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Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Works Count: 67011

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This cluster of papers focuses on the impact of environmental contaminants, such as pesticides and heavy metals, on aquatic organisms. It explores bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and the use of biomarkers in assessing the ecological risk and water quality. The research covers a wide range of topics related to aquatic ecotoxicology and the effects of pollutants on marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Keywords

Bioaccumulation; Oxidative Stress; Biomarkers; Environmental Risk Assessment; Aquatic Organisms; Metal Toxicity; Pesticides; Ecological Impact; Water Quality; Contaminant Effects

Handbook of Ecotoxicology

2002-11-13

David J. Hoffman

Introduction, D.J. Hoffman, B.A. Rattner, G.A. Burton, Jr., and J. Cairns, Jr. QUANTIFYING AND MEASURING ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS Aquatic Toxicology Test Methods, W.J. Adams and C. Rowland Model Aquatic Ecosystems in … Introduction, D.J. Hoffman, B.A. Rattner, G.A. Burton, Jr., and J. Cairns, Jr. QUANTIFYING AND MEASURING ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS Aquatic Toxicology Test Methods, W.J. Adams and C. Rowland Model Aquatic Ecosystems in Ecotoxicological Research: Considerations of Design, Implementation, and Analysis, J.H. Kennedy, T.W. La Point, P. Balci, J.Stanley, and Z.B. Johnson Wildlife Toxicity Testing, D.J. Hoffman Sediment Toxicity Testing: Issues and Methods, G.A. Burton, Jr., D.L. Denton, K. Ho, and D.S. Ireland Toxicological Significance of Soil Ingestion by Wild and Domestic Animals, W.N. Beyer, and G.F. Fries Wildlife and the Remediation of Contaminated Soils: Extending the Analysis of Ecological Risks to Habitat Restoration, G. Linder, G. Henderson, and E. Ingham Phytotoxicity, S.J. Klaine, M.A. Lewis and S.L. Knuteson Landscape Ecotoxicology, K. Holl and J. Cairns, Jr. Using Biomonitoring Data for Stewardship of Natural Resources, R.P. Breckenridge and T.M. Bartish Bioindicators of Contaminant Exposure and Effect in Aquatic and Terrestrial Monitoring, M. J. Melancon CONTAMINANT SOURCES AND EFFECTS Wildlife Toxicology of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides, E.F. Hill Organochlorine Pesticides, L.J. Blus Petroleum and Individual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, P.H. Albers Lead in the Environment, O.H. Pattee and D.J. Pain Ecotoxicology of Mercury, J.G. Wiener, D.P. Krabbenhoft, G.H. Heinz, and A.M. Scheuhammer Ecotoxicology of Selenium, H.M. Ohlendorf Sources, Pathways and Effects of PCBs, Dioxins, and Dibenzofurans, C. P. Rice, P. O'Keefe, and T. Kubiak Receiving Water Impacts Associated with Urban Wet Weather Flows, R.E. Pitt Nuclear and Thermal, L. Meyers-Schone and S.S. Talmage Global Effects of Deforestation, R.A. Houghton Pathogens and Disease, F.A. Leighton Environmental Factors Affecting Contaminant Toxicity in Aquatic and Terrestrial Vertebrates, B.A. Rattner and A.G. Heath CASE HISTORIES AND ECOSYSTEM SURVEYS The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Reactor Accident: Ecotoxicological Update, R. Eisler Pesticides and International Migratory Bird Conservation, M.J. Hooper, P. Mineau, B. Woodbridge, and M.E. Zaccagnini Effects of Mining Lead on Birds: A Case History at Coeur d'Alene Basin, Idaho, C.J. Henny White Phosphorus at Eagle River Flats, Alaska: A Case History of Waterfowl Mortality, D.W. Sparling A Mining Impacted Stream: Exposure and Effects of Lead and Other Trace Elements on Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) Nesting in the Upper Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, C.M. Custer, T.W. Custer, A.S. Archuleta, L.C. Coppock, C.D. Swartz, and J.W. Bickham The Hudson River - PCB Case Study, J.P. McCarty Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for Aquatic, Wetland, and Terrestrial Habitats along Clark Fork River, Montana, G. Linder, D.F. Woodard, and G. Pascoe METHODS FOR MAKING ESTIMATES, PREDICTABILITY, AND RISK ASSESMENT IN ECOTOXICOLOGY Global Disposition of Contaminants, R.M. Harrison, S. Harrad, and J. Lead Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration in Aquatic Organisms, M.G. Barron Structure Activity Relationships for Predicting Ecological Effects of Chemicals, J.D. Walker and T.W. Schultz Predictive Ecotoxicology, J. Cairns, Jr. and B.R. Niederlehner Population Modeling, J.R. Sauer and G.W. Pendleton Ecological Risk Assessment: U.S. EPA's Current Guidelines and Future Directions, S.B. Norton, W. van der Schalie, A. Sergeant, L. Blake-Hedges, R. Wentsel, V. Serveiss, S.M. Marcy, P. Cirone, D. Rodier, R. Orr, and S. Wharton Ecological Risk Assessment Example: Waterfowl and Shorebirds Feeding in Ephemeral Pools at Kesterson Resevoir, California, E.R. Byron, H.M. Ohlendorf, G.M. Santolo, S.M. Benson, P.T. Zawislanski, T.K. Tokunaga, and M. Delamore Restoration Ecology and Ecotoxicology, J. Cairns, Jr. SPECIAL ISSUES IN ECOTOXICOLOGY Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Endocrine Active Agents, T.S. Gross, B.S. Arnold, M.S. Sepulveda and K. McDonald A review of the role of contaminants in amphibian declines, D.W. Sparling Genetic Effects of Contaminant Exposure and Potential Impacts on Animal Populations, L.R. Shugart, C. Theodorakis, A.M. Bickham, and J. Bickham The Role of Ecotoxicology in Industrial Ecology and Natural Capitalism, J. Cairns Jr. Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Farmland Wildlife, N.W. Sotherton and J. Holland Trace Element and Nutrition Interactions in Fish and Wildlife, S.J. Hamilton and D.J. Hoffman Animal Species Endangerment: The Role of Environmental Pollution, O.H. Pattee, V.L.Wegner, and D.L. Bounds INDEX

Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination

2018-01-18

John F. McCarthy , Lee R. Shugart

This is a review of the use of biological markers in animals and plants for evaluating the ecological and health effects of environmental contamination. Biomarkers can be used as indicators … This is a review of the use of biological markers in animals and plants for evaluating the ecological and health effects of environmental contamination. Biomarkers can be used as indicators of exposure to toxic chemicals and as predictors of the adverse consequences of such exposure.

The Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide, Superoxide Radical, and Hydroxyl Radical by 6-Hydroxydopamine, Dialuric Acid, and Related Cytotoxic Agents

1974-04-01

Gerald Cohen , Richard E. Heikkila , With the technical assistance of Dana MacNamee

Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical were all formed during the autoxidation of four cytotoxic agents, namely, 6-hydroxydopamine, 6-aminodopamine, 6,7-dihydroxytryptamine, and dialuric acid. Ascorbic acid and 5-hydroxydopamine, two autoxidizable … Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical were all formed during the autoxidation of four cytotoxic agents, namely, 6-hydroxydopamine, 6-aminodopamine, 6,7-dihydroxytryptamine, and dialuric acid. Ascorbic acid and 5-hydroxydopamine, two autoxidizable agents of biological interest but without similar cytotoxic actions, were used as negative controls. The results tend to implicate O2- and ·OH, as well as H2O2, in the molecular mechanisms for cytotoxicity. Production of H2O2 was measured with an oxygen electrode. Accumulation of H2O2 was apparent from the return to solution of approximately one-half of the consumed oxygen after the addition of catalase. Superoxide radicals were detected by reduction of cytochrome c, with inhibition by superoxide dismutase. Although O2- radicals were observed previously by other means during the autoxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine, there was no clear effect in the cytochrome c system. This may have been due, in part, to a previously described scavenging of O2- by 6-hydroxydopamine itself. Hydroxyl radicals were detected by reaction with β-methylthiopropionaldehyde to form ethylene. Catalase or superoxide dismutase inhibited ethylene production. These results point to a reaction between H2O2 and O2- (Haber-Weiss reaction) as a major source of the ·OH radicals. Ethylene production was inhibited by known ·OH trappers, such as benzoate and ethanol, and by a variety of other agents. Catechol and the catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine, were very potent inhibitors of ethylene production. The effectiveness of these agents may have been due to a combined action of blocking ·OH formation as well as accelerating its removal. Superoxide dismutase had a biphasic effect in the 6-hydroxydopamine system, inhibitory at early times but causing increased accumulation of ethylene at later times. An explanation for this latter phenomenon may be based on a reaction between O2- and ·OH, as described by other investigators.

Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease

1984-04-01

Barry Halliwell , John M.C. Gutteridge

Research Article| April 01 1984 Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease B Halliwell; B Halliwell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar … Research Article| April 01 1984 Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease B Halliwell; B Halliwell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J M C Gutteridge J M C Gutteridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1984) 219 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2190001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B Halliwell, J M C Gutteridge; Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J 1 April 1984; 219 (1): 1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2190001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 London: The Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

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Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Gill injury, oxidative stress, and other physiological effects

2007-07-26

Giorgio Federici , Benjamin J. Shaw , Richard D. Handy

A simple spectrophotometric method for metallothionein evaluation in marine organisms: an application to Mediterranean and Antarctic molluscs

1997-07-01

A. Viarengo , Enrica Ponzano , F. Dondero +1 more

Role of metals in oxygen radical reactions

1985-01-01

Steven D. Aust , Lee A. Morehouse , Craig E. Thomas

Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals

2010-10-26

Volodymyr I. Lushchak

Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organisms

2013-07-25

Francesco Regoli , Maria Giuliani

The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen

1972-01-01

Morimitsu Nishikimi , N. Appaji Rao , Kunio Yagi

How super is superoxide?

1981-12-01

Donald T. Sawyer , Joan Selverstone Valentine

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHow super is superoxide?Donald T. Sawyer and Joan S. ValentineCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 12, 393–400Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHow super is superoxide?Donald T. Sawyer and Joan S. ValentineCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 12, 393–400Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00072a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00072a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5692Altmetric-Citations1156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment

2009-12-23

Gerald T. Ankley , Richard S. Bennett , Russell J. Erickson +7 more

Abstract Ecological risk assessors face increasing demands to assess more chemicals, with greater speed and accuracy, and to do so using fewer resources and experimental animals. New approaches in biological … Abstract Ecological risk assessors face increasing demands to assess more chemicals, with greater speed and accuracy, and to do so using fewer resources and experimental animals. New approaches in biological and computational sciences may be able to generate mechanistic information that could help in meeting these challenges. However, to use mechanistic data to support chemical assessments, there is a need for effective translation of this information into endpoints meaningful to ecological risk—effects on survival, development, and reproduction in individual organisms and, by extension, impacts on populations. Here we discuss a framework designed for this purpose, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP is a conceptual construct that portrays existing knowledge concerning the linkage between a direct molecular initiating event and an adverse outcome at a biological level of organization relevant to risk assessment. The practical utility of AOPs for ecological risk assessment of chemicals is illustrated using five case examples. The examples demonstrate how the AOP concept can focus toxicity testing in terms of species and endpoint selection, enhance across‐chemical extrapolation, and support prediction of mixture effects. The examples also show how AOPs facilitate use of molecular or biochemical endpoints (sometimes referred to as biomarkers) for forecasting chemical impacts on individuals and populations. In the concluding sections of the paper, we discuss how AOPs can help to guide research that supports chemical risk assessments and advocate for the incorporation of this approach into a broader systems biology framework. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:730–741. © 2009 SETAC

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Estimation of hydrogen peroxide in plant extracts using titanium(IV)

1984-06-01

Brian D. Patterson , Elspeth MacRae , Ian B. Ferguson

The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species

2002-11-04

Mustafa Canlı , Gülüzar Atli

A semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphate in sediments

1976-01-01

K. I. Aspila , Haig Agemian , Alfred S Y Chau

A simple, rapid and semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphorus in lake and river sediments is described. Total phosphorus is extracted from sediments with 1 … A simple, rapid and semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphorus in lake and river sediments is described. Total phosphorus is extracted from sediments with 1 N hydrochloric acid after ignition at a high temperature (550 °C) or by digestion with sulphuric acid-potassium persulphate at 135 °C in a sealed PTFE-lined Parr bomb. Organic phosphorus is determined by the difference in phosphorus content of the 1 N hydrochloric acid extract measured before and after ignition of the dry sediments at 550 °C. In all instances the orthophosphate is determined by using standard Technicon AutoAnalyzer II techniques. The interferences caused by silica and variable acid concentrations on the determination of phosphorus have been studied. Freedom from interferences under the chosen experimental conditions as well as the good results obtained for recovery and precision indicate that the methods are suitable for monitoring inorganic, organic and total phosphorus in sediments.

Contaminant-stimulated Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Oxidative Damage in Aquatic Organisms

2001-08-01

D.R. Livingstone

Integrated biomarker response: A useful tool for ecological risk assessment

2002-06-01

Benoı̂t Beliaeff , Thierry Burgeot

A battery of biomarkers is often used to evaluate the effects of exposure to chemical contaminants and detect responses to environmental stress. Unfortunately, field application of biomarkers is subject to … A battery of biomarkers is often used to evaluate the effects of exposure to chemical contaminants and detect responses to environmental stress. Unfortunately, field application of biomarkers is subject to various constraints (e.g., the availability of living material) that can limit data acquisition and prevent the use of multivariate methods during statistical analysis. In these circumstances, a simple method is needed to summarize biomarker responses and simplify their interpretation in biomonitoring programs. The present study used star plots to display results for the panel of biomarkers used for each station and survey. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) was then computed as the star plot area. Star plots using IBR values instead of biomarker data make it possible to visualize between-site and/or between-survey differences for comparison with exposure conditions. This approach was applied to sites in the Baltic Sea and the Seine Estuary, English Channel. In both cases, IBR values were visually compared to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) or polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) levels measured in mussel or fish tissues. The IBR, as an indicator of environmental stress, appears to be a useful tool for scientists and managers in assessing ecological risk.

Antioxidant Defenses in Fish: Biotic and Abiotic Factors

2005-02-01

Rosa Martínez-Álvarez , Amalia E. Morales , Ana Sanz

Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review

2002-12-10

Ron van der Oost , Jonny Beyer , Nico Vermeulen

The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula: a practical approach

2000-03-01

Miren P. Cajaraville , Maria João Bebianno , Julián Blasco +3 more

Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants

2005-04-27

Athanasios Valavanidis , Thomais Vlahogianni , Manos Dassenakis +1 more

Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms

1991-04-01

Gary W. Winston , Richard T. Di Giulio

Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2004-03-14

John P. Incardona , Tracy K. Collier , Nathaniel L. Scholz

In vitro cytotoxicity assays: Comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride

2005-08-19

George Fotakis , John A. Timbrell

Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituents

1982-05-01

Brian F. Meyer , N. R. Ferrigni , J. E. Putnam +3 more

A method, utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach), is proposed as a simple bioassay for natural product research. The procedure determines LC (50) values in microg/ml of active compounds and … A method, utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach), is proposed as a simple bioassay for natural product research. The procedure determines LC (50) values in microg/ml of active compounds and extracts in the brine medium. Activities of a broad range of known active compounds are manifested as toxicity to the shrimp. Screening results with seed extracts of 41 species of Euphorbiaceae were compared with 9KB and 9PS cytotoxicities. The method is rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and convenient as an in-house general bioassay tool.

Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology: Effects, Environmental Fate, and Risk Assessment

1996-10-01

Kevin N. Baer

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Development and Evaluation of Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for Freshwater Ecosystems

2000-06-30

Donald D. MacDonald , Christopher G. Ingersoll , Tobias Berger

Water Pollution and Fish Physiology

1988-05-18

James N. Cameron , Alan G. Heath

Some Introductory Concepts Types of Water Pollution The Relationship Between Aquatic Toxicology and Fish Physiology Levels of Biological Organization Importance of Dose and Duration of Exposure Stress Toxic Mode of … Some Introductory Concepts Types of Water Pollution The Relationship Between Aquatic Toxicology and Fish Physiology Levels of Biological Organization Importance of Dose and Duration of Exposure Stress Toxic Mode of Action Environmental Hypoxia Minimum Levels of Oxygen Required for Fish Life Interaction of Hypoxia and Toxicity of Pollutant Chemicals Gill vs. Cutaneous Respiration Adjustments in Ventilation Adjustments by the Gills to Hypoxia Transport of Oxygen by the Blood Cardiovascular Changes During Hypoxia Respiratory Regulation and Conformity Anaerobic Metabolism Swimming Speed Behavior Blood and Urine Histopathology Acclimation to Hypoxia Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses Overview of Normal Respiratory Physiology Histopathology of Gill Lamellae Exposed to Pollutants Ventilation Changes in Response to Pollutants Physiological Mechanisms of Changes in Ventilation Circulatory Physiology Cardiac Responses to Pollutants Hematology Fish Blood Cells and their Measurement Chemicals that Cause Anemia Chemicals Causing an Increase in Hematological Variables Uptake, Accumulation, Biotransformation, and Excretion of Xenobiotics Uptake from the Environment Transport Within the Fish of Metals and Organics Accumulation of Metals in Different Organs Regulation of Metal Concentration Glutathione and Metal Detoxification Involvement of Metallothionein in Metal Accumulation and Acclimation to Metals Bioconcentration of Organic Pollutants Biotransformation of Organic Contaminants Excretion of Organic Contaminants Liver Structure of Liver Alterations of Liver/Somatic Index Histopathological Effects of Pollutants Major Functions of Liver Effects of Pollutants on Liver Function Ascorbic Acid and Pollutant Exposure Osmotic and Ionic Regulation Effects of Pollutants on Osmotic and Ionic Regulation Mucus Chloride Cell Proliferation Some Summary Comments Regarding Osmoregulatory and Electrolyte Alterations Physiological Energetics General Concepts Methods for Measuring Energy Expenditure in Fish Effects of Metals on Metabolic Rate Gill Tissue Metabolism: Effects of Metals and Possible Relation of Gill Metabolism to Whole-Body Metabolic Rate Effects of Pesticides on Whole-Body and Individual Tissue Respiration Methods Applicable to Measurement of Energy Expenditure in the Field Effects of Pollutants on Larval and Juvenile Growth Swimming Performance Changes in Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Energy Stores Alterations in Cellular Enzyme Activity, Antioxidants, Adenylates, and Stress Proteins Some Comments About Enzyme Methodology Alterations in Cellular Enzyme Activity from Metal Exposure Enzyme Effects from Organic Chemicals Concluding Remarks on Enzyme Effects Antioxidants Adenylates Stress Proteins Acid Pollution Spawning Embryonic Development and Hatching Larvae from Hatching Through Swim-Up Juvenile and Adult: Acid-Base Balance and Electrolyte Changes from Acute Exposures Juvenile and Adult: Blood Changes from Chronic Exposures Hormonal Responses Adults: Ventilation and Blood Gases Oxygen Consumption, Swimming Performance, and Swimbladder Inflation Behavior Concluding Comment The Immune System Effects of Pollutants on Immune Function Hormonal Modulation of Immune Response Behavior and Nervous System Function Locomotor Activity Avoidance of or Attractance to Waterborne Chemicals Sensory Receptors Feeding and Predator-Prey Behavior Aggression Learning Optomotor Response Acetylcholinesterase Concluding Comments Reproduction Overview of Fish Reproductive Physiology Action of Pollutants on Reproductive Function Use of Physiological and Biochemical Measures in Pollution Biology Water Quality Criteria Biomonitoring of Fish in the Field and Mesocosms Early Warning Systems Index Each chapter includes an introduction and/or overview and a list of relevant references.

Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase

1974-09-01

Stefan L. Marklund , Gudrun MARKLUND

The autoxidation of pyrogallol was investigated in the presence of EDTA in the pH range 7.9–10.6. The rate of autoxidation increases with increasing pH. At pH 7.9 the reaction is … The autoxidation of pyrogallol was investigated in the presence of EDTA in the pH range 7.9–10.6. The rate of autoxidation increases with increasing pH. At pH 7.9 the reaction is inhibited to 99% by superoxide dismutase, indicating an almost total dependence on the participation of the superoxide anion radical, O 2 · − , in the reaction. Up to pH 9.1 the reaction is still inhibited to over 90% by superoxide dismutase, but at higher alkalinity, O 2 · − ‐independent mechanisms rapidly become dominant. Catalase has no effect on the autoxidation but decreases the oxygen consumption by half, showing that H 2 O 2 is the stable product of oxygen and that H 2 O 2 is not involved in the autoxidation mechanism. A simple and rapid method for the assay of superoxide dismutase is described, based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol. A plausible explanation is given for the non‐competitive part of the inhibition of catechol O ‐methyltransferase brought about by pyrogallol.

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Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury

1985-01-17

Franklin H. Epstein , Joe M. McCord

ISCHEMIA-induced pathologic processes are responsible for the single greatest cause of death in this country — heart disease; cerebral ischemia also makes a major contribution to our nation's morbidity and … ISCHEMIA-induced pathologic processes are responsible for the single greatest cause of death in this country — heart disease; cerebral ischemia also makes a major contribution to our nation's morbidity and mortality. A relatively subtle indicator of ischemic injury to a tissue is enhanced capillary permeability, which results in edema formation. More pronounced damage may be manifested as leakage of cytosolic enzymes into the circulation or as microscopic or gross morphologic changes and tissue destruction. Recent evidence suggests that oxygen-derived free radicals may be abundantly produced in ischemic tissues, accounting for at least part of the damage that results.What exactly . . .

The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity

2004-05-08

Graham R. Scott , Katherine A. Sloman

Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels

1971-11-01

Charles Beauchamp , Irwin Fridovich

Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution

1999-01-01

Daniel Bernet , Heike Schmidt , W Meier +2 more

Water pollution induces pathological changes in fish. As an indicator of exposure to contaminants, histology represents a useful tool to assess the degree of pollution, particularly for sub‐lethal and chronic … Water pollution induces pathological changes in fish. As an indicator of exposure to contaminants, histology represents a useful tool to assess the degree of pollution, particularly for sub‐lethal and chronic effects. However, a standardized method for the description and assessment of histological changes, mainly for use in freshwater fish, is still lacking. In this paper, the present authors propose a standardized tool for the assessment of histological findings which can be applied to different organs. The methodology is based on two factors: (1) the extension of a pathological change is rated with a ‘score value’; and (2) the pathological importance of this alteration is defined as an ‘importance factor’. The sum of the multiplied score values and importance factors of all diagnosed changes results in different indices. With these indices, statistical analysis can be carried out. Assessment methods for the gills, liver, kidney and skin are described.

Biological Defense Mechanisms. THE PRODUCTION BY LEUKOCYTES OF SUPEROXIDE, A POTENTIAL BACTERICIDAL AGENT

1973-03-01

Bernard Babior , Ruby S. Kipnes , John T. Curnutte

As a highly reactive substance produced in biological systems by the one-electron reduction of oxygen, superoxide (O(2) (-)) seemed a likely candidate as a bactericidal agent in leukocytes. The reduction … As a highly reactive substance produced in biological systems by the one-electron reduction of oxygen, superoxide (O(2) (-)) seemed a likely candidate as a bactericidal agent in leukocytes. The reduction of cytochrome c, a process in which O(2) (-) may serve as an electron donor, was found to occur when the cytochrome was incubated with leukocytes. O(2) (-) was identified as the agent responsible for the leukocyte-mediated reduction of cytochrome c by the demonstration that the reaction was abolished by superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that destroys O(2) (-), but not by boiled dismutase, albumin, or catalase. Leukocyte O(2) (-) production doubled in the presence of latex particles. The average rate of formation of O(2) (-) in the presence of these particles was 1.03 nmol/10(7) cells per 15 min. This rate, however, is only a lower limit of the true rate of O(2) (-) production, since any O(2) (-) which reacted with constituents other than cytochrome c would have gone undetected. Thus. O(2) (-) is made by leukocytes under circumstances which suggest that it may be involved in bacterial killing.

