Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

Analysis of Traffic Safety and Driver Behavior

Works Count: 68158

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the analysis of traffic safety, driver behavior, and injury severity in road accidents. It covers topics such as crash prediction models, risk factors for traffic accidents, pedestrian safety, spatial analysis of road accidents, and the impact of traffic congestion on road safety.

Keywords

Traffic Accidents; Driver Behavior; Injury Severity; Road Safety; Pedestrian Safety; Crash Prediction Models; Risk Factors; Spatial Analysis; Traffic Congestion; Simulation Models

The Impact of Driver Inattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data

2006-01-01

Sheila G. Klauer , Thomas A. Dingus , V. L. Neale +2 more

United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Human-Vehicle Performance Research United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Human-Vehicle Performance Research

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The Handbook of Road Safety Measures

2009-10-14

Rune Elvik , Alena Høye , Truls Vaa +1 more

Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; … Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.

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Human Behavior and Traffic Safety

1985-01-01

Leonard Evans , Richard C. Schwing

The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Phase II – Results of the 100-Car Field Experiment

2006-04-01

Thomas A. Dingus , Sheila G. Klauer , Vicki L. Neale +7 more

The Naturalistic Driving is a three-phased effort designed to accomplish three objectives: Phase I, Conduct Test Planning Activities; Phase II, Conduct a Field Test; and Phase III, Prepare for Large-Scale … The Naturalistic Driving is a three-phased effort designed to accomplish three objectives: Phase I, Conduct Test Planning Activities; Phase II, Conduct a Field Test; and Phase III, Prepare for Large-Scale Field Data Collection Effort. This report documents the efforts of Phase II. Project sponsors are the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Virginia Department of Transportation. The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study is the first instrumented-vehicle study undertaken with the primary purpose of collecting large-scale, naturalistic driving data. Drivers were given no special instructions, no experimenter was present, and the data collection instrumentation was unobtrusive. In addition, 78 of 100 vehicles were privately owned. The resulting database contains many extreme cases of driving behavior and performance, including severe drowsiness, impairment, judgment error, risk taking, willingness to engage in secondary tasks, aggressive driving, and traffic violations. The data set includes approximately 2,000,000 vehicle miles, almost 43,000 hours of data, 241 primary and secondary drivers, 12 to 14 months of data collection for each vehicle, and data from a highly capable instrumentation system including 5 channels of video and many vehicle state and kinematic sensors. From the data, an database was created, similar in classification structure to an epidemiological crash database, but with video and electronic driver and vehicle performance data. The events are crashes, near-crashes, and other incidents. Data are classified by pre-event maneuver, precipitating factor, event type, contributing factors, associative factors, and the avoidance maneuver. Parameters such as vehicle speed, vehicle headway, time-to-collision, and driver reaction time are also recorded. The current project specified ten objectives or goals that would be addressed through the initial analysis of the event database. This report addresses the first 9 of these goals, which include analyses of rear-end events, lane change events, the role of inattention, and the relationship between levels of severity. Goal 10 is a separate report and addresses the implications for a larger-scale data collection effort.

Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?

1990-10-01

James Reason , Antony S. R. Manstead , Stephen G. Stradling +2 more

In considering the human contribution to accidents, it seems necessary to make a distinction between errors and violations; two forms of aberration which may have different psychological origins and demand … In considering the human contribution to accidents, it seems necessary to make a distinction between errors and violations; two forms of aberration which may have different psychological origins and demand different modes of remediation. The present study investigated whether this distinction was justified for self-reported driver behaviour. Five hundred and twenty drivers completed a driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) which asked them to judge the frequency with which they committed various types of errors and violations when driving. Three fairly robust factors were identified: violations, dangerous errors, and relatively harmless lapses, respectively. Violations declined with age, errors did not. Men of all ages reported more violations than women. Women, however, were significantly more prone to harmless lapses (or more honest) than men. These findings were consistent with the view that errors and violations are indeed mediated by different psychological mechanisms. Violations require explanation in terms of social and motivational factors, whereas errors (slips, lapses, and mistakes) may be accounted for by reference to the information-processing characteristics of the individual.

Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: A review

2005-10-28

L T Aarts , Ingrid van Schagen

Negative Binomial Analysis of Intersection-Accident Frequencies

1996-03-01

Mark Poch , Fred Mannering

Traffic accidents at urban intersections result in a huge cost to society in terms of death, injury, lost productivity, and property damage. Unfortunately, the elements that effect the frequency of … Traffic accidents at urban intersections result in a huge cost to society in terms of death, injury, lost productivity, and property damage. Unfortunately, the elements that effect the frequency of intersection accidents are not well understood and, as a result, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of specific intersection improvements that are aimed at reducing accident frequency. Using seven-yr accident histories from 63 intersections in Bellevue, Washington (all of which were targeted for operational improvements), this paper estimates a negative binomial regression of the frequency of accidents at intersection approaches. The estimation results uncover important interactions between geometric and traffic-related elements and accident frequencies. The findings of this paper provide exploratory methodological and empirical evidence that could lead to an approach to estimate the accident reduction benefits of various proposed improvements on operationally deficient intersections.

Analysis of driver injury severity levels at multiple locations using ordered probit models

2003-01-01

Mohamed Abdel‐Aty

Analytic methods in accident research: Methodological frontier and future directions

2013-10-18

Fred Mannering , Chandra R. Bhat

Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes among Novice and Experienced Drivers

2014-01-01

Sheila G. Klauer , Feng Guo , Bruce G. Simons‐Morton +3 more

Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced … Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers.We conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes. To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (16.3 to 17.0 years of age) and 109 adults with more driving experience.During the study periods, 167 crashes and near-crashes among novice drivers and 518 crashes and near-crashes among experienced drivers were identified. The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased significantly if they were dialing a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.83 to 24.42), reaching for a cell phone (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% CI, 2.64 to 18.83), sending or receiving text messages (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.62 to 9.25), reaching for an object other than a cell phone (odds ratio, 8.00; 95% CI, 3.67 to 17.50), looking at a roadside object (odds ratio, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.72 to 8.81), or eating (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.30 to 6.91). Among experienced drivers, dialing a cell phone was associated with a significantly increased risk of a crash or near-crash (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.54); the risk associated with texting or accessing the Internet was not assessed in this population. The prevalence of high-risk attention to secondary tasks increased over time among novice drivers but not among experienced drivers.The risk of a crash or near-crash among novice drivers increased with the performance of many secondary tasks, including texting and dialing cell phones. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.).

