Health Professions › General Health Professions

Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

Works Count: 73029

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers explores various aspects of adolescent sexual health, including behavior patterns, risk factors for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, the role of sex education and contraceptive use, parent-adolescent communication, gender inequalities, and the impact of social determinants of health on adolescent sexual behavior.

Keywords

Adolescent Health; Sexual Behavior; HIV Prevention; Risk Factors; Youth Risk Behavior; Sex Education; Contraceptive Use; Parent-Adolescent Communication; Gender Inequalities; Social Determinants of Health

Fertility, family planning, and women's health: new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.

1997-05-01

Joyce Abma , Anjani Chandra , William D. Mosher +2 more

This report shows data on a wide range of topics from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), including: pregnancy and birth, marriage, divorce, cohabitation, sexual intercourse, contraception, infertility, … This report shows data on a wide range of topics from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), including: pregnancy and birth, marriage, divorce, cohabitation, sexual intercourse, contraception, infertility, use of family planning and other medical services, and health conditions and behavior.The data in this report are based on in-person interviews with a national sample of 10,847 women 15-44 years of age. The interviews lasted an average of 103 minutes. The response rate was 79 percent. The sample data are adjusted for nonresponse and are national estimates.Following large increases in the 1970's and 1980's, the proportion of teenagers who have ever had sexual intercourse decreased slightly between 1990 and 1995; condom use, both at first intercourse and currently, has increased markedly since the 1970's. These changes may have contributed to the decreases in the teen birth rate observed in the 1990's. For all women 15-44 years of age, the number whose partner was currently using the condom (at the date of interview) increased from 3.6 million in 1982 to 5.1 million in 1988 and 7.9 million in 1995. About 8 percent of women reported that their first intercourse was not voluntary. This result is consistent with an earlier national survey. About 20 percent reported that they had been forced by a man to have intercourse at some time in their lives. About 10 percent of births in 1990-95 were unwanted by the mother compared with 12 percent in 1984-88. The decrease in unwanted births was particularly large for black women. It appears that the prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and vaginal douching have both decreased since 1988.

Motivation and Personality

1997-01-01

Abraham H. Maslow

Perspectives on Sexuality Sex Research - an Overview Part 1. Biological Perspectives: Sexual Anatomy 1. Sexual Physiology 2. Human Reproduction 3. Birth Control 4. Abortion Part 2. Developmental Perspectives: Childhood … Perspectives on Sexuality Sex Research - an Overview Part 1. Biological Perspectives: Sexual Anatomy 1. Sexual Physiology 2. Human Reproduction 3. Birth Control 4. Abortion Part 2. Developmental Perspectives: Childhood Sexuality 5. Adolescent Sexuality 6. Adult Sexuality 7. Gender Roles Part 3. Psychological Perspectives: Loving and Being Loved 8. Intimacy and Communication Skills 9. Enhancing your Sexual Relationships 10. Sexual Orientation 11. Sexual Behaviour 12. Sexual Variations 13. Coercive Sex - the Varieties of Sexual Assault Part 4. Sexual Health Perspectives: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Infections 14. HIV Infection and AIDS 15. Sexual Dysfunctions and Sex Therapy 16. Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health Part 5 Cultural Perspectives: Sex and the Law 17. Religious and Ethical Perspectives and Sexuality

Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission

2002-01-21

Susan C. Weller , Karen Davis-Beaty

Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire

1988-04-01

Michelle Fine

Michelle Fine argues that the anti-sex rhetoric surrounding sex education and school-based health clinics does little to enhance the development of sexual responsibility and subjectivity in adolescents. Despite substantial evidence … Michelle Fine argues that the anti-sex rhetoric surrounding sex education and school-based health clinics does little to enhance the development of sexual responsibility and subjectivity in adolescents. Despite substantial evidence on the success of both school-based health clinics and access to sexuality information, the majority of public schools do not sanction or provide such information. As a result, female students, particularly low-income ones, suffer most from the inadequacies of present sex education policies. Current practices and language lead to increased experiences of victimization, teenage pregnancy, and increased dropout rates,and consequently, ". . . combine to exacerbate the vulnerability of young women whom schools, and the critics of sex education and school-based health clinics, claim to protect."The author combines a thorough review of the literature with her research in public schools to make a compelling argument for "sexuality education" that fosters not only the full development of a sexual self but education in its broadest sense.

Love, sex, and power: Considering women's realities in HIV prevention.

1995-01-01

Hortensia Amaro

The rates of HIV infection and AIDS cases among women in the United States have increased significantly in the last decade. Thanks in large part to the work of advocacy … The rates of HIV infection and AIDS cases among women in the United States have increased significantly in the last decade. Thanks in large part to the work of advocacy groups and to action by the U.S. Congress, there has been some progress in making HIV/AIDS research and services more responsive to women's needs (e.g., including women in clinical drug trials and revising the Centers for Disease Control definition of AIDS to include infections typical in women). However, little progress has been made in addressing the need for prevention of HIV infection among women. This article examines how researchers using behavioral approaches to HIV prevention have largely ignored how gender, women's social status, and women's roles affect sexual risk behaviors and the ability to take steps to reduce risk of infection. Additional factors to be considered in theories that guide future HIV/AIDS prevention programs are examined.

The Health Belief Model and HIV Risk Behavior Change

1994-01-01

Irwin M. Rosenstock , Victor J. Strecher , Marshall H. Becker

Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997.

1999-09-01

Lance S. Weinhardt , Michael P. Carey , Blair T. Johnson +1 more

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed … OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed behavior before and after counseling and testing, and provided details sufficient for the calculation of effect sizes. The studies involved 19,597 participants. RESULTS: After counseling and testing, HIV-positive participants and HIV-serodiscordant couples reduced unprotected intercourse and increased condom use more than HIV-negative and untested participants. HIV-negative participants did not modify their behavior more than untested participants. Participants' age, volition for testing, and injection drug use treatment status, as well as the sample seroprevalence and length of the follow-up, explained the variance in results. CONCLUSIONS: HIV counseling and testing appears to provide an effective means of secondary prevention for HIV-positive individuals but, as conducted in the reviewed studies, is not an effective primary prevention strategy for uninfected participants. Theory-driven research with attention given to the context of testing is needed to further explicate the determinants of behavior change resulting from HIV counseling and testing, and the effectiveness of specific counseling approaches.

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

1992-01-01

Jeffrey D. Fisher , William A. Fisher

This article contains a comprehensive, critical review of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-risk-reduction literature on interventions that have targeted risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug use practices. A conceptually based, … This article contains a comprehensive, critical review of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-risk-reduction literature on interventions that have targeted risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug use practices. A conceptually based, highly generalizable model for promoting and evaluating AIDS-risk behavior change in any population of interest is then proposed. The model holds that AIDS-risk reduction is a function of people's information about AIDS transmission and prevention, their motivation to reduce AIDS risk, and their behavioral skills for performing the specific acts involved in risk reduction. Supportive tests of this model, using structural equation modeling techniques, are then reported for populations of university students and gay male affinity group members.

View PDF Chat

Patterns of Sexual Behavior

1951-08-01

Abraham Stone , Clellan S. Ford , Frank A. Beach

Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing.

1987-09-01

Paula E. Hollerbach , Cheryl D. Hayes

More than 1 million teenage girls in the United States become pregnant each year; nearly half give birth. Why do these young people, who are hardly more than children themselves, … More than 1 million teenage girls in the United States become pregnant each year; nearly half give birth. Why do these young people, who are hardly more than children themselves, become parents? This volume reviews in detail the trends in and consequences of teenage sexual behavior and offers thoughtful insights on the issues of sexual initiation, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, adoption, and the well-being of adolescent families. It provides a systematic assessment of the impact of various programmatic approaches, both preventive and ameliorative, in light of the growing scientific understanding of the topic.