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Fish Gill Structural Changes Induced by Toxicants and Other Irritants: A Statistical Review

1985-04-01

Jon Mallatt

Here I quantitatively review the literature on how fish gill morphology is affected by chemical and physical irritants in the surrounding water (e.g. various toxicants, extremes of temperature or pH). … Here I quantitatively review the literature on how fish gill morphology is affected by chemical and physical irritants in the surrounding water (e.g. various toxicants, extremes of temperature or pH). I catalogued histopathological gill lesions that were reported, and used statistics to explore how such lesions relate to the irritant-exposure conditions under which they occurred (specifically, to dose and class of irritant, to temperature, and to salinity of the surrounding water). Frequently recorded histopathologic lesions include changes in gill epithelium (lifting, necrosis, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, rupture), bulbing or fusing of gill lamellae, hypersecretion and proliferation of mucocytes, and changes in chloride cells and gill vasculature. I conclude that these lesions are largely nonspecific in nature, as each was detected under many different exposure conditions. The lesions are not entirely independent of exposure conditions, however, as my statistical analysis discerns these trends: (1) Most gill lesion types have been reported more frequently after lethal than after sublethal exposure to irritants. (2) Some lesions were more frequently detected in studies employing heavy metals than in studies using organic toxicants or other irritants; such lesions include necrosis and hypertrophy of gill epithelial cells, plus mucous hypersecretion. (3) Lifting of the branchial epithelium, the most commonly reported lesion, was reported more often in freshwater than in marine fish, suggesting that osmolarity of the ambient water influences this lesion. Little relation was found between recorded lesion frequencies and temperature. Following my statistical analysis, the etiology of irritant-induced gill lesions is considered. The nonspecificity of branchial alterations suggests that they primarily represent stereotyped physiological reactions of gills to stress, and many of them are logically considered defense responses. Some branchial alterations have been considered inflammatory, but I conclude that the literature cannot support that hypothesis. Ultrastructural studies have detected irritant-induced disruptions of branchial epithelial cells, including cytoplasmic vacuolization, autophagosomes and inclusions, loss of microvilli, and abnormal mitochondria and nuclei.

HEAVY METAL–INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALGAE1

2003-11-24

Ernani Pinto , Teresa Cristina Siqueira Sigaud-Kutner , Maria A. S. Leitão +3 more

Heavy metals, depending on their oxidation states, can be highly reactive and, as a consequence, toxic to most organisms. They are produced by an expanding variety of anthropogenic sources suggesting … Heavy metals, depending on their oxidation states, can be highly reactive and, as a consequence, toxic to most organisms. They are produced by an expanding variety of anthropogenic sources suggesting an increasingly important role for this form of pollution. The toxic effect of heavy metals appears to be related to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting unbalanced cellular redox status. Algae respond to heavy metals by induction of several antioxidants, including diverse enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds such as carotenoids and glutathione. At high, or acute, levels of metal pollutants, damage to algal cells occurs because ROS levels exceed the capacity of the cell to cope. At lower, or chronic, levels algae accumulate heavy metals and can pass them on to organisms of other trophic levels such as mollusks, crustaceans, and fishes. We review here the evidence linking metal accumulation, cellular toxicity, and the generation of ROS in aquatic environments.

Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

2005-04-29

Marián Valko , Harry Morris , Mark T.D. Cronin

Metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, with an emphasis on the generation and role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is reviewed. Metal-mediated formation of free radicals causes various modifications to DNA … Metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, with an emphasis on the generation and role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is reviewed. Metal-mediated formation of free radicals causes various modifications to DNA bases, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and altered calcium and sulfhydryl homeostasis. Lipid peroxides, formed by the attack of radicals on polyunsaturated fatty acid residues of phospholipids, can further react with redox metals finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and other exocyclic DNA adducts (etheno and/or propano adducts). Whilst iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V) and cobalt (Co) undergo redox-cycling reactions, for a second group of metals, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), the primary route for their toxicity is depletion of glutathione and bonding to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Arsenic (As) is thought to bind directly to critical thiols, however, other mechanisms, involving formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions, have been proposed. The unifying factor in determining toxicity and carcinogenicity for all these metals is the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Common mechanisms involving the Fenton reaction, generation of the superoxide radical and the hydroxyl radical appear to be involved for iron, copper, chromium, vanadium and cobalt primarily associated with mitochondria, microsomes and peroxisomes. However, a recent discovery that the upper limit of "free pools" of copper is far less than a single atom per cell casts serious doubt on the in vivo role of copper in Fenton-like generation of free radicals. Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be involved in arsenite-induced DNA damage and pyrimidine excision inhibition. Various studies have confirmed that metals activate signalling pathways and the carcinogenic effect of metals has been related to activation of mainly redoxsensitive transcription factors, involving NF-kappaB, AP-1 and p53. Antioxidants (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) provide protection against deleterious metal-mediated free radical attacks. Vitamin E and melatonin can prevent the majority of metal-mediated (iron, copper, cadmium) damage both in vitro systems and in metalloaded animals. Toxicity studies involving chromium have shown that the protective effect of vitamin E against lipid peroxidation may be associated rather with the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants than the activity of enzymatic antioxidants. However, a very recent epidemiological study has shown that a daily intake of vitamin E of more than 400 IU increases the risk of death and should be avoided. While previous studies have proposed a deleterious pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C (ascorbate) in the presence of iron (or copper), recent results have shown that even in the presence of redox-active iron (or copper) and hydrogen peroxide, ascorbate acts as an antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation and does not promote protein oxidation in humans in vitro. Experimental results have also shown a link between vanadium and oxidative stress in the etiology of diabetes. The impact of zinc (Zn) on the immune system, the ability of zinc to act as an antioxidant in order to reduce oxidative stress and the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative role of zinc (and copper) in the etiology of Alzheimers disease is also discussed. This review summarizes recent findings in the metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in the carcinogenicity and toxicity of metals. Keywords: metals, fenton chemistry, toxicity, free radicals, antioxidants, redox cycling, cell signalling, nfkappab

Oxygen-derived free radicals stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in rodent bone in vitro and in vivo.

1990-03-01

I. Ross Garrett , Brendan F. Boyce , Richard O. C. Oreffo +3 more

The mechanisms by which bone resorbing osteoclasts form and are activated by hormones are poorly understood. We show here that the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals in cultured bone is … The mechanisms by which bone resorbing osteoclasts form and are activated by hormones are poorly understood. We show here that the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals in cultured bone is associated with the formation of new osteoclasts and enhanced bone resorption, identical to the effects seen when bones are treated with hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interleukin 1 (IL-1). When free oxygen radicals were generated adjacent to bone surfaces in vivo, osteoclasts were also formed. PTH and IL-1-stimulated bone resorption was inhibited by both natural and recombinant superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that depletes tissues of superoxide anions. We used the marker nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to identify the cells that were responsible for free radical production in resorbing bones. NBT staining was detected only in osteoclasts in cultures of resorbing bones. NBT staining in osteoclasts was decreased in bones coincubated with calcitonin, an inhibitor of bone resorption. We also found that isolated avian osteoclasts stained positively for NBT. NBT staining in isolated osteoclasts was increased when the cells were incubated with bone particles, to which they attach. We confirmed the formation of superoxide anion in isolated avian osteoclasts using ferricytochrome c reduction as a method of detection. The reduction of ferricytochrome c in isolated osteoclasts was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Our results suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals, and particularly the superoxide anion, are intermediaries in the formation and activation of osteoclasts.

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An Enzyme-Based Theory of Obligate Anaerobiosis: The Physiological Function of Superoxide Dismutase

1971-05-01

Joe M. McCord , Bernard B. Keele , Irwin Fridovich

The distribution of catalase and superoxide dismutase has been examined in various micro-organisms. Strict anaerobes exhibited no superoxide dismutase and, generally, no catalase activity. All aerobic organisms containing cytochrome systems … The distribution of catalase and superoxide dismutase has been examined in various micro-organisms. Strict anaerobes exhibited no superoxide dismutase and, generally, no catalase activity. All aerobic organisms containing cytochrome systems were found to contain both superoxide dismutase and catalase. Aerotolerant anaerobes, which survive exposure to air and metabolize oxygen to a limited extent but do not contain cytochrome systems, were found to be devoid of catalase activity but did exhibit superoxide dismutase activity. This distribution is consistent with the proposal that the prime physiological function of superoxide dismutase is protection of oxygen-metabolizing organisms against the potentially detrimental effects of the superoxide free radical, a biologically produced intermediate resulting from the univalent reduction of molecular oxygen.