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Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement

1995-05-01

Dianne Parker , James Reason , Antony S. R. Manstead +1 more

A survey of over 1600 drivers is reported, the results of which are consistent with those reported in an earlier study (Reason et al. 1990), which identified a three-fold typology … A survey of over 1600 drivers is reported, the results of which are consistent with those reported in an earlier study (Reason et al. 1990), which identified a three-fold typology of aberrant driving behaviours. The first type, lapses, are absent-minded behaviours with consequences mainly for the perpetrator, posing no threat to other road users. The second type, errors, are typically misjudgements and failures of observation that may be hazardous to others. The third type, violations, involve deliberate contraventions of safe driving practice. In the present study the survey instrument used, the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, was also shown to be reliable over time. Each type of behaviour was found to have different demographic correlates. Most importantly, accident liability was predicted by self-reported tendency to commit violations, but not by tendency to make errors or to have lapses. The implications for road safety are discussed.

Modeling vehicle accidents and highway geometric design relationships

1993-12-01

Shaw‐Pin Miaou , H S Lum

The Effects of Automobile Safety Regulation

1975-08-01

Sam Peltzman

Technological studies imply that annual highway deaths would be 20 percent greater without legally mandated installation of various safety devices on automobiles. However, this literature ignores offsetting effects of nonregulatory … Technological studies imply that annual highway deaths would be 20 percent greater without legally mandated installation of various safety devices on automobiles. However, this literature ignores offsetting effects of nonregulatory demand for safety and driver response to the devices. This article indicates that these offsets are virtually complete, so that regulation has not decreased highway deaths. Time-series (but not cross-section) data imply some saving of auto occupants' lives at the expense of more pedestrian deaths and more nonfatal accidents, a pattern consistent with optimal driver response to regulation.

Kernel density estimation and K-means clustering to profile road accident hotspots

2009-01-24

Tessa Kate Anderson

Health impact assessment of active transportation: A systematic review

2015-04-18

Natalie Mueller , David Rojas‐Rueda , Tom Cole‐Hunter +7 more

Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged, and older drivers

1999-05-01

Gerald McGwin , David B. Brown

Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: An exploratory empirical analysis

2007-07-17

John Milton , Venky Shankar , Fred Mannering

Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings.

1993-01-01

James Elander , Robert West , David French

This article considers methodological issues relevant to the study of differential crash involvement and reviews the findings of research in this area. Aspects of both driving skill and driving style … This article considers methodological issues relevant to the study of differential crash involvement and reviews the findings of research in this area. Aspects of both driving skill and driving style appear to contribute to crash risk. Of the former, hazard-perception latency appears to play an important role, and this may be attributable to generalized abilities to identify visual targets in a complex background and to switch attention rapidly. Of the latter, faster driving speed and willingness to commit driving violations increase crash risk, and these factors may be explicable in terms of personality and antisocial motivation. The article concludes with an examination of the practical implications and of the ways in which research in this area might usefully proceed.

A note on modeling vehicle accident frequencies with random-parameters count models

2008-11-10

Panagiotis Ch. Anastasopoulos , Fred Mannering

Modeling traffic accident occurrence and involvement

2000-09-01

Mohamed Abdel‐Aty , A E Radwan

Teenage drivers: patterns of risk

2003-01-01

Allan F. Williams

Driver injury severity: an application of ordered probit models

2002-05-01

Kara M. Kockelman , Young‐Jun Kweon

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Intention to commit driving violations: An application of the theory of planned behavior.

1992-02-01

Dianne Parker , Antony S. R. Manstead , Stephen G. Stradling +2 more

This study assessed the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to account for drivers' intentions to commit four specific driving violations: drinking and driving, speeding, close following, and … This study assessed the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to account for drivers' intentions to commit four specific driving violations: drinking and driving, speeding, close following, and overtaking in risky circumstances. A stratified sample of drivers (N = 881) was surveyed with a questionnaire constructed to measure attitudes toward behaviors, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions, the key constructs in TPB. Results showed that the addition of perceived behavioral control led to significant increments in the amount of explained variance in intentions, thereby supporting the theory The relation between subjective norms and behavioral intentions was consistently stronger than that between attitudes toward behaviors and behavioral intentions. Analyses of variance differentiated demographic subgroups of drivers in terms of behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations, normative beliefs, motivation to comply, and control beliefs.

Poisson, Poisson-gamma and zero-inflated regression models of motor vehicle crashes: balancing statistical fit and theory

2004-08-31

Dominique Lord , Simon Washington , John N. Ivan

Hazard and Risk Perception among Young Novice Drivers

1999-12-01

Hamish A Deery

A comparison of headway and time to collision as safety indicators

2003-05-01

Katja Vogel

Effect of roadway geometrics and environmental factors on rural freeway accident frequencies

1995-06-01

Venkataraman N. Shankar , Fred Mannering , Woodrow Barfield

A mixed generalized ordered response model for examining pedestrian and bicyclist injury severity level in traffic crashes

2008-01-23

Naveen Eluru , Chandra R. Bhat , David A. Hensher

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Traffic Safety and the Driver

1992-07-01

Andrew Shea , Leonard Evans

Extended time-to-collision measures for road traffic safety assessment

2001-01-01

M M Minderhoud , Piet H. L. Bovy

The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives

2010-03-27

Dominique Lord , Fred Mannering

Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling

2015-07-21

Peter L. Jacobsen

To examine the relationship between the numbers of people walking or bicycling and the frequency of collisions between motorists and walkers or bicyclists. The common wisdom holds that the number … To examine the relationship between the numbers of people walking or bicycling and the frequency of collisions between motorists and walkers or bicyclists. The common wisdom holds that the number of collisions varies directly with the amount of walking and bicycling. However, three published analyses of collision rates at specific intersections found a non-linear relationship, such that collisions rates declined with increases in the numbers of people walking or bicycling.This paper uses five additional data sets (three population level and two time series) to compare the amount of walking or bicycling and the injuries incurring in collisions with motor vehicles.The likelihood that a given person walking or bicycling will be struck by a motorist varies inversely with the amount of walking or bicycling. This pattern is consistent across communities of varying size, from specific intersections to cities and countries, and across time periods.This result is unexpected. Since it is unlikely that the people walking and bicycling become more cautious if their numbers are larger, it indicates that the behavior of motorists controls the likelihood of collisions with people walking and bicycling. It appears that motorists adjust their behavior in the presence of people walking and bicycling. There is an urgent need for further exploration of the human factors controlling motorist behavior in the presence of people walking and bicycling.A motorist is less likely to collide with a person walking and bicycling if more people walk or bicycle. Policies that increase the numbers of people walking and bicycling appear to be an effective route to improving the safety of people walking and bicycling.

Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Rates by Mode of Travel, United States: Using Exposure-Based Methods to Quantify Differences

2007-04-22

L. F. Beck , Ann M. Dellinger , Margaret E. OʼNeil

The authors used traffic exposure data to calculate exposure-based fatal and nonfatal traffic injury rates in the United States. Nationally representative data were used to identify fatal and nonfatal traffic … The authors used traffic exposure data to calculate exposure-based fatal and nonfatal traffic injury rates in the United States. Nationally representative data were used to identify fatal and nonfatal traffic injuries that occurred from 1999 to 2003, and the 2001 National Household Travel Survey was used to estimate traffic exposure (i.e., person-trips). Fatal and nonfatal traffic injury rates per 100 million person-trips were calculated by mode of travel, sex, and age group. The overall fatal traffic injury rate was 10.4 per 100 million person-trips. Fatal injury rates were highest for motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. The nonfatal traffic injury rate was 754.6 per 100 million person-trips. Nonfatal injury rates were highest for motorcyclists and bicyclists. Exposure-based traffic injury rates varied by mode of travel, sex, and age group. Motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists faced increased injury risks. Males, adolescents, and the elderly were also at increased risk. Effective interventions are available and should be implemented to protect these vulnerable road users.

