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Intimate Partner and Family Violence

Works Count: 67699

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the prevalence, health consequences, risk factors, and interventions related to intimate partner violence. It covers topics such as mental and physical health effects, gender-based violence, HIV infection, adolescent dating violence, and the impact of child exposure to domestic violence.

Keywords

Intimate Partner Violence; Health Consequences; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Mental Health; Gender-based Violence; Domestic Violence; HIV Infection; Adolescent Dating Violence; Child Exposure

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011

2015-02-25

Matthew J. Breiding , Sharon G. Smith , Kathleen C. Basile +3 more

Sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence are public health problems known to have a negative impact on millions of persons in the United States each year, not only by … Sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence are public health problems known to have a negative impact on millions of persons in the United States each year, not only by way of immediate harm but also through negative long-term health impacts. Before implementation of the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) in 2010, the most recent detailed national data on the public health burden from these forms of violence were obtained from the National Violence against Women Survey conducted during 1995-1996. This report examines sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization using data from 2011. The report describes the overall prevalence of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization; racial/ethnic variation in prevalence; how types of perpetrators vary by violence type; and the age at which victimization typically begins. For intimate partner violence, the report also examines a range of negative impacts experienced as a result of victimization, including the need for services.January-December, 2011.NISVS is a national random-digit-dial telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized English- and Spanish-speaking U.S. population aged ≥18 years. NISVS gathers data on experiences of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence among adult women and men in the United States by using a dual-frame sampling strategy that includes both landline and cellular telephones. The survey was conducted in 50 states and the District of Columbia; in 2011, the second year of NISVS data collection, 12,727 interviews were completed, and 1,428 interviews were partially completed.In the United States, an estimated 19.3% of women and 1.7% of men have been raped during their lifetimes; an estimated 1.6% of women reported that they were raped in the 12 months preceding the survey. The case count for men reporting rape in the preceding 12 months was too small to produce a statistically reliable prevalence estimate. An estimated 43.9% of women and 23.4% of men experienced other forms of sexual violence during their lifetimes, including being made to penetrate, sexual coercion, unwanted sexual contact, and noncontact unwanted sexual experiences. The percentages of women and men who experienced these other forms of sexual violence victimization in the 12 months preceding the survey were an estimated 5.5% and 5.1%, respectively. An estimated 15.2% of women and 5.7% of men have been a victim of stalking during their lifetimes. An estimated 4.2% of women and 2.1% of men were stalked in the 12 months preceding the survey. With respect to sexual violence and stalking, female victims reported predominantly male perpetrators, whereas for male victims, the sex of the perpetrator varied by the specific form of violence examined. Male rape victims predominantly had male perpetrators, but other forms of sexual violence experienced by men were either perpetrated predominantly by women (i.e., being made to penetrate and sexual coercion) or split more evenly among male and female perpetrators (i.e., unwanted sexual contact and noncontact unwanted sexual experiences). In addition, male stalking victims also reported a more even mix of males and females who had perpetrated stalking against them. The lifetime and 12-month prevalences of rape by an intimate partner for women were an estimated 8.8% and 0.8%, respectively; an estimated 0.5% of men experienced rape by an intimate partner during their lifetimes, although the case count for men reporting rape by an intimate partner in the preceding 12 months was too small to produce a statistically reliable prevalence estimate. An estimated 15.8% of women and 9.5% of men experienced other forms of sexual violence by an intimate partner during their lifetimes, whereas an estimated 2.1% of both men and women experienced these forms of sexual violence by a partner in the 12 months before taking the survey. Severe physical violence by an intimate partner (including acts such as being hit with something hard, being kicked or beaten, or being burned on purpose) was experienced by an estimated 22.3% of women and 14.0% of men during their lifetimes and by an estimated 2.3% of women and 2.1% of men in the 12 months before taking the survey. Finally, the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of stalking by an intimate partner for women was an estimated 9.2% and 2.4%, respectively, while the lifetime and 12-month prevalence for men was an estimated 2.5% and 0.8%, respectively. Many victims of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence were first victimized at a young age. Among female victims of completed rape, an estimated 78.7% were first raped before age 25 years (40.4% before age 18 years). Among male victims who were made to penetrate a perpetrator, an estimated 71.0% were victimized before age 25 years (21.3% before age 18 years). In addition, an estimated 53.8% of female stalking victims and 47.7% of male stalking victims were first stalked before age 25 years (16.3% of female victims and 20.5% of male victims before age 18 years). Finally, among victims of contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner, an estimated 71.1% of women and 58.2% of men first experienced these or other forms of intimate partner violence before age 25 years (23.2% of female victims and 14.1% of male victims before age 18 years).A substantial proportion of U.S. female and male adults have experienced some form of sexual violence, stalking, or intimate partner violence at least once during their lifetimes, and the sex of perpetrators varied by the specific form of violence examined. In addition, a substantial number of U.S. adults experienced sexual violence, stalking, or intimate partner violence during the 12 months preceding the 2011 survey. Consistent with previous studies, the overall pattern of results suggest that women, in particular, are heavily impacted over their lifetime. However, the results also indicate that many men experience sexual violence, stalking, and, in particular, physical violence by an intimate partner. Because of the broad range of short- and long-term consequences known to be associated with these forms of violence, the public health burden of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence is substantial. RESULTS suggest that these forms of violence frequently are experienced at an early age because a majority of victims experienced their first victimization before age 25 years, with a substantial proportion experiencing victimization in childhood or adolescence.Because a substantial proportion of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence is experienced at a young age, primary prevention of these forms of violence must begin early. Prevention efforts should take into consideration that female sexual violence and stalking victimization is perpetrated predominately by men and that a substantial proportion of male sexual violence and stalking victimization (including rape, unwanted sexual contact, noncontact unwanted sexual experiences, and stalking) also is perpetrated by men. CDC seeks to prevent these forms of violence with strategies that address known risk factors for perpetration and by changing social norms and behaviors by using bystander and other prevention strategies. In addition, primary prevention of intimate partner violence is focused on the promotion of healthy relationship behaviors and other protective factors, with the goal of helping adolescents develop these positive behaviors before their first relationships. The early promotion of healthy relationships while behaviors are still relatively modifiable makes it more likely that young persons can avoid violence in their relationships.

Assessing for Abuse During Pregnancy

1992-06-17

Judith McFarlane

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the occurrence, frequency, and severity of physical abuse during pregnancy and associated initiation of prenatal care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Stratified, prospective cohort analysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Public prenatal clinics in Houston, … <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the occurrence, frequency, and severity of physical abuse during pregnancy and associated initiation of prenatal care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Stratified, prospective cohort analysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Public prenatal clinics in Houston, Tex, and Baltimore, Md. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Total population-based sample of 691 black, Hispanic, and white pregnant women. All of the women were urban residents and most of the Hispanic women were Mexican American. All participants were invited into the study at the first prenatal visit and were followed up until delivery. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Identification of abuse status. <h3>Results.</h3> —A three-question Abuse Assessment Screen detected a 17% (1/6) prevalence of physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy, which is more than double all previous published reports. When evaluated against nationally tested research instruments, the three-question screen that was asked at the first prenatal visit was sensitive and specific to abuse status. Abuse was recurrent, with 60% of abused women reporting two or more episodes of assault. Location of abuse focused on the head. Frequency and severity of abuse and potential danger of homicide was appreciably worse for white women. Abused women were twice as likely as nonabused women to begin prenatal care during the third trimester. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A simple clinical assessment screen completed by the health care provider in a private setting and with the male partner absent is as effective as research instruments in identifying abused women. Straightforward, routine clinical assessment is recommended as essential in preventing potential trauma, interrupting existing abuse, and protecting health. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3176-3178)

Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women

2002-10-28

Ann L. Coker , Keith E. Davis , Ileana Arias +4 more

The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: A review of the literature

2008-08-01

Stephanie Holt , Helen Buckley , Sadhbh Whelan

Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them.

1994-01-01

Amy Holtzworth‐Munroe , Gregory L. Stuart

Previous typologies of male batterers, including typologies developed by means of rational-deductive and empirical-inductive strategies, are reviewed. On the basis of this review, 3 descriptive dimensions (i.e., severity of marital … Previous typologies of male batterers, including typologies developed by means of rational-deductive and empirical-inductive strategies, are reviewed. On the basis of this review, 3 descriptive dimensions (i.e., severity of marital violence, generality of the violence [toward the wife or toward others], and psychopathology/personality disorders) that consistently have been found to distinguish among subtypes of batterers are identified. These dimensions are used to propose a typology consisting of 3 subtypes of batterers (i.e., family only, dysphoric/borderline, and generally violent/antisocial). A developmental model of marital violence is then presented, and the previous literature is reviewed to examine how each batterer subtype might differ on variables of theoretical interest. Finally, some of the methodological limitations of previous typology research are reviewed, and suggestions for future work are offered.

Does batterers' treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment

2004-01-01

Julia C. Babcock , Charles E. Green , Chet Robie

Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review

2003-10-29

Sandra M. Stith , Douglas B. Smith , Carrie E. Penn +2 more

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Research on Domestic Violence in the 1990s: Making Distinctions

2000-11-01

Michael P. Johnson , Kathleen J. Ferraro

This review of the family literature on domestic violence suggests that two broad themes of the 1990s provide the most promising directions for the future. The first is the importance … This review of the family literature on domestic violence suggests that two broad themes of the 1990s provide the most promising directions for the future. The first is the importance of distinctions among types or contexts of violence. Some distinctions are central to the theoretical and practical understanding of the nature of partner violence, others provide important contexts for developing more sensitive and comprehensive theories, and others may simply force us to question our tendency to generalize carelessly from one context to another. Second, issues of control, although most visible in the feminist literature that focuses on men using violence to control “their” women, also arise in other contexts, calling for more general analyses of the interplay of violence, power, and control in relationships. In addition to these two general themes, our review covers literature on coping with violence, the effects on victims and their children, and the social effects of partner violence. She wandered the streets, looking in shop windows. Nobody knew her here. Nobody knew what he did when the door was closed. Nobody knew. ( Brant, 1996 , pp. 281)

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Intimate Partner Violence and Incident Depressive Symptoms and Suicide Attempts: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

2013-05-07

Karen Devries , Joelle Mak , Loraine J. Bacchus +5 more

Karen Devries and colleagues conduct a systematic review of longitudinal studies to evaluate the direction of association between symptoms of depression and intimate partner violence. Please see later in the … Karen Devries and colleagues conduct a systematic review of longitudinal studies to evaluate the direction of association between symptoms of depression and intimate partner violence. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

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Patriarchal Terrorism and Common Couple Violence: Two Forms of Violence against Women

1995-05-01

Michael P. Johnson

This article tackles two distinct types of couple violence occurring within families in the US and other Western countries. A review of data from a large sample survey and of … This article tackles two distinct types of couple violence occurring within families in the US and other Western countries. A review of data from a large sample survey and of qualitative and quantitative data collected from womens shelters indicates that some families suffer from occasional display of violence from either husbands or wives (common couple violence) while other families are terrorized by systematic male violence (patriarchal terrorism). Findings of national survey also reveal the incidences of spouse abuse perpetrated by either the husband or the wife in contrast to the reports received in shelter homes with high incidence of women abuse. The differences in the gender pattern of violence between the national surveys and the statistics collected by public agencies are due to their nonoverlapping of variables. Further discussed are per couple frequency patterns of behavior in terms of escalation and reciprocity and initiation of violence. Arguments are presented regarding the validity of two radically different descriptions of the nature of couple violence in the US. Finally the study emphasized that the difference between common couple violence and patriarchal terrorism is important due to its implications for the establishment of public policy the development of educational programs and intervention strategies and the development of theories of interpersonal violence.