The social organization of sexuality

1995-08-16

Harry W. Haverkos

To the Editor. —The National Health and Social Life Survey on adult sexual behavior in the United States was released recently. 1-3 The report is based on interviews of 3432 … To the Editor. —The National Health and Social Life Survey on adult sexual behavior in the United States was released recently. 1-3 The report is based on interviews of 3432 men and women aged 18 to 59 years residing in randomly selected households across the country. The goals of the survey were to present a comprehensive and scientific picture of sexual behavior, guide further research, and target health and social services. However, the potential for misinterpretation of this information is great, particularly in planning and allocating resources related to sexually transmitted diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). One prominent finding of the survey was that approximately 80% of adults reported no or one sexual partner in the year before the interview, and approximately 3% of men and 2% of women reported any homosexual or bisexual activity during the same period. From these data,

Compliance with therapeutic regimens

1984-04-01

Susan Jay , Iris F. Litt , Robert H. DuRant

HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: an experimental analysis.

1991-02-01

Jeffrey A. Kelly , Janet S. St. Lawrence , Y E Diaz +6 more

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. Peer norms influence the adoption of behavior changes to reduce risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. By experimentally intervening at a community level to modify risk … BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. Peer norms influence the adoption of behavior changes to reduce risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. By experimentally intervening at a community level to modify risk behavior norms, it may be possible to promote generalized reductions in HIV risk practices within a population. METHODS. We trained persons reliably identified as popular opinion leaders among gay men in a small city to serve as behavior change endorsers to their peers. The opinion leaders acquired social skills for making these endorsements and complied in talking frequently with friends and acquaintances. Before and after intervention, we conducted surveys of men patronizing gay clubs in the intervention city and in two matched comparison cities. RESULTS. In the intervention city, the proportion of men who engaged in any unprotected anal intercourse in a two-month period decreased from 36.9 percent to 27.5 percent (-25 percent from baseline), with a reduction from 27.1 percent to 19.0 percent (-30 percent from baseline) for unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Relative to baseline levels, there was a 16 percent increase in condom use during anal intercourse and an 18 percent decrease in the proportion of men with more than one sexual partner. Little or no change was observed among men in the comparison cities over the same period of time. CONCLUSIONS. Interventions that employ peer leaders to endorse change may produce or accelerate population behavior changes to lessen risk for HIV infection.

View PDF Chat

A Test of Major Assumptions About Behavior Change: A Comprehensive Look at the Effects of Passive and Active HIV-Prevention Interventions Since the Beginning of the Epidemic.

2005-01-01

Dolores Albarracín , Jeffrey C. Gillette , Allison Earl +3 more

This meta-analysis tested the major theoretical assumptions about behavior change by examining the outcomes and mediating mechanisms of different preventive strategies in a sample of 354 HIV-prevention interventions and 99 … This meta-analysis tested the major theoretical assumptions about behavior change by examining the outcomes and mediating mechanisms of different preventive strategies in a sample of 354 HIV-prevention interventions and 99 control groups, spanning the past 17 years. There were 2 main conclusions from this extensive review. First, the most effective interventions were those that contained attitudinal arguments, educational information, behavioral skills arguments, and behavioral skills training, whereas the least effective ones were those that attempted to induce fear of HIV. Second, the impact of the interventions and the different strategies behind them was contingent on the gender, age, ethnicity, risk group, and past condom use of the target audience in ways that illuminate the direction of future preventive efforts.

View PDF Chat

Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: A meta-analysis.

1999-01-01

Pascal Sheeran , Charles Abraham , Sheina Orbell

Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the … Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and enactment stages of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (Catania, Kegeles, & Coates, 1990). Findings showed that demographic, personality, and labeling stage variables had small average correlations with condom use. Commitment and enactment stage variables fared better, with attitudes toward condoms, behavioral intentions, and communication about condoms being the most important predictors. Overall, findings support a social psychological model of condom use highlighting the importance of behavior-specific cognitions, social interaction, and preparatory behaviors rather than knowledge and beliefs about the threat of infection.

Impact of Stepping Stones on incidence of HIV and HSV-2 and sexual behaviour in rural South Africa: cluster randomised controlled trial

2008-08-07

Rachel Jewkes , Mzikazi Nduna , Jonathan Levin +4 more

Objective To assess the impact of Stepping Stones, a HIV prevention programme, on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and sexual behaviour. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. … Objective To assess the impact of Stepping Stones, a HIV prevention programme, on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and sexual behaviour. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 70 villages (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Participants 1360 men and 1416 women aged 15-26 years, who were mostly attending schools. Intervention Stepping Stones, a 50 hour programme, aims to improve sexual health by using participatory learning approaches to build knowledge, risk awareness, and communication skills and to stimulate critical reflection. Villages were randomised to receive either this or a three hour intervention on HIV and safer sex. Interviewers administered questionnaires at baseline and 12 and 24 months and blood was tested for HIV and HSV-2. Main outcome measures Primary outcome measure: incidence of HIV. Other outcomes: incidence of HSV-2, unwanted pregnancy, reported sexual practices, depression, and substance misuse. Results There was no evidence that Stepping Stones lowered the incidence of HIV (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.35). The programme was associated with a reduction of about 33% in the incidence of HSV-2 (0.67, 0.46 to 0.97; P=0.036)—that is, Stepping Stones reduced the number of new HSV-2 infections over a two year period by 34.9 (1.6 to 68.2) per 1000 people exposed. Stepping Stones significantly improved a number of reported risk behaviours in men, with a lower proportion of men reporting perpetration of intimate partner violence across two years of follow-up and less transactional sex and problem drinking at 12 months. In women desired behaviour changes were not reported and those in the Stepping Stones programme reported more transactional sex at 12 months. Conclusion Stepping Stones did not reduce incidence of HIV but had an impact on several risk factors for HIV—notably, HSV-2 and perpetration of intimate partner violence. Trial Registration Clinical Trials NCT00332878.

View PDF Chat

Global perspectives on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents: patterns, prevention, and potential

2007-03-28

Linda H. Bearinger , Renee E. Sieving , Jane Ferguson +1 more

Sexual behaviour in Britain: partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours

2001-12-01

Margaret Johnson , Catherine H Mercer , Bob Erens +7 more

Sexual double standards: A review and methodological critique of two decades of research

2003-02-01

Mary Crawford , Danielle Popp

A review of 30 studies published since 1980 found evidence for the continued existence of sexual double standards: different standards of sexual permissiveness for women and men. Experimental studies have … A review of 30 studies published since 1980 found evidence for the continued existence of sexual double standards: different standards of sexual permissiveness for women and men. Experimental studies have included predominantly White North American college students; ethnographies, focus group and interview studies, and linguistic analyses have included more diverse samples. Studies show that sexual double standards are influenced by situational and interpersonal factors (e.g., the target's age, level of relationship commitment, and number of partners), and that double standards are local constructions, differing across ethnic and cultural groups. This review discusses methodological issues, including the strengths and limitations of quantitative and qualitative approaches. It also discusses implications for women's high‐risk sexual behavior and sexual identity, and suggests directions for future research.

View PDF Chat

Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis.

2001-01-01

Dolores Albarracín , Blair T. Johnson , Martin Fishbein +1 more

To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key … To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key variables. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action's predictions, (a) condom use was related to intentions (weighted mean r. = .45), (b) intentions were based on attitudes (r. = .58) and subjective norms (r. = .39), and (c) attitudes were associated with behavioral beliefs (r. = .56) and norms were associated with normative beliefs (r. = .46). Consistent with the theory of planned behavior's predictions, perceived behavioral control was related to condom use intentions (r. = .45) and condom use (r. = .25), but in contrast to the theory, it did not contribute significantly to condom use. The strength of these associations, however, was influenced by the consideration of past behavior. Implications of these results for HIV prevention efforts are discussed.

View PDF Chat

Sex and HIV Education Programs: Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People Throughout the World

2007-02-23

Douglas Kirby , B. A. Laris , Lori A. Rolleri

Sexual Conduct: The Social Sources of Human Sexuality.

