Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques

Works Count: 55417

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the optimization, modeling, and simulation of photovoltaic arrays, with a specific emphasis on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. It covers topics such as the role of renewable energy, grid-connected inverters, impact of dust on solar energy, temperature dependence of photovoltaic modules, and the development of control systems for MPPT.

Keywords

Photovoltaic Arrays; Maximum Power Point Tracking; Solar Energy; MPPT Techniques; PV System; Renewable Energy; Grid-Connected Inverters; Modeling and Simulation; Partial Shading; Parameter Estimation

Photovoltaic Degradation Rates—an Analytical Review

2011-10-13

Dirk Jordan , Sarah Kurtz

ABSTRACT As photovoltaic penetration of the power grid increases, accurate predictions of return on investment require accurate prediction of decreased power output over time. Degradation rates must be known in … ABSTRACT As photovoltaic penetration of the power grid increases, accurate predictions of return on investment require accurate prediction of decreased power output over time. Degradation rates must be known in order to predict power delivery. This article reviews degradation rates of flat‐plate terrestrial modules and systems reported in published literature from field testing throughout the last 40 years. Nearly 2000 degradation rates, measured on individual modules or entire systems, have been assembled from the literature, showing a median value of 0·5%/year. The review consists of three parts: a brief historical outline, an analytical summary of degradation rates, and a detailed bibliography partitioned by technology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions

1995-01-01

K.H. Hussein

As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of … As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of efficient PV systems is to track the MPOP correctly. Many maximum power tracking (MPT) techniques have been considered in the past but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPT algorithms are favoured because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays. Although the efficiency of these MPT algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The authors have developed a new MPT algorithm based on the fact that the MPOP of a PV generator can be tracked accurately by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the PV array. The work was carried out by both simulation and experiment, with results showing that the developed incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm has successfully tracked the MPOP, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and has higher efficiency than ordinary algorithms in terms of total PV energy transferred to the load.

Short-current pulse-based maximum-power-point tracking method for multiple photovoltaic-and-converter module system

2002-01-01

Toshihiko Noguchi , Shigenori Togashi , Ryo Nakamoto

This paper proposes a novel maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) method with a simple algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. The method is based on use of a short-current pulse of … This paper proposes a novel maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) method with a simple algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. The method is based on use of a short-current pulse of the PV to determine an optimum operating current where the maximum output power can be obtained and completely differs from conventional hill-climbing-based methods. In the proposed system, the optimum operating current is instantaneously determined simply by taking a product of the short-current pulse amplitude and a parameter k because the optimum operating current is exactly proportional to the short current under various conditions of illuminance and temperature. Also, the system offers an identification capability of k by means of fast power-versus-current curve scanning, which makes the short-current pulse-based MPPT method adaptive to disturbances such as shades partially covering the PV panels and surface contamination. The above adaptive MPPT algorithm has been introduced into a current-controlled boost chopper and a multiple power converter system composed of PV-and-chopper modules. Various operating characteristics have experimentally been examined on this multiple PV-and-chopper module system from a practical viewpoint and excellent MPPT performance has been confirmed through the tests.

Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: An Overview of Recent Research and Emerging PV Converter Technology

2015-03-01

Samir Kouro , José I. Leon , Dmitri Vinnikov +1 more

Photovoltaic (PV) energy has grown at an average annual rate of 60% in the last five years, surpassing one third of the cumulative wind energy installed capacity, and is quickly … Photovoltaic (PV) energy has grown at an average annual rate of 60% in the last five years, surpassing one third of the cumulative wind energy installed capacity, and is quickly becoming an important part of the energy mix in some regions and power systems. This has been driven by a reduction in the cost of PV modules. This growth has also triggered the evolution of classic PV power converters from conventional single-phase grid-tied inverters to more complex topologies to increase efficiency, power extraction from the modules, and reliability without impacting the cost. This article presents an overview of the existing PV energy conversion systems, addressing the system configuration of different PV plants and the PV converter topologies that have found practical applications for grid-connected systems. In addition, the recent research and emerging PV converter technology are discussed, highlighting their possible advantages compared with the present technology.

Operating temperature of photovoltaic modules: A survey of pertinent correlations

2008-06-25

E. Skoplaki , J.A. Palyvos

Assessment of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm Implementation Techniques for PV Pumping Applications

2011-12-21

Mohammed A. Elgendy , Bashar Zahawi , David Atkinson

The energy utilization efficiency of commercial photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems can be significantly improved by employing simple perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking algorithms. Two such P&O implementation … The energy utilization efficiency of commercial photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems can be significantly improved by employing simple perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking algorithms. Two such P&O implementation techniques, reference voltage perturbation and direct duty ratio perturbation, are commonly utilized in the literature but no clear criteria for the suitable choice of method or algorithm parameters have been presented. This paper presents a detailed theoretical and experimental comparison of the two P&O implementation techniques on the basis of system stability, performance characteristics, and energy utilization for standalone PV pumping systems. The influence of algorithm parameters on system behavior is investigated and the various advantages and drawbacks of each technique are identified for different weather conditions. Practical results obtained using a 1080-Wp PV array connected to a 1-kW permanent magnet dc motor-centrifugal pump set show very good agreement with the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations

2008-11-05

E. Skoplaki , J.A. Palyvos

Advances in solar thermal electricity technology

2003-05-19

David Mills

Classification and comparison of maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic system: A review

2012-12-12

Ali Reza Reisi , Mohammad H. Moradi , Shahriar Jamasb

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking algorithms

2002-11-22

D. P. Hohm , Michael Ropp

Abstract Maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) play an important role in photovoltaic (PV) power systems because they maximize the power output from a PV system for a given set of … Abstract Maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) play an important role in photovoltaic (PV) power systems because they maximize the power output from a PV system for a given set of conditions, and therefore maximize the array efficiency. Thus, an MPPT can minimize the overall system cost. MPPTs find and maintain operation at the maximum power point, using an MPPT algorithm. Many such algorithms have been proposed. However, one particular algorithm, the perturb‐and‐observe (P&O) method, claimed by many in the literature to be inferior to others, continues to be by far the most widely used method in commercial PV MPPTs. Part of the reason for this is that the published comparisons between methods do not include an experimental comparison between multiple algorithms with all algorithms optimized and a standardized MPPT hardware. This paper provides such a comparison. MPPT algorithm performance is quantified through the MPPT efficiency. In this work, results are obtained for three optimized algorithms, using a microprocessor‐controlled MPPT operating from a PV array and also a PV array simulator. It is found that the P&O method, when properly optimized, can have MPPT efficiencies well in excess of 97%, and is highly competitive against other MPPT algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)–Based MPPT for PV With Reduced Steady-State Oscillation

2012-01-23

Kashif Ishaque , Zainal Salam , Muhammad Amjad +1 more

This paper proposes an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the photovoltaic (PV) system using a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The main advantage of the method … This paper proposes an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the photovoltaic (PV) system using a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The main advantage of the method is the reduction of the steady- state oscillation (to practically zero) once the maximum power point (MPP) is located. Furthermore, the proposed method has the ability to track the MPP for the extreme environmental condition, e.g., large fluctuations of insolation and partial shading condition. The algorithm is simple and can be computed very rapidly; thus, its implementation using a low-cost microcontroller is possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out under very challenging conditions, namely step changes in irradiance, step changes in load, and partial shading of the PV array. Its performance is compared with the conventional Hill Climbing (HC) method. Finally, an experimental rig that comprises of a buck-boost converter fed by a custom-designed solar array simulator is set up to emulate the simulation. The soft- ware development is carried out in the Dspace 1104 environment using a TMS320F240 digital signal processor. The superiority of the proposed method over the HC in terms of tracking speed and steady-state oscillations is highlighted by simulation and experimental results.

