Medicine › Biochemistry

Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Works Count: 54532

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This cluster of papers explores the role of oxidative stress, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and carotenoids in various health conditions such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention, and eye health. It investigates the impact of reactive oxygen species, biomarkers of oxidative damage, and the potential use of vitamin E in mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases.

Keywords

Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Lipid Peroxidation; Carotenoids; Vitamin E; Atherosclerosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Cancer Prevention

Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients

2000-01-20

Salim Yusuf , Gilles R. Dagenais , Janice Pogue +2 more

Observational and experimental studies suggest that the amount of vitamin E ingested in food and in supplements is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Observational and experimental studies suggest that the amount of vitamin E ingested in food and in supplements is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.

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[37] Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins

1994-01-01

Rodney L. Levine , Joy Williams , Earl P. Stadtman +1 more

The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Other Cancers in Male Smokers

1994-04-14

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, as well as high serum levels of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and beta carotene, are associated with a reduced risk … Epidemiologic evidence indicates that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, as well as high serum levels of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and beta carotene, are associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer.

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[2] Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration

1999-01-01

Iris F. F. Benzie , JJ Strain

Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader11Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.

1999-09-01

Hong Wang , James A. Joseph

The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease

2004-05-01

John A. Ambrose , Rajat S. Barua

[30] Microsomal lipid peroxidation

1978-01-01

John A. Buege , Steven D. Aust

Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now?

1992-06-01

Barry Halliwell , John M.C. Gutteridge , C E Cross

Meta-Analysis: High-Dosage Vitamin E Supplementation May Increase All-Cause Mortality

2005-01-04

Edgar R. Miller , Roberto Pastor‐Barriuso , Darshan Dalal +3 more

Background: Experimental models and observational studies suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, several trials of high-dosage vitamin E supplementation showed non–statistically significant increases in … Background: Experimental models and observational studies suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, several trials of high-dosage vitamin E supplementation showed non–statistically significant increases in total mortality. Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of the dose–response relationship between vitamin E supplementation and total mortality by using data from randomized, controlled trials. Patients: 135 967 participants in 19 clinical trials. Of these trials, 9 tested vitamin E alone and 10 tested vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals. The dosages of vitamin E ranged from 16.5 to 2000 IU/d (median, 400 IU/d). Data Sources: PubMed search from 1966 through August 2004, complemented by a search of the Cochrane Clinical Trials Database and review of citations of published reviews and meta-analyses. No language restrictions were applied. Data Extraction: 3 investigators independently abstracted study reports. The investigators of the original publications were contacted if required information was not available. Data Synthesis: 9 of 11 trials testing high-dosage vitamin E (≥400 IU/d) showed increased risk (risk difference > 0) for all-cause mortality in comparisons of vitamin E versus control. The pooled all-cause mortality risk difference in high-dosage vitamin E trials was 39 per 10 000 persons (95% CI, 3 to 74 per 10 000 persons; P = 0.035). For low-dosage vitamin E trials, the risk difference was −16 per 10 000 persons (CI, −41 to 10 per 10 000 persons; P > 0.2). A dose–response analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between vitamin E dosage and all-cause mortality, with increased risk of dosages greater than 150 IU/d. Limitations: High-dosage (≥400 IU/d) trials were often small and were performed in patients with chronic diseases. The generalizability of the findings to healthy adults is uncertain. Precise estimation of the threshold at which risk increases is difficult. Conclusion: High-dosage (≥400 IU/d) vitamin E supplements may increase all-cause mortality and should be avoided.

Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> of leaf extracts in different solvents

1983-10-01

Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler , Alan R. Wellburn

Conference Article| October 01 1983 Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER; HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER *Botanisches Institut der Universitat, … Conference Article| October 01 1983 Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER; HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER *Botanisches Institut der Universitat, Kaiserstraße 12, Postfach 6380. Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALAN R. WELLBURN ALAN R. WELLBURN †Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1983) 11 (5): 591–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER, ALAN R. WELLBURN; Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1983; 11 (5): 591–592. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis

2004-09-21

Roland Stocker , John F. Keaney

This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress … This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall. The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis predicts that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is an early event in atherosclerosis and that oxidized LDL contributes to atherogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, oxidized LDL can support foam cell formation in vitro, the lipid in human lesions is substantially oxidized, there is evidence for the presence of oxidized LDL in vivo, oxidized LDL has a number of potentially proatherogenic activities, and several structurally unrelated antioxidants inhibit atherosclerosis in animals. An emerging consensus also underscores the importance in vascular disease of oxidative events in addition to LDL oxidation. These include the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by vascular cells, as well as oxidative modifications contributing to important clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease such as endothelial dysfunction and plaque disruption. Despite these abundant data however, fundamental problems remain with implicating oxidative modification as a (requisite) pathophysiologically important cause for atherosclerosis. These include the poor performance of antioxidant strategies in limiting either atherosclerosis or cardiovascular events from atherosclerosis, and observations in animals that suggest dissociation between atherosclerosis and lipoprotein oxidation. Indeed, it remains to be established that oxidative events are a cause rather than an injurious response to atherogenesis. In this context, inflammation needs to be considered as a primary process of atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress as a secondary event. To address this issue, we have proposed an "oxidative response to inflammation" model as a means of reconciling the response-to-injury and oxidative modification hypotheses of atherosclerosis.

Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols As Determined by a Modified Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power Assay

2000-07-15

Raquel Pulido , Laura Bravo , Fulgêncio Saura-Calixto

Most nonenzymatic antioxidant activity (scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, etc.) is mediated by redox reactions. The antioxidant (AO) activity of polyphenols (PPs), as ferric-reducing power, was determined … Most nonenzymatic antioxidant activity (scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, etc.) is mediated by redox reactions. The antioxidant (AO) activity of polyphenols (PPs), as ferric-reducing power, was determined for the first time using a modified FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assay. Reaction was followed for 30 min, and both Fe(II) standards and samples were dissolved in the same solvent to allow comparison. Selected representative PPs included flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, and catechin), resveratrol, tannic acid, and phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, and ferulic). Carotenoids (β-carotene and zeaxanthine), ascorbic acid, Trolox, and BHA were included for comparison. Equivalent concentration 1 (EC1), as the concentration of AO with a reducing effect equivalent to 1 mmol/L Fe(II), was used to compare AO efficiency. PPs had lower EC1 values, and therefore higher reducing power, than ascorbic acid and Trolox. Tannic acid and quercetin had the highest AO capacity followed by gallic and caffeic acids. Resveratrol showed the lowest reducing effect. Carotenoids had no ferric reducing ability. Polyphenol's AO efficiency seemed to depend on the extent of hydroxylation and conjugation. Keywords: Antioxidant activity; dietary antioxidants; polyphenols; ferric reducing ability

Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage<i>in vivo</i>and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean?

2004-05-01

Barry Halliwell , Matthew Whiteman

Free radicals and other reactive species (RS) are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. Establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure them and the … Free radicals and other reactive species (RS) are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. Establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure them and the oxidative damage that they cause. This article first reviews what is meant by the terms free radical, RS, antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxidative stress. It then critically examines methods used to trap RS, including spin trapping and aromatic hydroxylation, with a particular emphasis on those methods applicable to human studies. Methods used to measure oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins and methods used to detect RS in cell culture, especially the various fluorescent "probes" of RS, are also critically reviewed. The emphasis throughout is on the caution that is needed in applying these methods in view of possible errors and artifacts in interpreting the results.

