awareness on wage inequality and economic growth. The findings reveal that a stricter carbon tax positively correlates with wage … Abstract This study analyzes the effects of carbon taxation and environmental awareness on wage inequality and economic growth. The findings reveal that a stricter carbon tax positively correlates with wage inequality and growth. When R&D firms lack complete control over the magnitude of innovation leaps, a tighter carbon tax exacerbates wage inequality while fostering income growth and green innovation. When firms fully determine their innovation leap, a stricter carbon tax reduces wage inequality and slows GDP growth. Changes in the population’s environmental awareness generate different results. When R&D firms lack complete control over innovation leaps, greater ecological awareness increases wage inequality and GDP growth, but only if green products command a higher markup. When firms fully determine innovation leaps, rising ecological awareness induces a U-shaped effect on the skill premium and an inverted U-shaped effect on the share of unskilled workers, while consistently supporting per capita GDP growth.

Multi-agent collaborative diffusion of CCUS in China’s thermal power industry under green financial policies: A stochastic evolutionary game model

2025-06-20

Kai Guo , Changjie Zhan , Ming Niu +2 more | Energy Reports

Climate shocks and innovation persistence: evidence from extreme precipitation

2025-06-20

Xue Lei , Shaokun He | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

On optimal carbon tax in China: implications for net-zero emissions and development

2025-06-20

Mondher Bellalah , Chen Pan , Detao Zhang +1 more | Annals of Operations Research

Forest Management for Water Stress Mitigation under Climate Change: an Economy-Wide Approach

2025-06-20

Iban Ortuzar , Àngels Xabadia , J. Zabalza | Water Economics and Policy

Climate adaptation finance: From paper commitments to climate risk reduction

2025-06-19

Jasper Verschuur , Nicola Ranger , Jim W. Hall | Science

Science can help to target climate finance at better-quality adaptation Science can help to target climate finance at better-quality adaptation

Análisis de inestabilidad de Turing aplicado a un modelo analítico del ciclo global del carbono

2025-06-19

Myrian Sadith González Orellana , J Alvarenga | Portal de la Ciencia

En el estudio del sistema climático, diferentes resultados parten de la premisa que establece que en la atmósfera los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) están bien mezclados, algunos ejemplos son … En el estudio del sistema climático, diferentes resultados parten de la premisa que establece que en la atmósfera los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) están bien mezclados, algunos ejemplos son los escenarios de concentraciones de GEI para proyecciones futuras presentados por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático, en donde se asume esa concentración homogénea de los gases. En este trabajo se hace un análisis de estabilidad usando la técnica de patrones de Turing, para un modelo analítico del ciclo global del carbono a fin de determinar si se generan estructuras que concentren los gases en la atmósfera. Para realizar este análisis, primero se presenta la teoría de la inestabilidad de Turing. Después, se examina un modelo analítico simplificado del ciclo global del carbono. Luego, se afina y aplica el método de inestabilidad desarrollado para analizar la concentración de gases al modelo seleccionado. Para finalizar, se presentan algunos resultados encontrados con este estudio en el contexto del cambio climático. Como principal aporte de los hallazgos se destaca que no se ha encontrado evidencia que pruebe la no homogeneidad de GEI en la atmósfera.

Evolutionary dynamics of promoting green methanol industry based on public-private partnership cooperation: A case study in China

2025-06-19

Da Liu , Jiaying Wang , Raufdeen Rameezdeen +1 more | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Majorities genuinely support global redistributive and climate policies worldwide

2025-06-19

| Nature Human Behaviour

Sustainable portfolio optimization and sustainable taxation

2025-06-19

Ralf Korn , Ajla Nurkanović | European Actuarial Journal

Abstract We consider the optimal investment problem under sustainability requirements stated in [7], but solve it explicitly for the wider class of power utility functions. Further, we introduce a type … Abstract We consider the optimal investment problem under sustainability requirements stated in [7], but solve it explicitly for the wider class of power utility functions. Further, we introduce a type of equilibrium framework that consists of modifications of the market coefficients such that the unconstrained optimal portfolio process will already satisfy the sustainability constraint. We call this modification sustainable taxation as it indicates possible taxation activities by the state to steer investors towards sustainable assets.