Intimate Partner Violence

2006-05-17

Robert S. Thompson , Amy E. Bonomi , Melissa L. Anderson +4 more

Societal Change and Change in Family Violence from 1975 to 1985 as Revealed by Two National Surveys

1986-08-01

Murray A. Straus , Richard J. Gelles

Comparisons between two national surveys conducted in 1975 and 1985 on the rates of physical violence against children and spouses are presented in this article. The sample consisted of 2143 … Comparisons between two national surveys conducted in 1975 and 1985 on the rates of physical violence against children and spouses are presented in this article. The sample consisted of 2143 families in 1975 and 3520 families in 1985. Findings showed that 1) physical child abuse decreased by 47% from 1975 to 1985; 2) wife beating decreased by 27% while severe assaults declined by 4.3%; and 3) despite these reductions the rates of child abuse and wife beating remain extremely high. The lower rates of severe violence in 1985 are attributed to several factors such as 1) differences in methodology used 2) reluctance of the respondents to report violence and 3) a decrease in the amount of child abuse and wife beating. The policy implications of the reductions and of the continued high rate of child and spouse abuse were discussed in the last part of this paper.

The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women

2013-06-21

Karen Devries , Joelle Mak , Claudı́a Garcia‐Moreno +7 more

Data from 81 countries was used to estimate global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Data from 81 countries was used to estimate global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women.

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Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review.

2000-09-01

John Archer

Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression to heterosexual partners and in its physical consequences are reported. Women were slightly more likely (d = -.05) than men to use one … Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression to heterosexual partners and in its physical consequences are reported. Women were slightly more likely (d = -.05) than men to use one or more act of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently. Men were more likely (d = .15) to inflict an injury, and overall, 62% of those injured by a partner were women. The findings partially support previous claims that different methods of measurement produce conflicting results, but there was also evidence that the sample was an important moderator of effect size. Continuous models showed that younger aged dating samples and a lower proportion of physically aggressive males predicted effect sizes in the female direction. Analyses were limited by the available database, which is biased toward young dating samples in the United States. Wider variations are discussed in terms of two conflicting norms about physical aggression to partners that operate to different degrees in different cultures.

Physical Health Consequences of Physical and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence

2000-05-01

Ann L. Coker

Past studies that have addressed the health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) have defined IPV as violence based on physical blows that frequently cause injuries. To our knowledge, no … Past studies that have addressed the health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) have defined IPV as violence based on physical blows that frequently cause injuries. To our knowledge, no epidemiologic research has assessed the physical health consequences of psychological forms of IPV.To estimate IPV prevalence by type and associated physical health consequences among women seeking primary health care.Cross-sectional survey.A total of 1152 women, aged 18 to 65 years, recruited from family practice clinics from February 1997 through January 1999 and screened for IPV during a brief in-clinic interview; health history and current status were assessed in a follow-up interview.Of 1152 women surveyed, 53.6% ever experienced any type of partner violence; 13.6% experienced psychological IPV without physical IPV. Women experiencing psychological IPV were significantly more likely to report poor physical and mental health (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.69 for physical health and 1.74 for mental health). Psychological IPV was associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, including a disability preventing work (adjusted RR, 1.49), arthritis (adjusted RR, 1.67), chronic pain (adjusted RR, 1.91), migraine (adjusted RR, 1.54) and other frequent headaches (adjusted RR, 1.41), stammering (adjusted RR, 2.31), sexually transmitted infections (adjusted RR, 1.82), chronic pelvic pain (adjusted RR, 1.62), stomach ulcers (adjusted RR, 1.72), spastic colon (adjusted RR, 3.62), and frequent indigestion, diarrhea, or constipation (adjusted RR, 1.30). Psychological IPV was as strongly associated with the majority of adverse health outcomes as was physical IPV.Psychological IPV has significant physical health consequences. To reduce the range of health consequences associated with IPV, clinicians should screen for psychological forms of IPV as well as physical and sexual IPV.

Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales

1979-02-01

Murray A. Straus

Development of research on intrafamily and violence requires both conceptual clarity and measures of the concepts. The introduction to this paper therefore seeks to clarifj and distinguish the concepts of … Development of research on intrafamily and violence requires both conceptual clarity and measures of the concepts. The introduction to this paper therefore seeks to clarifj and distinguish the concepts of conflict, conflict of interest, hostility, and violence. The main part qf the paper describes the Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. The CT Scales are designed to measure the use qf Reasoning, VerbalAggression, and Violence within the family. Information is presented on the following aspects of this instrument: theoretical rational, acceptability to respondents, scoring, factor structure, reliability, validity, and norms for a nationally representative sample of 2,143 couples.

Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences

2002-05-27

Jacquelyn Campbell , Alison Snow Jones , Jacqueline Dienemann +5 more

Background: Domestic violence results in long-term and immediate health problems.This study compared selected physical health problems of abused and never abused women with similar access to health care.Methods: A case-control … Background: Domestic violence results in long-term and immediate health problems.This study compared selected physical health problems of abused and never abused women with similar access to health care.Methods: A case-control study of enrollees in a multisite metropolitan health maintenance organization sampled 2535 women enrollees aged 21 to 55 years who responded to an invitation to participate; 447 (18%) could not be contacted, 7 (0.3%) were ineligible, and 76 (3%) refused, yielding a sample of 2005.The Abuse Assessment Screen identified women physically and/or sexually abused between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1997, resulting in 201 cases.The 240 controls were a random sample of never abused women.The general health perceptions subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey measured general health.The Miller Abuse Physical Symptom and Injury Scale measured abuse-specific health problems.Results: Cases and controls differed in ethnicity, mari-tal status, educational level, and income.Direct weights were used to standardize for comparisons.Significance was tested using logistic and negative binomial regressions.Abused women had more (PϽ.05)headaches, back pain, sexually transmitted diseases, vaginal bleeding, vaginal infections, pelvic pain, painful intercourse, urinary tract infections, appetite loss, abdominal pain, and digestive problems.Abused women also had more (PՅ.001)gynecological, chronic stress-related, central nervous system, and total health problems.Conclusions: Abused women have a 50% to 70% increase in gynecological, central nervous system, and stressrelated problems, with women sexually and physically abused most likely to report problems.Routine universal screening and sensitive in-depth assessment of women presenting with frequent gynecological, chronic stressrelated, or central nervous system complaints are needed to support disclosure of domestic violence.

Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

2006-10-01

Claudia García‐Moreno , Henrica A. F. M. Jansen , Mary Ellsberg +2 more

Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy, and Suicidality

2001-08-01

Jay G. Silverman

ContextIntimate partner violence against women is a major public health concern. Research among adults has shown that younger age is a consistent risk factor for experiencing and perpetrating intimate partner … ContextIntimate partner violence against women is a major public health concern. Research among adults has shown that younger age is a consistent risk factor for experiencing and perpetrating intimate partner violence. However, no representative epidemiologic studies of lifetime prevalence of dating violence among adolescents have been conducted.ObjectiveTo assess lifetime prevalence of physical and sexual violence from dating partners among adolescent girls and associations of these forms of violence with specific health risks.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFemale 9th through 12th-grade students who participated in the 1997 and 1999 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 1977 and 2186, respectively).Main Outcome MeasuresLifetime prevalence rates of physical and sexual dating violence and whether such violence is independently associated with substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality.ResultsApproximately 1 in 5 female students (20.2% in 1997 and 18.0% in 1999) reported being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner. After controlling for the effects of potentially confounding demographics and risk behaviors, data from both surveys indicate that physical and sexual dating violence against adolescent girls is associated with increased risk of substance use (eg, cocaine use for 1997, odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-9.6; for 1999, OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.7), unhealthy weight control behaviors (eg, use of laxatives and/or vomiting [for 1997, OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8-5.5; for 1999, OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.2-6.5]), sexual risk behaviors (eg, first intercourse before age 15 years [for 1997, OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 5.1-13.4; for 1999, OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2]), pregnancy (for 1997, OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.4-11.7; for 1999, OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9-7.8), and suicidality (eg, attempted suicide [for 1997, OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 4.7-12.3; for 1999, OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 5.2-14.4]).ConclusionDating violence is extremely prevalent among this population, and adolescent girls who report a history of experiencing dating violence are more likely to exhibit other serious health risk behaviors.

Prevalence and Consequences of Male-to-female and Female-to-male Intimate Partner Violence as Measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey

2000-02-01

Patricia Tjaden , Nancy Thoennes

Using data from a telephone survey of 8,000 U.S. men and 8,000 U.S. women, this study compares the prevalence and consequences of violence perpetrated against men and women by marital … Using data from a telephone survey of 8,000 U.S. men and 8,000 U.S. women, this study compares the prevalence and consequences of violence perpetrated against men and women by marital and opposite-sex cohabiting partners. The study found that married/cohabiting women reported significantly more intimate perpetrated rape, physical assault, and stalking than did married/cohabiting men, whether the time period considered was the respondent's lifetime or the 12 months preceding the survey. Women also reported more frequent and longer lasting victimization, fear of bodily injury, time lost from work, injuries, and use of medical, mental health, and justice system services.

Health consequences of intimate partner violence

2002-04-01

Jacquelyn C. Campbell

Conflict and Control

2006-10-17

Michael P. Johnson

Four types of individual partner violence are identified based on the dyadic control context of the violence. In intimate terrorism, the individual is violent and controlling, the partner is not. … Four types of individual partner violence are identified based on the dyadic control context of the violence. In intimate terrorism, the individual is violent and controlling, the partner is not. In violent resistance, the individual is violent but not controlling; the partner is the violent and controlling one. In situational couple violence, although the individual is violent, neither the individual nor the partner is violent and controlling. In mutual violent control, the individual and the partner are violent and controlling. Evidence is presented that situational couple violence dominates in general surveys, intimate terrorism and violent resistance dominate in agency samples, and this is the source of differences across studies with respect to the gender symmetry of partner violence. An argument is made that if we want to understand partner violence, intervene effectively in individual cases, or make useful policy recommendations, we must make these distinctions in our research.

The Victimization of Children and Youth: A Comprehensive, National Survey

2004-12-20

David Finkelhor , Richard Ormrod , Heather A. Turner +1 more

This study examined a large spectrum of violence, crime, and victimization experiences in a nationally representative sample of children and youth ages 2 to 17 years. More than one half … This study examined a large spectrum of violence, crime, and victimization experiences in a nationally representative sample of children and youth ages 2 to 17 years. More than one half (530 per 1,000) of the children and youth had experienced a physical assault in the study year, more than 1 in 4 (273 per 1,000) a property offense, more than 1 in 8 (136 per 1,000) a form of child maltreatment, 1 in 12 (82 per 1,000) a sexual victimization, and more than 1 in 3 (357 per 1,000) had been a witness to violence or experienced another form of indirect victimization. Only a minority (29%) had no direct or indirect victimization. The mean number of victimizations for a child or youth with any victimization was 3.0, and a child or youth with one victimization had a 69% chance of experiencing another during a single year.

Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa

2004-05-01

Kristin Dunkle , Rachel Jewkes , Heather Brown +3 more

Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review.