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DPPH antioxidant assay revisited

2008-08-10

Om P. Sharma , T. K. Bhat

Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Antioxidant Capacities of Common Foods in the United States

2004-05-19

Xianli Wu , Gary R. Beecher , Joanne M. Holden +3 more

Both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities were determined using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) assay with fluorescein as the fluorescent probe and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical generator … Both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities were determined using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) assay with fluorescein as the fluorescent probe and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical generator on over 100 different kinds of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, dried fruits, spices, cereals, infant, and other foods. Most of the foods were collected from four different regions and during two different seasons in U.S. markets. Total phenolics of each sample were also measured using the Folin−Ciocalteu reagent. Hydrophilic ORACFL values (H-ORACFL) ranged from 0.87 to 2641 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g among all of the foods, whereas lipophilic ORACFL values (L-ORACFL) ranged from 0.07 to 1611 μmol of TE/g. Generally, L-ORACFL values were <10% of the H-ORACFL values except for a very few samples. Total antioxidant capacity was calculated by combining L-ORACFL and H-ORACFL. Differences of ORACFL values in fruits and vegetables from different seasons and regions were relatively large for some foods but could not be analyzed in detail because of the sampling scheme. Two different processing methods, cooking and peeling, were used on selected foods to evaluate the impact of processing on ORACFL. The data demonstrated that processing can have significant effects on ORACFL. Considering all of the foods analyzed, the relationship between TP and H-ORACFL showed a very weak correlation. Total hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity intakes were calculated to be 5558 and 166 μmol of TE/day, respectively, on the basis of data from the USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994−1996). Keywords: Antioxidants; hydrophilic; lipophilic; ORACFL; total phenolics; fruits; vegetables; nuts; dried fruits; spices; baby foods; chocolate; cereal

Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method

2001-03-01

Luciana Lopes Mensor , Fábio S. Menezes , Gilda Guimarães Leitão +4 more

Brazilian plant extracts belonging to 16 species of 5 different families (71 extracts) were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical was measured in … Brazilian plant extracts belonging to 16 species of 5 different families (71 extracts) were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical was measured in these experiments by the discoloration of the solution. Ginkgo biloba and rutin, commonly used as antioxidants for medical purposes, were used as standards. Based on our results, we can say that as a general rule the ethanol extracts of plants belonging to the Verbenaceae family showed lower EC(50) values than the other plant extracts. Among the partitions, the more polar ones (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are those that generally have higher antioxidant activity (AA).

Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants

1997-03-01

Helmut Sies

An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed ‘oxidative stress’. Oxidants are formed as a normal product of aerobic metabolism but … An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed ‘oxidative stress’. Oxidants are formed as a normal product of aerobic metabolism but can be produced at elevated rates under pathophysiological conditions. Antioxidant defense involves several strategies, both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic. In the lipid phase, tocopherols and carotenes as well as oxy‐carotenoids are of interest, as are vitamin A and ubiquinols. In the aqueous phase, there are ascorbate, glutathione and other compounds. In addition to the cytosol, the nuclear and mitochondrial matrices and extracellular fluids are protected. Overall, these low molecular mass antioxidant molecules add significantly to the defense provided by the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases.

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The chemistry and antioxidant properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols

1996-07-01

Afaf Kamal‐Eldin , Lars‐Åke Appelqvist

Abstract This article is a review of the fundamental chemistry of the tocopherols and tocotrienols relevant to their antioxidant action. Despite the general agreement that α‐tocopherol is the most efficient … Abstract This article is a review of the fundamental chemistry of the tocopherols and tocotrienols relevant to their antioxidant action. Despite the general agreement that α‐tocopherol is the most efficient antioxidant and vitamin E homologue in vivo , there was always a considerable discrepancy in its “absolute” and “relative” antioxidant effectiveness in vitro , especially when compared to γ‐tocopherol. Many chemical, physical, biochemical, physicochemical, and other factors seem responsible for the observed discrepancy between the relative antioxidant potencies of the tocopherols in vivo and in vitro . This paper aims at highlighting some possible reasons for the observed differences between the tocopherols (α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐) in relation to their interactions with the important chemical species involved in lipid peroxidation, specifically trace metal ions, singlet oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and antioxidant synergists. Although literature reports related to the chemistry of the tocotrienols are quite meager, they also were included in the discussion in virtue of their structural and functional resemblance to the tocopherols.

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Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury

1990-01-01

David R. Janero

The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL

1992-10-01

H. Esterbauer , Janusz M. Gebicki , Herbert Puhl +1 more

Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: curiosity, cause, or consequence?

1994-09-01

Barry Halliwell

Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.

1993-09-01

B N Ames , Mark K. Shigenaga , Tory M. Hagen

Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage (the same as that … Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage (the same as that produced by radiation) is a major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases of aging such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts. Antioxidant defenses against this damage include ascorbate, tocopherol, and carotenoids. Dietary fruits and vegetables are the principal source of ascorbate and carotenoids and are one source of tocopherol. Low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables doubles the risk of most types of cancer as compared to high intake and also markedly increases the risk of heart disease and cataracts. Since only 9% of Americans eat the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, the opportunity for improving health by improving diet is great.

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Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal

2014-01-01

Antonio Ayala , Mario Muñoz , Sandro Argüelles

Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last … Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.

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Leaf Senescence: Correlated with Increased Levels of Membrane Permeability and Lipid Peroxidation, and Decreased Levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase

1981-01-01

Rajinder S. Dhindsa , Pamela L. Plumb-Dhindsa , Trevor A. Thorpe

The changes in membrane permeability (soluble leakage), lipid peroxidation, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been studied during in situ senescence of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L., … The changes in membrane permeability (soluble leakage), lipid peroxidation, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been studied during in situ senescence of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin 38. After full leaf expansion was reached there was a rapid, almost linear increase in the rate of 86Rb leakage from the preloaded leaf discs, with leaf age. Parallel with this increase in membrane permeability was a cumulative increase in the level of lipid peroxidation. At the same leaf age there were changes in the activities of SOD and catalase. SOD activity decreased on the basis of fresh weight but did not change when measured on the basis of protein content probably due to relative stability of SOD during the senescence-associated general decline in protein content. Catalase activity first increased parallel with the chlorophyll content of the leaf and then, after full leaf expansion, declined on the basis of both fresh weight and protein content. These changes in membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, and the enzyme activities coincide in leaf age with the decline in protein and chlorophyll contents and in chlorophyll a: b ratio. When the senescence of the bottom-most leaves was reversed by removing the stem from immediately above them, the senescence-associated changes in protein and chlorophyll contents, lipid peroxidation, and the enzyme activities were also reversed. It is suggested that leaf senescence may be a consequence of cumulative membrane deterioration due to increasing level of lipid peroxidation probably controlled by, among other factors, the activities of SOD and catalase.

Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)

1996-03-01

Nigel Stephens , A Parsons , Matthew A. Brown +4 more

The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals

1999-03-01

Jia Zhishen , Tang Mengcheng , Jianming Wu

The antioxidants of higher plants

1988-01-01

Richard A. Larson

Requirement for Generation of H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Signal Transduction

1995-10-13

Maitrayee Sundaresan , Zu-Xi Yu , Victor J. Ferrans +2 more

Stimulation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) transiently increased the intracellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This increase could be … Stimulation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) transiently increased the intracellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This increase could be blunted by increasing the intracellular concentration of the scavenging enzyme catalase or by the chemical antioxidant N -acetylcysteine. The response of VSMCs to PDGF, which includes tyrosine phosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulation, DNA synthesis, and chemotaxis, was inhibited when the growth factor-stimulated rise in H 2 O 2 concentration was blocked. These results suggest that H 2 O 2 may act as a signal-transducing molecule, and they suggest a potential mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of antioxidants.