A comprehensive review of the impact of dust on the use of solar energy: History, investigations, results, literature, and mitigation approaches

2013-04-17

Travis Sarver , Ali Al-Qaraghuli , Lawrence L. Kazmerski

Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review

2013-03-27

Anurag Singh

Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems

2006-01-11

V. Salas , E. Olías , A. Barrado +1 more

Simple, fast and accurate two-diode model for photovoltaic modules

2010-10-22

Kashif Ishaque , Zainal Salam , Hamed Taheri

On the Perturb-and-Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Methods for PV Systems

2013-05-20

Dezső Séra , László Máthé , Tamás Kerekes +2 more

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the two most well-known hill-climbing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms: the perturb-and-observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC). The purpose of the analysis … This paper presents a detailed analysis of the two most well-known hill-climbing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms: the perturb-and-observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC). The purpose of the analysis is to clarify some common misconceptions in the literature regarding these two trackers, therefore helping the selection process for a suitable MPPT for both researchers and industry. The two methods are thoroughly analyzed both from a mathematical and practical implementation point of view. Their mathematical analysis reveals that there is no difference between the two. This has been confirmed by experimental tests according to the EN 50530 standard, resulting in a deviation between their efficiencies of 0.13% in dynamic and as low as 0.02% under static conditions. The results show that despite the common opinion in the literature, the P&O and INC are equivalent.

A Comparative Study on Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Power Systems

2012-07-26

Bidyadhar Subudhi , Raseswari Pradhan

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012. A good number of publications report … This paper provides a comprehensive review of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012. A good number of publications report on different MPPT techniques for a PV system together with implementation. But, confusion lies while selecting a MPPT as every technique has its own merits and demerits. Hence, a proper review of these techniques is essential. Unfortunately, very few attempts have been made in this regard, excepting two latest reviews on MPPT [Salas, 2006], [Esram and Chapman, 2007]. Since, MPPT is an essential part of a PV system, extensive research has been revealed in recent years in this field and many new techniques have been reported to the list since then. In this paper, a detailed description and then classification of the MPPT techniques have made based on features, such as number of control variables involved, types of control strategies employed, types of circuitry used suitably for PV system and practical/commercial applications. This paper is intended to serve as a convenient reference for future MPPT users in PV systems.

Simplified method for predicting photovoltaic array output

1981-01-01

D.L. Evans

A New High-Efficiency Single-Phase Transformerless PV Inverter Topology

2009-06-10

Tamás Kerekes , Remus Teodorescu , Pedro Rodríguez +2 more

There is a strong trend in the photovoltaic inverter technology to use transformerless topologies in order to acquire higher efficiencies combining with very low ground leakage current. In this paper, … There is a strong trend in the photovoltaic inverter technology to use transformerless topologies in order to acquire higher efficiencies combining with very low ground leakage current. In this paper, a new topology, based on the H-bridge with a new ac bypass circuit consisting of a diode rectifier and a switch with clamping to the dc midpoint, is proposed. The topology is simulated and experimentally validated, and a comparison with other existing topologies is performed. High conversion efficiency and low leakage current are demonstrated.

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A Novel Improved Variable Step-Size Incremental-Resistance MPPT Method for PV Systems

2010-09-01

Qiang Mei , Mingwei Shan , Liying Liu +1 more

Maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) techniques are widely applied in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make PV array generate peak power which depends on solar irradiation. Among all the MPPT … Maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) techniques are widely applied in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make PV array generate peak power which depends on solar irradiation. Among all the MPPT strategies, the incremental-conductance (INC) algorithm is widely employed due to easy implementation and high tracking accuracy. In this paper, a novel variable step-size incremental-resistance MPPT algorithm is introduced, which not only has the merits of INC but also automatically adjusts the step size to track the PV array MPP. Compared with the variable step-size INC method, the proposed scheme can greatly improve the MPPT response speed and accuracy at steady state simultaneously. Moreover, it is more suitable for practical operating conditions due to a wider operating range. This paper provides the theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed MPPT strategy. Simulation and experimental results verify its feasibility.

A modified adaptive hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic power systems

2004-11-30

Weidong Xiao , W.G. Dunford

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) must usually be integrated with photovoltaic (PV) power systems so that the photovoltaic arrays are able to deliver maximum available power. In this paper, a … Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) must usually be integrated with photovoltaic (PV) power systems so that the photovoltaic arrays are able to deliver maximum available power. In this paper, a modified adaptive hill climbing (MAHC) MPPT method is introduced. It can be treated as an extension of the traditional hill climbing algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed MPPT control can avoid tracking deviation and result in improved performance in both dynamic response and steady-state.

Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system

2001-06-01

Yeong-Chau Kuo , Tsorng‐Juu Liang , Jiann-Fuh Chen

A novel maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is presented. Using the slope of power versus voltage of a PV array, the proposed MPPT controller allows … A novel maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is presented. Using the slope of power versus voltage of a PV array, the proposed MPPT controller allows the conversion system to track the maximum power point very rapidly. As opposed to conventional two-stage designs, a single-stage configuration is implemented, resulting in size and weight reduction and increased efficiency. The proposed system acts as a solar generator on sunny days, in addition to working as an active power line conditioner on rainy days. Finally, computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique.

Effect of dust, humidity and air velocity on efficiency of photovoltaic cells

2012-03-22

Saad Mekhilef , R. Saidur , M. Kamalisarvestani

Development of a photovoltaic array model for use in power-electronics simulation studies

1999-01-01

John Gow , C.D. Manning

To be able to develop a complete solar photovoltaic power electronic conversion system in simulation, it is necessary to define a circuit-based simulation model for a PV cell in order … To be able to develop a complete solar photovoltaic power electronic conversion system in simulation, it is necessary to define a circuit-based simulation model for a PV cell in order to allow the interaction between a proposed converter (with its associated control arrangement) and the PV array to be studied. To do this it is necessary to approach the modelling process from the perspective of power electronics; that is to define the desired overall model in terms of the manner in which the electrical behaviour of the cell changes with respect to the environmental parameters of temperature and irradiance. The authors cover the development of a general model which can be implemented on simulation platforms such as PSPICE or SABER and is designed to be of use to power electronics specialists. The model accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs the I/V characteristic for that particular cell for the above conditions.