2003-01-01

Katherine M. Kitzmann , Noni K. Gaylord , Aimee R. Holt +1 more

This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d = -0.29). Group … This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d = -0.29). Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (d = -0.40) and children from verbally aggressive homes (d = -0.28). but witnesses' outcomes were not significantly different from those of physically abused children (d = 0.15) or physically abused witnesses (d = 0.13). Several methodological variables moderated these results. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with slight evidence for greater risk among preschoolers. Recommendations for future research are made, taking into account practical and theoretical issues in this area.

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Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

2003-07-24

Miriam K. Ehrensaft , Patricia Cohen , J. F. Brown +3 more

An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, … An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to and from an adult partner. Conduct disorder (CD) was the strongest risk for perpetrating partner violence for both sexes, followed by ETDV, and power assertive punishment. The effect of child abuse was attributable to these 3 risks. ETDV conferred the greatest risk of receiving partner violence; CD increased the odds of receiving partner violence but did not mediate this effect. Child physical abuse and CD in adolescence were strong independent risks for injury to a partner. SUD mediated the effect of adolescent CD on injury to a partner but not on injury by a partner. Prevention implications are highlighted.

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence

2012-01-01

Deborah M. Capaldi , Naomi B. Knoble , Joann Wu Shortt +1 more

The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)

1996-05-01

Murray A. Straus , Sherry Hamby , Sue Boney‐McCoy +1 more

This article describes a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship; and also use of … This article describes a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship; and also use of negotiation. The CTS2 has (a) additional items to enhance content validity and reliability; (b) revised wording to increase clarity and specificity; (c) better differentiation between minor and severe levels of each scale; (d) new scales to measure sexual coercion and physical injury; and (e) a new format to simplify administration and reduce response sets. Reliability ranges from .79 to .95. There is preliminary evidence of construct validity.

Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results From a Multisite Case Control Study

2003-07-01

Jacquelyn C. Campbell , Daniel Webster , Jane Koziol‐McLain +7 more

Objectives. This 11-city study sought to identify risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships. Methods. Proxies of 220 intimate partner femicide victims identified from police or medical examiner records were … Objectives. This 11-city study sought to identify risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships. Methods. Proxies of 220 intimate partner femicide victims identified from police or medical examiner records were interviewed, along with 343 abused control women. Results. Preincident risk factors associated in multivariate analyses with increased risk of intimate partner femicide included perpetrator’s access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, perpetrator’s stepchild in the home, and estrangement, especially from a controlling partner. Never living together and prior domestic violence arrest were associated with lowered risks. Significant incident factors included the victim having left for another partner and the perpetrator’s use of a gun. Other significant bivariate-level risks included stalking, forced sex, and abuse during pregnancy. Conclusions. There are identifiable risk factors for intimate partner femicides.

What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

2011-02-16

Tanya Abramsky , Charlotte Watts , Claudia García‐Moreno +5 more

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health and human rights concern. Despite a growing body of research into risk factors for IPV, methodological differences limit the … Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health and human rights concern. Despite a growing body of research into risk factors for IPV, methodological differences limit the extent to which comparisons can be made between studies. We used data from ten countries included in the WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence to identify factors that are consistently associated with abuse across sites, in order to inform the design of IPV prevention programs. Standardised population-based household surveys were done between 2000 and 2003. One woman aged 15-49 years was randomly selected from each sampled household. Those who had ever had a male partner were asked about their experiences of physically and sexually violent acts. We performed multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of physical and/or sexual partner violence within the past 12 months. Despite wide variations in the prevalence of IPV, many factors affected IPV risk similarly across sites. Secondary education, high SES, and formal marriage offered protection, while alcohol abuse, cohabitation, young age, attitudes supportive of wife beating, having outside sexual partners, experiencing childhood abuse, growing up with domestic violence, and experiencing or perpetrating other forms of violence in adulthood, increased the risk of IPV. The strength of the association was greatest when both the woman and her partner had the risk factor. IPV prevention programs should increase focus on transforming gender norms and attitudes, addressing childhood abuse, and reducing harmful drinking. Development initiatives to improve access to education for girls and boys may also have an important role in violence prevention.

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The world report on violence and health

2002-10-01

Etienne Krug , James A. Mercy , Linda L. Dahlberg +1 more

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Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention

2002-04-01

Rachel Jewkes

Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study

2008-04-01

Mary Ellsberg , Henrica A. F. M. Jansen , Lori Heise +2 more

The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women.

1987-09-01

Wini Breines , Diana E. H. Russell

This landmark book, based on a scientifically sound, large-scale study, presents convincing evidence that both the incidence and the consequences of incest have been grossly underestimated.. The Secret Trauma remains … This landmark book, based on a scientifically sound, large-scale study, presents convincing evidence that both the incidence and the consequences of incest have been grossly underestimated.. The Secret Trauma remains the definitive argument for the overwhelming prevalence of incestuous abuse. Based on findings about San Francisco, the book makes a persuasive case for an epidemic of abuse on a national scale. In a new introduction to the revised edition, Russell takes on the most important issue to arise in the field since the book was originally published in 1986: the serious backlash that followed the outpouring of reports by victims/survivors, and the controversy over false accusations and false memories. } The Secret Trauma remains the definitive argument for the overwhelming prevalence of incestuous abuse. Based on findings about San Francisco, the book makes a persuasive case for an epidemic of abuse on a national scale. In her nuanced and sophisticated analysis, Russell carefully explores the complex variables of incestuous abuse: the changing incidence of abuse over time, the severity of th abuse, the victims age, factors of class, race, and ethnicity, and long term effects on victims.In a new introduction to the revised edition, Russell takes on the most important issue to arise in the field since the book was originally published in 1986: the serious backlash that followed the outpouring of reports by victims/survivors, and the controversy over false accusations and false memories. }

Physical Violence in American Families, 1985

1989-08-02

Richard J. Gelles , Murray A. Straus

The informative and controversial findings in this book are based on two path-breaking national surveys of American families. Both show that while the family may be the central locus of … The informative and controversial findings in this book are based on two path-breaking national surveys of American families. Both show that while the family may be the central locus of love and support, it is also the locus of risk for those who are physically assaulted. The book provides a wealth of information on gender differences and similarities in violence, and on the effects of gender roles and inequality. Two landmark American studies of violence from the National Family Violence survey form the basis of this book. Both show that while the family may be the central locus of love and support, it is also the locus of risk for those who are being physically assaulted. This is particularly true for women and children, who are statistically more at risk of assault in their own homes than on the streets of any American city. Physical Violence in American Families provides a wealth of information on gender differences and similarities in violence, and on the effects of gender roles and inequality. It is essential for anyone doing empirical research or clinical assessment.

Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women

2000-01-01

Patricia Tjaden , Nancy Thoennes

Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse

1989-01-01

Kersti Yllö , Michele Bograd , Maureen C. McHugh

Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence

2000-01-01

Patricia Tjaden , Nancy Thoennes

An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives

2020-04-12

Andrew M. Campbell

Though necessary to slow the spread of the novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), actions such as social-distancing, sheltering in-place, restricted travel, and closures of key community foundations are likely to dramatically increase … Though necessary to slow the spread of the novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), actions such as social-distancing, sheltering in-place, restricted travel, and closures of key community foundations are likely to dramatically increase the risk for family violence around the globe. In fact many countries are already indicating a dramatic increase in reported cases of domestic violence. While no clear precedent for the current crisis exists in academic literature, exploring the impact of natural disasters on family violence reports may provide important insight for family violence victim-serving professionals. Improving collaborations between human welfare and animal welfare agencies, expanding community partnerships, and informing the public of the great importance of reporting any concerns of abuse are all critical at this time.

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Family violence and COVID‐19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support

2020-04-21

Kim Usher , Navjot Bhullar , Joanne Durkin +2 more

Family violence refers to threatening or other violent behaviours within families that may be physical, sexual, psychological, or economic, and can include child abuse and intimate partner violence (Peterman et … Family violence refers to threatening or other violent behaviours within families that may be physical, sexual, psychological, or economic, and can include child abuse and intimate partner violence (Peterman et al. 2020, van Gelder et al. 2020). Family violence during pandemics is associated with a range of factors including economic stress, disaster-related instability, increased exposure to exploitative relationships, and reduced options for support (Peterman et al. 2020). Due to the social isolation measures implemented across the globe to help reduce the spread of COVID-19, people living in volatile situations of family violence are restricted to their homes. Social isolation exacerbates personal and collective vulnerabilities while limiting accessible and familiar support options (van Gelder et al. 2020). In many countries, including Australia, we have already seen an increase in demand for domestic violence services and reports of increased risk for children not attending schools (Duncan, 2020), a pattern similar to previous episodes of social isolation associated with epidemics and pandemics (Boddy, Young & O'Leary 2020). In Australia, as stay-at-home orders came into force, the police in some parts of the country reported a 40% drop in crime overall, but a 5% increase in domestic abuse call-outs (Kagi 2020). At the same time in Australia, Google reported a 75% increase in Internet searches relating to support for domestic abuse (Poate 2020). This pattern is repeated internationally. Reports of domestic abuse and family violence have increased around the world since social isolation and quarantine measures came into force. Recently, anecdotal evidence from the United States, China, Brazil, and Australia indicates increases in intimate partner, women, and children violence due to isolation and quarantine (Campbell 2020; Peterman et al. 2020; van Gelder et al. 2020). China, the first country to impose mass quarantine in the Wuhan province, saw reported domestic abuse incidents rise threefold in February 2020 compared to the previous year (Allen-Ebrahimian 2020). As Europe imposed quarantine measures in an effort to slow the tide of infection, the Italian government began commissioning hotels to provide shelter to the increasing number of people fleeing abusive situations (Davies & Batha 2020). Similarly, France reported a 32% - 36% increase in domestic abuse complaints following the implementation of self-isolation and quarantine measures (Reuters News Agency 2020). France also began commissioning hotels as shelters for those fleeing abuse. As quarantine measures extended to the United States, individual states reported similar increases in domestic abuse incidents ranging from 21% to 35% (Wagers 2020). Back in Europe, the UK has also seen concerns about increase in family violence (Bradbury-Jones & Isham 2020). There have been reports of homicide associated with family violence in several countries (Bradbury-Jones & Isham 2020; Reuters News Agency 2020). The National Domestic Abuse Hotline in the UK saw a 25% increase in calls since stay-at-home measures were implemented (Kelly & Morgan 2020), recording at least eight family violence-related deaths (Knowles 2020). As the novel coronavirus outbreak has intensified globally, countries are adopting dedicated measures to slow the spread of the virus through mitigation and containment (van Gelder et al. 2020; Campbell 2020). Social distancing and isolation are central to the public health strategy adopted by many countries, and in many settings, penalties are in place for any person who breaches these imposed restrictions. Social isolation requires families to remain in their homes resulting in intense and unrelieved contact as well as the depletion of existing support networks, such as through extended family as well as through social or community-based support networks for families at risk. Additionally, isolation places children at greater risk of neglect as well as physical, emotional, sexual, and domestic abuse (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children [NSPCC] 2020). Due to (necessary) imposed social distancing and isolation strategies, and the resulting shortages of essential resources and economic consequences of these measures, people globally are living under stressful conditions. While social isolation is an effective measure of infection control, it can lead to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences, which can be the catalyst for stress that can lead to violence. Isolation paired with psychological and economic stressors accompanying the pandemic as well as potential increases in negative coping mechanisms (e.g. excessive alcohol consumption) can come together in a perfect storm to trigger an unprecedented wave of family violence (van Gelder et al. 2020). In Australia, as social distancing measures came into place, alcohol good sales rose more than 36% (Commonwealth Bank Group 2020), and as restaurants, bars, and pubs closed, people are now drinking more within the confines of their homes. Unemployment figures around the world have rapidly risen into the double digits, with millions signing up for welfare payments and a worldwide recession predicted in the near future (Kennedy 2020). Substance misuse, financial strain, and isolation are all well-known domestic abuse risk factors (Richards 2009). During isolation, there are also fewer opportunities for people living with family violence to call for help. Isolation also helps to keep the abuse hidden with physical or emotional signs of family violence and abuse less visible to others (Stark 2009). Reports show that COVID-19 is used as a coercive control mechanism whereby perpetrators exert further control in an abusive relationship, specifically in the use of containment, fear, and threat of contagion as a mechanism of abuse. In Australia, charities providing support to people experiencing domestic abuse have highlighted concerns specifically related to reports from people whose intimate partners are using COVID-19 as a form of abuse. There have been reports of misinformation used by intimate partners related to the extent of quarantine measures (Gearin & Knight 2020) and other forms of COVID-19-related abuse (Fielding 2020). Further, there are reports that those experiencing domestic abuse may be afraid to go to hospital for fear of contracting COVID-19 (Fielding 2020). We recognize that these are challenging times for all of us, but especially for the most vulnerable families and children. The United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recently called for countries to prioritize support and set up emergency warning systems for people living with family violence (News Wires 2020). Pharmacies and grocery stores in France are now providing emergency warning systems to help enable people to indicate that they are in danger and need support (Guenfound 2020), through the introduction of code words to alert staff they need help (Davies & Batha 2020). Domestic abuse support agencies in some areas have published specific guidance on domestic abuse in COVID-19 focussing on what friends and family can do to support people who are isolated (Domestic Violence Resource Centre Australia [DVRCA] 2020). Charities are also recognizing the role that neighbours can play in supporting people living with family violence, providing advice on what to listen for and look for while they themselves are home, and encouraging conversation with neighbours (Gerster 2020). The fear and uncertainty associated with pandemics provide an enabling environment that may exacerbate or spark diverse forms of violence. Actions such as social distancing, sheltering in place, restricted travel, and closures of key community resources are likely to dramatically increase the risk of family violence (Campbell, 2020). Governments and policymakers must create awareness about an increased risk of violence during pandemics and highlight the need for people to keep in touch with each other (while observing precautionary measures) and the great importance of reporting any concerns of abuse. It is important to remember that maintaining social connectedness is an important strategy during times of isolation (Usher et al. 2020), even more so with family or friends you suspect may be at risk of family violence. In addition, information about services available locally (e.g. hotlines, tele-health, respite services, shelters, rape crisis centres, and counselling) must be made known to the general public through a range of sources, including social media, the mainstream media, and health facilities. Mental health professionals can support people by providing first-line psychological support, including listening empathetically and without judgment, enquiring about needs and concerns, validating peoples' experiences and feelings, enhancing safety, and connecting people to relevant support services (WHO 2020).