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The statistical analysis of highway crash-injury severities: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives

2011-05-03

Peter T. Savolainen , Fred Mannering , Dominique Lord +1 more

Towards a general theory of driver behaviour

2005-03-01

Ray W. Fuller

The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes

2003-03-25

Olaf H. Drummer , Dimitri Gerostamoulos , Helen Batziris +4 more

Comprehensive analysis of vehicle–pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida

2005-05-25

Chris Lee , Mohamed Abdel‐Aty

The relationship between truck accidents and geometric design of road sections: Poisson versus negative binomial regressions

1994-08-01

Shaw‐Pin Miaou

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Personality, attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers

2003-04-05

Pål Ulleberg , Torbjørn Rundmo

The Prevention of Accidents

1934-01-01

Millais Culpin

Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data

2016-02-22

Thomas A. Dingus , Feng Guo , Suzie Lee +4 more

Significance This paper presents findings about the riskiest factors faced by drivers as informed through the first large-scale, crash-only analysis of naturalistic driving data. Results indicate that many secondary tasks … Significance This paper presents findings about the riskiest factors faced by drivers as informed through the first large-scale, crash-only analysis of naturalistic driving data. Results indicate that many secondary tasks or activities, particularly resulting from the use of handheld electronic devices, are of detriment to driver safety. The analysis uses a large naturalistic database comprising continuous in situ observations made via multiple onboard video cameras and sensors that gathered information from more than 3,500 drivers across a 3-y period.

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Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions

1997-02-13

Donald A. Redelmeier , Robert Tibshirani

Because of a belief that the use of cellular telephones while driving may cause collisions, several countries have restricted their use in motor vehicles, and others are considering such regulations. … Because of a belief that the use of cellular telephones while driving may cause collisions, several countries have restricted their use in motor vehicles, and others are considering such regulations. We used an epidemiologic method, the case–crossover design, to study whether using a cellular telephone while driving increases the risk of a motor vehicle collision.

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Unobserved heterogeneity and the statistical analysis of highway accident data

2016-04-29

Fred Mannering , Venky Shankar , Chandra R. Bhat

The global macroeconomic burden of road injuries: estimates and projections for 166 countries

2019-09-01

Simiao Chen , Michael Kühn , Klaus Prettner +1 more

BackgroundRoad injuries are among the ten leading causes of death worldwide and also impede economic wellbeing and macroeconomic performance. Beyond medical data on the incidence of road injuries and their … BackgroundRoad injuries are among the ten leading causes of death worldwide and also impede economic wellbeing and macroeconomic performance. Beyond medical data on the incidence of road injuries and their resulting morbidity and mortality, a detailed understanding of their economic implications is a prerequisite for sound, evidence-based policy making. We aimed to determine global macroeconomic costs of road traffic injuries and their cross-country distribution.MethodsWe calculated the economic burden of all road traffic-related injuries for 166 countries by use of a macroeconomic model that accounts for the effect of fatal and non-fatal injuries on labour supply, age-specific differences in education and experience of those who are affected by road accidents, and the diversion of injury-related treatment expenses from savings, which results in lower investment.FindingsWe estimated that road injuries will cost the world economy US$1·8 trillion (constant 2010 US$) in 2015–30, which is equivalent to an annual tax of 0·12% on global gross domestic product. Although low-income and middle-income countries have the largest health burden, their share of the economic burden of road injuries is only 46·4% of the global loss, reflecting in part higher productivity (and earnings) in high-income countries, but also prominently higher treatment costs. Our results also indicate that treatment costs account for a greater proportion of the economic burden in high-income countries than in low-income countries.InterpretationThe macroeconomic burden of road injuries is sizeable and distributed unequally across countries and world regions. This finding suggests a case for nuanced policy making. Our framework should provide a good starting point for the more detailed analysis of policies both at country level and across different countries.FundingNational Institute on Aging.

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Traffic fatalities and economic growth

2004-12-15

Elizabeth Kopits , Maureen Cropper

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Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling

2003-09-01

Peter L. Jacobsen

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A Safety Service Patrol Case Study in the Use of Vehicle-Mounted Message Boards to Promote Move-Over Behavior

2025-06-25

Grady Carrick , Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan , Nithin Agarwal +3 more | Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Move over, slow down laws have been enacted in all 50 U.S. states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, to make safety service patrol (SSP) personnel safer. Emergency … Move over, slow down laws have been enacted in all 50 U.S. states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, to make safety service patrol (SSP) personnel safer. Emergency vehicle lighting and markings are treatments aimed at improving driver compliance. Portable changeable message signs (CMSs) and vehicle-mounted arrow boards are typically used by SSP vehicles to enhance visibility and provide advance warning. This research sought to understand the effect that vehicle-mounted message and arrow boards have on driver move-over behavior by observing motorists approaching a staged roadside event. By altering the text and graphic message on the SSP vehicle signboard, changes in driver behavior could be observed, and subsequent analysis provided insights into the most promising practices. More than 4,000 vehicles passed the roadside incident, 1,536 of which were in the lane adjacent to the response vehicle, creating a requirement to move over. It was determined that the use of an arrow pointing to the left (24%) and text messages such as “Caution, Slow Down” (9%) and “Move Over, It’s The Law” (8%), were all more effective than the four-dots displayed in the typical vehicle-mounted CMS caution mode. Procedures for SSP operators should include options for the use of text and arrow sign displays for shoulder events, in addition to the typical caution modes. Furthermore, FHWA’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices might clarify the language for this particular use case, since traffic incidents are emergency road user occurrences where responders do not have the resources available of work zones.

Forecasting spatiotemporal trends of road accidents injuries and fatalities using spatio-temporal cube models: a case study in Iran

2025-06-25

Bahare Sadat Mousavi , Meysam Argany , Najmeh Neysani Samany‬ +1 more | Spatial Information Research

Professional <i>vs.</i> non-professional drivers: unveiling the risky driving behaviours on local road in Qatar

2025-06-24

Mustafa Almallah , Wael Alhajyaseen , Khaled Aboeleneen +2 more | Ergonomics

Taxis are one of the key travel modes, particularly for tourists as well as locals, placing professional taxi drivers in a key role in ensuring public safety. This study compares … Taxis are one of the key travel modes, particularly for tourists as well as locals, placing professional taxi drivers in a key role in ensuring public safety. This study compares the driving behaviour of professional and non-professional on local roads in Qatar. A total of 52 professional and 48 non-professional drivers participated in the driving simulator experiment. The tested conditions included drivers' yielding behaviour at crosswalks, driving behind a slow bus and turning left at a T-intersection while assessing and accepting short gaps in oncoming traffic. The results indicated that professional drivers demonstrated more conservative driving behaviour across tested conditions. Professional drivers had higher yielding rates and reduced crossing speeds at crosswalk compared to non-professional drivers. Moreover, professional drivers were less likely to overtake the bus and maintained higher headways with it. Additionally, they were less influenced by external factors, specifically close following and honking, when turning left at intersections.