Title: System integration in CCUS initiatives: Current considerations in North European countries

2025-06-19

Rikke Drustrup , Ivar Lyhne , Jesper Raakjær | International journal of greenhouse gas control

Economic assessment of the damage change on climate: Climate change and game theory

2025-06-19

Arpine Kyuregyan , Kristine Baghdasaryan | International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies

Climate change poses a very serious threat not only to the planet's population and biodiversity but also to the global economy, which is causing enormous economic damage. Therefore, the purpose … Climate change poses a very serious threat not only to the planet's population and biodiversity but also to the global economy, which is causing enormous economic damage. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze and assess the extent of the damage caused to the economy in the context of climate change, using various expert assessments as well as the method of game theory. Combining various expert assessments shows that climate change has a long-term negative impact on global economic growth, labor productivity, and mass migration. The article analyzes several forecasting models. The results show that the planet is dangerously close to a turning point in climate change, and the models' consensus is that they agree that the economic damage from warming to 2°C will be negligible, but a 4°C warming would be disastrous for the economy. Additionally, the issue of achieving global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was presented in game theory. The results show that the players did not choose the Nash equilibrium point but decided to what extent they would reduce their emissions.

Challenges to expanding EV adoption and policy responses

2025-06-19

Christopher R. Knittel , Shinsuke Tanaka | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

The Role of Carbon Removal in Ratcheting India’s Net-Zero Goal

2025-06-18

Ayomide Titus Ogungbemi , Mustafa Dagbasi | Sustainability

India’s revised nationally determined contribution at COP26 set a net-zero target for 2070, but the role of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in achieving this goal remains unclear. This study quantifies … India’s revised nationally determined contribution at COP26 set a net-zero target for 2070, but the role of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in achieving this goal remains unclear. This study quantifies the contribution of land-based CDR—bioenergy carbon capture and storage, biochar, and afforestation—in achieving India’s net-zero goal. Additionally, a stylised scenario explores an accelerated net-zero target by 2050 in India`s climate target. The global emission target is modelled to follow India’s climate ambition in both stylised scenarios. The results show that the ambitious 2050 net-zero pathway requires 56 GtCO2 of cumulative novel CDR across the century, compared to 47 GtCO2 under the 2070 scenario, with both requiring around 1 GtCO2/year at net-zero. A higher ambitious pathway leads to increased economic costs, with a mid-century carbon price of USD 938, compared to USD 174 in the 2070 scenario. Without novel CDR methods, the cost of achieving net zero by 2050 quadruple. The accelerated 2050 net-zero pathway also intensifies land and water trade-offs, reducing land for crop production while increasing water demand for electricity and biomass. Despite these challenges, it limits end-of-century warming to 1.46 °C, compared to 1.79 °C under the 2070 scenario. These findings highlight the importance of clearly defined climate targets, scalable CDR strategies, and integrated resource management to balance climate ambition with sustainable development.

Depopulation and aging–challenges for Croatia's climate resilience

2025-06-18

Ana-Maria Boromisa | Frontiers in Sociology

Introduction Climate change and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies have significant socioeconomic implications. Conversely, socioeconomic developments shape the capacity to design and enforce climate policies, creating a feedback … Introduction Climate change and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies have significant socioeconomic implications. Conversely, socioeconomic developments shape the capacity to design and enforce climate policies, creating a feedback loop. This paper localizes the impact of Climate change in Croatia and explores the feedback between socio-economic development and climate change. The starting hypothesis is that limitations in human capital critically hinder climate-resilient development in Croatia. Methods The study uses climate data and literature to contextualize Croatia's climate vulnerability. A sector-specific analysis is conducted to identify key sectors for climate-resilient development based on their potential for emissions reduction, climate vulnerability, and current and potential economic importance. The current economic importance is evaluated based on contribution to GDP and employment, and key opportunities and obstacle for future growth are identified. Results Climate data and literature indicate that Croatia, a high-income EU member, is experiencing warming faster than the global average and ranks among the least climate-resilient high-income countries. A sector-specific analysis identifies the most critical sectors for Croatian climate-resilient development based on their emission reduction potential, climate vulnerability, and growth opportunities. Among these are sectors that contribute the most to GDP and employment—such as tourism, construction, and healthcare —which already suffer from significant labor shortages. The results indicate that a shrinking workforce is the key constraint for implementation of climate-resilient development. Discussion Significant improvements in labor productivity, higher participation rates, integration of foreign workers in the labor market, and efforts to address skills shortages are necessary. This presents a challenge, given increasing damages from extreme climate events, ongoing depopulation, a limited supply of a highly educated workforce, and low participation in lifelong learning. For climate-resilient development, it is essential to design policies that adequately address aging and depopulation –both of which limit economic growth and reduce capacity for climate adaptation. Conclusions Findings of the Croatian case offer insights for Mediterranean and island countries reliant on climate-sensitive sectors like tourism (e.g., Greece, Thailand). The high-income yet low-resilience paradox is relevant for regions such as Southern Europe, Australia, and California. EU membership highlights institutional misalignments between supranational climate agendas (e.g., the European Green Deal) and subnational demographic realities. These dynamics are relevant to aging societies (Japan, Germany) and post-industrial economies (Poland, Canada) navigating green transitions, emphasizing the need to integrate demographic strategies into climate governance.