Evaluation of the Main MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic Applications

2012-06-07

Moacyr Aureliano Gomes de Brito , Luigi Galotto , Leonardo P. Sampaio +2 more

This paper presents evaluations among the most usual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, doing meaningful comparisons with respect to the amount of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) panel … This paper presents evaluations among the most usual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, doing meaningful comparisons with respect to the amount of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) panel [tracking factor (TF)] in relation to the available power, PV voltage ripple, dynamic response, and use of sensors. Using MatLab/Simulink and dSPACE platforms, a digitally controlled boost dc-dc converter was implemented and connected to an Agilent Solar Array E4350B simulator in order to verify the analytical procedures. The main experimental results are presented for conventional MPPT algorithms and improved MPPT algorithms named IC based on proportional-integral (PI) and perturb and observe based on PI. Moreover, the dynamic response and the TF are also evaluated using a user-friendly interface, which is capable of online program power profiles and computes the TF. Finally, a typical daily insulation is used in order to verify the experimental results for the main PV MPPT methods.

Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method

2005-07-01

N. Femia , G. Petrone , G. Spagnuolo +1 more

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on … Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panels temperature and on irradiance conditions. The issue of MPPT has been addressed in different ways in the literature but, especially for low-cost implementations, the perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking algorithm is the most commonly used method due to its ease of implementation. A drawback of P&O is that, at steady state, the operating point oscillates around the MPP giving rise to the waste of some amount of available energy; moreover, it is well known that the P&O algorithm can be confused during those time intervals characterized by rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In this paper it is shown that, in order to limit the negative effects associated to the above drawbacks, the P&O MPPT parameters must be customized to the dynamic behavior of the specific converter adopted. A theoretical analysis allowing the optimal choice of such parameters is also carried out. Results of experimental measurements are in agreement with the predictions of theoretical analysis.

Implementation of a DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking

1998-01-01

Chih‐Chiang Hua , Jong-Rong Lin , Chihming Shen

Photovoltaic systems normally use a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest possible power to the load when variations in the insulation and temperature occur. It … Photovoltaic systems normally use a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest possible power to the load when variations in the insulation and temperature occur. It overcomes the problem of mismatch between the solar arrays and the given load. A simple method of tracking the maximum power points (MPPs) and forcing the system to operate close to these points is presented. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the large- and small-signal model and transfer function. By using the proposed model, the drawbacks of the state-space-averaging method can be overcome. The TI320C25 digital signal processor (DSP) was used to implement the proposed MPPT controller, which controls the DC/DC converter in the photovoltaic system. Simulations and experimental results show excellent performance.

Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT With Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter

2010-05-10

Azadeh Safari , Saad Mekhilef

This paper presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of … This paper presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of the proposed system to existing MPPT systems includes elimination of the proportional-integral control loop and investigation of the effect of simplifying the control circuit. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The resultant system is capable of tracking MPPs accurately and rapidly without steady-state oscillation, and also, its dynamic performance is satisfactory. The IncCond algorithm is used to track MPPs because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. MATLAB and Simulink were employed for simulation studies, and Code Composer Studio v3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor. The proposed system was developed and tested successfully on a photovoltaic solar panel in the laboratory. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.

A review of solar photovoltaic technologies

2011-01-12

Bhubaneswari Parida , S. Iniyan , Ranko Goić

MATLAB-Based Modeling to Study the Effects of Partial Shading on PV Array Characteristics

2008-02-21

Hiren H. Patel , Vivek Agarwal

The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array is affected by temperature, solar insolation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, … The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array is affected by temperature, solar insolation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. The situation is of particular interest in case of large PV installations such as those used in distributed power generation schemes. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV characteristics get more complex with multiple peaks. Yet, it is very important to understand and predict them in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents a MATLAB-based modeling and simulation scheme suitable for studying the I-V and P-V characteristics of a PV array under a nonuniform insolation due to partial shading. It can also be used for developing and evaluating new maximum power point tracking techniques, especially for partially shaded conditions. The proposed models conveniently interface with the models of power electronic converters, which is a very useful feature. It can also be used as a tool to study the effects of shading patterns on PV panels having different configurations. It is observed that, for a given number of PV modules, the array configuration (how many modules in series and how many in parallel) significantly affects the maximum available power under partially shaded conditions. This is another aspect to which the developed tool can be applied. The model has been experimentally validated and the usefulness of this research is highlighted with the help of several illustrations. The MATLAB code of the developed model is freely available for download.

Modeling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays

2009-09-01

Marcelo Gradella Villalva , Jonas Rafael Gazoli , Ernesto Ruppert Filho

This paper presents an easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays. The method is used to obtain the parameters of the array model using information from the datasheet. The … This paper presents an easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays. The method is used to obtain the parameters of the array model using information from the datasheet. The photovoltaic array model can be simulated with any circuit simulator. The equations of the model are presented in details and the model is validated with experimental data. Finally, simulation examples are presented. This paper is useful for power electronics designers and researchers who need an effective and straightforward way to model and simulate photovoltaic arrays.

Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement

2013-01-11

V.V. Tyagi , Nurul A. A. Rahim , Nasrudin Abd Rahim +1 more

Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays

2009-03-30

Marcelo Gradella Villalva , Jonas Rafael Gazoli , Ernesto Ruppert Filho

This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the … This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit. Given these three points, which are provided by all commercial array data sheets, the method finds the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model including the effect of the series and parallel resistances, and warranties that the maximum power of the model matches with the maximum power of the real array. With the parameters of the adjusted I-V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems. In the first pages, the reader will find a tutorial on PV devices and will understand the parameters that compose the single-diode PV model. The modeling method is then introduced and presented in details. The model is validated with experimental data of commercial PV arrays.

High-Performance Adaptive Perturb and Observe MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic-Based Microgrids

2011-01-17

Ahmed K. Abdelsalam , Ahmed Massoud , Salman Ahmed +1 more

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has witnessed double-digit growth in the past decade. The penetration of PV systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen significant attention. In addition, … Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has witnessed double-digit growth in the past decade. The penetration of PV systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen significant attention. In addition, the need for higher overall grid efficiency and reliability has boosted the interest in the microgrid concept. High-efficiency PV-based microgrids require maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers to maximize the harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics. Perturb and observe (P&O) techniques, although thoroughly investigated in previous research, still suffer from several disadvantages, such as sustained oscillation around the MPP, fast tracking versus oscillation tradeoffs, and user predefined constants. In this paper, a modified P&O MPPT technique, applicable for PV systems, is presented. The proposed technique achieves: first, adaptive tracking; second, no steady-state oscillations around the MPP; and lastly, no need for predefined system-dependent constants, hence provides a generic design core. A design example is presented by experimental implementation of the proposed technique. Practical results for the implemented setup at different irradiance levels are illustrated to validate the proposed technique.