Adverse Weather Impact on Road Crashes: A Comparative Analysis Between Barishal and Khulna Divisions

2025-06-24

Md Hasan , Shoaib Mahmud , Ayesha Akter +1 more | Journal of Engineering Science

Bangladesh faces a troubling surge in road crashes, prompting the research on contributing factors. Research emphasizes adverse weather, particularly rainfall, temperature fluctuations, and visibility, as key catalysts. Investigating Khulna and … Bangladesh faces a troubling surge in road crashes, prompting the research on contributing factors. Research emphasizes adverse weather, particularly rainfall, temperature fluctuations, and visibility, as key catalysts. Investigating Khulna and Barishal divisions from 2018 to 2022, this study rigorously employs matched pair analysis. It aims to reveal the intricate interplay between adverse weather and crashes, assessing impacts on frequency, injuries, and fatalities. Findings show robust correlations between adverse weather, like intense rainfall and poor visibility, and increased crash, injury, and fatality rates. In Barishal, light rainfall (1-2 mm) offers a safety advantage, with a 14.59% lower injury rate, while moderate rainfall (3-7 mm) elevates risk with a 13.60% injury rate. Heavy rain (8-12 mm and ≥26 mm) significantly raises crashes and fatality rates, peaking at 41.38% fatalities. Conversely, Khulna responds differently. Even minor rain increments (1-2 mm) increase crashes and fatality rates to 11.5% and 20.9%, respectively. Higher rainfall (8-12 mm) links to intensify crashes and fatality rates, while 26-50 mm and ≥50 mm ranges maintain stable rates but heighten injuries. Wet roads (>2.5 mm water depth) associate with reduced crashes (7.2%), fatality (5.1%), and injury (7.6%) rates. The study conducts significance tests (t-test) in Khulna and Barishal Divisions, revealing in Khulna a substantial correlation between heavy rainfall (>12.5 mm) and increased crash risk and severity. In Barishal, wet road conditions significantly correlate with raised crash risk. Moderate temperatures (15-30°C) see a crash rate of 17.48 per day, with 45.47% injuries and 14.86% fatalities. Above 30°C, crashes decrease to 14.99 per day with lower injury and fatality rates. In Khulna, colder (<15°C) temperatures have higher crash rates (18.18%) with significant injuries (5.45%) and fatalities (18.18%). In 15-30°C range, crashes decrease, but injury rates rise. Visibility consistently affects road safety in both divisions. Improved visibility reduces crashes, fatality, and injury rates. This study made use of weather data from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and reported crash data collected from Accident Research Institute (ARI). The study places a strong emphasis on preventative actions to lessen weather-related road safety risks, improving empirical understanding of the impact of weather dynamics on road crashes in Bangladesh, supporting targeted initiatives for road safety, and guiding policy decisions. Journal of Engineering Science 15(2), 2024, 89-103

Investigating contributing factors to severe injuries in crashes involving motorized rickshaws in Pakistan

2025-06-24

Muhammad Junaid , Amjad Pervez , Jaeyoung Lee +2 more | Journal of Safety Research

Identification of Hazardous Road Locations on Dhaka-Khulna National Highway

2025-06-24

Annika Paul , Roni Adhikary , Md. Ebrahim Shaik +3 more | Journal of Engineering Science

Road crashes are a major concern in the transportation sector of developing countries like Bangladesh. According to “Bangladesh Passengers Welfare Association” (BPWA) about 6,642 deaths and 21,755 injuries and more … Road crashes are a major concern in the transportation sector of developing countries like Bangladesh. According to “Bangladesh Passengers Welfare Association” (BPWA) about 6,642 deaths and 21,755 injuries and more accidents occurred in 2022 in Bangladesh. This research analyzes the various accident data from the year 2018 to 2022 in route N8 (Dhaka – Mawa – Faridpur – Gopalganj – Bagerhat National Highway) in Bangladesh. This study identifies accident-prone locations, often referred to as Hazardous Road Locations (HRL) on Dhaka-Khulna (N8) Highway. The relevant Accident Report Forms (ARF) were collected from the Officer in Charge (OC) of the Highway Police Station (Bhatiapara Highway Police Station and Bhanga Highway Police Station). The Accident Frequency Analysis approach was used to identify accident-prone sites, which were then mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS) on the Dhaka-Khulna National Highway. Sreenagar Filling Station Road, Bogail Bus Stop, Bhanga Gol Chottor, and 19 more locations were identified as HRL on route N8. Head-on collisions, rear-end collisions, and pedestrian hits are the most dominant types of accidents on route N8. The result from this study shows that the maximum number of accidents occurred in Daylight. The result clearly indicates that buses were the most common type of vehicle involved in accidents on Route N8. Journal of Engineering Science 15(2), 2024, 121-130

Situational reflection as predictor of safe driving: Development and testing of the Driver Situational Reflection Scale (DSRS)

2025-06-23

Ivars Austers , Kristīne Jaunzeme , Ģirts Dimdiņš +2 more | Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

The Feasibility Study of a Smart Black Spot Warning System and its Impact on Driving Speeds in Rural Highways

2025-06-23

Mirbahador Yazdani , Amir Abbas Rassafi , Shiva Yazdani | International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research

Analysing the effectiveness of unsignalized crossing infrastructure in improving pedestrian safety using multiple data-driven approaches

2025-06-23

Shengqi Liu , Harry Evdorides | IATSS Research

Vulnerable Road User Safety in Monrovia, Liberia: A Survey Study.

2025-06-23

Jefferson T. Banquando , Ahmed E. Aboud | Academic Journal of Science and Technology

Both developed and developing nations depend heavily on infrastructure development particularly safe roads, railways, electricity, water supply, and housing to support their economic growth and social progress, but in developing … Both developed and developing nations depend heavily on infrastructure development particularly safe roads, railways, electricity, water supply, and housing to support their economic growth and social progress, but in developing countries like Monrovia, Liberia, the socio-economic impact of poor road safety is particularly severe and leads to several negative consequences, such as loss of life, injury, property damage, and medical bills. This research aims to explore the poor road safety issues on vulnerable road users (VRUs) including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists etc, are disproportionately affected by road traffic accidents in Monrovia, Liberia, also this paper examines the consequences of road poor safety on VRUs by a comprehensive survey conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods, or a mixed-methods approach, to identify the major factors related to poor VRUs road safety in Monrovia, including physical injuries, disabilities, and fatalities, inadequate infrastructure, lack of resources, inadequate traffic regulations, poor education, and limited law enforcement etc. which impose significant burdens on individuals, families, and communities. Moreover, it analyzes the economic repercussions of road poor safety, such as increased healthcare costs, loss of productivity, and potential strain on social welfare systems. Furthermore, the paper concludes by highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies with both short-term and long-term solutions that serve as a strategic plan to enhance VRUs road safety, this suggested solutions focuses only on the solutions according to the findings of the study, It underscores the significance of implementing measures such as improving infrastructure, enhancing traffic regulations and enforcement, and promoting public awareness campaigns.