1975-05-01

Judith Long Laws , John H. Gagnon , William Simon

The first edition of Sexual Conduct, published in 1973, swiftly became a landmark text in the sociology of sexuality. It went on to profoundly shape the ideas of several generations … The first edition of Sexual Conduct, published in 1973, swiftly became a landmark text in the sociology of sexuality. It went on to profoundly shape the ideas of several generations of scholars and has become the foundation text of what is now known as the constructionist approach to sexuality. The present edition, revised, updated, and containing new introductory and concluding materials, introduces a classic text to a new generation of students and professionals.Traditional views of human sexuality posit models of man and woman in which biological arrangements are translated into sociocultural imperatives. This is best summarized in the phrase anatomy is destiny. Consequently, the almost exclusive concern has been with the power of biology and nature in sexual conduct as opposed to understanding the significance and impact of social life. In Sexual Conduct, Gagnon and Simon lucidly argue that sexual activities, of all kinds, may be understood as the outcome of a complex psychosocial process of development. Using the social script theory, the authors trace the ways in which sexuality is learned and fitted into particular moments in the lifecycle and in different modes of behavior.Sexual Conduct is a major attempt to consider sexuality within a non-biological, social psychological framework. It is a valuable addition to the study of human sexuality, and will be of interest to students of sociology, psychology, psychiatry, social work, and medicine.

The Impact of Social Status, Family Structure, and Neighborhood on the Fertility of Black Adolescents

1985-01-01

Dennis P. Hogan , Evelyn M. Kitagawa

Black teenagers living in metropolitan areas of the United States initiate sexual intercourse at earlier ages than other teenagers and have higher rates of premarital pregnancy. Ethnographic studies of black … Black teenagers living in metropolitan areas of the United States initiate sexual intercourse at earlier ages than other teenagers and have higher rates of premarital pregnancy. Ethnographic studies of black families have claimed that economic uncertainties cause young blacks to delay marriage, while many young women achieve adulthood through premarital parenthood. It is also probable that girls who grow up in a female-headed family or who see their sisters become teenage parents are more likely to accept single-parenthood as a way to achieve adult status. These studies have suggested that ghetto neighborhoods are characterized by loosely defined and enforced norms of sexual behavior and age and sex compositions conducive to juvenile deviance. These features of ghetto life make it difficult for parents to regulate successfully their children's behaviors. As a consequence, residents of ghetto neighborhoods are expected to initiate sexual intercourse at earlier ages and to have higher rates of accidental premarital pregnancy than other teens. These hypotheses have received limited support in previous demographic research on teenage fertility. In this paper, these ethnographic explanations of the fertility behaviors of black adolescents are tested, using data from a random sample of more than 1,000 black females aged 13-19 who lived in the city of Chicago in 1979. This analysis improves on previous demographic research by both measuring the total effects of these varibles on fertility and decomposing them into components due to effects on rates of initial sexual intercourse and the probability of conception among the sexually active. A nonbiasing, continuous-time semi-Markov model is used to identify the net effects of these factors on rates of initial sexual intercourse and pregnancy.

Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among college students and youth: evaluating the evidence.

2002-03-01

M. Lynne Cooper

To evaluate the empirical associations between alcohol use and risky sex at two levels of analysis. Global associations test whether individuals who engage in one behavior are more likely to … To evaluate the empirical associations between alcohol use and risky sex at two levels of analysis. Global associations test whether individuals who engage in one behavior are more likely to engage in the other, whereas event-specific associations test whether the likelihood of engaging in one behavior on a given occasion varies as a function of engaging in the other on that same occasion.Studies examining the association between drinking and risky sex in samples of college students and youth were reviewed. Those published in the past 10 years and using event-level methodology or random sampling were emphasized.Findings were generally consistent across levels of analysis, but differed across types of risky behaviors. Drinking was strongly related to the decision to have sex and to indiscriminate forms of risky sex (e.g., having multiple or casual sex partners), but was inconsistently related to protective behaviors (e.g., condom use). Moreover, the links among alcohol use, the decision to have sex and indiscriminate behaviors were found in both between-persons and within-persons analyses, suggesting that these relationships cannot be adequately explained by stable individual differences between people who do and do not drink. Analysis of event characteristics showed that drinking was more strongly associated with decreased protective behaviors among younger individuals, on first intercourse experiences and for events that occurred on average longer ago.Future efforts aimed at reducing alcohol use in potentially sexual situations may decrease some forms of risky sex, but are less likely to affect protective behaviors directly.

View PDF Chat

Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures

2013-09-13

Chinju Davis , William L. Yarber , Robert Bauserman +2 more

Fundamental to understanding human sexual expression is reliable and valid measurement and assessment. Many instruments have been developed to measure a myriad of sexuality-related states, traits, behaviours and outcomes. Few … Fundamental to understanding human sexual expression is reliable and valid measurement and assessment. Many instruments have been developed to measure a myriad of sexuality-related states, traits, behaviours and outcomes. Few are easily accessible and the information is often limited concerning appropriate use and psychometric properties. To counter these problems, the Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures reproduces more than 200 instruments, accompanied by essential information for their use in research, educational and clinical settings. Each chapter describes the development and appropriate use of each instrument. Reliability and validity data are summarized and referenced.

View PDF Chat

Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV

1997-04-01

Martina Morris , Mirjam Kretzschmar

Objective: To examine how concurrent partnerships amplify the rate of HIV spread, using methods that can be supported by feasible data collection. Methods: A fully stochastic simulation is used to … Objective: To examine how concurrent partnerships amplify the rate of HIV spread, using methods that can be supported by feasible data collection. Methods: A fully stochastic simulation is used to represent a population of individuals, the sexual partnerships that they form and dissolve over time, and the spread of an infectious disease. Sequential monogamy is compared with various levels of concurrency, holding all other features of the infection process constant. Effective summary measures of concurrency are developed that can be estimated on the basis of simple local network data. Results: Concurrent partnerships exponentially increase the number of infected individuals and the growth rate of the epidemic during its initial phase. For example, when one-half of the partnerships in a population are concurrent, the size of the epidemic after 5 years is 10 times as large as under sequential monogamy. The primary cause of this amplification is the growth in the number of people connected in the network at any point in time: the size of the largest 'component'. Concurrency increases the size of this component, and the result is that the infectious agent is no longer trapped in a monogamous partnership after transmission occurs, but can spread immediately beyond this partnership to infect others. The summary measure of concurrency developed here does a good job in predicting the size of the amplification effect, and may therefore be a useful and practical tool for evaluation and intervention at the beginning of an epidemic. Conclusion: Concurrent partnerships may be as important as multiple partners or cofactor infections in amplifying the spread of HIV. The public health implications are that data must be collected properly to measure the levels of concurrency in a population, and that messages promoting 'one partner at a time' are as important as messages promoting fewer partners.

Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial

2006-12-01

Paul Pronyk , James Hargreaves , Julia C. Kim +5 more

Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal)