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Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition

2002-10-01

Yun-Zhong Fang , Sheng Yang , Guoyao Wu

Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher

1989-11-01

Paolo Di Mascio , Stephan Kaiser , Helmut Sies

Carotenoids and human health

2007-01-26

A. S. Rao , Li Rao

Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention

2007-02-27

Goran Bjelaković , Dimitrinka Nikolova , Lise Lotte Gluud +2 more

<h3>Context</h3> Antioxidant supplements are used for prevention of several diseases. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of antioxidant supplements on mortality in randomized primary and secondary prevention trials. <h3>Data Sources and … <h3>Context</h3> Antioxidant supplements are used for prevention of several diseases. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of antioxidant supplements on mortality in randomized primary and secondary prevention trials. <h3>Data Sources and Trial Selection</h3> We searched electronic databases and bibliographies published by October 2005. All randomized trials involving adults comparing beta carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, and selenium either singly or combined vs placebo or vs no intervention were included in our analysis. Randomization, blinding, and follow-up were considered markers of bias in the included trials. The effect of antioxidant supplements on all-cause mortality was analyzed with random-effects meta-analyses and reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was used to assess the effect of covariates across the trials. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> We included 68 randomized trials with 232 606 participants (385 publications). <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> When all low- and high-bias risk trials of antioxidant supplements were pooled together there was no significant effect on mortality (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.06). Multivariate meta-regression analyses showed that low-bias risk trials (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.29) and selenium (RR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.997-0.9995) were significantly associated with mortality. In 47 low-bias trials with 180 938 participants, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08). In low-bias risk trials, after exclusion of selenium trials, beta carotene (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11), vitamin A (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24), and vitamin E (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07), singly or combined, significantly increased mortality. Vitamin C and selenium had no significant effect on mortality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E may increase mortality. The potential roles of vitamin C and selenium on mortality need further study.

Potential Synergy of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: Mechanism of Action

2004-12-01

Rui Hai Liu

Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man.

1989-10-01

Seppo Ylä‐Herttuala , Wulf Palinski , Michael E. Rosenfeld +5 more

Three lines of evidence are presented that low density lipoproteins gently extracted from human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions (lesion LDL) greatly resembles LDL that has been oxidatively modified in vitro. … Three lines of evidence are presented that low density lipoproteins gently extracted from human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions (lesion LDL) greatly resembles LDL that has been oxidatively modified in vitro. First, lesion LDL showed many of the physical and chemical properties of oxidized LDL, properties that differ from those of plasma LDL: higher electrophoretic mobility, a higher density, higher free cholesterol content, and a higher proportion of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine in the phospholipid fraction. A number of lower molecular weight fragments of apo B were found in lesion LDL, similar to in vitro oxidized LDL. Second, both the intact apo B and some of the apo B fragments of lesion LDL reacted in Western blots with antisera that recognize malondialdehyde-conjugated lysine and 4-hydroxynonenal lysine adducts, both of which are found in oxidized LDL; plasma LDL and LDL from normal human intima showed no such reactivity. Third, lesion LDL shared biological properties with oxidized LDL: compared with plasma LDL, lesion LDL produced much greater stimulation of cholesterol esterification and was degraded more rapidly by macrophages. Degradation of radiolabeled lesion LDL was competitively inhibited by unlabeled lesion LDL, by LDL oxidized with copper, by polyinosinic acid and by malondialdehyde-LDL, but not by native LDL, indicating uptake by the scavenger receptor(s). Finally, lesion LDL (but not normal intimal LDL or plasma LDL) was chemotactic for monocytes, as is oxidized LDL. These studies provide strong evidence that atherosclerotic lesions, both in man and in rabbit, contain oxidatively modified LDL.

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Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance

1993-05-01

Barry Halliwell , S Chirico

A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress

2005-07-29

Daniele Del Rio , Amanda J. Stewart , Nicoletta Pellegrini

Thermal Processing Enhances the Nutritional Value of Tomatoes by Increasing Total Antioxidant Activity

2002-04-17

Veronica Dewanto , Xianzhong Wu , Kafui Kwami Adom +1 more

Processed fruits and vegetables have been long considered to have lower nutritional value than their fresh commodities due to the loss of vitamin C during processing. This research group found … Processed fruits and vegetables have been long considered to have lower nutritional value than their fresh commodities due to the loss of vitamin C during processing. This research group found vitamin C in apples contributed < 0.4% of total antioxidant activity, indicating most of the activity comes from the natural combination of phytochemicals. This suggests that processed fruits and vegetables may retain their antioxidant activity despite the loss of vitamin C. Here it is shown that thermal processing elevated total antioxidant activity and bioaccessible lycopene content in tomatoes and produced no significant changes in the total phenolics and total flavonoids content, although loss of vitamin C was observed. The raw tomato had 0.76 +/- 0.03 micromol of vitamin C/g of tomato. After 2, 15, and 30 min of heating at 88 degrees C, the vitamin C content significantly dropped to 0.68 +/- 0.02, 0.64 +/- 0.01, and 0.54 +/- 0.02 micromol of vitamin C/g of tomato, respectively (p < 0.01). The raw tomato had 2.01 +/- 0.04 mg of trans-lycopene/g of tomato. After 2, 15, and 30 min of heating at 88 degrees C, the trans-lycopene content had increased to 3.11+/- 0.04, 5.45 +/- 0.02, and 5.32 +/- 0.05 mg of trans-lycopene/g of tomato (p < 0.01). The antioxidant activity of raw tomatoes was 4.13 +/- 0.36 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of tomato. With heat treatment at 88 degrees C for 2, 15, and 30 min, the total antioxidant activity significantly increased to 5.29 +/- 0.26, 5.53 +/- 0.24, and 6.70 +/- 0.25 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of tomato, respectively (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in either total phenolics or total flavonoids. These findings indicate thermal processing enhanced the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing the bioaccessible lycopene content and total antioxidant activity and are against the notion that processed fruits and vegetables have lower nutritional value than fresh produce. This information may have a significant impact on consumers' food selection by increasing their consumption of fruits and vegetables to reduce the risks of chronic diseases.

Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals

2003-09-01

Rui Hai Liu

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage

1995-12-01

John M.C. Gutteridge

Disturbance of the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide; hydrogen peroxide; hypochlorous acid; hydroxyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals; and antioxidant defenses against them produces oxidative … Disturbance of the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide; hydrogen peroxide; hypochlorous acid; hydroxyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals; and antioxidant defenses against them produces oxidative stress, which amplifies tissue damage by releasing prooxidative forms of reactive iron that are able to drive Fenton chemistry and lipid peroxidation and by eroding away protective sacrificial antioxidants. The body has a hierarchy of defense strategies to deal with oxidative stress within different cellular compartments, and superimposed on these are gene-regulated defenses involving the heat-shock and oxidant stress proteins.

Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer

1996-01-01

Helen Wiseman , Barry Halliwell

Review Article| January 01 1996 Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer Helen WISEMAN; Helen WISEMAN *Department of Nutrition and … Review Article| January 01 1996 Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer Helen WISEMAN; Helen WISEMAN *Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Barry HALLIWELL Barry HALLIWELL †Pharmacology Group, King's College London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1996) 313 (1): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3130017 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Helen WISEMAN, Barry HALLIWELL; Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochem J 1 January 1996; 313 (1): 17–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3130017 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. The Biochemical Society, London © 19961996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

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Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial

1999-08-01

Continuous Monitoring of<i>in Vztro</i>Oxidation of Human Low Density Lipoprotein

1989-01-01

H. Esterbauer , G Striegl , Herbert Puhl +1 more

The kinetics of the oxidation of human low densit) lipoprotein (LDL) can be measured continuously by monitoring the change of the 234 nm diene absorption. The time-course shows three consecutive … The kinetics of the oxidation of human low densit) lipoprotein (LDL) can be measured continuously by monitoring the change of the 234 nm diene absorption. The time-course shows three consecutive phases, a lag-phase during which the diene absorption increases only weakly. a propagation phase with a rapid increase of the diene absorption and finally a decomposition phase. The increase of the dienes is highly correlated with the increase of MDA or lipid hydroperoxides. The duration of the lag-phase is determined by the endogenous antioxidants contained in LDL (vitamin E. carotenoids. retinylstearate). Water-soluble antioxidants (ascorbic acid. urate) added in micromolar concentrations prolong the lag-phase in a concentration-dependent manner. The determination of the lag-phase is a convenient and objective procedure for determining the susceptibility of LDL from different donors towards oxidation as well as effects of pro-and antioxidants.

Lack of Effect of Long-Term Supplementation with Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms and Cardiovascular Disease

1996-05-02

Charles H. Hennekens , Julie E. Buring , JoAnn E. Manson +7 more

Observational studies suggest that people who consume more fruits and vegetables containing beta carotene have somewhat lower risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and earlier basic research suggested plausible mechanisms. … Observational studies suggest that people who consume more fruits and vegetables containing beta carotene have somewhat lower risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and earlier basic research suggested plausible mechanisms. Because large randomized trials of long duration were necessary to test this hypothesis directly, we conducted a trial of beta carotene supplementation.In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of beta carotene (50 mg on alternate days), we enrolled 22,071 male physicians, 40 to 84 years of age, in the United States; 11 percent were current smokers and 39 percent were former smokers at the beginning of the study in 1982. By December 31, 1995, the scheduled end of the study, fewer than 1 percent had been lost to follow-up, and compliance was 78 percent in the group that received beta carotene.Among 11,036 physicians randomly assigned to receive beta carotene and 11,035 assigned to receive placebo, there were virtually no early or late differences in the overall incidence of malignant neoplasms or cardiovascular disease, or in overall mortality. In the beta carotene group, 1273 men had any malignant neoplasm (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), as compared with 1293 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.98; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.06). There were also no significant differences in the number of cases of lung cancer (82 in the beta carotene group vs. 88 in the placebo group); the number of deaths from cancer (386 vs. 380), deaths from any cause (979 vs. 968), or deaths from cardiovascular disease (338 vs. 313); the number of men with myocardial infarction (468 vs. 489); the number with stroke (367 vs. 382); or the number with any one of the previous three end points (967 vs. 972). Among current and former smokers, there were also no significant early or late differences in any of these end points.In this trial among healthy men, 12 years of supplementation with beta carotene produced neither benefit nor harm in terms of the incidence of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, or death from all causes.

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Effects of a Combination of Beta Carotene and Vitamin A on Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

1996-05-02

Gilbert S. Omenn , Gary E. Goodman , Mark Thornquist +7 more

Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease are major causes of death in the United States. It has been proposed that carotenoids and retinoids are agents that may prevent these disorders. Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease are major causes of death in the United States. It has been proposed that carotenoids and retinoids are agents that may prevent these disorders.

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Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men

1993-05-20

Eric B. Rimm , Meir J. Stampfer , Alberto Ascherio +3 more

The oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins increases their incorporation into the arterial intima, an essential step in atherogenesis. Although dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin C, carotene, and vitamin E, have … The oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins increases their incorporation into the arterial intima, an essential step in atherogenesis. Although dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin C, carotene, and vitamin E, have been hypothesized to prevent coronary heart disease, prospective epidemiologic data are sparse.

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Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease in Women

1993-05-20

Meir J. Stampfer , Charles H. Hennekens , JoAnn E. Manson +3 more

Interest in the antioxidant vitamin E as a possible protective nutrient against coronary disease has intensified with the recognition that oxidized low-density lipoprotein may be involved in atherogenesis. Interest in the antioxidant vitamin E as a possible protective nutrient against coronary disease has intensified with the recognition that oxidized low-density lipoprotein may be involved in atherogenesis.

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Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico.

1999-08-07

Roberto Marchioli , MG Franzosi , E. Geraci

Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.

1991-12-01

Joseph L. Witztum , Daniel Steinberg

Evidence to support an important role of oxidative modification in mediating the atherogenicity of LDL continues to grow. New hypotheses suggest mechanisms by which Ox-LDL or products of Ox-LDL can … Evidence to support an important role of oxidative modification in mediating the atherogenicity of LDL continues to grow. New hypotheses suggest mechanisms by which Ox-LDL or products of Ox-LDL can affect many components of the atherogenic process, including vasomotor properties and thrombosis, as well as lesion initiation and progression itself. These ideas suggest new approaches, that in combination with lowering of plasma cholesterol, could lead to the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications.

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Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group

1996-12-25

L. Clark

Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health

2008-06-15

Lien Ai Pham-Huy , Hua He , Chuong Pham-Huyc

Free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. They are produced either from … Free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. They are produced either from normal cell metabolisms in situ or from external sources (pollution, cigarette smoke, radiation, medication). When an overload of free radicals cannot gradually be destroyed, their accumulation in the body generates a phenomenon called oxidative stress. This process plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements. This mini-review deals with the taxonomy, the mechanisms of formation and catabolism of the free radicals, it examines their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities, it highlights the potential role of the antioxidants in preventing and repairing damages caused by oxidative stress, and it discusses the antioxidant supplementation in health maintenance.

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Lutein and Astaxanthin Supplementation Induce Competitive Inhibition of Carotenoid Deposition in Egg Yolk

2025-06-24

Xia Chen , Zhixun Yan , Bing Zhang +7 more | Animals

Lutein- and astaxanthin-fortified eggs can greatly improve both nutritional and economic values of eggs. High doses of lutein and astaxanthin are often supplemented in hen diets to rapidly accumulate lutein … Lutein- and astaxanthin-fortified eggs can greatly improve both nutritional and economic values of eggs. High doses of lutein and astaxanthin are often supplemented in hen diets to rapidly accumulate lutein and astaxanthin in eggs. In this study, an additional 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lutein and astaxanthin were added in hen diets to explore the effects of high-dose lutein and astaxanthin on egg quality, egg production, and carotenoid deposition in eggs, which remains unclear. The results showed that high-dose lutein and astaxanthin supplementation had no significant impact on laying rates and egg quality, except for markedly improving yolk color. Additionally, a quantitative profile of carotenoids in egg yolk was performed through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 26 carotenoids were detected including 14 whose concentrations exceed 0.1 µg/g. Notably, the zeaxanthin content in yolk decreased with the increase in levels of lutein supplementation. Conversely, the content of lutein, zeaxanthin, 5,6 epoxy-lutein-caprate-palmitate in yolk decreased as astaxanthin supplementation increased. These findings suggest that high doses of lutein and astaxanthin supplementation may competitively inhibit the deposition of other carotenoids in egg yolk. Overall, this study suggests that during the production of functional eggs enriched with lutein and astaxanthin, it is important to consider the interaction effects among different carotenoids.