Theoretical and experimental analyses of photovoltaic systems with voltageand current-based maximum power-point tracking

2002-12-01

Mohammad A. S. Masoum , H. Dehbonei , E.F. Fuchs

Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are presented for the comparison of two simple, fast and reliable maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic (PV) systems: the voltage-based (VMPPT) and the … Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are presented for the comparison of two simple, fast and reliable maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic (PV) systems: the voltage-based (VMPPT) and the current-based (CMPPT) approaches. A microprocessor-controlled tracker capable of online voltage and current measurements and programmed with VMPPT and CMPPT algorithms is constructed. The load of the solar system is either a water pump or resistance. "Simulink" facilities are used for simulation and modeling of the novel trackers. The main advantage of this new MPPT, compared with present trackers, is the elimination of reference (dummy) cells which results in a more efficient, less expensive, and more reliable PV system.

Artificial intelligence techniques for photovoltaic applications: A review

2008-03-06

A. Mellit , Soteris A. Kalogirou

Improvement and validation of a model for photovoltaic array performance

2005-08-17

Wilfredo Soto , S.A. Klein , William A. Beckman

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Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme for PV Systems Operating Under Partially Shaded Conditions

2008-04-01

Himanshu Patel , Vivek Agarwal

Current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of large photovoltaic (PV) arrays under partially shaded conditions are characterized by multiple steps and peaks. This makes the tracking of the actual maximum power point … Current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of large photovoltaic (PV) arrays under partially shaded conditions are characterized by multiple steps and peaks. This makes the tracking of the actual maximum power point (MPP) [global peak (GP)] a difficult task. In addition, most of the existing schemes are unable to extract maximum power from the PV array under these conditions. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to track the global power peak under partially shaded conditions. The formulation of the algorithm is based on several critical observations made out of an extensive study of the PV characteristics and the behavior of the global and local peaks under partially shaded conditions. The proposed algorithm works in conjunction with a DC-DC converter to track the GP. In order to accelerate the tracking speed, a feedforward control scheme for operating the DC-DC converter is also proposed, which uses the reference voltage information from the tracking algorithm to shift the operation toward the MPP. The tracking time with this controller is about one-tenth as compared to a conventional controller. All the observations and conclusions, including simulation and experimental results, are presented.

A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems

2008-06-24

Fangrui Liu , Shanxu Duan , Fei Liu +2 more

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make full utilization of PV array output power which depends on solar irradiation and ambient temperature. Among … Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make full utilization of PV array output power which depends on solar irradiation and ambient temperature. Among all the MPPT strategies, the incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is widely used due to the high tracking accuracy at steady state and good adaptability to the rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In this paper, a modified variable step size INC MPPT algorithm is proposed, which automatically adjusts the step size to track the PV array maximum power point. Compared with the conventional fixed step size method, the proposed approach can effectively improve the MPPT speed and accuracy simultaneously. Furthermore, it is simple and can be easily implemented in digital signal processors. A theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed method are provided and its feasibility is also verified by simulation and experimental results.

Fuzzy-Logic-Control Approach of a Modified Hill-Climbing Method for Maximum Power Point in Microgrid Standalone Photovoltaic System

2010-11-10

Bader N. Alajmi , Khaled H. Ahmed , S.J. Finney +1 more

A new fuzzy-logic controller for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed. PV modeling is discussed. Conventional hill-climbing maximum power-point tracker structures and features are investigated. The … A new fuzzy-logic controller for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed. PV modeling is discussed. Conventional hill-climbing maximum power-point tracker structures and features are investigated. The new controller improves the hill-climbing search method by fuzzifying the rules of such techniques and eliminates their drawbacks. Fuzzy-logic-based hill climbing offers fast and accurate converging to the maximum operating point during steady-state and varying weather conditions compared to conventional hill climbing. Simulation and experimentation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fuzzy-logic-based controller.

Development of a microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system

2001-01-01

Eftichios Koutroulis , K. Kalaitzakis , N.C. Voulgaris

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical … Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics. A new MPPT system has been developed, consisting of a buck-type DC/DC converter, which is controlled by a microcontroller-based unit. The main difference between the method used in the proposed MPPT system and other techniques used in the past is that the PV array output power is used to directly control the DC/DC converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The resulting system has high-efficiency, lower-cost and can be easily modified to handle more energy sources (e.g., wind-generators). The experimental results show that the use of the proposed MPPT control increases the PV output power by as much as 15% compared to the case where the DC/DC converter duty cycle is set such that the PV array produces the maximum power at 1 kW/m/sup 2/ and 25/spl deg/C.

Impact of dust on solar photovoltaic (PV) performance: Research status, challenges and recommendations

2010-08-06

M. Mani , Rohit Pillai

Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

2007-06-01

Trishan Esram , Patrick L. Chapman

The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is … The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.

Cascaded DC–DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules

2004-07-01

Geoffrey R. Walker , Paul Sernia

New residential scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays are commonly connected to the grid by a single dc-ac inverter connected to a series string of pv panels, or many small dc-ac inverters … New residential scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays are commonly connected to the grid by a single dc-ac inverter connected to a series string of pv panels, or many small dc-ac inverters which connect one or two panels directly to the ac grid. This paper proposes an alternative topology of nonisolated per-panel dc-dc converters connected in series to create a high voltage string connected to a simplified dc-ac inverter. This offers the advantages of a "converter-per-panel" approach without the cost or efficiency penalties of individual dc-ac grid connected inverters. Buck, boost, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are considered as possible dc-dc converters that can be cascaded. Matlab simulations are used to compare the efficiency of each topology as well as evaluating the benefits of increasing cost and complexity. The buck and then boost converters are shown to be the most efficient topologies for a given cost, with the buck best suited for long strings and the boost for short strings. While flexible in voltage ranges, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are always at an efficiency or alternatively cost disadvantage.

A New MPPT Design Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions

2015-10-26

Satyajit Mohanty , Bidyadhar Subudhi , Pravat Kumar Ray

This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) design for a photovoltaic (PV) system using a grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique. The GWO is a new optimization method which … This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) design for a photovoltaic (PV) system using a grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique. The GWO is a new optimization method which overcomes the limitations such as lower tracking efficiency, steady-state oscillations, and transients as encountered in perturb and observe (P&O) and improved PSO (IPSO) techniques. The problem of tracking the global peak (GP) of a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is attempted employing the GWO-based MPPT technique. The proposed scheme is studied for a PV array under PSCs which exhibits multiple peaks and its tracking performance is compared with that of two MPPT algorithms, namely P&O-MPPT and IPSO-MPPT. The proposed GWO-MPPT algorithm is implemented on a PV system using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, an experimental setup is developed to verify the efficacy of the proposed system. From the obtained simulation and experimental results, it is observed that the proposed MPPT algorithm outperforms both P&O and IPSO MPPTs.