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Violence Against Women

1998-06-01

Lori Heise

This article encourages the widespread adoption of an integrated, ecological framework for understanding the origins of gender-based violence. An ecological approach to abuse conceptualizes violence as a multifaceted phenomenon grounded … This article encourages the widespread adoption of an integrated, ecological framework for understanding the origins of gender-based violence. An ecological approach to abuse conceptualizes violence as a multifaceted phenomenon grounded in an interplay among personal, situational, and sociocultural factors. Although drawing on the conceptual advances of earlier theorists, this article goes beyond their work in three significant ways. First, it uses the ecological framework as a heuristic tool to organize the existing research base into an intelligible whole. Whereas other theorists present the framework as a way to think about violence, few have attempted to establish what factors emerge as predictive of abuse at each level of the social ecology. Second, this article integrates results from international and cross-cultural research together with findings from North American social science. And finally, the framework draws from findings related to all types of physical and sexual abuse of women to encourage a more integrated approach to theory building regarding gender-based abuse.

Journal of Inter Personal Violence

2004-12-24

Jennie G. Noll , Penelope K. Trickett , William J. Harris +1 more

This multigenerational study empirically demonstrates the extent to which offspring whose parents experienced childhood abuse are at increased risk of being abused or neglected.Females with substantiated childhood sexual abuse and … This multigenerational study empirically demonstrates the extent to which offspring whose parents experienced childhood abuse are at increased risk of being abused or neglected.Females with substantiated childhood sexual abuse and nonabused comparison females were assessed at six points spanning 18 years in a prospective, longitudinal study.Nonabusing parents or caregivers and offspring were also assessed.Descriptive results indicate that offspring born to mothers with histories of sexual abuse were more likely to be born preterm, have a teenage mother, and be involved in protective services.Abused mothers were more likely to be high-school dropouts, be obese, and have experienced psychiatric problems, substance dependence, and domestic violence.Results provide evidence for the advantages of intervention and prevention programs for victims of childhood maltreatment and their families.Primary prevention/intervention efforts extending throughout development and focusing on the cumulative risk to offspring will likely improve victim outcomes and curtail intergenerational transmission of adversity.

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A typology of domestic violence: intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence

2009-07-01

Michael P. Johnson

Domestic violence, a serious and far-reaching social problem, has generated two key debates among researchers. The first debate is about gender and domestic violence. Some scholars argue that domestic violence … Domestic violence, a serious and far-reaching social problem, has generated two key debates among researchers. The first debate is about gender and domestic violence. Some scholars argue that domestic violence is primarily male-perpetrated, others that women are as violent as men in intimate relationships. Johnson's response to this debate - and the central theme of this book - is that there is more than one type of intimate partner violence. Some studies address the type of violence that is perpetrated primarily by men, while others are getting at the kind of violence that women are involved in as well. Because there has been no theoretical framework delineating types of domestic violence, researchers have easily misread one another's studies.The second major debate involves how many women are abused each year by their partners. Estimates range from two to six million. Johnson's response once again comes from this book's central theme. If there is more than one type of intimate partner violence, then the numbers depend on what type you're talking about.Johnson argues that domestic violence is not a unitary phenomenon. Instead, he delineates three major, dramatically different, forms of partner violence: intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. He roots the conceptual distinctions among the forms of violence in an analysis of the role of power and control in relationship violence and shows that the failure to make these basic distinctions among types of partner violence has produced a research literature that is plagued by both overgeneralizations and ostensibly contradictory findings. This volume begins the work of theorizing forms of domestic violence, a crucial first step to a better understanding of these phenomena among scholars, social scientists, policy makers, and service providers.It reassesses thirty years of domestic violence research and demonstrates three forms of partner violence, distinctive in their origins, effects, and treatments.

Prevalence of domestic violence among women in Assam tea estates, India: examining links with marital adjustment, mental health, and alcohol use

2025-06-24

P. Das , Arif Ali , Fayaz Ahmad Paul +1 more | Social Work in Mental Health

Gender-based violence in Papua New Guinea: An intervention to change knowledge, beliefs and behaviours

2025-06-24

Karen O’Reilly , Jane Fowler | Global Public Health

Gender-based violence (GBV) in Papua New Guinea has resulted in the country's recognition as one of the most dangerous places on the planet for women to live [Human Rights Watch. … Gender-based violence (GBV) in Papua New Guinea has resulted in the country's recognition as one of the most dangerous places on the planet for women to live [Human Rights Watch. (2017). Papua New Guinea: Events of 2016. World Report. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/papua-new-guinea] . This study explored the effectiveness of a training programme to change human service providers' (HSPs) knowledge, beliefs and behaviour about GBV. Qualitative (written responses to questions) and quantitative (Social norms and beliefs about gender-based violence scale) data were collected pre- and post-training. HSPs showed increased understanding about the causes of GBV and ways of addressing this major health concern, and positive change in beliefs about and willingness to act on GBV, after training. This study has advanced research by formally evaluating GBV training in a non-Western, developing country. Results provide strong support for the effectiveness of such training. Suggestions for practice and future research are provided in the paper.

Child-To-Parent Violence is the Canary in the Coal Mine: Associations with Experiences of Violence in Adulthood

2025-06-24

Travis Harries , Richelle Mayshak , Ryan Baldwin +3 more | Victims & Offenders

Help-Seeking by Women and Men After Experiencing Any IPV, Including Physical, Sexual, and Psychological IPV, Controlling Behaviors, or Economic Abuse: A Population-Based Study From New Zealand

2025-06-24

Janet Fanslow , Brooklyn M. Mellar , Zarintaj Malihi +2 more | Journal of Interpersonal Violence

Among women and men who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), what proportion had contact with informal or formal sources of help, and how helpful were these sources considered? Does … Among women and men who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), what proportion had contact with informal or formal sources of help, and how helpful were these sources considered? Does the type of violence experienced influence the likelihood of help-seeking? One thousand, four hundred sixty-four ever-partnered women, 1,423 ever-partnered men. This study used a population-based and representative sample of New Zealand women and men who experienced IPV to present descriptive statistics of those who sought help from informal (e.g., family and friends) or formal (e.g., police, healthcare providers) sources. Comparisons were undertaken to determine whether respondent characteristics or types of violence experienced were associated with the likelihood of seeking help. The perceived effectiveness of the help, and reasons for seeking/not seeking help were explored. For women, 28.4% told no one about the IPV, 33.3% told informal sources, 30.6% told both formal and informal sources, and 7.7% told only formal sources. For men, 53.5% told no one, 26.1% told only informal sources, 13.5% told both formal and informal sources, and 6.9% told only formal sources. There were notable gaps between seeking help and the perceived helpfulness of both informal and formal sources; gender-specific information on helpfulness is presented. Of those who did seek help, most reported motivating reasons associated with serious concerns or experience of violence. For both women and men, the type of IPV experienced was significantly associated with seeking both formal and informal help. Enabling and resourcing informal helpers could have important implications for supporting and encouraging contact with formal helping services, which could support opportunities for long-term recovery from violence. Additional work to energize and enable formal services across multiple sectors is needed to fulfill policy ambitions of providing safe, accessible, and integrated responses, and providing increased capacity for healing for those who experience violence.

ATUAÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM FORENSE NA ASSISTÊNCIA E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA A CRIANÇA

2025-06-24

Kamila Camelo de Andrade , Alexandre Soares , Iane Brito Leal | Revista fisio&terapia.

The Scope and Consequences of System Responses to Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Scoping Review

2025-06-24

Hannah Ruth Steinke , Gage W. Littlejohn , Jacquelyn C.A. Meshelemiah | Journal of Family Violence

‘It’s less traumatic because you’re in your own home’: exploring trauma-informed care for digital sexual health services – a secondary qualitative data analysis

2025-06-24

Aidan Conway , Jo Gibbs , Tommer Spence +5 more | Sexually Transmitted Infections

Objectives Trauma—an event or circumstance causing an individual physical and/or emotional harm—is associated with adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Trauma-informed care … Objectives Trauma—an event or circumstance causing an individual physical and/or emotional harm—is associated with adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a systematic framework that recognises and addresses the impact of trauma through an organisation’s policies, practices and environment. Online delivery of sexual health services has rapidly become a standard of care in England; therefore, our research aims to provide valuable insights for implementing TIC in digital platforms. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of qualitative data from two mixed methods studies that conducted semi-structured interviews with n=100 and n=25 sexual health service users following purposive sampling. A sample of 11 transcripts was included, and an inductive–deductive approach was used to analyse the data. Results Our findings highlight six key themes of TIC: (1) Safety, (2) Trust and Transparency, (3) Peer Support and Self-Help, (4) Collaboration and Choice and (5) Cultural, Historical and Gender Issues. Participants reported that online postal self-sampling offered more privacy, comfort and control than in-person testing. They appreciated the use of gender-inclusive language and identified online postal self-sampling as a ‘safer option’ for individuals who fear being misgendered in clinical settings. However, some were concerned about providing sensitive information online, such as information about sexual partners or gender identity. There was limited evidence of peer support, and participants recommended improved signposting to sexual assault reporting and other trauma-related resources. Conclusions This is the first known qualitative study exploring the intersection between TIC and digital sexual health interventions. Our study provides insight into how current online postal self-sampling practices facilitate the principles of TIC and which gaps remain. Future research should explore how these principles can be adapted to make digital sexual health services more trauma-informed.