Correction to “Role of Molecular Packing in Solvent-Mediated Ellagic Acid·Phenazine Co-Crystals Toward Biological Activity Enhancement and Rational Drug Design”

2025-06-24

Jianghu Chen , Chunhua Qiu , Hao‐Hong Li +1 more | Crystal Growth & Design

Vitamin A deficiency in India and seasonality of vitamin A rich food consumption

2025-06-23

Rupinder Sahota , Fanny Sandalinas , Christopher Chagumaira +6 more | British Journal Of Nutrition

Abstract Vitamin A deficiency-(VAD) poses significant health risks and is prevalent in children and adolescents in India. This study aimed to determine the effect of seasonal variation and availability of … Abstract Vitamin A deficiency-(VAD) poses significant health risks and is prevalent in children and adolescents in India. This study aimed to determine the effect of seasonal variation and availability of vitamin A rich foods (VA-rich) on serum retinol in adolescents. Data on serum retinol levels from adolescents (n=2,297, mean age 14 years) from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-2018) in India were analyzed, with VAD defined as serum retinol <0.7 µmol.L -1 . Five states were selected based on comparable under five mortality rate and seasonal spread of data collection period. Dietary data from adolescents and children ≤4 years old were used to assess VA-rich food consumption. A Linear Mixed Model framework was employed to analyze the relationship between serum retinol, month of the year and VA-rich food consumption, with a priori ranking to control for multiple hypothesis testing. Consumption of VA-rich foods, particularly fruits and vegetables/roots and tubers showed seasonal patterns, with higher consumption during summer and monsoon months. Significant associations were found between serum retinol concentrations and age, month of sampling, consumption of VA-rich foods and fish. VAD prevalence was lowest in August, coinciding with higher consumption of VA-rich fruits and foods. Findings highlight the importance of considering seasonality in assessing VAD prevalence and careful interpretation of survey findings. Intentional design, analysis and reporting of surveys to capture seasonal variation is crucial for accurate assessment and interpretation of VAD prevalence including during monitoring and evaluation of programmes, and to ensure that public health strategies are appropriately informed.

Recent Advances on the Analysis and Biological Functions of Cinnamaldehyde and Its Derivatives

2025-06-22

Roghayeh Karimirad , Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj , Bing‐Huei Chen | Antioxidants

Natural antioxidants isolated from fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices have drawn great attention owing to their numerous health-promoting effects. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), an abundant antioxidant in cinnamon spice, has been explored … Natural antioxidants isolated from fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices have drawn great attention owing to their numerous health-promoting effects. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), an abundant antioxidant in cinnamon spice, has been explored more intensely over the last decade as it has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in the treatment of various diseases. Structurally, a substituted aldehyde group with an unsaturated carbon–carbon double bond with two electrophilic sites for reaction with receptors and enzymes can exert diverse biological effects. Although cinnamon has been traditionally used as a spice and herbal remedy, many studies investigating the most dominant functional compound, CA, and its biological activities have been reported in recent years. This review article intends to present an overview of recent advances in analytical methods and the application of cinnamon extract/oil, CA and its derivatives, CA-polymer/biomolecule conjugates and CA micro/nanosystems in alleviating various chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the improved pharmacological efficiency of CA and its derivatives as well as their polymer/drug/biomolecule conjugates and micro/nanoencapsulated forms, suggesting a possible alternative natural therapy and adjuvant therapy with conventional drugs via a synergistic process.

Astaxanthin mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathyin HF/HFr/STZ diabetic rats via modulating NOX4, fractalkine, Nrf2, and AP-1 pathways

2025-06-20

Nesma M E Abo El-Nasr , Yosra A Hussien , Marawan A. Elbaset +2 more | Scientific Reports

This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin (ASTA) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced through a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet followed by a … This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin (ASTA) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced through a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet followed by a sub-diabetogenic dose streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were treated with ASTA at a dose of 100 mg/kg for four weeks. Serum markers of renal and cardiac function, oxidative stress parameters, and electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements were assessed. Diabetic control rats exhibited significant impairment in renal and cardiac functions, heightened oxidative stress, and altered ECG parameters. Treatment with ASTA (100 mg/kg) markedly improved these conditions, proven by reduction in serum urea, creatinine, cardiac creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), and LDH levels. Additionally, oxidative stress markers such as MDA, GSH, SOD, and NOX4 were restored in both heart and kidney tissues. Furthermore, ASTA was able to increase the cardiac and renal Fractalkine chemokine as well as attenuate the elevated Nrf2 and AP-1. ECG abnormalities were partially reversed, with enhancements in the QTc interval and ST segment height. The histopathological examination of cardiac and renal tissues confirmed these results. Finally, the forementioned promising observations suggest that ASTA may offer therapeutic potential in mitigating DCM and DN via modulation of NOX4, Fractalkine, Nrf2, and AP-1 Pathway, warranting further research into its mechanisms and clinical applicability.

Significant association of serum carotenoids with the systemic immune-inflammation index: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES

2025-06-20

Hongcun Sun , Jiandao Hu , Wenbo Jiang | Medicine

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an emerging inflammatory marker. Carotenoids have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association of serum carotenoids with SII. This cross-sectional study … The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an emerging inflammatory marker. Carotenoids have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association of serum carotenoids with SII. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2001 to 2006 and 2017 to 2018 cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to evaluate the relationship. Restricted cubic splines models were used to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Our study included 11,914 eligible participants. After adjusting for all covariates, the total carotenoids levels showed a negative correlation with SII (P < .001). Furthermore, the levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin still had significant negative associations (all P < .001). Specifically, individuals in the highest quartile of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene had lower SII levels compared to those in the lowest quartile (all P < .05). Nonlinear relationships were observed between total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and SII (all P < .05), while a linear relationship between lycopene and SII was found (P = .070). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. This study reveals a significant negative association between serum carotenoids and SII, highlighting the potential anti-inflammatory role of carotenoids.

Development of an LC-MS/MS method for astaxanthin quantification in shrimp tissues and its application to detect astaxanthin variations during ovary development stages

2025-06-20

Shuo Diao , Guang-Da Feng , Yixuan Wang +4 more | Frontiers in Nutrition

Objective In this study, a highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively analyze the distribution of astaxanthin across various tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei , as well as … Objective In this study, a highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively analyze the distribution of astaxanthin across various tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei , as well as its variations in the hepatopancreas and ovary throughout ovarian development. Methods The separation was performed on a BEH C8 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) using a a gradient elution. The initial mobile phase composition was 0.1% formic acid in 3 mM ammonium acetate in water (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) at a ratio of 15:85 (v/v), with a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. Results The assay demonstrated linearity over a concentration range of 20 to 10,000 ng/mL, with accuracy varying from −0.1 to 1.7% and precision within 2.1%. Using the established methodology, astaxanthin concentrations were quantitatively analyzed and comparatively assessed across various tissues of L. vannamei . Analytical results demonstrated that the ventral nerve cord and hepatopancreas exhibited the highest astaxanthin concentrations among all examined tissues, with values of 351 μg/g and 116 μg/g, respectively. During the ovarian developmental stages, astaxanthin was predominantly sequestered in the hepatopancreas during early phases, with concentrations ranging from 21.3 μg/g to 29.1 μg/g, representing a 43- to 59-fold increase compared to ovarian concentrations. However, a significant redistribution of astaxanthin was observed during the post-developmental stage, characterized by a substantial decrease to 5.74 μg/g in the hepatopancreas, concomitant with an increase to 7.47 μg/g in ovarian tissue. Conclusion This validated LC-MS/MS method effectively quantified astaxanthin in various tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei , providing new insights into its tissue-specific distribution and potential role during ovarian development.