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Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments

1995-01-01

Edward R. Long , Donald D. MacDonald , Sherri L. Smith +1 more

Toxicological effects of malachite green

2003-12-09

Shivaji Srivastava , Ranjana Sinha , Dayalanand Roy

Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters

1996-08-01

Donald D. MacDonald , R. Scott Carr , Fred D. Calder +2 more

Biomonitoring: An appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem

2007-11-20

Qunfang Zhou , Jianbin Zhang , Jianjie Fu +2 more

A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment

2016-03-11

Xiangyang Wu , Samuel Jerry Cobbina , Guanghua Mao +3 more

CRC handbook of methods for oxygen radical research

1985-01-01

B.B. Bogomolets

The biological control of chemical factors in the environment

1958-01-01

Redfield Ac

Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology

2001-12-20

Leo Posthuma , Glenn W. Suter , Theo P. Traas

General Introduction to Species Sensitivity Distributions, L. Posthuma, T.P. Traas, and G.W. Suter II North American History of Species Sensitivity Distributions, G. W. Suter II European History of Species Sensitivity … General Introduction to Species Sensitivity Distributions, L. Posthuma, T.P. Traas, and G.W. Suter II North American History of Species Sensitivity Distributions, G. W. Suter II European History of Species Sensitivity Distributions, N. M. van Straalen, K. J. van Leeuwen Theory of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity Distributions, Nico M. van Straalen Normal Species Sensitivity Distributions and Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment, T. Aldenberg, J. S. Jaworska, and T. P. Traas Extrapolation Factors for Tiny Toxicity Data Sets from Species Sensitivity Distributions with Known Standard Deviation, T. Aldenberg and R. Luttik Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecological Risk Assessment: Distributional Assumptions, Alternate Bootstrap Techniques, and Estimation of Adequate Number of Species, M. C. Newman, D. R. Ownby, L. C.A. Mezin, D. C. Powell, T. R.L. Christensen, S. B. Lerberg, B.-A. Anderson, and T. V. Padma Observed Regularities in SSDs for Aquatic Species, D. de Zwart The Value of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Concept for Predicting Field Effects: (Non-)Confirmation of the Concept Using Semi-Field Experiments, P. J. Van den Brink, T. C.M. Brock and L. Posthuma Effects Assessment of Fabric Softeners: The DHTDMAC-Case, K. J. van Leeuwen, J. Jaworska of Species Sensitivity Distributions in the Derivation of Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic life by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, C. E. Stephan Environmental Risk Limits in the Netherlands, D. T.H.M. Sijm, A. P. van Wezel, and T. Crommentuijn A Rank-Based Approach to Deriving Canadian Soil and Sediment Quality Guidelines, C. Gaudet, D. Bright, K. Adare, and K. Potter Ecotoxicological Soil Quality Criteria in Denmark, J. J. Scott-Fordsmand, and J. Jensen Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using Species Sensitivity Distributions, K.R. Solomon and P. Takacs The Potentially Affected Fraction as a Measure of Ecological Risk, T. P. Traas, D. Van de Meent, L. Posthuma, T. H.M. Hamers, B. J. Kater, D. de Zwart, and T. Aldenberg Methodology for Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment, W. J. Warren-Hicks, B. R. Parkhurst, and J. B. Butcher Toxicity-Based Assessment of Water Quality, D. de Zwart and A. Sterkenburg Mapping Risks of Heavy Metals to Birds and Mammals Using Species Sensitivity Distributions, T. P. Traas, R. Luttik, and H. Mensink Ecotoxicological Impacts in Life Cycle Assessment, M. Huijbregts, D. van de Meent, M. Goedkoop, and R. Spriensma Issues and Practices in the Derivation and of Species Sensitivity Distributions, G. W. Suter II, T. P. Traas, and L. Posthuma Conceptual and Technical Outlook on Species Sensitivity Distributions, L. Posthuma, T. P. Traas, D. de Zwart, and G. W. Suter II Appendix A: The Interactive Poster Session Use of Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology, T. H.M. Hamers, T. P. Traas, and L. Posthuma Appendix B: List of programs References Glossary Acronyms Subject Index

Hexavalent chromium induced bioaccumulation, oxidative responses and histological anomalies in freshwater carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

2025-06-24

Archisman Ray , Debashri Mondal , Debapriyo Mukherjee +1 more | BioMetals

Effects of purslane on hematology, Aeromonas hydrophila resistance, and NF-κB-LC3 pathway in Nile tilapia under waterborne cadmium

2025-06-24

Nawal Alsubaie , Yasmina M. Abd‐Elhakim , Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed +7 more | Aquaculture International

Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Snail Cornu aspersum

2025-06-24

Davide Gualandris , Francesco Dondero , Alberico Franzin +4 more | Environments

The progressive commercial deployment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) raises concerns about their terrestrial ecotoxicity. We exposed adult Cornu aspersum (150 snails; five replicates of three animals per time-point) to … The progressive commercial deployment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) raises concerns about their terrestrial ecotoxicity. We exposed adult Cornu aspersum (150 snails; five replicates of three animals per time-point) to 50 mg L−1 MWCNT-dosed Lactuca sativa for 30 days and quantified five mechanistic biomarkers alongside survival. Hemocyte spread-cell area increased by 48% (from 243 ± 22 µm2 at day 0 to 360 ± 18 µm2 at day 14, p < 0.001). Lysosomal membrane stability (neutral red retention) fell twofold within 72 h and to 10 min by day 30 (controls ≈ 60 min), indicating early, persistent destabilization. Micronucleus frequency rose above the ecogenotoxic threshold of 5‰ after 7 days, peaking at 8.3 ± 0.7‰ on day 14 (p < 0.01). Hepatopancreas metallothionein concentrations doubled by day 3 (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 µg g−1 ww in controls) and remained >150% of control throughout exposure, consistent with metal impurity mobilization. Acetylcholinesterase activity in cephalic tissue declined by 50% after 7 days and by 73% after 30 days, revealing sustained neurotoxicity. Despite these pronounced sub-individual disturbances, cumulative mortality reached only 19% at day 30, suggesting substantial, but finite, physiological compensation. Collectively, the data demonstrate that a 50 mg L−1 dietary load of MWCNTs elicits rapid cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic responses in C. aspersum that precede overt lethality, underscoring the utility of this gastropod and the chosen biomarker suite for monitoring nanotube contamination in agro-ecosystems and food-grade snail farming.

Effects of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury on the physiological state of freshwater fish family Cyprinidae: a systematic review

2025-06-24

Anton Kováčik , Marek Helczman | Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

Metabolic Disruptions in Zebrafish Induced by α-Cypermethrin: A Targeted Metabolomics Study

2025-06-24

Hang‐Ji Ok , Ji-Woo Yu , Jung‐Hoon Lee +7 more | Toxics

The widespread application of pesticides in agriculture has raised increasing concerns regarding their ecological impact, particularly in aquatic environments. Among these, α-cypermethrin, a highly active isomeric form of cypermethrin, has … The widespread application of pesticides in agriculture has raised increasing concerns regarding their ecological impact, particularly in aquatic environments. Among these, α-cypermethrin, a highly active isomeric form of cypermethrin, has been extensively used due to its potent insecticidal efficacy and low mammalian toxicity. However, its toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms remains insufficiently understood at the metabolic level. In this study, a targeted metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the biochemical effects of α-cypermethrin in adult zebrafish. Acute toxicity was first determined to establish sublethal exposure concentrations (0.15 µg/L and 1.5 µg/L), followed by a 48 h exposure under a controlled flow-through system. GC-MS/MS-based analysis quantified 395 metabolites, and multivariate statistical models (principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)) revealed clear dose-dependent metabolic alterations at two time points. Pathway analysis identified disruptions in glycolysis, glycerolipid metabolism, amino acid turnover, and glutathione pathways. Notably, glutamate depletion and associated reductions in GABA (4-Aminobutanoate) and TCA (Tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediates suggest oxidative stress-induced metabolic bottlenecks. These results provide mechanistic insights into α-cypermethrin-induced toxicity and demonstrate the utility of metabolite-level biomarkers for environmental monitoring. This study contributes to a systems-level understanding of how sublethal pesticide exposure affects vertebrate metabolism, offering a basis for improved ecological risk assessment and pesticide regulation.