The effect of capital markets and climate policy on low and high-carbon energy investment: Evidence from electric utilities

2025-06-18

C. Wilson , Gireesh Shrimali , Ben Caldecott | Energy Research & Social Science

Damage Costs of Nordic emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants and CO₂

2025-06-18

Stefan Åström , Krister Mars , Henrik Lindhjem +4 more | TemaNord

Corporate investment decisions amid climate risks: Relocate or stay?

2025-06-18

Yi‐Shuai Ren , Tony Klein , Jiang Yong | Journal of International Money and Finance

The Dynamics of Fertility Under Environmental Concerns

2025-06-18

Paolo Melindi‐Ghidi , Thomas Seegmuller | Environmental and Resource Economics

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Emission Control in an n-Firm Oligopoly Game with Product Differentiation

2025-06-18

Akio Matsumoto , Ferenc Szidarovszky | Mathematics

Is it possible to control NPS (non-point source) pollution whose sources, sizes, and origins are difficult to identify? This study provides a positive answer in a non-cooperative n-firm oligopoly model … Is it possible to control NPS (non-point source) pollution whose sources, sizes, and origins are difficult to identify? This study provides a positive answer in a non-cooperative n-firm oligopoly model in which the firms determine levels of differentiated goods and abatement technologies. It first derives a Cournot–Nash equilibrium in which the firms maximize their profit and emit pollution under the ambient charge scheme, combining rewards from the total NPS concentration less than a given standard with the penalties above. The effect of the ambient charge is then analytically shown in homogeneous and heterogeneous duopoly and triopoly. Further, possible controllability is numerically examined in the case of n≥4.

CORSIA greenhouse gas reduction scheme

2025-06-17

Beatrice Dragomir | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Can ETS pricing policies and clean subsidy policies lead to a cleaner power generation sector

2025-06-17

Boyang Li , R. -Y. Chen , Yuqin Du | Energy Policy

How should IOs engage with private actors in global climate and energy governance?

2025-06-17

Kaho Yu , Xinchuchu Gao , Xuechen Chen | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Carbon Tracking for Carbon Transparency

2025-06-17

Abhishek Bhati , Valeriya Radomskaya , S.B. Deshpande +1 more | Routledge eBooks

Linking Policy and Politics in Climate Action: An Overview

2025-06-17

Chanchal Kumar , K. Sreelatha | International Journal of Research and Review

The existential threat posed by climate change necessitates comprehensive responses that span the political and scientific domains. Political science and environmental policy approaches to mitigating climate change are critically studied. … The existential threat posed by climate change necessitates comprehensive responses that span the political and scientific domains. Political science and environmental policy approaches to mitigating climate change are critically studied. Analysis of environmental policy looks at certain policy instruments such as international agreements, carbon pricing, and subsidies for renewable energy. The study evaluates their efficiency in reducing emissions and points up any drawbacks, such as their narrow reach or reliance on foreign assistance. There are frameworks available from political science perspectives to help comprehend the political dynamics of climate action. It explores ideas like as power dynamics and rational choice to explain what influences social movements, domestic policy decisions, and international negotiations. The examination examines how different frameworks shed light on issues like public opinion and the impact of special interests. The review's main body then evaluates and contrasts various strategies. It investigates how political science theories and environmental policy interact or conflict with one another. This article points up possible opportunities for collaboration between different disciplines to provide better solutions. Lastly, the evaluation addresses how both areas will proceed in the future with climate change. It outlines new directions in theory and policy, points out areas in need of more research, and makes recommendations for possible study topics. Through a critical analysis of various strategies, the review hopes to advance a more thorough knowledge of mitigating climate change. Keywords: Climate Change Approaches: Environmental, Political – Comparison, Road Map

Impact of renewable energies on CO 2 emissions in the OECD

2025-06-17

A. Lorente-de-Las-Casas , Gustavo A. Marrero | Energy Sources Part B Economics Planning and Policy

Private investments in climate change adaptation are increasing in Europe, although sectoral differences remain