Astaxanthin attenuates DNA fragmentation and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic rats

2025-06-20

Sohair A. Saleh , Gergess S. Hanna , SobhyHasab El‐Naby +4 more | Scientific Reports

Abstract Potential properties of astaxanthin include immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In diabetic rats, we examined the potential impacts and underlying mechanisms of astaxanthin on hippocampal DNA, cognition, and glycemic … Abstract Potential properties of astaxanthin include immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In diabetic rats, we examined the potential impacts and underlying mechanisms of astaxanthin on hippocampal DNA, cognition, and glycemic status. Rats were divided into five equal groups: non-diabetic, and diabetic (non-treated, metformin treated, astaxanthin treated, and treated with a combination of metformin and astaxanthin). Both spatial and non-spatial memory and learning were assessed. IL-6, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, lipid profile, and glycemic status were assessed. Phosphorylated tau expression level was measured, and H&E section analysis was used to evaluate the hippocampal tissue. DNA fragmentation, intact DNA, and hippocampal RNA were evaluated. Induction of diabetes led to a reduction in cognitive abilities along with significant hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and DNA fragmentation. Astaxanthin as monotherapy or in combination with metformin improved cognitive functions with reduction of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and DNA fragmentation.

Sex-related differences in dietary phytochemical intake in the population of primary school children in urban setting

2025-06-18

Martina Bituh , Ana Ilić , Petra Škorvaga +3 more | Frontiers in Nutrition

Background The consumption of phytochemicals is known for its positive effects on human health. However, there are no established recommendations for daily intake in European or international guidelines. Given the … Background The consumption of phytochemicals is known for its positive effects on human health. However, there are no established recommendations for daily intake in European or international guidelines. Given the different dietary patterns in different countries and the changes in dietary trends over time, it is crucial to assess the intake of phytochemicals, especially in children, as inadequate consumption may increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. To address this gap, the present study aims to estimate the daily intake of the four major classes of phytochemicals among schoolchildren in urban areas and to identify the main dietary sources and subclasses that contribute most to their intake. Methods Daily intake of the four main classes of phytochemicals and their main dietary sources was assessed in school children from an urban setting ( N = 195; 8.9 ± 0.4 years). Intake of phytochemicals was estimated from 3-day dietary records analyzed with available composition tables and databases. Results The median intake of polyphenols in children was 125.7 mg/day, of carotenoids 3.9 mg/day, of phytosterols 126.1 mg/day and of glucosinolates 2.3 mg/day, with girls having a significantly higher intake of polyphenols. Although fruit and vegetables are the most common sources of phytochemicals in the diet, an increased contribution of sweets and cakes and mixed dishes was observed. Food groups rich in phytochemicals (fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds) contributed less than 10% of the daily energy intake. Conclusion Although there are no official recommendations for the intake of phytochemicals, the study suggests that children have a low intake of all four main classes of phytochemicals compared to existing data for both children and adults. To improve the intake of phytochemicals, it is necessary to promote the consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals and increase dietary diversity both at home and at school.

Manejo da síndrome climatérica

2025-06-18

Isabella Cavallo , Marcelo Luís Rodrigues , Mateus Ramos Rodrigues +1 more | Research Society and Development

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as principais estratégias para o manejo dos sintomas da síndrome climatérica em mulheres. Foi conduzida uma revisão narrativa de literatura conforme as recomendações … O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as principais estratégias para o manejo dos sintomas da síndrome climatérica em mulheres. Foi conduzida uma revisão narrativa de literatura conforme as recomendações da diretriz Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) com de estudos disponíveis na base de dados PubMed. Foram incluídos apenas artigos publicados em inglês ou português, a partir de janeiro de 2014, com delineamento experimental ou observacional, população formada por mulheres no climatério que receberam algum tratamento para a síndrome climatérica. O diagnóstico de climatério e menopausa é clínico e pode ser complementado pela dosagem dos hormônios folículo-estimulante e luteinizante. O melhor tratamento para os sintomas vasomotores é a terapia de reposição hormonal combinada e sistêmica, que também é eficaz para a maioria dos sintomas da síndrome climatérica, incluindo os sintomas geniturinários, distúrbios do humor e sono, perda óssea e artralgias. A terapia hormonal transdérmica é uma alternativa segura, efetiva e que oferece menos efeitos adversos do que a sistêmica. Sintomas geniturinários isolados podem ser tratados com estrogênio vaginal, opção com bom perfil de segurança e resolutividade, ou com terapias alternativas, incluindo a prasterona tópica, ospemifeno oral, ácido hialurônico vaginal, lubrificantes e hidratantes vaginais. A depressão climatérica é um distúrbio de etiologia endócrina, por isso a terapia de reposição hormonal oferece resultados mais satisfatórios do que o tratamento com antidepressivos e psicotrópicos. Esta revisão sintetizou as evidências mais recentes sobre o manejo da síndrome climatérica, apresentando modalidades terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para a maioria das pacientes.

Production Methods, Biological Activity and Potential Application Prospects of Astaxanthin

2025-06-15

Fajian Ren , Chaolong Rao , Qiwen Xiang +6 more | Foods

Astaxanthin (AST), a ketocarotenoid, is prevalent in aquatic life forms. AST has a variety of health-promoting effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, eye protection, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, skin care, anti-diabetes, neuroprotection, … Astaxanthin (AST), a ketocarotenoid, is prevalent in aquatic life forms. AST has a variety of health-promoting effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, eye protection, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, skin care, anti-diabetes, neuroprotection, etc. It holds significant potential for applications in healthcare products, food additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and aquaculture. The production capacity of AST limits its wide application to a certain extent. The instability and safety risks associated with the chemical synthesis of AST have led to increased interest in its biosynthetic pathway. In this paper, the synthesis pathway, biological activity, and application prospects of AST were reviewed. To enhance the market accessibility of AST, investigating innovative synthesis techniques and its emergent biological effects is crucial.

Association between vitamin intake and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study

2025-06-13

Sen Pan , Chuanlin Wang , Wei Sun +1 more | Frontiers in Nutrition

Background As micronutrients, vitamins play a critical role in maintaining normal physiological functions. However, the impact of different types of vitamins on PCa remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate … Background As micronutrients, vitamins play a critical role in maintaining normal physiological functions. However, the impact of different types of vitamins on PCa remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin intake and PCa using a cross-sectional design. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 14,977 adult men using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2018. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall interviews. Multivariate weighted logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin intake and PCa. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to evaluate the non-linear relationship. We performed a trend test to examine the association between vitamin intake and PCa risk, and conducted an interaction analysis stratified by group covariates. The covariates included age, race, body mass index, educational attainment, the ratio of family income to poverty, alcohol intake, smoking status, diabetes, and hypertension. Results The study encompassed 10 vitamins with three ways of intake: diet, supplement, and total (diet plus supplement). In the fully adjusted model, the quartile-based analysis showed that individuals in the highest quartile of dietary retinol intake had a significantly increased risk of PCa (OR = 1.76, p = 0.027), while higher supplement intake of vitamin B1 (OR = 0.38, p = 0.036) and vitamin B2 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.016) was associated with a lower risk. In the continuous variable analysis, supplement intake of vitamin B9 (OR = 0.65, p = 0.049), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.83, p = 0.030), and total vitamin B12 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.037) were inversely associated with PCa risk after full adjustment. We identified significant non-linear associations between dietary intake of vitamins A, B6, B12, and C and PCa risk using RCS analysis. There is an interaction between supplementation, total vitamin B12 intake, and age groups. Conclusion Taken together, our study provides the latest evidence for vitamin intake and PCa prevention. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are still needed to provide additional evidence.