2013-11-01

Catherine H Mercer , Clare Tanton , Philip Prah +7 more

BackgroundSexual behaviour and relationships are key components of wellbeing and are affected by social norms, attitudes, and health. We present data on sexual behaviours and attitudes in Britain (England, Scotland, … BackgroundSexual behaviour and relationships are key components of wellbeing and are affected by social norms, attitudes, and health. We present data on sexual behaviours and attitudes in Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) from the three National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal).MethodsWe used a multistage, clustered, and stratified probability sample design. Within each of the 1727 sampled postcode sectors for Natsal-3, 30 or 36 addresses were randomly selected and then assigned to interviewers. To oversample individuals aged 16–34 years, we randomly allocated addresses to either the core sample (in which individuals aged 16–74 years were eligible) or the boost sample (in which only individuals aged 16–34 years were eligible). Interviewers visited all sampled addresses between Sept 6, 2010, and Aug 31, 2012, and randomly selected one eligible individual from each household to be invited to participate. Participants completed the survey in their own homes through computer-assisted face-to-face interviews and self-interview. We analysed data from this survey, weighted to account for unequal selection probabilities and non-response to correct for differences in sex, age group, and region according to 2011 Census figures. We then compared data from participants aged 16–44 years from Natsal-1 (1990–91), Natsal-2 (1999–2001), and Natsal-3.FindingsInterviews were completed with 15 162 participants (6293 men, 8869 women) from 26 274 eligible addresses (57·7%). 82·1% (95% CI 81·0–83·1%) of men and 77·7% (76·7–78·7%) of women reported at least one sexual partner of the opposite sex in the past year. The proportion generally decreased with age, as did the range of sexual practices with partners of the opposite sex, especially in women. The increased sexual activity and diversity reported in Natsal-2 in individuals aged 16–44 years when compared with Natsal-1 has generally been sustained in Natsal-3, but in men has generally not risen further. However, in women, the number of male sexual partners over the lifetime (age-adjusted odds ratio 1·18, 95% CI 1·08–1·28), proportion reporting ever having had a sexual experience with genital contact with another woman (1·69, 1·43–2·00), and proportion reporting at least one female sexual partner in the past 5 years (2·00, 1·59–2·51) increased in Natsal-3 compared with Natsal-2. While reported number of occasions of heterosexual intercourse in the past 4 weeks had reduced since Natsal-2, we recorded an expansion of heterosexual repertoires—particularly in oral and anal sex—over time. Acceptance of same-sex partnerships and intolerance of non-exclusivity in marriage increased in men and women in Natsal-3.InterpretationSexual lifestyles in Britain have changed substantially in the past 60 years, with changes in behaviour seeming greater in women than men. The continuation of sexual activity into later life—albeit reduced in range and frequency—emphasises that attention to sexual health and wellbeing is needed throughout the life course.FundingGrants from the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust, with support from the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department of Health.

View PDF Chat

Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study

2010-06-17

Rachel Jewkes , Kristin Dunkle , Mzikazi Nduna +1 more

Application of the Theory of Gender and Power to Examine HIV-Related Exposures, Risk Factors, and Effective Interventions for Women

2000-10-01

Gina M. Wingood , Ralph J. DiClemente

Developed by Robert Connell, the theory of gender and power is a social structural theory based on existing philosophical writings of sexual inequality and gender and power imbalance. According to … Developed by Robert Connell, the theory of gender and power is a social structural theory based on existing philosophical writings of sexual inequality and gender and power imbalance. According to the theory of gender and power, there are three major social structures that characterize the gendered relationships between men and women: the sexual division of labor, the sexual division of power, and the structure of cathexis. The aim of this article is to apply an extended version of the theory of gender and power to examine the exposures, social/behavioral risk factors, and biological properties that increase women's vulnerability for acquiring HIV. Subsequently, the authors review several public health level HIV interventions aimed at reducing women's HIV risk. Employing the theory of gender and power among women marshals new kinds of data, asks new and broader questions with regard to women and their risk of HIV, and, most important, creates new options for prevention.

HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa

2003-12-01

Seth C. Kalichman

Objectives: A cornerstone of HIV prevention in South Africa is voluntary HIV antibody counselling and testing (VCT), but only one in five South Africans aware of VCT have been tested. … Objectives: A cornerstone of HIV prevention in South Africa is voluntary HIV antibody counselling and testing (VCT), but only one in five South Africans aware of VCT have been tested. This study examined the relation between HIV testing history, attitudes towards testing, and AIDS stigmas. Methods: Men (n = 224) and women (n = 276) living in a black township in Cape Town completed venue intercept surveys; 98% were black, 74% age 35 or younger. Results: 47% of participants had been tested for HIV. Risks for exposure to HIV were high and comparable among people tested and not tested. Comparisons on attitudes toward VCT, controlling for demographics and survey venue, showed that individuals who had not been tested for HIV and those tested but who did not know their results held significantly more negative testing attitudes than individuals who were tested, particularly people who knew their test results. Compared to people who had been tested, individuals who were not tested for HIV demonstrated significantly greater AIDS related stigmas; ascribing greater shame, guilt, and social disapproval to people living with HIV. Knowing test results among those tested was not related to stigmatising beliefs. Conclusions: Efforts to promote VCT in South Africa require education about the benefits of testing and, perhaps more important, reductions in stigmatising attitudes towards people living with AIDS. Structural and social marketing interventions that aim to reduce AIDS stigmas will probably decrease resistance to seeking VCT.

View PDF Chat

Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a large population based retrospective cohort study

2007-01-08

X.-K. Chen , Shi Wu Wen , Nathalie Fleming +3 more

Background Whether the association between teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes could be explained by deleterious social environment, inadequate prenatal care, or biological immaturity remains controversial. The objective of this … Background Whether the association between teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes could be explained by deleterious social environment, inadequate prenatal care, or biological immaturity remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine whether teenage pregnancy is associated with increased adverse birth outcomes independent of known confounding factors. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 3 886 364 nulliparous pregnant women <25 years of age with a live singleton birth during 1995 and 2000 in the United States. Results All teenage groups were associated with increased risks for pre-term delivery, low birth weight and neonatal mortality. Infants born to teenage mothers aged 17 or younger had a higher risk for low Apgar score at 5 min. Further adjustment for weight gain during pregnancy did not change the observed association. Restricting the analysis to white married mothers with age-appropriate education level, adequate prenatal care, without smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy yielded similar results. Conclusions Teenage pregnancy increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes that is independent of important known confounders. This finding challenges the accepted opinion that adverse birth outcome associated with teenage pregnancy is attributable to low socioeconomic status, inadequate prenatal care and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy.

Towards an Understanding of Risk Behavior: An AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM)

1990-03-01

Joseph A. Catania , Susan M. Kegeles , Thomas J. Coates

This report presents a three-stage model (ARRM) that characterize people's efforts to change sexual behaviors related to HIV transmission. ARRM focuses on social and psychological factors hypothesized to influence (1) … This report presents a three-stage model (ARRM) that characterize people's efforts to change sexual behaviors related to HIV transmission. ARRM focuses on social and psychological factors hypothesized to influence (1) labeling of high risk behaviors as problematic, (2) making a commitment to changing high risk behaviors, and (3) seeking and enacting solutions directed at reducing high risk activities. The proposed model integrates important concepts from prior behavioral medicine and human sexuality stud ies, specifies their differential import to achieving the goals associated with each stage of the model, and denotes factors hypothesized to influence people's motivation to con tinue the change process over time. Current findings are discussed within this three-stage model and directions for further research are suggested. Recent findings from our ongoing studies of gays and heterosexuals in San Francisco are presented.

Structural approaches to HIV prevention

2008-08-01

Geeta Rao Gupta , Justin Parkhurst , Jessica Ogden +2 more

The health and health system of South Africa: historical roots of current public health challenges

2009-08-26

Hoosen Coovadia , Rachel Jewkes , Peter Barron +2 more

Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better

2008-08-01

Thomas J. Coates , Linda Richter , Carlos F. Cacéres

View PDF Chat

Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks

2004-07-01

Peter Bearman , James Moody , Katherine Stovel

This article describes the structure of the adolescent romantic and sexual network in a population of over 800 adolescents residing in a midsized town in the midwestern United States. Precise … This article describes the structure of the adolescent romantic and sexual network in a population of over 800 adolescents residing in a midsized town in the midwestern United States. Precise images and measures of network structure are derived from reports of relationships that occurred over a period of 18 months between 1993 and 1995. The study offers a comparison of the structural characteristics of the observed network to simulated networks conditioned on the distribution of ties; the observed structure reveals networks characterized by longer contact chains and fewer cycles than expected. This article identifies the micromechanisms that generate networks with structural features similar to the observed network. Implications for disease transmission dynamics and social policy are explored.