Photovoltaic array performance model.

2004-08-01

J.A. Kratochvil , W.E. Boyson , David L. King

This document summarizes the equations and applications associated with the photovoltaic array performance model developed at Sandia National Laboratories over the last twelve years. Electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics for … This document summarizes the equations and applications associated with the photovoltaic array performance model developed at Sandia National Laboratories over the last twelve years. Electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics for photovoltaic modules are included in the model, and the model is designed to use hourly solar resource and meteorological data. The versatility and accuracy of the model has been validated for flat-plate modules (all technologies) and for concentrator modules, as well as for large arrays of modules. Applications include system design and sizing, 'translation' of field performance measurements to standard reporting conditions, system performance optimization, and real-time comparison of measured versus expected system performance.

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Power loss due to soiling on solar panel: A review

2016-01-30

Mohammad Reza Maghami , Hashim Hizam , Chandima Gomes +3 more

The power output delivered from a photovoltaic module highly depends on the amount of irradiance, which reaches the solar cells. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in … The power output delivered from a photovoltaic module highly depends on the amount of irradiance, which reaches the solar cells. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in a photovoltaic module. However, the environment is one of the contributing parameters which directly affect the photovoltaic performance. The authors review and evaluate key contributions to the understanding, performance effects, and mitigation of power loss due to soiling on a solar panel. Electrical characteristics of PV (Voltage and current) are discussed with respect to shading due to soiling. Shading due to soiling is divided in two categories, namely, soft shading such as air pollution, and hard shading which occurs when a solid such as accumulated dust blocks the sunlight. The result shows that soft shading affects the current provided by the PV module, but the voltage remains the same. In hard shading, the performance of the PV module depends on whether some cells are shaded or all cells of the PV module are shaded. If some cells are shaded, then as long as the unshaded cells receive solar irradiance, there will be some output although there will be a decrease in the voltage output of the PV module. This study also present a few cleaning method to prevent from dust accumulation on the surface of solar arrays.

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Modeling of solar energy systems using artificial neural network: A comprehensive review

2019-01-26

Ammar H. Elsheikh , Swellam W. Sharshir , Mohamed Abd Elaziz +3 more

Machine learning approaches for automatic defect detection in photovoltaic systems

2025-06-25

Sunil Mohanty , Moin Uddin Maruf , Vaibhav Singh +1 more | Solar Energy

Harnessing solar energy: Hardware implementation of solar power inverter

2025-06-24

Nivedika Kher , Kamaldeep Boora , Krishna Bihari Yadav +1 more | Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

The rising demand for renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, has surged in recent years as a sustainable solution to global energy challenges. Solar power inverters show a crucial part … The rising demand for renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, has surged in recent years as a sustainable solution to global energy challenges. Solar power inverters show a crucial part in transforming solar-generated direct current (DC) into usable alternating current (AC), which is required for a number of applications across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. This paper provides a concise overview of key aspects related to solar power inverters, highlighting their importance in the solar energy ecosystem. Specifically, this paper focuses on the design of Solar Inverter, which is needed to run AC loads and is primarily utilized for consumable purposes. Moreover, it delves into the principles and functioning of two widely-used inverter topologies: Push-Pull and H-Bridge. To validate the system, the circuit model is implemented on hardware, confirming its practicality. The developed inverter has a 100W power output, a 12V input voltage, and a 220V output with a 50Hz square wave output.

Comprehensive comparison of metaheuristic algorithms for PV parameter identification

2025-06-24

Kun-Che Ho , Z. Chen | Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

Smart fault isolation and diagnosis in PV setups utilizing random forest classifiers

2025-06-24

Chérifa Kara Mostefa Khelil , Imane El hamzaoui , Fatma Zohra BAOUCHE +3 more | Applied Chemical Engineering

In the modern era, there has been a growing focus among researchers on the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) energy, which is gaining popularity … In the modern era, there has been a growing focus among researchers on the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) energy, which is gaining popularity worldwide. As the development and installation of PV systems accelerate globally, it is essential to address the various faults and failures these systems may encounter. Consequently, fault diagnosis and evaluation have emerged as critical areas of study aimed at enhancing performance, improving system efficiency, and reducing maintenance costs and repair times. This paper proposes the use of a Random Forest classifier (RF) for diagnosing short circuit and open circuit faults in PV systems. The classifier is trained using machine learning algorithms to accurately identify different fault types based on real measured data from an experimental PV setup. This data encompasses weather conditions such as cell temperature and solar irradiation, as well as system parameters like current and voltage at the maximum power point, alongside performance metrics. The Random Forest classifier serves as a proactive tool for maintenance and fault diagnosis in PV systems, contributing to better overall performance and reliability. Testing on real-world data from a PV system demonstrates that this approach achieves remarkable accuracy in fault diagnosis, with a precision of 100% for current classification and around 97% for voltage classification, all within a few seconds for each parameter.

Edge-Embedded System-on-Chip Architecture for Unified Transformer-Based AI in Cross-Domain Energy Systems

2025-06-24

Adnan Haider Zaidi | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Recent advances in deep learning hardware often fail to deliver crossdomain portability, multimodal signal processing, and task-adaptive inference essential for smart grids, UAVs, and spacecraft systems. This paper introduces a … Recent advances in deep learning hardware often fail to deliver crossdomain portability, multimodal signal processing, and task-adaptive inference essential for smart grids, UAVs, and spacecraft systems. This paper introduces a novel System-onChip (SoC) design tailored for the UCMTransformer—a unified Transformer-GNN hybrid model capable of realtime forecasting, control, and fault detection across Earth and aerospace domains. Our design incorporates neuromorphic processors, compute-inmemory accelerators, and graph-aware dataflow to bridge gaps found in 20 state-of-the-art IEEE SoC publications. We validate our architecture through simulation and embedded deployment benchmarks.