Effect of Astaxanthin Cream on MMP-1 and SOD Expression in Wistar Rats Exposed to ultraviolet B

2025-06-13

Novalia Rachmawati , Danis Pertiwi , Siti Thomas | Medical Laboratory Technology Journal

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the main cause of skin damage leading to photoaging, increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and triggering the production of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) enzymes that play … Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the main cause of skin damage leading to photoaging, increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and triggering the production of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) enzymes that play an important role in photoaging, describing clinical signs including wrinkles, thickening, dryness and pigmentation. Astaxanthin can inhibit ageing and reduce wrinkles, has strong antioxidant potential that can neutralize ROS, and suppress MMP-1 activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of astaxanthin cream on the levels of MMP-1 and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme production in mouse skin tissue exposed to short-term UVB light experimental research with a post-test-only control group design. The experimental animals used were 28 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, namely group K1 (healthy), group KN exposed to short-term UVB and given base cream, group P1 exposed to short-term UVB rays and given 0.05% astaxanthin cream, and group P2 exposed to short-term UVB rays and given 0.1% astaxanthin cream. The treatment was carried out for 5 days, and on the 6th day, the levels of MMP-1 enzyme production in skin tissue and SOD were examined using the immunohistochemical method. Based on One-way ANOVA, there was a significant difference in the average levels of MMP-1 enzyme production in the skin tissue of all groups (p = 0.000). The highest MMP-1 production was found in the KN group, while in the P2 group, the levels were lower and not significantly different from the healthy group (K1). Significant differences in SOD expression were also observed among all groups (p = 0.000) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The highest SOD expression was found in group P2 and was significantly different from groups P1 and KN. Topical astaxanthin cream administration affected MMP-1 enzyme production in skin tissue and SOD expression in Wistar rats exposed to short-term UVB radiation. Astaxanthin-based cream formulation has the potential to be developed as a topical agent to prevent skin damage caused by sun exposure, and these findings require further validation through studies on human skin models or early clinical trials.

2186-LB: Three-Year Setmelanotide Outcomes in Patients with POMC/LEPR Deficiency or BBS and Obesity

2025-06-13

ANDREA HAQQ , Wendy K. Chung , GAURI MALTHANKAR +2 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Patients with proopiomelanocortin (POMC; including variants in POMC or PCSK1) deficiency, leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency, or Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) have impaired melanocortin-4 receptor pathway signaling that leads … Introduction and Objective: Patients with proopiomelanocortin (POMC; including variants in POMC or PCSK1) deficiency, leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency, or Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) have impaired melanocortin-4 receptor pathway signaling that leads to early-onset, severe obesity. Setmelanotide treatment (Tx) in Phase 3 trials in these populations improved weight-related measures and hunger severity and was well tolerated. Methods: Patients with POMC/LEPR deficiency or BBS who experienced a highly clinically meaningful weight response (≥10% body weight [≥18 years] or ≥0.3 body mass index Z score [&lt;18 years] reduction) and tolerability after 52 weeks in a prior setmelanotide trial could enroll in a long-term extension (LTE; NCT03651765) and continue Tx for ≤5 years or transition to commercial product or other clinical trials. We report 3-year outcomes of setmelanotide Tx in these patients. Results: Of 62 patients entering the LTE, 44 had continuous 3-year Tx, and 40 who had 3-year measurements were analyzed from index baseline (3 pediatric patients transitioned to adulthood; 1 adult patient missing 3-year measurement). All groups showed reductions in weight-based measures after 3 years of Tx (Table 1). No new safety signals were observed in the LTE. Conclusion: Long-term Tx with setmelanotide demonstrated sustained weight-related efficacy. These findings support continuous Tx with setmelanotide in patients with POMC/LEPR deficiency or BBS and obesity. Disclosure A. Haqq: Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Aardvark. W.K. Chung: Research Support; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. G. Malthankar: Employee; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. J.C. Garrison: Employee; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. U. Okorie: Advisory Panel; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Research Support; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Developing high‐value‐added cotton via rebuilding astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway

2025-06-12

Liqing Miao , Yameng Xu , Xinyuan Zhang +6 more | Plant Biotechnology Journal

Association Between Lycopene and Metabolic Disease Risk and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2025-06-12

Isabel Viña , Alicia Robles , José Viña | Life

Background: Lycopene, a dietary carotenoid with antioxidant properties, protects against sun-induced skin damage, prostatic conditions such as chronic prostatitis, and cancer; however, its role in metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome … Background: Lycopene, a dietary carotenoid with antioxidant properties, protects against sun-induced skin damage, prostatic conditions such as chronic prostatitis, and cancer; however, its role in metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically assess the association between lycopene levels (serum and dietary) and the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods: This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline via WoS. Pooled odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random-effects models based on heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included, of which twenty-five were eligible for the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed that the individuals with the lowest serum lycopene levels had a significantly higher risk of MAFLD (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02–1.89, p = 0.0388). No significant associations were found between HbA1c levels, diabetes history, and weight status. Although not statistically significant, a clear trend of patients with DM having lower lycopene levels than the control group was observed (MD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00, p = 0.054). Comparisons based on weight status showed no significant differences. Conclusions: While lower serum lycopene levels are significantly associated with increased MAFLD risk, their impact on glycemic control remains inconclusive, underscoring the need for targeted clinical research.

Astaxanthin: A Compound in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases and as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment Agent

2025-06-12

Zhu Xiao , Xi Chen , M.-X. Wang +1 more | Antioxidants

Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid antioxidant. AST exhibits multiple protective mechanisms, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, nervous system-protective, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrotic effects. These effects make it a promising … Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid antioxidant. AST exhibits multiple protective mechanisms, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, nervous system-protective, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrotic effects. These effects make it a promising compound for the prevention of chronic diseases. AST can protect the nervous system against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. It also protects the liver and helps reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease. Additionally, it improves cardiovascular health and has anti-diabetic properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview covering the protective effects of AST against various chronic diseases, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. We also discuss the strategies used for improving astaxanthin bioavailability and its potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.

The SlymiR394-ZDS Module Enhances the Antioxidant Capacity of Tomato by Promoting Lycopene Synthesis

2025-06-12

Qiuyu Zhao , Li Zhao , Jingyi Shi +3 more | Biomolecules

Lycopene, a natural pigment, is valuable for human health because of its strong antioxidant capacity. However, studies on the involvement of tomato miR394 in the regulation of lycopene have not … Lycopene, a natural pigment, is valuable for human health because of its strong antioxidant capacity. However, studies on the involvement of tomato miR394 in the regulation of lycopene have not been reported. The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular mechanism by which miR394 regulates lycopene synthesis by targeting ζ-carotene dehydrogenase (ZDS). The miR394-silenced transgenic tomato plants were constructed by short tandem target mimicry (STTM) technology, and the association between lycopene content and antioxidant capacity was analyzed by combining qRT-PCR, UV spectrophotometry, and a free radical scavenging assay. The targeting relationship between miR394 and ZDS was verified using a subcellular localization assay. The results showed that the silencing of miR394 significantly upregulated the expression of the ZDS gene and promoted lycopene accumulation. The antioxidant enzyme activities of STTM394 transgenic plants were significantly enhanced, and the free radical scavenging ability was obviously improved. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that miR394 directly inhibited the chloroplast expression of ZDS. In conclusion, this study reveals for the first time that the miR394-ZDS module enhances the antioxidant capacity by regulating lycopene metabolism, which provides a new target for themolecular breeding of highly nutritious tomatoes.