Closing the Gap: The Need to Eliminate Loopholes in Legislation at the Intersection of Gun Violence and Intimate Partner Violence

2025-06-24

R. P. Pulliam , Karl E. Bauman , Jalen Smith +2 more | Undergraduate Journal of Public Health

Gun violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two public health issues that intersect significantly in the United States, contributing to the urgent need for legislative changes. There is federal … Gun violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two public health issues that intersect significantly in the United States, contributing to the urgent need for legislative changes. There is federal legislation that aims to address the rising firearm-related deaths that result from IPV by prohibiting persons convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence offenses from possessing firearms. Yet, this legislation leaves loopholes in interpretation by each state, whereby some have chosen to strengthen and others to weaken regulations. Gaps persist in legal definitions of “domestic violence” as well as how the removal of firearms is enforced. To address the intersection of these two life-threatening public health issues, federal legislation must be amended to increase clarity and standardize processes of enforcement. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the shortcomings among current IPV-related firearm legislation while recommending that further action be taken to amend these considerations. Specifically, the Strengthening Protections for Domestic Violence and Stalking Survivors Act of 2023 could account for the omitted considerations among current legislation. In turn, this will extend protections to more individuals and may prevent cases of firearm-related intimate partner violence.

Equipping community health workers in Rwanda to deliver a gender transformative parenting program to prevent violence against women and children at scale

2025-06-23

Kate Doyle , Isha Bhatnagar , Emmanuel Karamage +7 more | Frontiers in Reproductive Health

Introduction In Rwanda, the Bandebereho program has demonstrated long-term reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children. Since 2019, the program has partnered with government to train community … Introduction In Rwanda, the Bandebereho program has demonstrated long-term reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children. Since 2019, the program has partnered with government to train community health workers (CHWs) to deliver at scale. Evidence on how to equip CHWs to deliver Bandebereho, or similar programs, with quality and fidelity is needed to support scaling. This study sought to assess the impact of training on CHWs and their capacity to deliver Bandebereho during scale up. Methods A pre/post, follow-up study was conducted with 573 CHWs in Burera district. Data were collected at three time points over 20 months using self-administered questionnaires (pre/post) and a follow-up phone survey. Questionnaires gathered data on CHW attitudes about gender roles and violence, self-reported skills, knowledge and confidence to implement Bandebereho, and training impacts on partner relations and community work. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Results The pre-survey was completed by 562 CHWs and 564 CHWs completed the post-survey after six to nine months. The phone survey was administered to 506 CHWs at follow-up (at 17–19 months). Analysis of changes between pre- and post-surveys found CHWs had more equitable gender attitudes after the training. Linear regression analysis found that CHWs with some secondary education (coefficient: −2.15, p &lt; 0.01) and more than three years' experience (coefficient: −2.27, p &lt; 0.001) were less likely to hold inequitable attitudes. At post-survey, CHWs reported a high level of preparedness to implement, regardless of gender. A majority reported improved partner relations, including greater partner support for their community work. At follow-up, a majority of CHWs reported a high degree of comfort and confidence implementing Bandebereho, and benefits to their work and personal relationships. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of investing in high-quality facilitator training, which allows sufficient time for facilitators' own transformation, to maintain quality and fidelity at scale. The findings underscore the importance of a slow and steady approach, with sufficient time to adapt, test, and refine IPV programs for scale, which can also support a progressive handover to government. The findings may support program originators who seek to scale proven IPV prevention programs with government in other settings.

Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Task-Shared Intervention for Common Mental Disorders in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in India: A Mixed Methods Study

2025-06-23

Abhijit Nadkarni , Devika Gupta , Kedar Mirchandani +7 more | Violence Against Women

Our mixed-methods study evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of a lay-counselor-delivered low-intensity psychosocial intervention for women who experienced intimate partner violence in India. We found statistically significant improvements in mental … Our mixed-methods study evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of a lay-counselor-delivered low-intensity psychosocial intervention for women who experienced intimate partner violence in India. We found statistically significant improvements in mental health outcomes like depression and anxiety. Participants also reported positive changes in thoughts, behavior, emotional management, relationships, self-care, and daily functioning. The use of lay-counselors offers a scalable solution in resource-limited settings, addressing a critical need in low- and middle-income countries. This approach highlights a novel and effective strategy for supporting IPV survivors in culturally diverse contexts.

VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA, RACISMO E BIOÉTICA: DESVELANDO DISPARIDADES NO CUIDADO À SAÚDE DA MULHER

2025-06-23

Francisco Clébison Chaves Lopes , Thaina Jacome Andrade de Lima , Isabelle Dantas Medeiros +3 more | Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação

A violência de gênero reflete a persistência de desigualdades e abusos baseados em construções sociais e culturais. Uma das faces desse tipo de violência, a violência obstétrica, ocorre no contexto … A violência de gênero reflete a persistência de desigualdades e abusos baseados em construções sociais e culturais. Uma das faces desse tipo de violência, a violência obstétrica, ocorre no contexto dos serviços de saúde e é expressa por meio de uma assistência desumanizada, abusos e negligências. Mulheres negras são particularmente afetadas, reflexo do racismo estrutural e institucionalizado que contribui para uma maior incidência de mortalidade materna entre esse grupo. Este artigo discute sobre a violência obstétrica e outras formas de opressão que a atravessam, sob a perspectiva da bioética de proteção e intervenção, com a finalidade de propor reflexões que contribuam para transformar as práticas de saúde visando a construção de um sistema de saúde mais inclusivo, igualitário e respeitoso para todas as mulheres.

Violência autoprovocada e adolescência no Brasil: análise das notificações do período de 2012 a 2022

2025-06-23

Tarciso Feijó da Silva , Roberta Georgia Sousa dos Santos , Verônica Caé da Silva +2 more | Revista Enfermagem UERJ

Objetivo: descrever o perfil das notificações de violência autoprovocada entre adolescentes no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2012 a 2022. Método: estudo descritivo epidemiológico baseado em … Objetivo: descrever o perfil das notificações de violência autoprovocada entre adolescentes no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2012 a 2022. Método: estudo descritivo epidemiológico baseado em dados secundários do SINAN, abrangendo adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Foram analisados dados sobre sexo, faixa etária, região de ocorrência, escolaridade e raça. Resultados: entre 2012 e 2022, foram notificados 824.430 casos de violência autoprovocada, com prevalência entre adolescentes do sexo feminino (69%). A região sudeste concentrou a maior parte das notificações (44%), a região nordeste apresentou a maior variação percentual proporcional (216,66%). Conclusão: a violência autoprovocada entre adolescentes no Brasil é um grave problema de saúde pública, com prevalência entre meninas. É fundamental implementar políticas públicas que promovam a saúde mental e previnam comportamentos autolesivos. As ações do Programa Saúde na Escola e outras ações intersetoriais são relevantes para o apoio dos adolescentes em risco.

Correction to “A systematic review and meta-analysis of bystander intervention programs for intimate partner violence and sexual assault” by Park and Kim (2023).

2025-06-23

| Psychology of Violence

Intergenerational Transmission of Domestic Violence in Peruvian Families: A Qualitative Study

2025-06-23

Flor Vilches , Luisa Mazeyra , Andrea Quintanilla +1 more | Social Sciences

Domestic violence is a public health problem that has important consequences for the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and their families, leading to negative effects on future generations, … Domestic violence is a public health problem that has important consequences for the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and their families, leading to negative effects on future generations, which are exacerbated or inhibited by individual, social and cultural factors. This qualitative study aimed to explore the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence in Peruvian families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an adolescent, a mother and a grandfather from nine families. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis revealed the importance of traditional gender norms, machismo and marianismo, in intergenerational transmission. Other important subthemes in maintenance were irritability, social learning, alcohol consumption and economic dependence. On the other hand, support networks, overcoming trauma, knowing how to choose a partner, education and separation were subthemes identified as protective factors and, finally, religious beliefs were associated with contradictory effects, since they can perpetuate violence or serve as a protective factor against violence. The implications of these findings are discussed and a proposal based on the socioecological model of domestic violence is elaborated, covering the four levels: individual, relationship, community and societal.

Intimate partner and family violence and mental health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a multi-country survey

2025-06-23

Roxanne Keynejad , Oliva Nalwadda , Bushra Syed +4 more | Frontiers in Psychiatry

Background During COVID-19, concerns were raised about a 'shadow pandemic' of violence against women and girls. However, UN guidance discouraged direct enquiry about intimate partner and family violence (IPFV), instead … Background During COVID-19, concerns were raised about a 'shadow pandemic' of violence against women and girls. However, UN guidance discouraged direct enquiry about intimate partner and family violence (IPFV), instead advocating proxy questions on subjects like relationship difficulties and perceived safety. We investigated the relationship between partner difficulties and family difficulties and common mental disorder (CMDs) during COVID-19 in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Methods We carried out and analysed an online survey, measuring partner difficulties and family difficulties (as proxy items for IPFV), CMDs, and socioeconomic risk factors. Results There were 409 respondents in 19 countries. The prevalence of CMDs was 32.27%. After all adjustments, the risk ratio (RR) for the association of partner difficulties with CMD was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.60). The adjusted RR of family difficulties with CMD was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.44). Both partner and family difficulties were significantly associated with CMD in women [partner difficulties RR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.65); family difficulties RR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.72)]. Conclusion Collecting proxy data on IPFV is feasible and was related to CMDs during COVID-19 in a range of settings. Like partner violence, family violence may also be related to increased CMDs, especially in women. Policy responses for post-pandemic recovery and preparation for future emergencies should consider the health impacts of family violence as well as partner violence.

Knowledge and perception of wives’ violence against husbands in Northern Ghana

2025-06-21

Paul Alhassan Issahaku , Akanganngang Joseph Asitik , Iddrisu Abdul-Mumeen | Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

The relationship between cyber dating abuse and romantic relationship satisfaction: a dyadic approach

2025-06-21

Hacer YILDIRIM KURTULUŞ , Yağmur Kaya , Sümeyye Taşkın +3 more | Current Psychology

Abstract Cyber dating abuse refers to emotional, psychological, or sexual harassment occurring in online environments, causing significant harm to romantic relationships. focuses on analyzing the intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) … Abstract Cyber dating abuse refers to emotional, psychological, or sexual harassment occurring in online environments, causing significant harm to romantic relationships. focuses on analyzing the intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) relationships between cyber dating abuse and relationship satisfaction, and to assess the mediating role of relationship quality on this relationship. The research was conducted based on the dyadic approach. The study included 179 Turkish heterosexual couples ( N = 358). The average age of the women participants was 30.83 years (SD = 7.89), while the men participants had an average age of 33.02 years (SD = 8.71). The actor effects between cyber dating abuse, romantic relationship quality, and romantic relationship satisfaction were significant for both men and women. However, the partner effect of cyber dating abuse on romantic relationship satisfaction was not significant. The other partner effects tested were also significant. According to the results of the study, cyber dating abuse in relationships affects relationship satisfaction through relationship quality. These results are considered within the context of existing literature.