View PDF Chat

Abstinence and Safer Sex HIV Risk-Reduction Interventions for African American Adolescents

1998-05-20

John B. Jemmott , Loretta Sweet Jemmott , Geoffrey T. Fong

Context.—African American adolescents are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but which behavioral interventions to reduce risk are most effective and who should … Context.—African American adolescents are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but which behavioral interventions to reduce risk are most effective and who should conduct them is not known.Objective.—To evaluate the effects of abstinence and safer-sex HIV risk-reduction interventions on young inner-city African American adolescents' HIV sexual risk behaviors when implemented by adult facilitators as compared with peer cofacilitators.Design.—Randomized controlled trial with 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Setting.—Three middle schools serving low-income African American communities in Philadelphia, Pa.Participants.—A total of 659 African American adolescents recruited for a Saturday program.Interventions.—Based on cognitive-behavioral theories and elicitation research, interventions involved 8 1-hour modules implemented by adult facilitators or peer cofacilitators. Abstinence intervention stressed delaying sexual intercourse or reducing its frequency; safer-sex intervention stressed condom use; control intervention concerned health issues unrelated to sexual behavior.Main Outcome Measures.—Self-reported sexual intercourse, condom use, and unprotected sexual intercourse.Results.—Mean age of the enrollees was 11.8 years; 53% were female and 92.6% were still enrolled at 12 months. Abstinence intervention participants were less likely to report having sexual intercourse in the 3 months after intervention than were control group participants (12.5% vs 21.5%, P=.02), but not at 6- or 12-month follow-up (17.2% vs 22.7%, P=.14; 20.0% vs 23.1%, P=.42, respectively). Safer-sex intervention participants reported significantly more consistent condom use than did control group participants at 3 months (odds ratio [OR]=3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-9.16) and higher frequency of condom use at all follow-ups. Among adolescents who reported sexual experience at baseline, the safer-sex intervention group reported less sexual intercourse in the previous 3 months at 6- and 12-month follow-up than did control and abstinence intervention (adjusted mean days over prior 3 months, 1.34 vs 3.77 and 3.03, respectively; P≤.01 at 12-month follow-up) and less unprotected intercourse at all follow-ups than did control group (adjusted mean days, 0.04 vs 1.85, respectively, P<.001, at 12-month follow-up). There were no differences in intervention effects with adult facilitators as compared with peer cofacilitators.Conclusion.—Both abstinence and safer-sex interventions can reduce HIV sexual risk behaviors, but safer-sex interventions may be especially effective with sexually experienced adolescents and may have longer-lasting effects.

Efficacy of Risk-Reduction Counseling to Prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1998-10-07

Mary L. Kamb , Martin Fishbein , Jacinta Douglas +7 more

The efficacy of counseling to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has not been definitively shown.To compare the effects of 2 interactive … The efficacy of counseling to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has not been definitively shown.To compare the effects of 2 interactive HIV/STD counseling interventions with didactic prevention messages typical of current practice.Multicenter randomized controlled trial (Project RESPECT), with participants assigned to 1 of 3 individual face-to-face interventions.Five public STD clinics (Baltimore, Md; Denver, Colo; Long Beach, Calif; Newark, NJ; and San Francisco, Calif) between July 1993 and September 1996.A total of 5758 heterosexual, HIV-negative patients aged 14 years or older who came for STD examinations.Arm 1 received enhanced counseling, 4 interactive theory-based sessions. Arm 2 received brief counseling, 2 interactive risk-reduction sessions. Arms 3 and 4 each received 2 brief didactic messages typical of current care. Arms 1, 2, and 3 were actively followed up after enrollment with questionnaires at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and STD tests at 6 and 12 months. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare interventions.Self-reported condom use and new diagnoses of STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV) defined by laboratory tests.At the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits, self-reported 100% condom use was higher (P<.05) in both the enhanced counseling and brief counseling arms compared with participants in the didactic messages arm. Through the 6-month interval, 30% fewer participants had new STDs in both the enhanced counseling (7.2%; P= .002) and brief counseling (7.3%; P= .005) arms compared with those in the didactic messages arm (10.4%). Through the 12-month study, 20% fewer participants in each counseling intervention had new STDs compared with those in the didactic messages arm (P = .008). Consistently at each of the 5 study sites, STD incidence was lower in the counseling intervention arms than in the didactic messages intervention arm. Reduction of STD was similar for men and women and greater for adolescents and persons with an STD diagnosed at enrollment.Short counseling interventions using personalized risk reduction plans can increase condom use and prevent new STDs. Effective counseling can be conducted even in busy public clinics.

Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective

2006-11-01

Kaye Wellings , Martine Collumbien , Emma Slaymaker +4 more

Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data

2009-09-01

George Patton , Carolyn Coffey , Susan M. Sawyer +6 more

Adolescent Self-assessment of Sexual Maturation

1982-08-01

Lawrence S. Neinstein

The variability in time on onset and progression of puberty warrants the use of stage of sexual maturation rather than chronologic age in assessing biological and behavioral measures during adolescence. … The variability in time on onset and progression of puberty warrants the use of stage of sexual maturation rather than chronologic age in assessing biological and behavioral measures during adolescence. The necessity to undress the teenage has seriously curtailed the application of stage of sexual maturation to behavioral and developmental research. This study demonstrated that adolescents can accurately assess their own developmental stage according to Tanner's standard photographs. Self-ratings by 43 females, aged 9 to 17, and 23 males, 11 to 18, were compared to those based on physical examination by one of the investigators. Agreement with the physician rating occurred for breast stage in 37/43, for female pubic hair stage in 40/43, and for male combined pubic hair and genital stage in 21/23 (kappa coefficients: 0.81, 0.91, 0.88). The excellent agreement between physician and adolescent's assessment compared favorably with the interrater agreement of professionals. This study suggests the value of utilizing adolescent self-staging in research. In addition, this exercise provides teenagers with an objective way to understand the wide range of normal pubertal development and to follow their own sexual maturation.

The Hidden Epidemic

1997-03-28

Institute of Medicine

The United States has the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in overall rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with 12 million new cases annually. About 3 million teenagers … The United States has the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in overall rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with 12 million new cases annually. About 3 million teenagers contract an STD each year, and many will have long-term health problems as result. Women and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these diseases and their health consequences. In addition, STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission. The Hidden Epidemic examines the scope of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provides critical assessment of the nation's response to this public health crisis. The book identifies the components of an effective national STD prevention and control strategy and provides direction for an appropriate response to the epidemic. Recommendations for improving public awareness and education, reaching women and adolescents, integrating public health programs, training health care professionals, modifying messages from the mass media, and supporting future research are included. The book documents the epidemiological dimensions and the economic and social costs of STDs, describing them as a secret epidemic with tremendous consequences. The committee frankly discusses the confusing and often hypocritical nature of how Americans deal with issues regarding sexuality--the conflicting messages conveyed in the mass media, the reluctance to promote condom use, the controversy over sex education for teenagers, and the issue of personal blame. The Hidden Epidemic identifies key elements of effective, culturally appropriate programs to promote healthy behavior by adolescents and adults. It examines the problem of fragmentation in STD services and provides examples of communities that have formed partnerships between stakeholders to develop integrated approaches. The committee's recommendations provide practical foundation on which to build an integrated national program to help young people and adults develop habits of healthy sexuality. The Hidden Epidemic was written for both health care professionals and people without medical background and will be indispensable to anyone concerned about preventing and controlling STDs.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2017

2018-06-14

Laura Kann , Tim McManus , William A. Harris +7 more

Health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults in the United States. In addition, significant health disparities exist among demographic subgroups of youth … Health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults in the United States. In addition, significant health disparities exist among demographic subgroups of youth defined by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade in school and between sexual minority and nonsexual minority youth. Population-based data on the most important health-related behaviors at the national, state, and local levels can be used to help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to protect and promote the health of youth at the national, state, and local levels.

View PDF Chat

The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior

2014-04-04

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

1948-11-01

Abraham Stone , Alfred C. Kinsey , Wardell B. Pomeroy +1 more

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). Project update.

1999-01-01

This article presents a project update on the joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The UNAIDS program is a coordination of national efforts to strengthen responses to HIV/AIDS as a … This article presents a project update on the joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The UNAIDS program is a coordination of national efforts to strengthen responses to HIV/AIDS as a support to the ministries of health. Member agencies have provided assistance and continue to assist HIV/AIDS related activities in the Pacific Island countries. These agencies consist of the WHO, UN Population Fund, UN International Children's Emergency Fund, UN Education, Science and Culture Organisation, UN Development Programme, and the UN Drug Control Programme. Highlighted HIV/AIDS-related activities being undertaken include the following: the implementation of a program to strengthen sexually transmitted infections services; launching of a pilot peer education training program in Australia; the establishment of a behavioral research working group; commitment of financial supports; and development of national youth policies which include issues related to HIV/AIDS.