Effects of Urbanization on Road Traffic Injury Rates (RTI)

2025-06-23

Arpit Gupta | Journal of Informatics Education and Research

Urbanization has greatly altered global demography and lifted the living standards, which have helped in economic growth, healthcare access and wider educational prospects. However, despite these benefits, the rapid urban … Urbanization has greatly altered global demography and lifted the living standards, which have helped in economic growth, healthcare access and wider educational prospects. However, despite these benefits, the rapid urban expansion exerts a tremendous threat to road safety, especially in cities that experience a significantly higher rate of population growth compared to infrastructure development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the levels at which there is urbanization and road traffic injury rates and to attempt to identify any underlying patterns and critical risk factors. The approach of combining extensive statistical analysis across many geographical units with qualitative insight from interviews with experienced urban planners and transportation engineers is a mixed-methods one. It is a multifaceted and dynamic relationship, as our findings show. In the first and second stages of urbanization, RTI rates rise sharply because of increased motorization, congested roads, poor public transportation and heavy, relaxed traffic regulations. However, as cities develop their road infrastructure better, traffic management systems and developed policy interventions, a dramatic decrease in RTI is observed. Road density, traffic congestion, the severity of safety law enforcement, and how exhausted obscure public transport systems are key determinants of this trend. The study presents that an integrated proactive urban planning approach is necessary for the general management of the negative impacts of urbanisation in road safety. Road safety infrastructure, implementation of targeted safety interventions, and promotion of sustainable transport policies are essential. Cities can therefore effectively reduce road traffic injuries and make their urban environment safer during transitional phases if they tackle these critical areas.

Pedestrian Safety Evaluation at Signalized Intersections Using (SSM)

2025-06-23

Saurabh Kumar | Journal of Informatics Education and Research

Urban traffic management and transportation engineering best identify areas related to pedestrian safety at signalised intersections. Despite the increase in infrastructure and signal control systems, pedestrians continue to be vulnerable … Urban traffic management and transportation engineering best identify areas related to pedestrian safety at signalised intersections. Despite the increase in infrastructure and signal control systems, pedestrians continue to be vulnerable road users, who are at risk at disproportionate rates compared to motorists. However, current traditional crash-based safety evaluation techniques are poor in predicting risk because of the relatively low frequency of collisions that occur between pedestrians and vehicles, thus creating unreliable estimates of the risk and delaying the implementation of preventive strategies. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation of pedestrian safety is achieved using Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM), namely, Time to collision (TTC), Post encroachment time (PET) and vehicle pedestrian conflict rates. The SSMS contribute proactively in identifying near misses and high-risk situations before accidents happen. A high volume network of signalised intersections was studied in the mid-sized urban environment, and data were collected. Detailed movement paths of both vehicles and pedestrians were extracted using advanced video-based trajectory analysis tools. Trajectories from these methods were calculated, and SSMs were calculated and analysed for different intersection designs and operational conditions. The results showed a strong positive correlation between the conflict rates that are elevated, lower TTC and PET values and historical crash records, indicating the effectiveness of SSMs as useful measures of pedestrian risk. In addition, certain geometric configurations were shown to be important factors in terms of increased conflict rates, including broader crossings as well as insufficient pedestrian clearance intervals. The study proposes targeted engineering treatments and signal timing modifications based on these findings. The research shows the need to incorporate SSMs in the current practices of traffic safety management and lead it in a proactive approach toward mitigation of risk.

The Development of a Road Safety Classification System for South Africa

2025-06-22

Arvin Ramsunder Sarjoo , Dhiren Allopi | Put i saobraćaj

The importance of roads which serve as the literal link to access economic development necessitates the existence of an effective road classification system. While functional classification systems implicitly address road … The importance of roads which serve as the literal link to access economic development necessitates the existence of an effective road classification system. While functional classification systems implicitly address road safety requirements, there is a need for a more focused road safety-based classification system for South Africa as a developing country. Leading international standards describe 20 possible road classification categories in comparison with South African standards which describes two context classes namely “urban” and “rural” offering 12 possible road classification categories. This study is based on the statistical analysis of 83 intersections in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality road network. The data analysis of accident reports, traffic counts and Geographic Information System data has produced results that show a strong correlation of crash risk with road classification. The results of the data analysis indicate that the implied hierarchal structure of functional, road classification systems does not correspond with the hierarchy of road safety risks. The research methodology incorporated correlation and regression analysis with an Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) model comparison. The development of a standalone or appended road safety classification system would empower road authorities with adequate tools to attract funding of road safety projects.

Acquisition and Retention of Pedestrian Safety Knowledge in Elementary and Middle School Students Through the WalkSafe Injury Prevention Program

2025-06-21

Valentina I. Kloosterman , Carolina Gomez , Hengyi Ke +1 more | Health Promotion Practice

Pedestrian injuries and fatalities are pervasive, often preventable, and globally recognized. Road safety is an international, national, and local concern that affects billions of people, particularly those who live in … Pedestrian injuries and fatalities are pervasive, often preventable, and globally recognized. Road safety is an international, national, and local concern that affects billions of people, particularly those who live in underserved communities and with poor transportation accessibility and road safety infrastructure. Since 2005, the evidence-based WalkSafe pedestrian education program has been implemented annually across elementary public schools. This is the first study conducted on WalkSafe with a focus on knowledge acquisition by elementary students and retention of safety concepts by middle schoolers. Data were collected from a total of 3,621 elementary students at 36 participating schools and 1,112 middle schoolers at 29 middle schools using a student survey. The correct percentage of Kindergarten post- and Grade 3 post-survey responses significantly improved in 10 of the 11 survey items. Middle schoolers ( N = 1,112) maintained a high correct percentage in nine of the 11 knowledge survey questions. Results of this study validate previous studies on the effectiveness of WalkSafe on students’ pedestrian safety knowledge. Results also indicate that middle schoolers retain safety knowledge once they are no longer exposed to WalkSafe. Practical implications of this study include the significant role of safety school-based interventions in promoting safety knowledge in children through reinforced learning and innovative strategies. Further research is needed on the internalization and transfer of safety knowledge to pedestrian safety attitudes and behaviors in children. National and state policies on and funding for pedestrian school-based safety education should be part of the societal discourse.