Investigating Self-Efficacy in Coping with Violence, Coping Styles, and Self-Perception among Women Exposed to Domestic Violence

2025-06-21

Nilgün Önnar , Reyhan Saydam | Journal of Interpersonal Violence

This study examined the relationship between women’s self-perceptions, self-efficacy in coping with domestic violence, and coping strategies, as well as the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and emotion regulation … This study examined the relationship between women’s self-perceptions, self-efficacy in coping with domestic violence, and coping strategies, as well as the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and emotion regulation difficulties within the cultural context of Türkiye. The sample consisted of 479 women who reported experiencing violence from their spouses. Structural Equation Modeling was conducted using the LISREL 8.80 package program (Scientific Software International, Inc., Lincolnwood, IL, USA). Results revealed that the relationship between women’s self-perception and self-efficacy in coping with domestic violence was partially mediated by emotion regulation difficulties and negative automatic thoughts. Negative automatic thoughts had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-perception and problem-focused stress coping and a full mediating effect on the relationship between self-perception and emotion-focused stress coping. In addition, emotion regulation difficulties fully mediated the relationship between self-perception and emotion-focused stress coping, while partially mediating the relationship between self-perception and problem-focused stress coping. The self-perception variable alone explained approximately 37% of the variance in self-efficacy to cope with domestic violence, while self-perception, negative automatic thoughts, and emotion regulation difficulties together explained approximately 70% of this variance. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing both individual psychological factors and broader sociocultural contexts when developing interventions for women experiencing domestic violence. They suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting negative automatic thoughts and emotion regulation may enhance women’s self-efficacy in coping with violence while acknowledging that such individual-focused interventions must be complemented by systemic efforts to address the underlying causes of gender-based violence in Türkiye and beyond.

Is Cocaine Use Associated with Intimate Partner Violence in Patients from Addiction Centers?

2025-06-20

A. Kadri , Virgile Clergue‐Duval , Céline Lambert +7 more | Substance Use & Misuse

Cocaine use increases worldwide and has been associated with behavioral disorders, including aggression, as well as a heightened vulnerability. The study aimed to investigate whether cocaine use is associated with … Cocaine use increases worldwide and has been associated with behavioral disorders, including aggression, as well as a heightened vulnerability. The study aimed to investigate whether cocaine use is associated with self-reported intimate partner violence (IPV) among patients seeking treatment in addiction facilities. Self-reported questionnaires assessing IPV perpetration and exposure, childhood maltreatment exposure, current substance use, behavioral addictions and pharmacological treatments were proposed to consecutive patients in addiction facilities (both inpatients and outpatients) across two French regions. Association between self-report IPV victimization or perpetration and treatment seeking for cocaine use were analyzed using chi-squared tests. A total of 210 patients completed the questionnaires (33.3% women). Thirty-four patients (16.2%) reported cocaine as their primary reason for seeking treatment. Sixty-five (31.0%) self-reported being victims IPV, while 37 (17.6%) identified as perpetrators within the past twelve months. A significant association was observed between consulting for problematic cocaine use and reporting being victim of physical violence (p = 0.02) or perpetrator of any type of violence (p = 0.049). Among patients consulting for problematic cocaine use, significant associations were also identified between reporting being a victim of IPV and use of anxiolytics in the last twelve months (p = 0.003) or being prescribed benzodiazepine (p = 0.048) while reporting being a perpetrator of IPV was associated with use of analgesics in the last twelve months (p = 0.01). Problematic cocaine use as a reason for seeking treatment was found to be associated with IPV among patients in care. Screening and appropriate intervention for both IPV exposure and perpetration should be systematic in addiction facilities.

Gender-based Violence and Humanitarian Crisis: Advocacy, Social Justice and Policy Perspectives

2025-06-20

Sigamani Panneer , Saranya Sundarraju , Sanghmitra S. Acharya | Journal of Social Inclusion Studies

Over the last three decades, the history of women development has been recorded with an increased active hue of humanitarian and women’s rights context. The crisis calls for a response … Over the last three decades, the history of women development has been recorded with an increased active hue of humanitarian and women’s rights context. The crisis calls for a response and collective action to propose an efficient framework to protect affected women from violations of their rights. Under the shield of humanitarian approach, right to equality and human rights law, the issue at hand demanded a global humanitarian response plan that employs strong advocacy and powerful activism to protect and ensure that the victims overcome social discrimination through preventing, responding and securing accountability for violation of fundamental rights. This article brings forth some of the international legal frameworks and the international status of women contributing to the economy by enhancing workforce participation. Additionally, the article focuses on identifying some of the historically challenging barriers that prevent women from participating in the fast-growing industrial sectors through sustainable workforce participation. This initiative involves considerable factors that enable effective collaboration in prevention, response and advocacy involving combined expertise to record the vulnerabilities that continue to considerably impact violations. Though there are considerable inhibits in addressing the most gender-sensitive issue, long-standing policy and practice implementation can necessitate risk aversion for the humanitarian crisis.

Evaluating knowledge, attitudes and preparedness of health care providers to respond to intimate partner violence in the Western Pacific Region: A scoping review

2025-06-20

Cherolyn Polomon , Kathleen Baird , Heike Roth +1 more | Women and Birth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a prevalent human rights issue as well as a serious public health issue. Adverse health outcomes of IPV are no longer in doubt; … Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a prevalent human rights issue as well as a serious public health issue. Adverse health outcomes of IPV are no longer in doubt; however, there continues to be a lack of acknowledgement of the importance of health sectors response to recognise and support survivors of violence, especially in low- and middle-income countries [7]; Khalil et al., 2016). The aim of the scoping review was to identify, synthesise, appraise, and report on relevant literature in the Western Pacific Region and to identify any gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness of health care providers towards IPV identification during pregnancy in relation to maternal health service provision. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline. A comprehensive search of research databases was conducted across six different databases. The review included peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 2000 to May 2023, with a primary focus on identifying literature conducted within the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Reference lists of included studies were also searched for any relevant literature. Titles and abstracts of the papers retrieved were reviewed by two reviewers. A third reviewer was used to resolve discrepancies using systematic review software. Key characteristics of the included studies were mapped and analysed using content analysis to synthesize and report findings. Twelve articles were included in the review. Eight articles were conducted in Australia a high-income country. The remaining four articles were from low- and-middle-income countries (LMIC), China, Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The findings were grouped into three main themes: (1) 'Lack of healthcare providers knowledge and understanding of IPV as a health issue', (2) 'Lack of health care provider confidence to respond to IPV', and (3) 'Preparedness of healthcare providers to address IPV within the healthcare sector'. Adequate knowledge and awareness of IPV as a prevalent public health issue with detrimental effects on the health of women and children enhance the ability of care providers to respond effectively to IPV within the health sector. A lack of healthcare provider competence in identifying and responding to IPV results in missed opportunities to address the health and social impacts of IPV. Further research is needed to identify screening practices for IPV in LMICs of the WPR, where the health and social burden is significant.

Indicators for Reproductive Violence: A Systematized Review to Develop a Multilevel Measurement Framework

2025-06-20

Erin Pearson , Jasmine Uysal , Sabrina C. Boyce +5 more | Studies in Family Planning

Abstract The term reproductive violence (RV) unifies forms of gender‐based violence that compromise reproductive autonomy. This study developed a multilevel quantitative measurement framework for RV comprised of indicators at the … Abstract The term reproductive violence (RV) unifies forms of gender‐based violence that compromise reproductive autonomy. This study developed a multilevel quantitative measurement framework for RV comprised of indicators at the interpersonal, community, institutional, and law and policy levels. We conducted a systematized literature review, extracting and scoring existing indicators based on prior testing in a low‐ and middle‐income country setting, psychometric data, feasibility, and face validity. The literature review identified 84 peer‐reviewed studies, inclusive of 448 indicators that were extracted and scored. Ultimately, 112 indicators were included in the RV measurement framework. Indicators were organized by level of the social‐ecological model and across three categories: (1) pregnancy‐promoting RV, (2) pregnancy‐preventing RV, and (3) legal and social liabilities of pregnancy and parenthood. This study provides the first multilevel measurement framework for RV. Further research is needed to develop indicators for understudied RV constructs and validate the framework. The resulting framework will be used at the subnational, national, and regional levels to understand barriers to reproductive autonomy.

Women’s economic independence and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) during separation

2025-06-20

Stefania Molina , Lena Wagner , Michaela Kreyenfeld | PLoS ONE

A growing number of studies have addressed the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV). While some studies have shown that women’s economic independence reduces the risk of physical IPV, the … A growing number of studies have addressed the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV). While some studies have shown that women’s economic independence reduces the risk of physical IPV, the empirical evidence is still inconclusive. In particular, little is known about the factors that are associated with the likelihood of experiencing physical IPV during the immediate separation process. We use data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) for the years 2009–2022. The analytical sample consists of women who went through a separation since the last interview (n = 786 person-years). We use logistic regression models to examine the determinants of physical IPV during separation. We find that mothers with minor children have significantly higher odds of experiencing physical IPV during separation than women who do not have minor children (OR=1.96, p=.006), controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics. Low education as well as non-employment are associated with higher risks of physical IPV during separation for both women with and without minor children. However, non-employment is a particular risk factor for mothers with lower levels of education. Divorce and separation, especially when minor children are involved, can be a highly stressful time when partner conflict escalates and, in some cases, culminates in violence against the partner. This paper highlights the importance of maternal labor market integration and economic independence as a lever to potentially reduce physical IPV and conflict during separation.

Femicidio en El Ecuador

2025-06-20

José Antonio Esparza Calva , Romina Ordóñez Valdiviezo | LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar el delito de femicidio en el Ecuador el cuál se tipificó el 10 de agosto de 2014. Se configura que por razones de … El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar el delito de femicidio en el Ecuador el cuál se tipificó el 10 de agosto de 2014. Se configura que por razones de género 65 de cada 100 mujeres fallecen de forma violenta con un rango de edad entre los 16 y 40 años. Para precautelar el bienestar y velar por los derechos de las mujeres, el Gobierno y las entidades internacionales trabajan en promulgar la salud, educación, ambiente laboral adecuado y un estilo de vida en el cual se respeten los derechos de las mujeres. Se abordará temas de conceptualización en el área legal y con enfoque en áreas de la salud mental, desde definiciones y tipos de violencia de género en mecanismos propiciados en la misógina cultural y arrebato del poder femenino en diversos contextos. Se destaca del mismo modo su estudio en la necesidad de evidenciar causas, factores que son producidos en base de los efectos vinculados al hecho, en postura de victima a victimario, también se proyectan datos estadísticos y prevalencia en los últimos años. El caso suscitado en Ecuador fue el de María Belén Bernal, por consiguiente, internacionalmente existieron vulneraciones de derechos según la comisión encargada, el trabajo de erradicación de violencia en contra de la mujer debe darse conjuntamente entre gobiernos y entidades Internacionales, para tratar un fin, proteger la vida.