AIDS : cultural analysis, cultural activism

1988-01-01

Douglas Crimp , Leo Bersani

The literature on AIDS has attempted to teach us the facts about this new disease or to provide a narrative account of scientific discovery and developing public health policy. But … The literature on AIDS has attempted to teach us the facts about this new disease or to provide a narrative account of scientific discovery and developing public health policy. But AIDS has precipitated a crisis that is not primarily medical, or even social and political; AIDS has precipitated a crisis of signification the of AIDS is hotly contested in all of the discourses that conceptualize it and seek to respond to it. AIDS: Cultural Analysis/Cultural Activism is the first book on the subject that takes this battle over meaning as its premise. Contributors Leo Bersani, author of The Freudian Body; Simon Watney, who serves on the board of the Health Education Committee of London's Terrence Higgens Trust; Jan Zita Grover, medical editor at San Francisco General Hospital; Suki Ports, former executive director of the New York City Minority Task Force on AIDS; and Sander Gilman, author of Difference and Pathology. Also included are essays by Paula A. Treichler, who teaches in the Medical School and in communications at the University of Illinois; Carol Leigh, a member of COYOTE and contributor to Sex Work; and Max Navarre, editor of the People With AIDS Coalition monthly Newsline. In addition to these essays, the book contains a portfolio of manifestos, articles, letters, and photographs from the publications of the PWA Coalition, an interview with three members of the AIDS discrimination unit of the New York City Commission on Human Rights; and presentations for the independent video documentaries on AIDS, Testing the Limits and Bright Eyes. An October Book.

AIDS Education and Prevention

2004-05-20

市川誠一

The New Gay Teenager

2005-12-31

Ritch C. Savin‐Williams

In this down-to-earth book, filled with the voices of young people speaking for themselves, Savin-Williams argues that the standard image of gay youth presented by mental health researchers—as depressed, isolated, … In this down-to-earth book, filled with the voices of young people speaking for themselves, Savin-Williams argues that the standard image of gay youth presented by mental health researchers—as depressed, isolated, drug-dependent, even suicidal—may have been exaggerated even twenty years ago, and is far from accurate today.

Factors Associated with Use of Protective Barriers Against HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections During Sexual Behavior in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adults from Argentina

2025-06-24

Pablo D. Radusky , Romina Caballero , Virginia Zalazar +5 more | AIDS and Behavior

Access and utilization of youth friendly sexual and reproductive health services among illiterate adolescents in Rwanda: A mixed-methods participatory study

2025-06-24

Madeleine Mukeshimana , Aimable Nkurunziza , Gerard Nyiringango +7 more | PLoS ONE

Background Youth Friendly Health Services Centers (YFHS) in Rwanda have been established to address the lack of information and services related to reproductive health. However, there is a paucity of … Background Youth Friendly Health Services Centers (YFHS) in Rwanda have been established to address the lack of information and services related to reproductive health. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the hurdles faced by illiterate adolescents when seeking sexual and reproductive health services. This study assessed adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) accessibility and utilization in YFHS among illiterate adolescents in Rwanda. Methods This study used a mixed-method participatory study design. One hundred fifty illiterate adolescents were recruited using a convenience sampling. A checklist was used to observe the 16 YFHS. In the quantitative phase, data were organized using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Two focus group discussions moderated by trained illiterate adolescents were conducted. Data were organized using Dedoose software and analyzed thematically. Results The proportion of YFHS utilization was 25.3%. In the multivariate regression analysis, five outcomes remained significant to utilize YFHS: ever heard about YFHS (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 6.32; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.07–19.27, having ASRH information (AOR = 8.99; 95 CI = 1.43–56.77), having information about any family planning (AOR = 19.00; 95 CI = 1.52–236.84), use of any type of contraceptives (AOR = 4.45; 95%CI = 1.34–14.85), and having information on prevention and management (AOR = 24.99; 95 CI = 2.76–226.53). Observers rated the quality of SRHs in YFHS at 24.36%. Facilitators to access YFHS include having information about ASRH, free-of-charge services, and peer educators. The reported barriers included providers’ negative attitudes, internalized stigma, and lack of materials tailored to illiterate adolescents. The study participants suggested ways to improve the YFHS, such as community awareness, staff training, entertainment, and increasing the number of YFHS. Conclusions The utilization of YFHS among illiterate adolescents remains low, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve access and quality. Key facilitators, such as access to information, peer education, and free services, should be strengthened, while addressing barriers like provider attitudes, stigma, and resource limitations. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing both the accessibility and quality of YFHS to ensure comprehensive reproductive health care for illiterate adolescents.

Impact of layered behavioral, socio-economic and school-based interventions on selected behavioral and biomarker indicators among adolescent girls and young women in Uganda

2025-06-24

Joseph K. B. Matovu , John Baptist Bwanika , Irene Murungi +4 more | PLOS Global Public Health

Globally, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) continue to be at an elevated risk of HIV infection. We assessed the impact of layered behavioral, socio-economic and school-based interventions on selected … Globally, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) continue to be at an elevated risk of HIV infection. We assessed the impact of layered behavioral, socio-economic and school-based interventions on selected behavioral and biomarker indicators among AGYW in Uganda. We used data from two serial cross-sectional surveys conducted in 14 (eight intervention and six comparison) districts in 2018 ( n = 8,236) and 2023 ( n = 5,449). Between 2019 and 2023, AGYW in the intervention districts received social and behavioral change communication plus either socio-economic support, vocational skills-based training or educational subsidies, as appropriate. AGYW in the comparison districts were not exposed to these interventions. We collected data on eight behavioral and two biomarker (HIV, syphilis) indicators. Exposure to AGYW interventions was defined as participation in or receipt of at least one intervention and expressed as a percentage. Impact was determined using a difference-in-difference approach with the observed net effect assumed to represent the overall impact of the interventions. We compared the effect of the interventions between exposed and unexposed AGYW and between intervention and non-intervention districts or schools. Data were analyzed using STATA, version 16.0. Half of the AGYW were in school while 50–70% were single/never married. Overall exposure to AGYW interventions was low; ranging from 4.4% to 43% depending on the type of intervention. Exposure to the interventions had a small net effect (0.7% to 14%) on almost all behavioral indicators and HIV prevalence was much higher among exposed than unexposed AGYW (1.56% vs. 0.94%). Syphilis prevalence was much lower among exposed than unexposed AGYW (0.26% vs. 0.82%) with an overall marginal net decline of 1.0% in the intervention versus non-intervention districts or schools. These findings suggest a need for a critical re-appraisal of the design and implementation of interventions targeting AGYW in order to achieve the desired changes in behavioral and biomarker indicators.

Promoting Teen Pregnancy Prevention: An Analysis of Social Media Content Strategy Over Five Years

2025-06-24

Erin Ash , Emma Cox , Yiwei Xu +1 more | Health Communication

Although rates in the United States have declined significantly since the 1990s, the U.S. continues to have among the highest teen birth rates in the developed world, and recent policy … Although rates in the United States have declined significantly since the 1990s, the U.S. continues to have among the highest teen birth rates in the developed world, and recent policy changes in the U.S. warrant increased attention to pregnancy prevention efforts. This research employed a computational approach to analyze social media messages about a pregnancy prevention campaign with focus on analyzing responsibility attribution and frames that might lead to potential stigmatization. Original posts from the Power to Decide campaign's Twitter account posted from 2017 to 2022 (N = 7,770) were analyzed. Automated topic modeling identified five topics extracted from the data: access, encouraging conversations, pregnancy prevention programs, voter voice, and barriers. A subsequent thematic analysis was conducted to uncover sub-themes that provide insight into each topic. Results revealed an emphasis on social responsibility in the organization's social media messaging, reflecting the multiple stakeholders the organization targets in its social media messaging, which are not limited to the at-risk population (i.e. teens), and to whom structural solutions to teen pregnancy prevention can be promoted.