Enhancing reliability and safety of uncertain grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on intelligent transient regime analysis

2025-06-23

Amal Hichri , Mansour Hajji , Majdi Mansouri +3 more | Applied Energy

Smart monitoring of potential induced leakage current of photovoltaic under salt mist environment based on passive optical Fabry–Perot interference sensor

2025-06-23

Y.-H. Ye , Wei-Hang Deng , Zifan Ye +2 more | Solar Energy

Optimization and performance testing for hollow slab with micro photovoltaic array of solar pavement

2025-06-23

Xudong Zha , Chao Niu , Hengwu Hu +2 more | Solar Energy

Fault-Tolerant Operation of Photovoltaic Systems Using Quasi-Z-Source Boost Converters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation with Typhoon HIL

2025-06-21

Basit Ali , Mothana S. A. Al Sunjury , Adnan Ashraf +2 more | Electronics

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are prone to different types of faults, primarily electrical faults such as line-to-ground (L-G) and line-to-line (L-L) faults, which can significantly reduce system performance, efficiency, and lead … Photovoltaic (PV) systems are prone to different types of faults, primarily electrical faults such as line-to-ground (L-G) and line-to-line (L-L) faults, which can significantly reduce system performance, efficiency, and lead to increased power losses. Moreover, mechanical damage caused by environmental stressors (such as wind, hail, or temperature variations), aging, or improper installation also contribute to system degradation. This study specifically focuses on electrical faults and proposes a method that not only enables the isolation of faulty modules but also ensures the uninterrupted operation of the remaining healthy modules and also assists in the localization of faults. Unlike benchmarked techniques-based boost converters, the Quasi-Z-Source Boost Converter (QZBC) topology offers improved voltage boosting with high gain values, reduced component stress, and enhanced reliability when the PV system is undergoing fault identification and localization algorithms. A 600-watt PV system connected with a Quasi-Z-Source Boost Converter was implemented and tested under different fault conditions using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) setup with Typhoon HIL. All the component values of the QZBC were calculated based on the system requirements rather than assumed, ensuring both practical feasibility and design accuracy. The experimental results show that the converter achieved an efficiency of over 96% under electrical-fault conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the quasi-Z-source boost converter in maintaining a stable power output when the PV system is undergoing fault identification and localization algorithms. The study further highlights the benefits of HIL-based testing for evaluating PV-system resilience and fault-handling capabilities in real-time conditions using a Typhoon HIL 404 environment.

Combination of Evolutionary Algorithms and Direct Search Approaches for Improving the Dynamic Performance of Grid Connected Solar Power System

2025-06-20

Anand K. Verma , Prabhakar Tiwari , Desh Deepak Sharma | Engineering Technologies and Systems

Introduction. The Grid Connected Photovoltaic System comprises two fundamental control loops: an external loop responsible for overseeing the DC link voltage, and an internal control loop that regulates the inverter … Introduction. The Grid Connected Photovoltaic System comprises two fundamental control loops: an external loop responsible for overseeing the DC link voltage, and an internal control loop that regulates the inverter current. The primary element of any control loop is the proportional-integral controller and determining the appropriate gains for this controller is a difficult issue.Aim of the Study. The study aimed to adjust the gains of the PI controllers in both static and dynamic irradiance scenarios for improving DC-link voltage by novel hybrid optimization method named Genetic Algorithm- Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm- Pattern search.Material and Methods. In this paper we use two hybrid optimizations techniques called Genetic Algorithm- simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm- Pattern Search to adjust the gains of the PI controllers in both static and dynamic irradiance scenarios for improving DC-link voltage.Results. Finally, this study presents comparison of DC-link voltage with six cases with manual tuning of PI controller, as well as PI controller by Genetic Algorithm- simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm- Pattern Search, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing and Pattern Search. The comparison showed by using Genetic Algorithm-Simulated Annealing, peak overshoot in DC-link voltage is 829.3 V while peak overshoot in DC-link voltage is 1 052 V when DC-link voltage is controlled by manual tuning of PI as well as significant reduction in peak time and settling time in DC-link voltage.Discussion and Conclusion. The results achieved to strengthen the DC-link voltage under both static and dynamic irradiance conditions enable the sustaining of a constant DC-link voltage, which is essential for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The comparison showed by using Genetic Algorithm- Simulated Annealing, peak overshoot in DC-link voltage is 829.3 V while peak overshoot in DC-link voltage is 1 052 V when DC-link voltage is controlled by manual tuning of PI as well as significant reduction in peak time and settling time in DC-link voltage.

Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance for Photovoltaic Systems

2025-06-20

Ali Al Humairi , Enmar Khalis , Zuhair A. Al Hemyari +1 more | AI

The performance of photovoltaic systems is highly dependent on environmental conditions, with soiling due to dust accumulation often being referred to as a predominant energy degradation factor, especially in dry … The performance of photovoltaic systems is highly dependent on environmental conditions, with soiling due to dust accumulation often being referred to as a predominant energy degradation factor, especially in dry and semi-arid environments. This paper introduces an AI-based robotic cleaning system that can independently forecast and schedule cleaning sessions from real-time sensor and environmental data. Methods: The system integrates sources of data like embedded sensors, weather stations, and DustIQ data to create an integrated dataset for predictive modeling. Machine learning models were employed to forecast soiling loss based on significant atmospheric parameters such as relative humidity, air pressure, ambient temperature, and wind speed. Dimensionality reduction through the principal component analysis and correlation-based feature selection enhanced the model performance as well as the interpretability. A comparative study of four conventional machine learning models, including logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, and support vector machine, was conducted to determine the most appropriate approach to classifying cleaning needs. Results: Performance, based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, demonstrated that logistic regression and SVM provided optimal classification performance with accuracy levels over 92%, and F1-scores over 0.90, demonstrating outstanding balance between recall and precision. The KNN and decision tree models, while slightly poorer in terms of accuracy (around 85–88%), had computational efficiency benefits, making them suitable for utilization in resource-constrained applications. Conclusions: The proposed system employs a dry-cleaning mechanism that requires no water, making it highly suitable for arid regions. It reduces unnecessary cleaning operations by approximately 30%, leading to decreased mechanical wear and lower maintenance costs. Additionally, by minimizing delays in necessary cleaning, the system can improve annual energy yield by 3–5% under high-soiling conditions. Overall, the intelligent cleaning schedule minimizes manual intervention, enhances sustainability, reduces operating costs, and improves system performance in challenging environments.

Characterization, experimental study and optimization of the performance of photovoltaic panel integrated with form-stable phase change materials and conductive ZnO/MnO2 nanoparticles

2025-06-19

Anle Sun , Yuzhen Sun , Jingwei Zhao +1 more | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

A Classical H6 Topology for Modern PV Inverter Design

2025-06-19

Namburi Nireekshana , Archana Areti , K. Pullareddy +1 more | CRC Press eBooks

Correction: Effect of various parameters on the performance of solar PV power plant: a review and the experimental study

2025-06-19

Feroz Shaik , L. Syam Sundar , Punnaiah Veeraboina | Sustainable Energy Research

Modeling and Controller Design of Solar T-type Inverter : A Comparative Study of MPC-Based Optimization Techniques for Dynamic Performance Improvement

2025-06-19

Hokyung Jang , Il-Song Kim | The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics

Solar Tree: Sustainable Tree by SolarBotanic

2025-06-19

| IJIREEICE

A new framework for PV array performance enhancement under non-uniform irradiance