Beyond the conventional: Exploring pedestrian safety on interstates with Bayesian and machine learning models

2025-06-21

Sheikh Muhammad Usman , Asad J. Khattak | Journal of Safety Research

A Data Mining Approach for Evaluating Factors Associated with the Occurrence and Severity of Road Traffic Accidents

2025-06-20

Amanda Christine Gallucci Silva , Gabriel Troyan Rodrigues , Fábio Teodoro de Souza +1 more | Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental

Objective: Traffic accidents represent a major public health concern and should not be treated as random or inevitable events. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence … Objective: Traffic accidents represent a major public health concern and should not be treated as random or inevitable events. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence and severity of road traffic accidents using data mining techniques, contributing to urban planning and road safety. Theoretical Framework: The literature indicates that traffic accidents result from the interaction of multiple factors, such as driver behavior, road infrastructure, environmental conditions, and modes of transportation. Data-driven analysis allows identifying patterns and correlations that support targeted preventive actions. Understanding these factors is essential for the formulation of evidence-based public policies. Methods: Two databases provided by the Paraná State Highway Department (DER/PR) were analyzed, covering records from 2004–2013 and 2019–2024. Four data mining techniques were applied: two statistical techniques (linear correlation and factor analysis) and two clustering techniques (k-means and dendrogram). The CBA software was also used to construct classification rules capable of predicting fatal accidents based on selected variables. Among the factors analyzed, the following stand out: time of day, type of accident, road characteristics, visibility, and weather conditions. Results and Discussion: The results revealed key patterns associated with fatal accidents. Factors such as road winding, poor lighting, high speed, and the presence of an urban perimeter were identified as contributing to the severity of accidents. The models developed with the CBA software achieved accuracy rates above 94% (data from 2004–2013) and between 86% and 89% (data from 2019–2024), demonstrating consistent predictive capacity. However, the limited availability of data — especially related to user profiles — reduced the explanatory power in the most recent records. Research Implications: The findings reinforce the importance of improving traffic monitoring systems and standardizing data collection to improve risk analysis. The predictive rules obtained provide support for interventions aimed at traffic engineering, improving signage, and planning infrastructure with a focus on reducing fatal outcomes. Originality/Value: This study contributes by integrating data mining techniques into the analysis of traffic accidents, highlighting actionable insights from real data. The expansion and standardization of records is advocated as a strategy for more accurate diagnoses and more effective policy decisions. The use of existing administrative databases to build predictive models adds value to public safety strategies in transportation management.

Research on drivers’ hazard perception and visual characteristics before vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler collisions

2025-06-20

Xianhui Wu , Chenxi Li , Xinghua Wang +4 more | Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Smart brake pad early warning system: enhancing vehicle safety through real-time monitoring

2025-06-20

Afif Syam Fauzi , Giva Andriana Mutiara , Muhammad Rizqy Alfarisi +2 more | Computer Science and Information Technologies

A contributing factor to traffic accidents is brake pad failure, which diminishes braking system performance and extends braking distance. This work develops a prototype utilizing internet of things (IoT) to … A contributing factor to traffic accidents is brake pad failure, which diminishes braking system performance and extends braking distance. This work develops a prototype utilizing internet of things (IoT) to measure brake pad thickness, hence enhancing driver awareness through real-time monitoring. The system establishes the thickness detection threshold at 75% (3-4 mm) and 50% (5–6 mm) as a cautionary parameter. The thickness parameter employs an American wire gauge (AWG) 18 cable to connect to the ESP32 microcontroller. The web-based IoT monitoring interface employs Laravel. This method enables drivers to get prompt notifications regarding the decrease in brake pad thickness, hence permitting urgent preventative maintenance to mitigate the risk of accidents. The system underwent testing through friction at a rotational speed of 600 to 6,000 rpm. The test findings indicated that the sensor precisely measured the brake pad thickness with a prototype response time of a second. This system is suitable for implementation on old model vehicles that do not have an early warning system. The installation of this technology is anticipated to enhance driver knowledge of the state of the brake pads, hence potentially diminishing the danger of brake system failure caused by unmonitored pad wear.

Navigating Risks and Realities: Understanding Motorbike Taxi Usage and Safety Strategies in Yaoundé and Douala (Cameroon)

2025-06-19

Abdou Kouomoun , Salifou Ndam , Jérôme Chenal +1 more | Safety

Motorbike taxis are widely used in Yaoundé and Douala, despite their association with heightened accident risks and relatively high fares. This research combines qualitative methods, including 38 semi-structured interviews and … Motorbike taxis are widely used in Yaoundé and Douala, despite their association with heightened accident risks and relatively high fares. This research combines qualitative methods, including 38 semi-structured interviews and direct field observations, with a quantitative survey of 280 motorbike taxi passengers (customers). It employs a dynamic risk approach to analyse both the factors motivating individuals to choose motorbike taxis and the strategies adopted by drivers and passengers to mitigate and prevent accidents. The findings reveal that speed, cost-effectiveness, and the limited accessibility of certain neighbourhoods to other transport options are key factors driving regular motorbike taxi use. Moreover, strategies for managing accident risks include regulating passenger positions based on gender, perceived age, or physical stature; invoking deities for protection; and passengers’ verbal interactions with drivers to ensure safer behaviour. This research also explores how overloading, a collectively tolerated deviance, is managed to avoid or minimize the impact of accidents. By addressing both risk acceptance and prevention strategies, this study provides new insights into passengers’ social perceptions, which are often overlooked in motorbike taxi research. It expands the understanding of motorbike taxi use in urban Global South transport contexts, particularly in terms of users’ risk management behaviours.

PREDICTORS OF TRAFFIC ROAD VIOLATORS

2025-06-19

Noel G. Cuarteros | Advances and Applications in Statistics

The factors influencing a driver’s tendency to encounter traffic violations are examined in this study. Age is one of the main factors that the investigation finds to have a substantial … The factors influencing a driver’s tendency to encounter traffic violations are examined in this study. Age is one of the main factors that the investigation finds to have a substantial impact on driver behavior. Because they may find it difficult to follow traffic laws or make mistakes when driving, older drivers are more likely to commit traffic infractions. Additionally, the kind of driver’s license (TDL) was found to alter infraction dispositions, demonstrating that the level of training and experience varies across drivers, which can influence their adherence to traffic rules. Furthermore, how drivers view traffic enforcement (Q1) may have an impact on their compliance; a lower perceived effectiveness may encourage riskier behavior. Self-reported driving behaviors including speeding and aggressive driving are clear behavioral markers of the likelihood of infractions. The model uses these variables to create a risk profile for every respondent, which can guide the creation of policies and focused interventions. The model’s capacity to take situational and psychological factors of driving into account is improved by the incorporation of subjective reactions with empirical data. All things considered, this system provides a data-driven way to predict traffic infractions and enhance road safety tactics.