The need for sex education: evidence from adolescent education programme of India

2025-06-23

Karan Babbar , Pritha Dev | Journal of Population Research

Understanding Premarital Sexual Behavior: A Qualitative Case Study among Male and Female College Students

2025-06-23

Anis Luthfiyah , Elli Nur Hayati | Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology

Young individuals frequently engage in intimate relationships, specifically premarital sex, which is categorized as unsafe sexual behavior. Numerous studies have highlighted the premarital sexual behavior of females, who face greater … Young individuals frequently engage in intimate relationships, specifically premarital sex, which is categorized as unsafe sexual behavior. Numerous studies have highlighted the premarital sexual behavior of females, who face greater risks compared to their male counterparts. Understanding how gender differences influence this behavior is crucial for developing targeted strategies to mitigate the potential negative consequences among young people. A qualitative case study was conducted to examine the premarital sexual behavior of students in Province X and to identify the factors influencing it. Six participants—three male and three female students—were selected through purposive snowball sampling. After providing consent for private interviews, qualitative in-depth discussions were carried out. The results from thematic analysis revealed eleven key themes related to their premarital sexual behavior and six themes associated with influencing factors. Males reported engaging in their first sexual intercourse at an earlier age during adolescence, while females tended to do so slightly later, in early adulthood. Notably, males expressed feelings of guilty pleasure regarding their premarital sexual activities, whereas females shared unpleasant experiences stemming from a lack of assertiveness in declining sexual advances from their partners. They also reported facing judgmental attitudes from healthcare workers during medical checkups. Similarities found included having multiple sexual partners, neglecting reproductive health, and feeling a disconnection from their religious beliefs. The implications of the study are discussed further.

The Impact of Premarital Sexual Abstinence on Sexual Experiences Post-Marriage: A Qualitative Review Among African-American Couples

2025-06-23

Emily McKnight , Jailyn Jasso-González , Antoinette M. Landor | Archives of Sexual Behavior

Prevalence Of Unintended Pregnancy Among Female Adolescents In Anambra State: Its Risk And Protective Factors

2025-06-22

Christian Okechukwu Aleke , Patrick Eni Eluu , Michael Okereke Olom +7 more | International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences

Pregnancy is usually a God blessings and welcome development when it occurs at the appropriate time during wedlock and among couples in marriage. On the contrary, it may trigger a … Pregnancy is usually a God blessings and welcome development when it occurs at the appropriate time during wedlock and among couples in marriage. On the contrary, it may trigger a serious health, social and economic consequences if it occurs unintended, outside of wedlock or during the adolescent’s secondary schools. The study explored prevalence of unintended pregnancy among female adolescents in Anambra State: Its Risk and Protective Factors. This was cross-sectional quantitative survey research design conducted among 240 female adolescents/adults in Anambra state. A semi structured questionnaire using purposive/ convenience sampling was the instrument and sampling method used for data collection. The analysis of data was done using mean (x) and standard deviation to answer the research questions, and t-test statistics to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results shows that the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 12.0%. Poverty level (3.70), Pressure from peers to have sex” (3.60), Poor parental supervision (2.09) were the risk factors. The protective factors amongst others were that parents should be educated through seminars on the importance of discussing sexuality and the dangers of premarital sex with their children especially the females (98.3%). The findings underscore the need for proper education and parental intervention of the female adolescents and as well increased awareness on the use of contraceptive, so as to bridge the large gap of unmet need.

Prevalence and factors associated with mental health challenges among adolescents with HIV and viral non-suppression in rural northern Uganda

2025-06-20

Jeremiah Mutinye Kwesiga , Justine Diana Namuli , Benedict Akimana +6 more | Frontiers in Public Health

Introduction Adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) face significant mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which negatively impact their HIV treatment outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence and factors … Introduction Adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) face significant mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which negatively impact their HIV treatment outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with mental health challenges among adolescents with unsuppressed viral loads in Northern Uganda. Methods In 2021, 121 dyads of caregivers and ALWH (10 to 18 years) with unsuppressed viral loads were recruited from five community-based HIV clinics in Kitgum district. They were assessed for mental health challenges using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25), the Patterson Suicide Risk Assessment Tool and the Clinician-administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA). Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data was carried out using STATA version 18. Results Emotional problems were observed in 61.97% of participants. Among these, depression was present in 45.45% of individuals, and all participants diagnosed with depression also exhibited significant comorbid anxiety symptoms. Notably, 16.52% of participants experienced anxiety without comorbid depression. Having food security (OR = 0.03; p = 0.003), and the absence of recurrent infections (OR = 0.47; p = 0.023) were protective against mental health challenges. However, significant post-traumatic stress symptoms were independently associated with mental health challenges (OR = 1.33; p &lt; 0.0001). No significant association was observed between emotional problems and gender (χ 2 = 0.009; p = 0.94). Conclusion These results emphasize the importance of addressing underlying socio-economic and psychological factors to improve mental health well-being. Targeted interventions focused on reducing barriers to resources and providing mental health support are essential for fostering equitable mental health outcomes.

The role of social networks in motivating access and use of contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women living in resource-constrained settings in Cape Town, South Africa

2025-06-20

Tsidiso Tolla , Kate Bergh , Zoe Duby +3 more | Reproductive Health

This study explores the role of social networks consisting of parents, romantic and sexual partners and community members related to contraceptive access and use among adolescent girls and young women … This study explores the role of social networks consisting of parents, romantic and sexual partners and community members related to contraceptive access and use among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living in resource-constrained settings in Cape Town, South Africa METHODS: Data were collected through telephonic individual interviews, using a semi-structured interview schedule, with 63 AGYW aged 15-24 years old. All data were transcribed, translated, coded and analysed thematically using NVivo software. AGYW self-reported that their motivations to access and use contraceptives correctly and consistently were shaped by intersecting networks of parents (specifically mothers), peers, male romantic and sexual partners, and community members. Parents and male romantic and sexual partners either discouraged or encouraged contraceptive use. The support received from parents was described as both direct and indirect. Direct support was active encouragement of contraceptive use, and indirect support was when parents did not challenge AGYW's use of contraceptives. AGYW also reported on parents who directly discouraged contraceptive use, resulting in AGYW hiding their use of contraceptives. As with parents, support from male romantic and sexual partners was not homogeneous, with some partners being supportive of contraceptive use and some not. There were AGYW who considered their partner's support as central to motivating their use of contraceptives and used strategies to convince their partners to understand the importance of using contraceptives. Conversely, some AGYW were indifferent to the support of their partners, holding the view that using contraceptives is a decision that should be made by the young woman themself. Attitudes from community members were reported to be largely discouraging. AGYW's interpersonal networks play a major role in shaping their attitudes, motivating or demotivating their use of, and access to contraception services. Social networks need to be taken into consideration when designing policies, interventions and programmes to promote contraception services among AGYW.

Always ‘one atom away’: The long, rocky journey to an HIV prevention breakthrough

2025-06-20

| AAAS Articles DO Group

Causes of Pathological Vaginal Discharge and Impacts on Adolescent Reproductive Health

2025-06-20

Salina Salina , Andi Arlina , Dian Purnamasari | Advances in Healthcare Research

Purpose: This study aims to identify and analyze in depth various factors causing pathological vaginal discharge in adolescent girls and evaluate its implications for reproductive health. The primary focus is … Purpose: This study aims to identify and analyze in depth various factors causing pathological vaginal discharge in adolescent girls and evaluate its implications for reproductive health. The primary focus is on the interaction between biological aspects, personal hygiene behavior, social and cultural constructs, and access to health information and services. Research Method: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing a systematic literature review of national and international scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis is conducted thematically to group the causal factors and analyze their interrelationships based on reliable academic references. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that pathological vaginal discharge in adolescents is caused by a combination of hormonal changes, vaginal microflora imbalance, and poor hygiene practices, such as wearing tight pants and improper cleaning of the genital area. Cultural norms that taboo discussions about reproductive health further exacerbate delays in treatment. The lack of formal sexual education and access to youth-friendly health services are significant barriers to the prevention and management of vaginal discharge. Implications: This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic, intersectoral, and sustainable educational approach. Single interventions are insufficient to address this issue. Recommendations are directed toward integrating reproductive education into school curricula and providing inclusive and accessible adolescent health services.