ASSESSMENT OF BLACKCURRANT TWIGS POTENTIAL AS A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF PROANTHOCYANIDINS IN LATVIA

2025-06-11

Natālija Zaharova , Sarmīte Janceva , Anna Andersone +1 more | Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference

Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) is one of the most common shrubs in Latvia, in addition to fruits and leaves, twigs cut in spring and autumn are rich in oligomeric polyphenols … Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) is one of the most common shrubs in Latvia, in addition to fruits and leaves, twigs cut in spring and autumn are rich in oligomeric polyphenols - proanthocyanidins, which have powerful antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties. The yield of proanthocyanidin-containing extracts ranged from 12 to 22%/DM. At the same time, the twigs cut in autumn were richer in proanthocyanidin than in spring. The strong antimicrobial properties of the extracts showed their effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria, which makes the extracts promising for use in medicine and the food industry. All extracts introduced into the lipid-based cosmetic cream showed antioxidant activity comparable to reference samples. This indicates the potential for using these extracts as active ingredients in cosmetics aimed at protecting the skin from the negative effects of free radicals. The results obtained open up new opportunities for developing innovative cosmetic formulations with improved antioxidant properties that help slow down the ageing process of the skin and maintain its health. The use of blackcurrant twigs is a sustainable and cost-effective source of valuable bioactive compounds.

Sustainable waste valorization: harnessing beta-carotene from fruit and vegetable peels

2025-06-09

Vidyalakshmi Alwar | Deleted Journal

Dietary canthaxanthin improves egg production rate through regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and redox status in indigenous chickens

2025-06-05

Jie Chen , Yu SuMeng , Xiaofeng Zhang +5 more | Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Oxidative stress during egg production disrupts hepatic lipid metabolism and impairs laying performance in hens. This study investigated the effects of dietary canthaxanthin (CX) supplementation (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 … Oxidative stress during egg production disrupts hepatic lipid metabolism and impairs laying performance in hens. This study investigated the effects of dietary canthaxanthin (CX) supplementation (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 mg/kg) on hepatic histomorphology, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and egg production in indigenous chickens reared under controlled conditions (25 ± 2°C, 65–75% humidity). A total of 180 one-day-old female chickens were randomly assigned to a control group (NC) and four treatment groups (NT1, NT2, NT3, NT4). The trial lasted 9 weeks, with sampling performed at weeks 3, 6, and 9. During the experimental period, compared with the control group, dietary CX supplementation improved the liver weight, egg production rate, serum HDL-C, TG, TC in liver and serum ( p &lt; 0.05). At week 6, dietary 6 mg/kg CX supplementation significantly reduced yolk TG and serum LDL-C levels ( p &lt; 0.05), while 10 mg/kg CX significantly increased serum T-AOC and SOD activities ( p &lt; 0.05). At week 3, 10 mg/kg CX significantly enhanced serum CAT and GSH-Px activities ( p &lt; 0.05). At week 9, 8 mg/kg CX significantly decreased serum MDA levels ( p &lt; 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that CX improved liver cell structure, reducing vacuolar degeneration and lipid droplet deposition. Additionally, CX significantly upregulated the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, ME, and LXRα in the liver ( p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CX demonstrates beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and egg production in laying hens, with an optimal recommended dosage of 8 mg/kg. This study provides theoretical evidence supporting CX as a functional feed additive to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and enhance laying performance in poultry production.

Dynamic identification of candidate genes associated with higher tocopherol biosynthesis in Brassica napus seeds

2025-06-05

Yunyun Zhang , Ping Qin , Yajun Liu +5 more | Frontiers in Plant Science

Vitamin E is a crucial fat-soluble antioxidant playing vital roles in human health as well as the growth and development of plants and animals. Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) is recognized … Vitamin E is a crucial fat-soluble antioxidant playing vital roles in human health as well as the growth and development of plants and animals. Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) is recognized as the world’s second most important oilseed crop, serving as a primary source of vegetable oil and vitamin E. However, the regulatory network governing vitamin E biosynthesis during rapeseed seed development remains poorly understood. In this study, transcriptome analyses were conducted using two pairs of rapeseed germplasms with high-VE (YH) or low-VE (YL) contents across entire seed developmental stages (15–50 DAF, days after flowering). The relationship between chlorophyll catabolism and vitamin E accumulation was systematically investigated, and candidate genes associated with seed VE biosynthesis were identified. Key findings include greater vitamin E accumulation observed in the high-VE line, primarily attributed to sustained VE biosynthesis during late seed development (45–50 DAF). Through transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) during late seed development (35–50 DAF), four key regulatory modules were revealed, highlighting seven hub genes involved in chlorophyll catabolism and vitamin E biosynthesis. Additionally, two candidate loci on chromosomes A03 and C08 were identified via bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq), along with five candidate genes (e.g., BnA03g0107720 ) proposed as critical regulators for B. napus seed vitamin E biosynthesis. These results contribute to an advanced understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed VE biosynthesis in oilseed crops and provide valuable genetic resources for enhancing rapeseed nutritional quality through vitamin E biofortification.

Associations Between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations and Skin Yellowness, a Validation Study

2025-06-01

Erin D. Clarke , Mitch J. Duncan , Tracy Burrows +6 more | Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

ABSTRACT Background Carotenoids are pigments abundant in fruits and vegetables and can be measured in plasma and skin. This study aimed to evaluate associations between carotenoid intake, assessed by self‐reported … ABSTRACT Background Carotenoids are pigments abundant in fruits and vegetables and can be measured in plasma and skin. This study aimed to evaluate associations between carotenoid intake, assessed by self‐reported usual diet against plasma carotenoid and skin yellowness concentrations in Australian adults ( n = 50, aged 39.3 ± 15.4 years, 68% female). Methods Dietary carotenoid intakes were quantified using the Australian Eating Survey (AES) food frequency questionnaire (total, α‐ and β‐carotene, lycopene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin). Plasma concentrations of these carotenoids were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography, while skin yellowness was measured using skin reflectance spectroscopy as a proxy for skin carotenoids. Associations between AES carotenoids, plasma carotenoids and total skin yellowness were analysed using linear regressions. Results AES‐derived carotenoid intakes were positively associated with skin yellowness for all dietary carotenoids ( β range 0.25–0.46, p < 0.05) and total dietary carotenoids ( β = 0.35 [95% CI 0.07, 0.63], p < 0.05), except lycopene. Similarly, each individual plasma carotenoid was significantly positively associated with their respective individual dietary carotenoids ( β range 0.42–0.53, p < 0.05) and total dietary carotenoids ( β = 0.38 [95% CI 0.04, 0.73], p < 0.05), except for lycopene. Significant positive associations were identified between skin yellowness and total ( β = 0.36 [0.20, 0.52], p < 0.001) and individual plasma carotenoids ( β range 0.30–0.37, p < 0.01), excluding α‐carotene and lycopene. Conclusion Dietary carotenoid intakes were significantly associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations and skin yellowness values. Results support use of all three methods for assessment of carotenoid intake, with the exception of lycopene. Future studies should consider cost, accessibility of assessment methods and participant burden when selecting dietary assessment methods. Trial Registration The original study was registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR‐12619001415190).

Higher Serum Carotenoid Concentrations Are Associated with Lower Mortality in Adults with Advanced Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome

2025-06-01

Xiaoyun Li , Zhaohui Liao , S. Huo +3 more | Nutrition Research

Hypolipidemic activity and mechanisms of carboxymethyl pachymaran: Impact of the degree of substitution

2025-06-01

Pei Li , Xi Feng , Lijia Zhang +3 more | Carbohydrate Polymers

Dioxyde de titane alimentaire, un produit controversé et un cas d’école en règlementation

2025-06-01

Éric Houdeau | Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique

Lutein liposomes for enhancing lutein delivery stabilized by stigmasterol: Preparation, characterization and release in vitro

2025-06-01

Lanxin Zhang , Shengnan Wang , Xinhong Liu +3 more | Journal of Food Engineering

Extraction, characterization, and evaluation of astaxanthin effects on enzymes involved in gastric ulceration, inflammation, and oxidative stress

2025-05-30

Insaf Bahrini , Muna O. Alamoudi , Jawaher Alrashdi +4 more | Journal of Food Science and Technology