2025-06-18

Sumit Kataria , Afzal Sikander | Electric Power Systems Research

A novel quantum-enhanced crested porcupine optimizer for photovoltaic cell and module parameters identification

2025-06-17

Ying Qian | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square. <title>Abstract</title> The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

Design and development of graphene-based hexagon-plus shaped wideband solar absorber for industrial heating systems

2025-06-17

Meshari Alsharari , Bo Bo Han , Shobhit K. Patel +2 more | Applied Physics A

Modeling of smart inverter functions executed by photovoltaic systems for power flow analysis

2025-06-17

Miguel F. M. Sampaio Pinto , Carla Oliveira , J. London | Electric Power Systems Research

An Improved Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Scheme for Photovoltaic Systems: Integrating Sparrow Search Algorithm-Optimized Support Vector Regression and Optimal Regulation for Enhancing Precision and Robustness

2025-06-17

Mingjun He , Ke Zhou , Yutao Xu +3 more | Energies

Overdependence on fossil fuels contributes to global warming and environmental degradation. Solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) power generation, has emerged as a widely adopted clean and renewable alternative. To increase … Overdependence on fossil fuels contributes to global warming and environmental degradation. Solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) power generation, has emerged as a widely adopted clean and renewable alternative. To increase and enhance the efficiency of PV systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is essential. However, achieving accurate tracking control while balancing overall performance in terms of stability, dynamic response, and robustness remains a challenge. In this study, an improved MPPT control scheme based on the technique of predicting the reference current at the MPP and regulating the optimal current is proposed. Support vector regression (SVR) endowed with a strong generalization stability was adopted to model the nonlinear relationship between the PV output current and the environmental factors of irradiance and temperature. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA), recognized for its excellent global search capability, was employed to optimize the hyperparameters of SVR to further increase the prediction accuracy. To satisfy the performance requirements for the current-tracking process, a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control strategy was applied to design the current regulator based on the PV system’s state-space model. The effectiveness and superior performance of the suggested SSA-SVR-LQ control scheme were validated using measured data under real operating conditions.

A Voltage Signature Approach to PV Array Fault Detection Using MATLAB

2025-06-17

Mahmoud Shakir Wahab | Engineering and Technology Journal

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are major components in renewable energy systems, yet their functionality can be greatly compromised by faults including partial shading, inadequate link, open circuit, and loss of connection. … Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are major components in renewable energy systems, yet their functionality can be greatly compromised by faults including partial shading, inadequate link, open circuit, and loss of connection. A voltage signature-based approach for PV array fault detection is discussed in this paper using MATLAB simulation. Under normal test condition, faults are detected by analyzing the voltage profiles in array modules from real time deviation analysis with reference signatures. A MATLAB simulation environment is constructed for simulation of actual world irradiance variation and fault occurrence. The proposed technique uses thresholding in the detection of voltage anomalies and differentiating between types of faults by using unique voltage signatures. Results show that the optical voltage signature technique is an effective method, for blind and efficient fault detection and isolation, without complex current sensing or thermal analysis and an economical solution. This way of consumption can be extended for web-based monitoring and intelligent grid fault management services. The present work aims to alleviate the above-mentioned limitations by a MATLAB based framework utilizing only the voltage signature deviations for multi-fault detection functions applicable to both offline simulation and embedded monitoring systems.

Enhanced Detection of Solar Panel Defects Using VGG16-Based Convolutional Neural Networks

2025-06-17

Manisha Gupta , Mr. Muhammad Zaid Katlariwala | International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Solar energy is a renewable energy source that is expanding rapidly, and it is essential to ensure that solar panel installations are correctly monitored and maintained to ensure that they … Solar energy is a renewable energy source that is expanding rapidly, and it is essential to ensure that solar panel installations are correctly monitored and maintained to ensure that they are operating at their full potential. Detection of various situations and irregularities in solar panel arrays may be accomplished through automated image classification algorithms, which hold great potential. Within the scope of this research, we offer a technique for categorizing images of solar panels that uses the VGG16 convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. The dataset was taken from Kaggle, which contained 891 Images. The dataset was divided into six categories: Bird drop, Clean, Dusty, electrical damage, physical damage, and snow-covered. In this research, we implemented solar panel image classification using VGG16, a convolutional neural network and achieved a remarkable accuracy of 97.88%. This research exhibited performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

An artificial neural network implementation on novel tetra hybrid nanofluid model: Case study of solar wind turbines

2025-06-16

Aatif Ali , Shazia Habib , Zeeshan Khan +3 more | Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Enhanced Solar Power Generation with OCV-Advanced P&O Hybrid MPPT Algorithm

2025-06-16

Yong‐Yuk Won , Jin-Geun Shon , Hyosung Kim | The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

Güneş Panellerinde Gölgelenme Durumunda Maksimum Güç Noktası ile Verim Arttırımı

2025-06-16

Sıla Sezgin , Ahmet Yönetken , Tolga Özer | Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

Güneş enerjisi güneş panelleri yardımı ile insanlar tarafından kullanılabilir hale gelmektedir. Fakat enerji kullanılabilir hale gelirken güneşin tüm enerjisinden yarar sağlanamamaktadır. Kullanılacak enerjide kayıplar olmaktadır. Bunun sebeplerinden biri de güneş … Güneş enerjisi güneş panelleri yardımı ile insanlar tarafından kullanılabilir hale gelmektedir. Fakat enerji kullanılabilir hale gelirken güneşin tüm enerjisinden yarar sağlanamamaktadır. Kullanılacak enerjide kayıplar olmaktadır. Bunun sebeplerinden biri de güneş panellerinin gölgelenme durumundan kaynaklı düzgün ışınım alamamasından dolayı ürettiği güçte azalışa sebep olmasıdır. Gölgelenme, verimde azalmaya ve panellerin bozulmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Gölgelenme durumundan etkilenmemek için birçok yöntem bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri de Maksimum Güç Noktası Takibidir. Bu makalede, kısmi gölgelemenin güneş panellerinin performansını nasıl etkilediğini ve Maksimum Güç Noktası Takibi (MPPT) gibi azaltma tekniklerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Matlab\ Simulink programı kullanılarak Maksimum Güç noktası Takibi teknikleri olan Bulanık Mantık kontrolü üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Çalışma iki adet güneş paneli dizisi, bulanık mantık ve Boost dönüştürücü kullanarak tasarlanmış ve MPPT kullanarak ve MPPT kullanmadan elde edilen güç, voltaj ve akım değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda kısmi gölgeleme altında kalan güneş panellerinin MPPT kullanarak yapılan çalışmada güç, verim ve performansının MPPT kullanmadan yapılan çalışmaya göre daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği anlaşılmıştır. Zorlu şartlar altında güneş panellerinden daha fazla verim alabilmek için MPPT tekniklerinin kullanılabileceği çalışma sonucunda net bir şekilde anlaşılmıştır.