Using Connell's Theory of Gender and Power to Assess the Tanzanian Women’s Justification of Intimate Partner Violence in Sexual Unions: Evidence from a National Survey

2025-06-20

Elihuruma Eliufoo Stephano , Yamin Li , Yusheng Tian +2 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a significant public health challenge with profound consequences for women's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Justification of IPV is one of the … <title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a significant public health challenge with profound consequences for women's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Justification of IPV is one of the critical factors that account for the high prevalence of IPV among women. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of IPV justification among women in sexual unions and associated factors in Tanzania using the Theory of Gender and Power. <bold>Methods:</bold> This Analytical cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, conducted between February and July 2022. A two-stage, stratified sampling design, based on geographic region and urban/rural areas, was employed. Generalized Poisson regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with women’s justification of IPV, and results were presented as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. <bold>Results: </bold>The overall prevalence of women’s justification of IPV was 50.4% (95%CI:48.7-51.9). In the adjusted analysis, women aged 25-34 (APR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98) 35-49 (APR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.82-0.92) were less likely to justify IPV than their younger counterparts. In terms of education and literacy, women in secondary/higher education (APR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.78-0.97) and literate (APR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.84-0.96) were less likely to justify IPV than their counterparts. Additionally, women with media exposure (APR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.86-0.97), using internet (APR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.50-0.75) were less likely to justify IPV than their counterparts. Women in rural and geographical zones were more likely to justify IPV. <bold>Conclusion: </bold>This study showed the diverse nature of women’s justification of intimate partner violence in Tanzania, revealing that younger age, lower educational attainment, illiteracy, lack of media and internet exposure, and residence in rural or specific geographical zones significantly contribute to greater acceptance of IPV. Addressing these complex and intersecting factors is essential for shifting attitudes and reducing the justification of IPV among Tanzanian women in sexual unions.

A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Referrals Within Healthcare Settings

2025-06-19

Sarah J. Greenman , Alison Wylie , Brandon Taylor +1 more | Trauma Violence & Abuse

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that medical providers can help address by identifying affected patients and providing appropriate referrals. This scoping review examines IPV referrals … Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that medical providers can help address by identifying affected patients and providing appropriate referrals. This scoping review examines IPV referrals in healthcare settings—the step that occurs after IPV victimization is identified by a medical provider through a screening tool. Three research databases—Criminal Justice Abstracts, PubMed, and PsycINFO—were searched for literature published between 2012 and 2022, using the key terms “intimate partner violence,” “screen*,” and “refer*.” Sources ( n = 265) were screened using three primary eligibility requirements: (a) an adult was the primary victim of IPV, (b) a screening and referral process occurred in a healthcare setting by a healthcare professional who routinely conducted screenings, and (c) a referral process, the period after IPV was positively identified through the use of a screener, was explored. After removing 172 articles during initial abstract screening and another 10 articles after full text review, 36 studies compromised the final dataset. Findings show inconsistencies and gaps in the referral process within healthcare settings. While numerous medical bodies recommend IPV screening, our review reveals a lack of consistency in what follows a positive IPV screening, particularly with regard to referral type and frequency. Referral effectiveness was measured in multiple ways across studies, and several barriers to referrals were identified. The findings from this scoping review suggest that future research should untether empirical investigations of the referral process from screening, and researchers should work with practitioners to explore the effect of consistent referrals with patient follow-ups.

Fighting Fair: Observed Positive Conflict Styles and Dating Violence in Mexican American Adolescent Couples

2025-06-19

Heidi Adams Rueda , Lela Rankin Williams | Journal of Interpersonal Violence

Dating violence programs commonly cite communication skill deficits as important targets for intervention. However, how romantically involved adolescent couples navigate conflict positively has been understudied, including the association of positive … Dating violence programs commonly cite communication skill deficits as important targets for intervention. However, how romantically involved adolescent couples navigate conflict positively has been understudied, including the association of positive conflict styles and dating violence behaviors. Here, we investigated positive conflict strategies used by adolescents during an observed conflict task with Mexican American dating couples and the associations to self-reported relationship quality and dating violence behaviors. Our sample consisted of 34 heterosexual couples, aged 15 to 17 ( M = 16.25, SD = 0.8), from a Southwest border state. We found that most couples utilized a harmonious communication style (67.6%) and demonstrated a balance of power (79.4%) during the conflict, although adolescents with greater dating violence behaviors were less likely to use these positive conflict styles (OR = .34 and OR = .23, respectively). Relationship qualities, such as commitment, satisfaction, and trust, were associated with greater problem-solving and cohesiveness. Our findings underscore the importance of targeting positive conflict skills in the prevention of adolescent dating violence with attention to the relational contexts in which conflict unfolds. Continued research across diverse populations should continue to explore and delineate specific communication behaviors that are particularly useful to young couples and that support the development of nonviolent relationships into adulthood.

A Comprehensive Model for Crisis Intervention With Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Their Children

2025-06-19

Kenneth R. Yeager , Albert R. Roberts , Beverly Schenkman Roberts +1 more | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of approaches and best practices in crisis intervention with survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). It provides a detailed history and scope of … Abstract This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of approaches and best practices in crisis intervention with survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). It provides a detailed history and scope of IPV. This chapter outlines the prevalence of crisis and posttraumatic stress disorder within this population. Examples of specialized IPV and domestic violence programs are provided as well as emerging best practices and evidence-based approaches, including the emergence of technology to monitor perpetrators of and to protect victims of IPV. It provides approaches, including art therapy, in working with children, and referral processes. The chapter closes with an example of a trauma recovery center approach in working with IPV victims.

Imperatives for Curbing the Growing Violence against Women and Girls in Nigeria: Options Beyond Legislation, Sympathy and Public Condemnation

2025-06-19

Yusuf Garba Manjo | Coution journal of counseling and education

Violence against women and girls in Nigeria has reached disturbing proportions, manifesting in various forms such as domestic abuse, rape, sexual harassment, forced marriages, and other harmful practices. This increasing … Violence against women and girls in Nigeria has reached disturbing proportions, manifesting in various forms such as domestic abuse, rape, sexual harassment, forced marriages, and other harmful practices. This increasing scourge of physical violence and killings of women and girls for money-making rituals has further destabilised the lopsided gender balance in Nigeria, with the female gender being the most extraordinary sole victim. Violence against women and girls in Nigeria has become a serious contemporary problem that has to be addressed. Nigerian must create a new culture where women and girls are secured and valued by interrogating the underlying causes of violence, identifying its terrible impact on victims, and proffering preventive measures beyond legislations and public condemnations as well as, examine the existing legal frameworks that is targeted solely on meted minimum punishment on offenders, with no provision for compensation for the victims. Despite existing legal frameworks, public advocacy, and widespread media condemnation, the prevalence of gender-based violence continues to rise, revealing significant gaps in the effectiveness of current interventions. This study explores the imperatives of curbing the growing incidence of violence against women and girls in Nigeria by examining options that go beyond laws, sympathy, and media outrage. The study employs a qualitative approach, drawing insights from existing literature and policy reports to identify structural, cultural, and socio-economic drivers of violence against women and girls. The study finds that while legal instruments are necessary, they are insufficient in isolation from other measures. Therefore, sustainable solutions must include community-based education, empowerment programs for women, reform of traditional and religious institutions, rehabilitation of perpetrators, and the transformation of societal norms that normalise violence. The study concludes that a multidimensional, preventive, and participatory approach is essential to effectively curb the growing menace of violence against women and girls in Nigeria.

Interparental violence: child emotional awareness, protective factors, and symptom profiles in a comparative analysis

2025-06-19

Eva María Ortiz Jiménez , Juana Gómez‐Benito , Selene Liz Llach +2 more | Frontiers in Psychiatry

Objective This study aimed to analyze the differences between children exposed to interparental violence (EIPV) and non-EIPV children aged 8-12, in a) Emotional awareness (EA), b) Protective factors of resilience … Objective This study aimed to analyze the differences between children exposed to interparental violence (EIPV) and non-EIPV children aged 8-12, in a) Emotional awareness (EA), b) Protective factors of resilience (external and internal) c) Externalizing/internalizing symptoms, somatic complaints and moods. Method A descriptive design study was conducted with a total of 115 participants (60 boys and 55 girls) from three Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain. Student’s t-test was used to compare the EIPV and non-EIPV groups, and logistic regression models were employed to identify the most relevant factors associated with EIPV. Results EIPV children exhibited significantly lower scores in differentiating emotions (DIE) and analyzing one’s own emotions (ANE) compared to non-EIPV children. Additionally, EIPV children demonstrated more social skills problems, lower loneliness/social anxiety, lower resilience, mainly in empathy and internal protective factors, autonomy, and reduced self-esteem. They also reported higher levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, somatic complaints, and negative mood states such as fear, sadness, and anger. The variables that explained group membership in EIPV were DIE, ANE, and total externalizing symptoms. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the role of EA, symptoms, and protective factors in EIPV children in a clinical sample. Lower EA, fewer protective factors, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in EIPV children when compared to their non-EIPV counterparts. Including a structures evaluation of EA and Protective Factors in the EIPV child population would improve diagnostic accuracy of trauma and the design of specific psychotherapies interventions aimed at reducing symptoms and promoting mental well-being in children aged 8 to 12 exposed to IPV.

Development and Validation of the Acceptance of Violence Against Women Scale (AVAWS)

2025-06-19

Tamyres Tomaz Paiva , Cícero Roberto Pereira , Edvan Cirino Silva +1 more | Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica

Housing for Women in Midlife and Older Who Have Experienced Domestic Violence

2025-06-19

Lori E. Weeks , Kathleen P. Allen , Zihui Wang +3 more | PubMed

Few services exist that are specifically targeted at older women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). In this research, 23 women residing in permanent not-for-profit housing designed for women … Few services exist that are specifically targeted at older women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). In this research, 23 women residing in permanent not-for-profit housing designed for women who have experienced IPV participated in an interview. The overarching themes identified were: (1) It's not perfect, but it is safe, affordable, and permanent; (2) Supporting empowerment and meaningful contributions; (3) Experiences living with other women who have experienced IPV; and (4) Support from housing staff. This research contributes to the paucity of evidence about permanent housing for this population and will inform the further housing development.

Myths About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Becoming a Professional: Influence of Gender and Degree in College Students

2025-06-19

Ángeles Rebollo-Catalán , Rafael García Pérez , Mercedes Cubero-Pérez +2 more | Behavioral Sciences

The acceptance of myths about intimate partner violence against women by university students can lead to inappropriate and biased professional interventions due to their gender blindness. The aim of this … The acceptance of myths about intimate partner violence against women by university students can lead to inappropriate and biased professional interventions due to their gender blindness. The aim of this study is to analyze the acceptance of myths about IPVAW among college students, considering differences by gender and degree course. To do this, we conducted a survey with 1531 first-year college students (55.8% women; mean age 18.89 years) and found that a third of the students did not reject the IPVAW myths and a third of them normalized violence. We also found a higher level of acceptance of violence minimization myths in men than in women, especially in Social Sciences and Engineering. The study reveals the need to educate future professionals about IPVAW myths, with an emphasis on minimization and normalization of violence. It also provides useful information for designing awareness programs.