2025-06-17

Ignasi Cortés Arbués , Theodoros Chatzivasileiadis , Servaas Storm +2 more | Communications Earth & Environment

Abstract Climate-induced hazards are becoming more frequent and severe, causing escalating economic losses worldwide. Consequently, climate change adaptation is increasingly necessary to protect people, nature and the economy. However, little … Abstract Climate-induced hazards are becoming more frequent and severe, causing escalating economic losses worldwide. Consequently, climate change adaptation is increasingly necessary to protect people, nature and the economy. However, little is known about who is adapting and how much they spend on adaptation measures, especially in the private sector. This article focuses on firms—the backbone of economic development, yet understudied in climate adaptation research. Here we present insights from a unique panel dataset detailing businesses’ adaptation investments across 28 European countries (2018–2022), 5 hazard types, and 19 economic sectors. Our descriptive analysis reveals low but increasing adaptation investments across Europe (0.15–0.92% of national gross domestic product, annually increasing by 30.6–37.4%). Moreover, we highlight considerable differences in adaptation intensity across sectors, including low adaptation intensity in manufacturing and retail trade. Additionally, our econometric analysis indicates that public adaptation spending crowds in private investments in adaptation, highlighting opportunities to facilitate autonomous adaptation.

Leveraging the Disagreement on Climate Change: Theory and Evidence

2025-06-17

Laura Bakkensen , Toàn Phan , Tsz-Nga Wong | Journal of Political Economy

Major environmental polluters could face jail in Dominican Republic under proposed new law

2025-06-17

Gareth Iacobucci | BMJ

Radiation Management / Carbon Dioxide Removal vs. Dispersed Deployment of Bio-Sequestration Via Sequestered Carbon Backed Currencies

2025-06-17

| The MIT Press eBooks

How would the adoption of French energy technology reduce German and Japanese CO2 emissions?

2025-06-16

Skye Nathan Ze’ev Martz-Sigala , Thijs ten Raa | Asia Europe Journal

Determining the potential global sustainability outcomes of three Business-as-Usual scenarios 2016–2050 from a Doughnut model perspective

2025-06-16

Jason Phillips | Journal of Cleaner Production

Navigating the black box of fair national emissions targets

2025-06-16

Mark Dekker , Andries F. Hof , Yann Robiou du Pont +7 more | Nature Climate Change

Abstract Current national emissions targets fall short of the Paris Agreement goals, prompting the need for equitable ways to close this gap. Fair emissions allowances rely on effort-sharing formulas based … Abstract Current national emissions targets fall short of the Paris Agreement goals, prompting the need for equitable ways to close this gap. Fair emissions allowances rely on effort-sharing formulas based on fairness principles, yielding diverse outcomes. These variations, shaped by normative decisions, complicate policymaking and legal assessments of climate targets. Here we provide up-to-date numbers, comprehensively accounting for three dimensions—physical and social uncertainties, global strategies and equity—and the relative impact of them on each country’s emissions allowance. In the short run, normative considerations substantially impact fair emissions allowances—directing current discussions to this debate—while global discussions on temperature targets and non-CO 2 emissions take over in the long run. We identify many countries with insufficient nationally determined contributions in light of fairness and discuss implications for increased domestic mitigation and financing emissions reductions abroad—yielding a total international finance flux of $US0.5–7.4 trillion in 2030.

Heterogeneous (Mis-) Perceptions of Energy Costs: Implications for Measurement and Policy Design

2019-01-01

Sébastien Houde , Erica Myers

Quantifying heterogeneity in consumers’ misperceptions of product costs is crucial for policy design. We illustrate this point in the energy context and the design of Pigouvian policies. We estimate non-parametric … Quantifying heterogeneity in consumers’ misperceptions of product costs is crucial for policy design. We illustrate this point in the energy context and the design of Pigouvian policies. We estimate non-parametric distributions of perceptions of energy costs in the U.S. appliance market using a revealed preference approach. We show that the average degree of misperception is misleading— while the largest share of consumers correctly perceives energy costs, a significant share undervalues them, and smaller shares either significantly overvalues or completely ignores them. We show that setting a tax based on mean misperception deviates substantially from the optimal tax that accounts for heterogeneous misperceptions. While correctly characterizing misperception is crucial for setting optimal Pigouvian taxes for externalities, it is less important for setting optimal standards. We find that standards can largely outperform taxes. Standards’ advantage is they reduce variance in energy operating costs relative to taxes, which internalizes distortionary effects from misperceptions.