Effects of early notifications on driver responses to lateral collision warnings

2025-06-19

Wenjing Zhao , Siyuan Gong , Dezong Zhao +3 more | Accident Analysis & Prevention

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bus crash severity

2025-06-19

Saba Doulabi , Benjamin Meysohn , Miles Crumley | Journal of Safety Research

Social cognition and driving: Theory of mind is associated with drivers’ hazard perception

2025-06-19

Stephanie C. Goodhew , Mark Edwards , Cheuk‐Sing Choy +3 more | Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Correction: Child pedestrian crossing behaviour and associated risk factors in school zones: a video-based observational study in Kampala, Uganda

2025-06-19

| Injury Prevention

The impact of climate change on road traffic crashes in Ghana

2025-06-19

Ruth Akorli , Philip Antwi‐Agyei , Patrick Davies +5 more | International Journal of Biometeorology

Causes and Measures for Reducing Road Traffic Accidents Along the Kaduna- Abuja Expressway, Kaduna State, North-West, Nigeria.

2025-06-19

Pannan I. Da’ap , Panshak R. Dafil , Plangji S. Cinjel | International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health

Background: Globalization has led to increasing motorization with a resultant increase in the frequency and severity of morbidity and mortality among road traffic accident (RTA) victims. This makes it important … Background: Globalization has led to increasing motorization with a resultant increase in the frequency and severity of morbidity and mortality among road traffic accident (RTA) victims. This makes it important that the attention of all drivers especially commercial drivers be drawn to the causes of RTA and measures that can be taken to reduce road traffic accidents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 366 commercial vehicle drivers plying the Kaduna-Abuja expressway with the aim of finding their views on the causes and measures capable of reducing road traffic accidents along the Kaduna-Abuja expressway. Results: Overspeeding had the highest frequency 102 (27.9%) of all the causes of RTA among the respondents, followed by bad roads 79 (21.6%), drivers’ impatience 62 (16.9%), dangerous overtaking 36 (9.9%), burst tire 25 (6.8%), driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol (DUI) 20 (5.5%), armed robbers/kidnappers attack 14 (3.8%), failed brake 10 (2.7%), sleeping while driving 9(2.5%) and others 9 (2.5%). Concerning measures to reduce RTA, road expansion had the highest frequency 137 (37.4%), this was followed by training of drivers on road signs and road safety measures 70 (19.1%), obeying traffic rules 69 (18.9%), regular road maintenance 65 (17.8%), effective markings of road safety signs 11 (3%), a campaign against driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol 7 (1.9%), enough rest periods for drivers 4(1.1%), and regular vehicle maintenance 3(0.8%). Conclusion: the study has noted overspeeding, bad road networks, burst tires, dangerous overtaking, driver’s impatience, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, sleeping while driving, armed robbers/kidnappers attacks, and failed brake as the main causes of road traffic accident along the Kaduna-Abuja expressway and measures to reduce RTA include campaign against driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol, effective markings of road safety signs, enough rest periods for drivers, expansion of the road network, regular road maintenance, regular vehicle maintenance, training of drivers on road signs and safety measures, and obeying traffic rules. It was therefore recommended that strict enforcement of traffic laws regular road and regular vehicle maintenance are key to reducing or eliminating RTA along the Kaduna-Abuja expressway.

Leveraging probe data to assess left-turn driver behaviour under varying permissive signals

2025-06-18

Xi Zhang , Henrick Haule , Yao‐Jan Wu | Transportmetrica A Transport Science

What drives road rage? A systematic review on the psychological correlates of aggressive driving behavior

2025-06-18

Steven Love , Michelle Nicolls | Journal of Safety Research

Second downward trend in global road traffic deaths

2025-06-18

Meleckidzedeck Khayesi , Kacem Iaych | Injury Prevention

Objective To describe the characteristics of a second downward trend in the rate of global road traffic deaths, measured by the number of road traffic deaths per 100 000 population. … Objective To describe the characteristics of a second downward trend in the rate of global road traffic deaths, measured by the number of road traffic deaths per 100 000 population. Methods A smoothing function was fitted to scatter plot distributions of road traffic deaths per 100 000 population for each of the 16 countries that had revealed a second downward trend to determine the types of patterns in the declining rate of road traffic fatalities. Results A second wave of a downward trend in the rate of road traffic deaths has been detected in 16 countries in the period 1990–2021. The first wave of a downward trend in road traffic deaths occurred in the 1970s in Western Europe, the USA and Australia. Conclusions A shift has occurred in the upward trend in the rate of road traffic deaths in 16 countries. This shift or bend represents a second wave in the downward trend in the rate of global road traffic deaths.

A priority based multi-level heterogeneity modelling framework for vulnerable road users

2025-06-18

Mujeeb Abiola Abdulrazaq , Wei Fan | Transportmetrica A Transport Science

Assessing the Influence of Pavement Performance on Road Safety Through Crash Frequency and Severity Analysis

2025-06-17

Prathyush Kumar Reddy Lebaku , Lu Gao , Jingran Sun +2 more | International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology

Urban Traffic Management in the Age of Rapid Urbanization: Challenges for Police Duty and Health

2025-06-17

Utkarsh Jagannath Ahire - , Sudhakar Borse | International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

Rapid urbanization in both developing and developed nations has led to a sharp rise in vehicular traffic, resulting in increased road accidents, air and noise pollution, and elevated stress on … Rapid urbanization in both developing and developed nations has led to a sharp rise in vehicular traffic, resulting in increased road accidents, air and noise pollution, and elevated stress on traffic police. This research paper examines the complex challenges of managing urban traffic in growing cities, with a focus on how these challenges affect the duties and health of police personnel. Traffic police are exposed to long hours, extreme weather, and high pollution levels, leading to fatigue, respiratory problems, and mental stress. Through case studies, statistical analysis, and a review of relevant literature, the paper highlights the deteriorating work conditions and health issues faced by traffic enforcement officers. It also explores the institutional limitations and infrastructural gaps in current traffic systems. The study concludes by offering actionable recommendations to enhance urban traffic management, implement supportive policy reforms, and introduce health and wellness measures for the safety and well-being of traffic police personnel.