Enhancing learning for the future: a document analysis of serious child safeguarding case reviews with Romani and Traveller communities in England

2025-06-19

Dan Allen , Jennie L. Bolton , C. Kidd | Critical and Radical Social Work

Integrating document analysis with the core principles of critical social research, this article aims to dig beneath the surface of historically specific social structures of child welfare services. Analysing the … Integrating document analysis with the core principles of critical social research, this article aims to dig beneath the surface of historically specific social structures of child welfare services. Analysing the descriptive content presented in 13 serious child safeguarding case reviews, formal reports published after the death or serious injury of a Romani or Traveller child in England, this article shines a light on how the child welfare system worked, including how ideology and the presence of reciprocated feelings of fear and helplessness concealed the processes that contributed to the harm that was experienced. Seeking to provide a detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses in policy, procedure and practice, the article concludes by reflecting on valuable learning points for child protection professionals working with Romani and Traveller children, families and communities.

Prevalence of Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence in a Sample of College Students in Portugal

2025-06-18

João Santiago , Mariana Silva , Olga Cunha +1 more | Journal of Family Violence

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to (a) characterize the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration; (b) delineate the prevalence and frequency of various types of violence suffered … Abstract Purpose This study aimed to (a) characterize the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration; (b) delineate the prevalence and frequency of various types of violence suffered and perpetrated; (c) explore potential gender and sexual orientation differences in the prevalence and frequency of IPV perpetration and victimization; (d) analyze the most common pattern of IPV; and (e) investigate potential gender and sexual orientation differences in the different IPV patterns. Methods The study sample comprised 262 participants. The study was conducted online, and participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Results Bidirectional violence (BV) was the most common pattern of violence in the past year among college students. Psychological violence was the most prevalent type of violence experienced and perpetrated in the past year and across the lifetime in all subsamples analyzed. No gender or sexual orientation differences were found in overall IPV victimization and perpetration prevalence and frequency in the past year and across lifetime. However, men reported a higher prevalence of past year and lifetime sexual coercion perpetration than women, and heterosexual individuals exhibited higher prevalence rates of lifetime physical assaults. Conclusions The study’s findings further reinforce that BV is prevalent in intimate relationships, particularly among college students. Consequently, there is a need to create effective prevention and intervention programs to help diminish the high prevalence of this phenomenon.

Domestic violence and suicide in women under the care of mental health services in the UK, 2015–2021: a national observational study

2025-06-18

Pauline Turnbull , Isabelle M. Hunt , Tim Woodhouse +3 more | The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

Post-Separation Experience of Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Southern Nigeria

2025-06-18

Stanley Oloji Isangha , Hau-lin Tam , Susan S. Chuang +4 more | Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma

Safeguarding Victims of Domestic Abuse During COVID-19: Survivor Perspectives

2025-06-18

Gayatri Nambiar‐Greenwood , Khatidja Chantler , Lis Bates +4 more | Violence Against Women

This study presents qualitative interviews with 15 victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and quantitative analysis of police data in England. It explores survivors’ experiences accessing services during lockdown, … This study presents qualitative interviews with 15 victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and quantitative analysis of police data in England. It explores survivors’ experiences accessing services during lockdown, identifying themes such as COVID-19-specific challenges, mental health, no recourse to public funds, child impact, cultural bereavement, service responses, and survivor-led recommendations. Key policy implications include improving police ethnicity recording, examining how ethnicity influences risk assessments and outcomes for minoritized victims, and providing culturally appropriate, trauma-informed services. The study calls for state-level preparedness for DVA responses during crises and addressing the structural harm caused by no recourse to public funds policies.

Risk Factors for Chronic Pain in Women: The Role of Violence Exposure in a Case–Control Study

2025-06-18

Allison Uvelli , Erica Pugliese , Fabio Ferretti | Life

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that greatly affects functioning and well-being. Studies link chronic pain and violence against women, with an odds ratio of 2.08 and … Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that greatly affects functioning and well-being. Studies link chronic pain and violence against women, with an odds ratio of 2.08 and a 26% prevalence rate. The bio-psycho-social consequences reduce quality of life and cause disability. Despite extensive research, the etiology remains unclear. This study investigates the bio-psycho-social risk factors of chronic pain in women, both victims and non-victims of violence. A case-control study (December 2023-June 2024) used odds ratios and Fisher's exact test to explore risk factors associated with chronic pain. Univariate logistic regressions identified significant predictors. The study included 170 women (68 victims), half with chronic pain. Nine risk factors were specific to victims (three biological, six psycho-social), four to non-victims (two biological, two psycho-social), and twenty-three to all women (five biological, eighteen psycho-social). A four-factor model best explained risk in victims and all women, while a two-factor model fit non-victims. The bio-psycho-social model of chronic pain is supported, identifying specific risk factors. These findings can aid anti-violence and healthcare professionals in screening and early intervention.

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sexual Minority Men: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2025-06-18

Chenglin Hong , Yilin Wang , Yuqing Wang +1 more | Sexually Transmitted Diseases

ABSTRACT Background Sexual minority men (SMM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at elevated rates, which may be linked to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This systematic review … ABSTRACT Background Sexual minority men (SMM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at elevated rates, which may be linked to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence on the associations between IPV experiences and STI outcomes (e.g., syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia) among SMM and identify critical gaps in the literature to inform future STI prevention efforts. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, we identified ten published studies with available quantitative data from 27,241 individuals; nearly all (9/10) were cross-sectional in design. Results A meta-analysis using random-effects model indicated that IPV victimization was associated with higher odds of STI diagnosis, with a pooled odds ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 2.13) and I 2 of 77% (p < 0.01), reflecting significant variability among study results and relatively high divergence between individual study findings. Studies varied in IPV measures, recall periods, and STI outcomes, which were primarily self-reported. No study examined STI outcomes across the full IPV spectrum, including perpetration and bidirectional IPV, and there is a lack of qualitative evidence exploring how IPV experiences impact access to STI testing and treatment services. Conclusions This review highlights a significant association between IPV and STIs among SMM, underscoring the need for integrated interventions tailored to this group. Future research should employ longitudinal, intersectional, and trauma-informed approaches to address overlapping stigmas and improve health outcomes, providing key insights to refine IPV screening and identify intervention targets.

Unravelling Psychological Ramifications of Gender-Based Violence against Male Lecturers in Rural Universities of Zimbabwe

2025-06-18

Munyaradzi Chidarikire , Juliet Kamwendo | E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences

This paper explored the psychological consequences of gender-based violence against male lecturers in rural Universities in Zimbabwe. Gender-based violence is a deeply rooted issue in Zimbabwe, affecting both women and … This paper explored the psychological consequences of gender-based violence against male lecturers in rural Universities in Zimbabwe. Gender-based violence is a deeply rooted issue in Zimbabwe, affecting both women and male lecturers. Unfortunately, the gender-based violence against males especially university lecturers is unreported or underreported. Using a qualitative approach, the study employed purposive sampling to select 16 participants based on criteria such as gender, age, expertise, and experiences related to the topic. Data was collected through focus group discussions and interviews, while content thematic analysis was used for data analysis. One of the findings of this study indicated that a significant number of Zimbabwean male lecturers in rural Universities of Zimbabwe are experiencing gender-based violence, resulting in various problems, including stress. Consequently, the participants of the study recommended that rural male lecturers should seek counselling to address the psychological impact of gender-based violence on their overall well-being. Through examining the psychological consequences of GBV against men, this study seeks to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the effects of gender-based violence on individuals, regardless of their gender. The findings of this research are expected to inform the development of targeted interventions and support services that address the specific needs of male survivors of GBV in rural Zimbabwe. Keywords: Gender-Based Violence, Male Lecturers, Psychological Consequences, Rural Areas, Zimbabwe

Efficacy of Psychoeducation for University Staff Working with Students Exposed to Childhood Domestic Violence

2025-06-18

Caterina Obenauf , Kristen E. Ravi , Megan L. Haselschwerdt +2 more | Journal of Family Violence

Integração de dados para prevenção de violência contra meninas e mulheres no Nordeste do Brasil

2025-06-17

Olívia L.C. Guaranha , Juliana Rocha Miranda , Maria de Fátima Marinho de Souza +7 more | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

<title>RESUMO</title> <sec> <title>Objetivo.</title> Integrar e analisar dados de saúde e segurança pública do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na região Nordeste do Brasil, sobre violência contra meninas e mulheres. … <title>RESUMO</title> <sec> <title>Objetivo.</title> Integrar e analisar dados de saúde e segurança pública do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na região Nordeste do Brasil, sobre violência contra meninas e mulheres. </sec> <sec> <title>Métodos.</title> Realizou-se um pareamento de dados individuais entre dois sistemas de saúde (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, Sinan, e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, SIM) e boletins de ocorrência (BO) do sistema de segurança pública relativos à violência contra meninas e mulheres no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre 2019 e 2021. Para o pareamento foi desenvolvido no aplicativo Stata um algoritmo de relacionamento determinístico, usando regras de combinação entre as variáveis-chave disponíveis nos diferentes bancos. </sec> <sec> <title>Resultados.</title> Foram identificadas 43 626 meninas e mulheres vítimas de violência no período. Dessas, 83,5% foram identificadas no sistema de segurança pública (BOs), 16,5% no Sinan e somente 0,4% nos dois sistemas. Os serviços de saúde captaram, proporcionalmente, mais casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos e casos de violência física e sexual. A segurança pública registrou mais casos de violência psicológica contra vítimas adultas. Entre os casos de óbito, o grupo identificado apenas no Sinan teve mais óbitos por causas externas relacionadas à violência. </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusões.</title> A falta de integração entre sistemas mascara a magnitude da violência contra meninas e mulheres. As políticas de integração de dados, associadas ao combate à subnotificação, são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de ações efetivas, capazes de promover uma vida livre de violência. </sec>

Mechanisms Underlying Domestic Violence During COVID-19: Social Isolation as a Potential Catalyst

2025-06-17

Anne Coomans , Steve van de Weijer , Arjan Blokland +1 more | Victims & Offenders

Análise da percepção comunitária sobre as políticas de segurança pública e seu impacto na prevenção da violência doméstica e do feminicídio em São Sebastião do Uatumã/AM, no ano de 2024

2025-06-17

Patrícia de Franco Guedes | DELOS Desarrollo Local Sostenible

A violência doméstica está enraizada nas relações desiguais de poder, especialmente no âmbito das relações de gênero, e manifesta-se por meio de múltiplas formas, como abuso físico, psicológico, sexual, econômico … A violência doméstica está enraizada nas relações desiguais de poder, especialmente no âmbito das relações de gênero, e manifesta-se por meio de múltiplas formas, como abuso físico, psicológico, sexual, econômico e patrimonial. Esta pesquisa examina a efetividade das políticas de segurança pública na prevenção da violência doméstica e do feminicídio. Este trabalho objetiva analisar como os cidadãos de São Sebastião do Uatumã/AM, percebem a efetividade das políticas de segurança pública na prevenção da violência doméstica e do feminicídio, no ano de 2024, visando o enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher e a diminuição dos índices de feminicídio. A metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem mista, com análise qualitativa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas e quantitativa por meio de questionários aplicados a 50 pessoas participantes, entre policiais militares, policiais civis, assistentes sociais, psicólogos, médicos e cidadãos. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos participantes reconhece a gravidade do aumento dos casos de violência contra a mulher e a importância de estratégias eficazes de prevenção, ressaltando a necessidade de investimentos em políticas públicas que englobem campanhas de conscientização, capacitação e treinamento dos atores envolvidos na rede de apoio às vítimas de violência doméstica de maneira mais eficaz.