Воздействие La(Ш), Cu(II) и их комбинации на одноклеточную водоросль Scenedesmus quadricauda(Turp.) Breb

2025-06-23

М.А. Сысолятина , А.М. Шеромов , Anna Olkova | Himičeskaâ bezopasnostʹ.

Металлы попадают в окружающую среду совместно. Целью представленной работы была оценка воздействия La(Ш), Cu(II) и их комбинации (1:1) на одноклеточную водоросль Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb при низких концентрациях металлов в … Металлы попадают в окружающую среду совместно. Целью представленной работы была оценка воздействия La(Ш), Cu(II) и их комбинации (1:1) на одноклеточную водоросль Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb при низких концентрациях металлов в водной среде. В воду питьевого качества добавляли соли CuSO4·5H2O и La2(SO4)3·8H2O до достижения концентраций 0,000008‒0,0016 ммоль/л в расчете на ион металла или их сумму (1:1). Проводили биотестирование модельных растворов по методу учета численности клеток водорослей через 72 часа экспозиции. Действие Cu(II) имело слабый стимулирующий эффект: максимально численность клеток увеличилась в растворах с 0,0008 и 0,0016 ммоль/л металла (в 1,2 и 1,3 раза к контролю). La(III) во всем диапазоне тестируемых концентраций значительно стимулировал увеличение численности клеток водорослей (4,2‒11,1 раз). При совместном действии Cu(II) и La(III) гормезис имел среднюю степень по сравнению с эффектами металлов по отдельности (1,8‒2,9 раз к контролю). Таким образом, впервые показано, что витальные концентрации Cu(II), La(III) и их комбинаций в водной среде приводят к увеличению размножения зеленых водорослей, причем эффекты La(Ш) превышают эссенциальное действие Cu(II). Следовательно, даже незначительное поступление металлов в водные экосистемы может приводить к их эвтрофикации. Metals enter the environment together. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of La(III), Cu(II) and their combination (1:1) on the unicellular alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb at low concentrations of metals in the aquatic environment. CuSO4·5H2O and La2(SO4)3·8H2O salts were added to drinking water to achieve concentrations of 0.000008‒0.0016 mmol/l calculated per metal ion or their sum (1:1). Biotesting was carried out using the method of accounting for the number of algae cells after 72 hours of exposure. The effect of Cu(II) had a slight stimulating effect: the number of cells increased maximally in solutions with 0.0008 and 0.0016 mmol/l of metal (1.2‒1.3 relative to control). La(III) significantly stimulated increasing amount of algae cells (4.2‒11.1 times) for the entire range of tested concentrations. With the combined effect of Cu(II) and La(III), the hormesis was of medium intensity compared to the effects of the metals separately (1.8‒2.9 times of the control). Thus, it was shown for the first time that vital concentrations of Cu(II), La(III) and their combinations in the aquatic environment lead to an increase in the reproduction of green algae. The effects of La(III) exceed the essential effect of Cu(II). Consequently, even a minor influx of metals into aquatic ecosystems can lead to their eutrophication.

Discovering the effects of octylisothiazolinone: analysis of physiological changes in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

2025-06-23

Cristiana Roberta Multisanti , Federica Impellitteri , Giovanni Cannata +5 more | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Exposure to Dimefluthrin Affects the Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2025-06-22

Jinghong Huang , Bo Gao , Hao Tong +2 more | Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Ecotoxicity assays in the evaluation of molluskicidal agents from natural products in freshwater mollusks of medical importance: Lack of information and the choice of tested organisms

2025-06-21

JOÃO CLAUDIO VITORIA ATICO LEITE , José Augusto Albuquerque dos Santos , Robson Xavier Faria | Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas

Several natural products have been tested on mollusks of medical importance aiming to control these animals. Diverse scientific groups have demonstrated interest in finding new molluskicides from natural origin. In … Several natural products have been tested on mollusks of medical importance aiming to control these animals. Diverse scientific groups have demonstrated interest in finding new molluskicides from natural origin. In the literature, many promising studies have examined the molluskicidal activity of natural products on freshwater mollusks with medical importance. We used the keywords "natural products" and "molluskicidal activity" in diverse scientific databanks. A total of 301 articles were found, 25 of which were used in this letter. Most of these articles did not present ecotoxicity test reports. Some studies have reported ecotoxicity assays using nontarget organisms that do not represent freshwater ecosystems. Few articles showed ecotoxicity test reports using appropriate nontarget organisms, and only 1 presented test with more than 1 representative organism. The present work demonstrates the need to realize ecotoxicity tests using representative organisms in studies with natural products on freshwater mollusks of medical importance.

Prediction of sediment-water partition coefficients for pesticides in real river based on energy lattice points

2025-06-21

Zhoubing Huang , Zhenqin Zhao , Yu He +5 more | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Kidneys Under Siege: Pesticides Impact Renal Health in the Freshwater Fish Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)

2025-06-20

Stela Stoyanova , Еlenka Georgieva , Elena Kovacheva +6 more | Toxics

This study evaluated the histopathological impact of three commonly used pesticides—pirimiphos-methyl, propamocarb hydrochloride, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)—on the kidneys of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) after 96-h acute exposure. … This study evaluated the histopathological impact of three commonly used pesticides—pirimiphos-methyl, propamocarb hydrochloride, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)—on the kidneys of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) after 96-h acute exposure. The histopathological analysis demonstrated that all three tested pesticides induced structural changes. The histopathological changes were assessed using a semi-quantitative scoring system and categorised into circulatory, degenerative, proliferative, and inflammatory alterations. While circulatory alterations were absent in all treatments, clear and statistically significant degenerative, proliferative, and inflammatory responses were recorded, which escalated with increasing pesticide concentrations. Additionally, various statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the lesions in kidney structure and function. Before the statistical analysis, normality and variance homogeneity were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively. Due to non-normal data distribution, non-parametric methods were applied. Hence, the non-parametric statistical methods showed distinct group-level differences in the kidney damage indices. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences across treatments (p < 0.001), and Mann–Whitney U tests identified specific pairwise differences. The degenerative and proliferative lesions were most prominent in fish exposed to 2,4-D at 100 µg/L (IK = 34), followed by pirimiphos-methyl and propamocarb hydrochloride. Inflammatory changes were mainly observed in the pirimiphos-methyl groups. The histopathological lesions were concentration-dependent, with 2,4-D causing irreversible renal damage at higher concentrations. These findings highlight the nephrotoxic risks posed by common pesticides and validate that the use of histopathological indices, combined with robust non-parametric testing, provides a reliable approach to evaluating organ-specific pesticide toxicity. These biomarkers offer sensitive early warning indicators of environmental risk, reinforcing the suitability of common carp as a model species for ecotoxicological assessment.

Limitations of chemical monitoring hinder aquatic risk evaluations on the macroscale

2025-06-19

Sascha Bub , Lara L. Petschick , Sebastian Stehle +2 more | Science

Macroscale evaluations of chemical monitoring data require the integration of chemical, spatial, and temporal dimensions. Here, we linked 64 million US surface water monitoring records (1900 chemicals, date range 1958 … Macroscale evaluations of chemical monitoring data require the integration of chemical, spatial, and temporal dimensions. Here, we linked 64 million US surface water monitoring records (1900 chemicals, date range 1958 to 2019, 310,000 sites) and 37 million analytical limits and in vivo and in silico toxicity thresholds. We found that the exposure data required for retrospective risk assessment were available for less than 1% of chemicals with potential environmental concern (n ≈ 297,000). In contrast to the situation with persistent and often inorganic contaminants in the 1970s, current monitoring schemes lack control of a much larger number of organic chemicals and their degradates. Insufficient chemical and spatial coverage of monitoring, along with analytical limits being far too high to track some of the most toxic chemicals, biases risk perceptions for important chemicals.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Exposed to Trichlorfon-Induced Toxicity

2025-06-19

Hallana Cristina Menezes da Silva , Igor Kelvyn Cavalcante Lobo , André Gentil da Silva +6 more | Animals

Trichlorfon is an antiparasitic agent widely used to control pests and parasites in farmed fish. Tambaqui (C. macropomum) is the most commercially important characid species farmed in the Amazon region. … Trichlorfon is an antiparasitic agent widely used to control pests and parasites in farmed fish. Tambaqui (C. macropomum) is the most commercially important characid species farmed in the Amazon region. Trichlorfon exposure is known to cause physiological damage in fish due to its organophosphate nature. In this study, we used RNA-Seq to investigate the hepatic response of tambaqui following exposure to 0.435 mg/L of trichlorfon. The analysis revealed activation of several metabolic pathways, particularly those related to tumor processes, immune responses, and apoptosis. Additionally, we identified upregulation of solute carrier (SLC) genes, which may facilitate trichlorfon entry into hepatocytes. These findings enhance our understanding of fish responses to antiparasitic agents and support further research into the molecular impacts of organophosphate compounds in aquaculture species.

BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF CADMIUM IN LABEO ROHITA ACROSS VARYING SIZES

2025-06-18

Syed Sikandar Habib , Muhammad Arshad , Fariha Latif +4 more | Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study assessed the effects of sublethal Cd exposure (0.66 mg·L-1) on Labeo rohita (n = 270) of different size groups over 1, 7, and 14 days. Results revealed that … This study assessed the effects of sublethal Cd exposure (0.66 mg·L-1) on Labeo rohita (n = 270) of different size groups over 1, 7, and 14 days. Results revealed that Cd accumulation in gill, intestine, and kidney increased significantly, with the highest levels in smaller fish. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD) and GST activity declined, particularly on day 14. Treated groups showed elevated liver/plasma protein, glucose, and cortisol levels, indicating oxidative stress and disrupted biochemical homeostasis. Smaller fish were more affected. These findings highlight Cd toxicity's implications for aquatic ecosystems and human health, emphasizing the need for environmental monitoring and pollution control.

A comparative analysis of catalase activity in animal and plant tissues collected in Pineville, Rapid Parish, Louisiana, USA

2025-06-18

Oyeyemi O. Ajibade , Lilo Caden | International Journal of Science and Research Archive

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. This study investigated catalase activity in five distinct biological samples: chicken … Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. This study investigated catalase activity in five distinct biological samples: chicken liver, beef muscle, potato tuber, carrot root, and banana pulp. Crude enzyme extracts were prepared from each tissue, and their activity was assessed by measuring the foam height generated upon the addition of a 3% H2O2 solution. The objective was to compare catalase activity across diverse animal and plant tissues, reflecting their varying metabolic demands and roles in oxidative stress management. As hypothesized, chicken liver extract exhibited the highest catalase activity, producing the most vigorous effervescence and greatest foam height (approximately 5–6 cm). Beef muscle demonstrated substantial activity (approximately 3 cm), albeit lower than liver. Potato and banana extracts showed moderate activity (approximately 1.5–2.0 cm), while carrot root extract exhibited minimal activity (<0.5 cm). These findings are consistent with established knowledge regarding catalase distribution, where highly metabolically active and detoxifying organs like the liver contain abundant catalase, and certain plant tissues demonstrate differential levels. The experiment successfully demonstrated that catalase activity varies significantly among different biological tissues, correlating with their specific physiological functions and exposure to reactive oxygen species.

Depuration kinetics of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolites in exposed blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.)

2025-06-17

Franziska Isabell Binder , Romina Marietta Schuster , Lillian Tabea Hannah Bünning +5 more | Frontiers in Marine Science

Explosives released by dumped warfare material pose a threat to the marine environment and can enter the marine food web. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is one of the most used explosives in … Explosives released by dumped warfare material pose a threat to the marine environment and can enter the marine food web. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is one of the most used explosives in munitions and is, therefore, of special interest. To test the uptake, depuration, and potential biotransformation of TNT, common blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis ) from the German North Sea were exposed to different TNT concentrations in two laboratory experiments (first experiment, 48-h exposure to TNT concentrations of 0, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/L; second experiment, 24-h exposure to 0 and 5 mg/L deuterated TNT) followed by recovery phases in clean artificial seawater (first experiment, 60-h recovery; second experiment, 12-h recovery). Water samples and mussel soft bodies were analyzed for TNT and its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) using Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) techniques. The results showed a continuous uptake of dissolved TNT during exposure and a rapid depuration during the recovery phase, independent of the original TNT exposure concentrations. Furthermore, evidence for the biotransformation of TNT is shown by the presence of labelled ADNTs both in mussel soft bodies analyzed within the recovery phase and in water sampled during the recovery phase. Overall, 57% to 76% of the measured concentration was biotransformed within the first 4 h after the exposure.

A protocol for assessing histological changes and biometry in Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) using linear indices

2025-06-17

Wanda Batista de Jesus , Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta , Raimundo Nonato Diniz Costa Filho +1 more | Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

Trends and Emerging Hotspots in Toxicology of Chironomids: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

2025-06-17

Wenbin Liu , W. C. PEI , Zhifang Shao +3 more | Insects

(1) Background: Aquatic organisms are more sensitive to pollutants than terrestrial ones, making them ideal for ecotoxicology studies. Chironomids, a key bioindicator species, have been widely used in environmental pollution … (1) Background: Aquatic organisms are more sensitive to pollutants than terrestrial ones, making them ideal for ecotoxicology studies. Chironomids, a key bioindicator species, have been widely used in environmental pollution research. With the continuous deepening of research on water environmental pollution and the continuous development of molecular biology, it is therefore very important to understand the current research progress of the toxicology of chironomids. (2) Methods: This study used bibliometrics to analyze 1465 publications on chironomid toxicology from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, aiming to reveal research trends, hotspots, and future directions. The data analysis involved Microsoft Excel, VOS viewer, CiteSpace, and ChatGLM. (3) Results: Heavy metals, pesticides, and microplastics were the main pollutants studied, with Chironomus riparius being the most researched species. The analysis indicated a growing research trend since 1998, reflecting an increasing global concern over aquatic pollution. This study concludes that more molecular-level research is needed to uncover toxic mechanisms and improve environmental risk assessments. (4) Conclusions: This work will aid scientists and policymakers in developing better pollution control strategies and conservation efforts for aquatic ecosystems, ultimately contributing to environmental protection and public health.

Determination of Oxygen Requirement of Trout

2025-06-16

Kamil Furkan İlhan | Advances in Artificial Intelligence Research

This study explores the determination of oxygen requirements in trout. Various types of water sources, which serve as the natural habitat for trout, were examined in terms of their oxygen … This study explores the determination of oxygen requirements in trout. Various types of water sources, which serve as the natural habitat for trout, were examined in terms of their oxygen content. A significant parameter in understanding the oxygen needs of trout, namely the dissolved oxygen level, was thoroughly analyzed, and the viewpoints of different researchers were reviewed in succession. The reason for placing strong emphasis on dissolved oxygen lies in the fact that it directly corresponds to the form of oxygen that fish require in aquatic environments—making it the fundamental focus of this analysis. Commonly referenced formulas in the literature, such as those used to estimate the amount of oxygen consumed per fish, were included, along with explanations of their respective indices. In addition to investigations into increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in water, the study also presents information on how to enhance oxygen levels in sources where oxygen availability is insufficient. By evaluating the findings of various authors, insights were provided regarding the minimum dissolved oxygen levels necessary for trout.

Recommendation of: Sexual reproduction is controlled by successive transcriptomic waves in Podospora anserina. Round#2

2025-06-16

| Peer Community In Genomics

Toxic effects of esfenvalerate on blood parameters in Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) caught in Lake Van (Turkey)

2025-06-16

Necati Özok | Chemistry and Ecology

Biochemical Responses of Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) against Cadmium

2025-06-15

Rahmi Rahmi , Ahmet Alişer Bedrettin , Osman Serdar | Acta Zoologica Bulgarica

The biochemical reactions of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the acute period (24 and 96 hours after treatment) were studied. Four … The biochemical reactions of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the acute period (24 and 96 hours after treatment) were studied. Four variants of experimental treatment were examined: 0 μg/L Cd (control), 10 μg/L Cd, 20 μg/L Cd and 40 μg/L Cd. Changes in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined using ELISA kits. In D. polymorpha exposed to the three experimental concentrations of cadmium, there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in SOD enzyme activity with increasing concentration or exposure times. No change was observed in CAT enzyme activity with increasing concentrations. The decrease in the activity depending on the exposure times was not statistically significant (p>0.05). As for GPx enzyme activity, a significant increase was detected after Cd application compared to the control (p<0.05). TBARS and GSH levels increased significantly in all Cd application groups compared to the control at 24 and 96 hours. The effects of different concentrations of Cd on D. polymorpha in the acute period were associated with changes in SOD, CAT, GPx enzyme activities. TBARS and GSH levels were effective parameters in determining the oxidative damage caused by Cd.