Enhanced energy management through BESS controllers in industrial rooftop solar PV systems: A case study analysis

2025-06-14

Meera Sharma , Parag Nijhawan , Amrita Sinha | Electric Power Systems Research

Development of a monitoring system for a mini photovoltaic power plants at CDER/Bouzareah/Algiers

2025-06-14

Lalia Miloudi , Nasreddine Belhaouas , S. Djebli +2 more | Electrical Engineering

A novel approach using a polarized nonius test to evaluate the near point of convergence

2025-06-13

Cristina Rovira‐Gay , Marc Argilés , Luis Pérez-Mañá +1 more | Journal of Optometry

Comprehensive Diagnostic Assessment of Inverter Failures in a Utility-Scale Solar Power Plant: A Case Study Based on Field and Laboratory Validation

2025-06-13

Karl Kull , Bilal Asad , Muhammad Usman Naseer +2 more | Sensors

Recurrent catastrophic inverter failures significantly undermine the reliability and economic viability of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of severe inverter destruction incidents at the … Recurrent catastrophic inverter failures significantly undermine the reliability and economic viability of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of severe inverter destruction incidents at the Kopli Solar Power Plant, Estonia, by integrating controlled laboratory simulations with extensive field monitoring. Initially, detailed laboratory experiments were conducted to replicate critical DC-side short-circuit scenarios, particularly focusing on negative DC input terminal faults. The results consistently showed these faults rapidly escalating into multi-phase short-circuits and sustained ground-fault arcs due to inadequate internal protection mechanisms, semiconductor breakdown, and delayed relay response. Subsequently, extensive field-based waveform analyses of multiple inverter failure events captured identical fault signatures, thereby conclusively validating laboratory-identified failure mechanisms. Critical vulnerabilities were explicitly identified, including insufficient isolation relay responsiveness, inadequate semiconductor transient ratings, and ineffective internal insulation leading to prolonged arc conditions. Based on the validated findings, the paper proposes targeted inverter design enhancements—particularly advanced DC-side protective schemes, rapid fault-isolation mechanisms, and improved internal insulation practices. Additionally, robust operational and monitoring guidelines are recommended for industry-wide adoption to proactively mitigate future inverter failures. The presented integrated methodological framework and actionable recommendations significantly contribute toward enhancing inverter reliability standards and operational stability within grid-connected photovoltaic installations.

A novel hybrid Teaching-Learning-Based optimization and Reduced-Form approach for efficient parameter extraction and accurate prediction of photovoltaic module performance

2025-06-13

Fatima Ezzahra Ait Salah , Noureddine Maouhoub , Kawtar Tifidat +2 more | Energy Conversion and Management

Fault detection and predictive maintenance of photovoltaic facilities

2025-06-13

Roberto G. Aragón , Fernando Chacón‐Gómez , M. Eugenia Cornejo +2 more | International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making

Research on Simplified Engineering Model and Parameter Sensitivity of Polycrystalline Silicon (AsGa) Photovoltaic Cells

2025-06-13

Peng Zhang | Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials

Modified invasive weed optimization MPPT approach for PV system interfaced with BLDC motor for water pumping system

2025-06-12

Nagaraja Rao Sulake , Kiran Kumar B M , B.M. Manjunatha +1 more | Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

Abstract Water pumping systems (WPSs) are vital to many elements of human life, including drinking, agriculture, and industrial use. In many areas, photovoltaic system (PVS)-powered WPSs are regarded as the … Abstract Water pumping systems (WPSs) are vital to many elements of human life, including drinking, agriculture, and industrial use. In many areas, photovoltaic system (PVS)-powered WPSs are regarded as the most efficient means of water supply. Multiple WPSs may be required to accommodate demand. To pump out the water from underground, electric motors—specifically, brushless DC (BLDC) motors—are needed. In the proposed research, two separate WPSs that will interface with the single PVS to supply water to different locations with the two BLDC motors each. In order to reduce maintenance costs, this study examines a PVS interfaced with BLDC motor-driven WPS that does not require batteries leads to reduced maintenance. Furthermore, the sensor-less speed control by sliding mode controller (SMC) is employed instead of sensors to maintain the motor speed. Partial shading is a major issue in PVS, affecting power generation. With partial shading conditions (PSC), the perturbed and observe (P&O) method might not be enough to produce a voltage signal that corresponds to the maximum power point (MPP). Therefore, the modified invasive weed optimization (MIWO) approach integrated with P&O approach to improve performance under PSC. Results of proposed MIWO with P&O approach has been compared with other MPP approaches i.e., grey wolf optimization (GWO) approach, particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach, and genetic algorithm (GA) approaches for MPP tracking under different PSCs. By combining SMC with the suggested MPP, converter has the ability to serve as an MPP tracker. The suggested inverter control uses long short-term memory (LSTM) with artificial neural network (ANN) controller to obtain more accurate responses with various operational circumstances. The suggested single PVS with MIWO with P&O-based MPP approach for WPSs interfaced by two BLDC motors has been tested and validated on the Hardware in Loop (HIL) platform, which driven by OPAL-RT technology.

Improved control of PV grid-connected systems via a novel approach MPPT hybrid: incremental conductance-synergetic control

2025-06-12

Fethi Messaoudi , Belgacem Mbarki , Fethi Farhani +1 more | Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling Experiments and Design

Rear irradiance monitoring on tracked bifacial photovoltaic systems

2025-06-07

Nicholas Riedel , Nanna Lysgaard Andersen | Solar Energy

Designing a Solar City Using Solar Energy to Generate Energy through Innovative Planning and Energy Simulation System (Kufa University Case Study)

2021-11-09

Khulood Abdul Qalik Al Salim

The research indicates the possibility of using solar radiation and its rolein generating electricity through photovoltaic solar systems that do not emit environmental pollutants. To solve the problem of generating … The research indicates the possibility of using solar radiation and its rolein generating electricity through photovoltaic solar systems that do not emit environmental pollutants. To solve the problem of generating electric power from fossil fuels that pollute the environment, the study was conducted in order to answer the following questions: Do solar energy projects have the potential to preserve and sustain the environment?And is there an economic advantage compared to energy sources generated from fossil fuels? Climate characteristics have an impact on its production efficiency and increase in electrical energy consumption, and that there is a relationship between climatic characteristics and solar radiation, and between electric energy produced and climatic characteristics. Because the University of Kufa is one of the first universities to use solar renewable energy in its corridors, it was important to shed light on this aspect for its sustainability in the field of energy.Through the research, we found that the University of Kufa is qualified to be a solar city that produces enough energy and even the surplus to serve its neighboring regions by providing them with produced electric energy.It was found from the feasibility study conducted for the project in terms of cost, age of the system and its location within the university’s borders that it is the right place for installing solar systems because many of the electric towers are located inside the university, and this facilitates the process of connecting them to the governmental electricity grid, and thus it is considered a support and backing for governmental electricity.