Analysing driver behaviour in Kuwait toward willingness to give way to Emergency Medical Service (EMS) vehicles

2025-06-17

Sharaf Alkheder | Safety in Extreme Environments

Shifting Landscapes, Escalating Risks: How Land Use Conversion Shapes Long-Term Road Crash Outcomes in Melbourne

2025-06-17

Alì Soltani , Mohsen Roohani Qadikolaei , Amir Sobhani | Future Transportation

Road crashes impose significant societal costs, and while links between static land use and safety are established, the long-term impacts of dynamic land use conversions remain under-explored. This study addresses … Road crashes impose significant societal costs, and while links between static land use and safety are established, the long-term impacts of dynamic land use conversions remain under-explored. This study addresses this gap by investigating and quantifying how specific land use transitions over a decade influence subsequent road crash frequency in Metropolitan Melbourne. Our objective was to understand which conversion pathways pose the greatest risks or offer safety benefits, informing urban planning and policy. Utilizing extensive observational data covering numerous land use conversions, we employed Negative Binomial models (selected as the best fit over Poisson and quasi-Poisson alternatives) to analyze the association between various transition types and crash occurrences in surrounding areas. The analysis revealed distinct and statistically significant safety outcomes. Major findings indicate that transitions introducing intensified activity and vulnerable road users, such as converting agricultural land or parks to educational facilities (e.g., Agri → Edu, coefficient ≈ +0.10; Park → Edu, ≈+0.12), or intensifying land use in previously less active zones (e.g., Park → Com, ≈+0.07; Trans → Park, ≈+0.10), significantly elevate long-term crash risk, particularly when infrastructure is inadequate. Conversely, conversions creating low-traffic, nature-focused environments (e.g., Water → Park, ≈–0.16) or channeling activity onto well-suited infrastructure (e.g., Trans → Com, ≈–0.12) demonstrated substantial reductions in crash frequency. The critical role of context-specific infrastructure adaptation, highlighted by increased risks in some park conversions (e.g., Com → Park, ≈+0.06), emerged as a key mediator of safety outcomes. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating dynamic, long-term road safety considerations into land use planning, mandating appropriate infrastructure redesign during conversions, and prioritizing interventions for identified high-risk transition scenarios to foster safer and more sustainable urban development.

Modeling of injury severity of distracted driving accident using statistical and machine learning models

2025-06-16

Neero Gumsar Sorum , Martina Gumsar Sorum | PLoS ONE

Distracted Driving (DD) is one of the global causes of high mortality and fatality in road traffic accidents. The increase in the number of distracted driving accidents (DDAs) is one … Distracted Driving (DD) is one of the global causes of high mortality and fatality in road traffic accidents. The increase in the number of distracted driving accidents (DDAs) is one of the concerns among transportation communities. The present study aimed to examine the individual and interacted effects of the influential factors on the injury severity of the DDAs using the Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) method, and at the same, to select the best machine learning (ML) model in predicting the injury severity of the DDA. The selection of the best ML model was based on the optimum combination of accuracy, F1 score, and area under curve metrics. Ten years of DDA data (2011−2020) provided by the police department of Imphal, India, was used in the present study. The BLR model-without-interaction results revealed that out of twenty categorical variables, nine categorical variables (below 18, 18−24, 25−40, above 40 years age group, two-wheeler, heavy motor vehicle, 12AM-6AM, 6PM-12AM, and hit-object collision) were statistically significant to the injury severity of the DDAs. In interaction model results, there were 11, 1, and 1 significant combinations among categorical variables in two-way, three-way, and four-way interaction models, respectively. The ML model results showed that overall, the XGBoost model was reported as the best-performing model in the first hyperparameter set, and the Single Layer Perceptron model in the second set. These results may be useful for transportation policymakers while implementing any countermeasures to improve road safety in hilly areas.

Enhancing driving safety with customized music: A simulator study using entropy weight and Bayesian Networks

2025-06-16

Liangkai Kang , Said M. Easa , Xinyi Zheng | Journal of Safety Research

Differential analysis of active safety test in China based on traffic accident data

2025-06-16

Shishu Zhao , Shuai Zhang , Cheng Zhang | International Conference on Frontiers of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (FTTE 2022)

Systematic review of pedestrian safety at roundabouts

2025-06-16

Erdem Doğan | Journal of Safety Research

Balancing safety and efficiency for autonomous vehicles at urban uncontrolled crosswalk: challenges and countermeasures

2025-06-14

Chen Xu , D. A. Maximov , Yan Xu +3 more | Accident Analysis & Prevention

A data-driven spatial decision framework for assessing the relationship between logistics activities and heavy vehicle accident risks

2025-06-14

Ömer Kaya , Nuriye Kabakuş | Research in Transportation Business & Management

The Lack of Safety Facilities on Pintu Angin Biak Road Results in Less Users Negating Driving Safety

2025-06-14

Mega Sintya Ose Attawuwur , Riza Phalevi Marwanto , Suprapto Hadi | Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA)

The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of road accidents in order to provide solutions or recommendations in improving road safety facilities as a preventive measure with … The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of road accidents in order to provide solutions or recommendations in improving road safety facilities as a preventive measure with the PKJI (Indonesian Road Safety Guidelines) method on Pintu Angin road, Biak Regency. Jalan Pintu Angin is an arterial road that connects the Provincial Road (Biak-Adibai-Marauw Section) and the National Section (Biak-Moker), the Provincial Section (Biak-Bosnik). However, this is not balanced by the complete safety facilities, especially street lighting, markings, reflectors, and traffic signs. The road has several danger points, including uphill and curved roads, besides that there is also no availability of warning signs and road monitoring ahead which makes this Japanese Cave road often an accident-prone point. This accident risk analysis obtained results, which showed that these hazards have varying levels of risk ranging from moderate to extreme. This can be urgent to fulfill the need for warning signs in areas with a high risk of accidents, as well as the installation of guardill repairs, lighting lights, reflectors, and markings. The implementation of appropriate risk control measures is expected to reduce the risk of accidents, and the severity of accidents, and it is expected to increase safety and welfare for road users in this area.

Exploring the factors affecting injury severity in highway and non-highway crashes in Bangladesh applying machine learning and SHAP

2025-06-14

Nazmus Sakib , Tonmoy Paul , Subasish Das +1 more | IATSS Research

Transferring crash modification factors to automated vehicle environments using surrogate endpoints: Theoretical considerations

2025-06-13

Gary A. Davis , Jingru Gao | Accident Analysis & Prevention

Safety risk assessment for intersection rear-end conflicts based on collision risk force indicator

2025-06-13

Chengkun Liu , Tao Wang , Shiyi Chen +2 more | International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

This study introduces a novel method for assessing the risk of rear-end conflicts based on collision risk force indicator. Drawing on the theory of road user safety fields, we construct … This study introduces a novel method for assessing the risk of rear-end conflicts based on collision risk force indicator. Drawing on the theory of road user safety fields, we construct a collision risk force indicator tailored for rear-end conflict scenarios. By analyzing the impact of driver attributes and vehicle features on risk force, as well as key road environmental factors influencing rear-end accidents, we propose a specific calibration method for the collision risk force indicator. This is further refined using historical accident data for parameter calibration. We then employ the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) model and utilize the collision risk force values as input indicator to predict the annual average accident frequency. As a case study, we select intersections in Guilin City and extract vehicle trajectory information. The calibrated collision risk force method is applied to obtain accident prediction values for the intersections. The results demonstrate that the predicted annual frequency of rear-end accidents, based on the collision risk force indicator, aligns with the 95% Poisson confidence interval of actual accidents, validating the accuracy of our research method. The calibrated collision risk force indicator serves as a non-accident indicator for evaluating the safety risks of rear-end conflicts at intersections.