Effects of Sub Lethal Concentration of Cypermethrin on the Biochemical, Behavioural and Haematological Parameters of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fingerlings

2025-06-14

Sadawni P Varangia , MK Yadav , Shriparna Saxena +1 more | Archives of Current Research International

This study aims to examine and assess the harmful effects of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on rohu (L. rohita) fingerling. The acute median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by exposing … This study aims to examine and assess the harmful effects of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on rohu (L. rohita) fingerling. The acute median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by exposing fish to four different concentrations (2 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, and 15 ppb) over a 96-hour period and the LC50 value was identified as 4.996 ppb. Based on the concentration obtained fish were exposed to the sub lethal concentration (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppb) and one control with no chemical for a duration of 30 days for further studies to assess the impact of chronic toxicity. A sub-lethal toxicity evaluation indicates significant changes in blood parameters, characterized by an increase in total leucocytes count and glucose levels, alongside a decrease in total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). There was also a decrease in biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, and total protein. Abnormal behavioural changes observed include loss of equilibrium, increased opercular movement, restlessness transitioning to lethargy, gill mucus secretion, repeated mouth movements, and twitching or convulsions. This study revealed that even minimal exposure to cypermethrin can negatively affect fish, causing notable alterations in behavioural, biochemical and haematological parameters.

Calibration of a laboratory-based chronic toxicity model to nickel effects on stream invertebrates in the field

2025-06-13

Adrian M H de Bruyn , Jordana L. Van Geest , J B Arens +4 more | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Abstract Predicting effects of metals on stream invertebrate communities can be hindered by spatial and temporal variation in toxicity modifying factors, a paucity of laboratory toxicity data for stream taxa … Abstract Predicting effects of metals on stream invertebrate communities can be hindered by spatial and temporal variation in toxicity modifying factors, a paucity of laboratory toxicity data for stream taxa (mainly insects), and variation in benthic invertebrate community structure related to habitat and factors other than the stressor of interest. We addressed these challenges by combining laboratory-based chronic toxicity data with field-based biological monitoring data to build a lab-to-field stressor-response relationship. A laboratory-based toxicity model for Ceriodaphnia dubia was used to translate field nickel (Ni) concentrations into predicted toxicity, and a quantile regression model of field data from a mine-affected watershed was then used to describe the limiting effect of Ni toxicity on the benthic invertebrate community. Many taxa showed no evidence of Ni effects up to the highest studied exposure (30 µg/L dissolved Ni, or 92% effect to C. dubia reproduction). The most sensitive metric was percent Ephemeroptera, reflecting declines in abundance of some sensitive mayflies (e.g., Baetis, Epeorus) and concurrent increases in abundance of some tolerant non-mayfly taxa (e.g., Rheocricotopus, Eukiefferiella) across the gradient of Ni toxicity in the field. The field EC10 for percent Ephemeroptera occurred at a 22% effect of Ni to C. dubia reproduction. This finding supports previous estimates of 20% as a critical effect size in laboratory test organisms that could be predictive of discernible effects on sensitive invertebrates in the field.

Copper Toxicity Thresholds for Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta: Insights from a Site with Unique Monometallic Soil Contamination

2025-06-13

Еlvira A. Dovletyarova , Felipe Tapia-Pizarro , А. И. Ермаков +5 more | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Abstract Ecotoxicological studies predominantly rely on artificially contaminated soils and fieldwork on contaminated soils remains scarce. This study focuses on the Kargaly site in the Orenburg region near the southern … Abstract Ecotoxicological studies predominantly rely on artificially contaminated soils and fieldwork on contaminated soils remains scarce. This study focuses on the Kargaly site in the Orenburg region near the southern Urals, where a rare instance of monometallic soil pollution has occurred with copper (Cu). We established Cu toxicity thresholds for Dendrobaena veneta, a European nightcrawler, using soils collected along a Cu toxicity gradient (total Cu content of 121-10,200 mg kg−1) in a chernozem (Mollisol) agricultural field. Earthworm survival in the reproduction bioassay was an unreliable predictor of Cu toxicity. However, the number of juveniles in the reproduction bioassay and earthworm avoidance behavior were sensitive indicators of Cu toxicity. While total soil Cu strongly predicted earthworm responses, the effect of soluble (0.01 M CaCl2-extractable) Cu on earthworm responses was not statistically significant. Similarly, the Cu content in earthworm tissues was an unreliable predictor of Cu toxicity in D. veneta. The effective concentrations at 25% (EC25) and 50% (EC50) of total soil Cu for earthworms were 177 and 407 mg kg−1, respectively, for the reproduction bioassay, compared with 783 and 1603 mg kg−1, for earthworm avoidance behavior. This study is among the few that estimate Cu toxicity thresholds for earthworms in real-world contaminated soils rather than artificially spiked ones. This is the first report of the Cu toxicity threshold for the genus Dendrobaena, highlighting the novelty of this study.

Expression of Superoxide Dismutase from the Desert Beetle Microdera Punctipennis Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila Melanogaster

2025-06-13

Zilajiguli Xikeranmu , Azeguli Hamuti , Zhou Li +1 more | Cryoletters

BACKGROUND: SODs are key enzymes that degrade the superoxide radical, representing a primary defense in the antioxidant system against the toxicity caused by overproduction of ROS under environmental stresses. However, … BACKGROUND: SODs are key enzymes that degrade the superoxide radical, representing a primary defense in the antioxidant system against the toxicity caused by overproduction of ROS under environmental stresses. However, there is scarce data about SOD functions in insects under low temperature. OBJECTIVE: In this research, we investigated whether the heterologous superoxide dismutase overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster improves cold tolerance in flies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel extracellular copper/zinc SOD ( MpSOD3 ) from the desert beetle Microdera punctipennis was transferred to D. melanogaster via P-element-mediated transformation. The protection effect of increased SOD activity on lipid peroxidation and apoptosis were determined by measuring oxidative parameters and TUNEL assay during cold treatment. RESULTS: Compared to non-transgenic flies exposed to 0°C treatment for 12-24 h period, the expression level of MpSOD3 and SOD activity were significantly higher in all transgenic lines with less accumulation of superoxide(O 2 • - ). MpSOD3 expressing Drosophila exhibited higher survival rates compared with the control under cold and oxidative exposure. In response to cold, the MDA content and TUNEL assay showed that MpSOD3 expressing adult flies exhibited less lipid peroxidation and apoptotic damage in comparison to control flies. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results indicate that the overexpression of MpSOD3 in transgenic Drosophila lines enhances cold tolerance by eliminating O 2 • - and lessening over-oxidation of the cellular membrane system.

From Chromosomal Aberrations to Transcriptome Analysis: Four Decades of Research in Bivalve Genotoxicity

2025-06-04

Zenaba Khatir , Alexandra Leitão | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Over the past four decades, bivalves have become sentinel organisms in genotoxicity research due to their ecological relevance and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. This integrative review critically examines the evolution … Over the past four decades, bivalves have become sentinel organisms in genotoxicity research due to their ecological relevance and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. This integrative review critically examines the evolution of genotoxicity in bivalves, from early cytogenetic assays to advanced transcriptomic approaches. It highlights key methodological developments, geographical research trends, and the recent integration of multi-endpoint analyses for a more robust, consistent environmental risk assessment. By synthesizing data from four decades of research, we provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge while also critically identifying persistent challenges and suggesting directions for future research to allow better evaluation and mitigation of the genetic impacts of marine pollution.

Lithium toxicity to marine organisms: Establishing water quality guideline values to protect temperate and tropical marine life

2025-06-04

Scott J. Markich , Jeremy P. Hall , Jude M. Dorsman +1 more | Chemosphere

Toxicological Assessment of Tyre-Derived Compounds: Effects of 6PPD-Quinone, Diphenylguanidine, and Mercaptobenzothiazole on Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2025-06-01

Henry Ebele Obanya , Fay Couceiro , Alex T. Ford +1 more | Aquatic Toxicology