Young men’s experiences of violence and poverty and the relationship to sexually transmissible HIV: a cross sectional study from rural South Africa

2025-06-20

Andrew Gibbs , Esnat Chirwa , Guy Harling +7 more | JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Young men are inadequately engaged in HIV prevention and treatment globally, including in South Africa, increasing the likelihood of them having sexually transmissible HIV (i.e. living with HIV but … Background: Young men are inadequately engaged in HIV prevention and treatment globally, including in South Africa, increasing the likelihood of them having sexually transmissible HIV (i.e. living with HIV but with high viral loads). We sought to understand how men’s experiences of poverty and violence, impacted on transmissible HIV, directly or indirectly via mental health and substance misuse. Setting: Rural communities in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based sample (September 2018-June 2019), assessing transmissible HIV (living with HIV and viral load ≥400 copies/mL, compared to individuals either not living with HIV, or living with HIV and viral load <400 copies/mL) via dried blood spots, and socio-demographic data. Structural equation models (SEM), assessed direct and indirect pathways from food insecurity and violence experience to transmissible-HIV, with mediators common mental disorders, alcohol use, gender inequitable attitudes and perceptions of low life chances. Results: 2,086 (ages 13-35 years) men and 8.6%(n=178) men had transmissible HIV. There was no direct pathway from food insecurity, or violence experience, to transmissible HIV. Low perceptions of life chances mediated the relationship between food insecurity and transmissible HIV. Additionally increased poor mental health, via increased alcohol use, also mediated these relationships. Conclusions: Transmissible HIV was common among young men. The analysis highlights the need to address the proximate ‘drivers’ of low perceptions of life chances and substance misuse, and men’s experiences of poverty and violence. Building multicomponent interventions that engage these multiple challenges is critical for improving HIV among young men.

HIV Prevalence, Virological Suppression, and Consistent Condom Use among Social Venue-Going Men in Zimbabwe: Insights from the 2022 Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) Surveys

2025-06-20

Galven Maringwa , Sungai T. Chabata , Fortunate Machingura +7 more | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Abstract Introduction Men attending social venues face barriers to accessing HIV prevention and care services. These venues—such as bars, guesthouses, nightclubs, and transport hubs—facilitate new sexual partnerships but lack cohesive … Abstract Introduction Men attending social venues face barriers to accessing HIV prevention and care services. These venues—such as bars, guesthouses, nightclubs, and transport hubs—facilitate new sexual partnerships but lack cohesive social networks, making it challenging to design and implement effective HIV prevention strategies. Men who attend social venues are more likely to pay for sex, potentially increasing their risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. However, data on how HIV-related behaviours and service engagement differ between men who do and do not pay for sex among those attending venues remain limited. This study examines whether men who pay for sex have higher rates of HIV prevalence, lower rates of virological suppression, and poor HIV-prevention-related behaviours compared to those who do not. Methods Using the Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) methodology, we collected cross-sectional data from April to December 2022 across 190 venues in four cities and towns in Zimbabwe. Participants underwent finger-prick HIV testing; those testing positive provided dried blood spots (DBS) for viral load measurement. We also collected sexual behaviour data, including condom use. We applied survey weights and used weighted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to investigate factors associated with HIV status, virological suppression, and condom use among venue-going men, treating paying for sex as the primary exposure variable. All reported percentages are weighted. Results Among venue-going 2,827 men, 984 (40.1%) reported paying for sex in the past 12 months, and 531 (15.1%) reported consistent condom use in the past month. Overall, HIV prevalence was 10.7%. Among men living with HIV, virological suppression was 67.9%. In adjusted analyses, there were no significant associations between paying for sex and HIV status (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.52–1.55), self-reported consistent condom use in the past month (aPR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57–1.34), or rates of virological suppression among men living with HIV (aPR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.75–1.42) Conclusion Findings indicate substantial HIV risk and suboptimal prevention and treatment engagement among men frequenting social venues, irrespective of paying for sex. Therefore, targeted interventions are needed for both paying and non-paying men.

Systemic perspectives on love in South Africa through the lens of Bronfenbrenner's theory

2025-06-20

Claude–Hélène Mayer | International Journal of Intercultural Relations

What contributes to pregnancy intendedness? Insights from the Dutch BluePrInt study using a conceptual hierarchical model

2025-06-20

Wieke Y. Beumer , Tessa J. Roseboom , Jenneke van Ditzhuijzen | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Background. Pregnancy intentions are shaped by interrelated factors across individual, relational and societal contexts. This study employs a Conceptual Hierarchical Model (CHM) to examine pregnancy intentions among womxn and their … Background. Pregnancy intentions are shaped by interrelated factors across individual, relational and societal contexts. This study employs a Conceptual Hierarchical Model (CHM) to examine pregnancy intentions among womxn and their partners. Methods. Data were drawn from baseline measurements of the Dutch prospective BluePrInt study on unintended pregnancy. It included 911 participants (womxn and partners) who recently experienced an unexpected pregnancy, which they aborted or continued. Pregnancy intentions were assessed using the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. Key variables included sociodemographics, social support, partner relationship, interpersonal violence, and mental health. A CHM guided multiple regression analyses, with additional analysis of sex differences. Results. Findings indicated that educational attainment and social support were indirectly associated with pregnancy intendedness, while age, religiosity, cohabitation, and life satisfaction showed direct associations, with no evidence of a moderating effect of sex. Conclusions. People who perceive their context as suitable for raising a child, who feel supported, and who have greater personal capacity to parent, perceive their initially unexpected pregnancy as more intended. Policies should promote social and relational stability universally, rather than targeting those experiencing unintended pregnancies. Reproductive counseling should address ambivalence and broader personal circumstances.

“Effectiveness of Sexual Health Education Interventions Addressing Sexual Violence and Sexual Safety for Adolescents: A Systematic Review Protocol”

2025-06-20

Margaret Noonan , Patrick Cotter , Josephine Hegarty +2 more | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Abstract Background Sexual health education interventions should provide adolescents with the knowledge and skills to assist them to navigate and develop safe and healthy relationships allowing them to positively transition … Abstract Background Sexual health education interventions should provide adolescents with the knowledge and skills to assist them to navigate and develop safe and healthy relationships allowing them to positively transition from adolescence to adulthood. However, many sexual health education interventions omit addressing sexual violence and sexual safety. Of the interventions that do address sexual violence and sexual safety many are poorly or not at all evaluated. This paper details a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review to critically appraise the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual health interventions that address sexual violence and sexual safety for adolescents. Methods A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines will be undertaken. A search of the following databases will be conducted: CINAHL, PSYCHINFO, ERIC, EMBASE, PubMed, JSTOR, Scopus, PyscArticles, Soc Index with Full Text, Humanities Full Text (H. W. Wilson) and the British Education Index. Citations will be evaluated against predefined eligibility criteria using a two-stage screening process which will be conducted independently in pairs. Data will be extracted from eligible papers using pilot-tested data extraction forms focusing on measurements of effectiveness of the intervention and the impact of the intervention. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The Template for intervention and description (TIDieR) ) framework will be utilised to describe the included interventions. Discussion This study will describe sexual health education interventions that address sexual violence and sexual safety for adolescents and their efficacy. The evidence will help inform future planning for sexual health education interventions which address sexual violence and/or safety. OSF Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YP2XQ

Understanding sexual and reproductive health need of unmarried adolescents and youth in urban slums: evidence from a formative study in Uttar Pradesh, India

2025-06-19

H Sahni , Mukesh Kumar Sharma , Basant Kumar Panda +6 more | Reproductive Health

Despite the intentional focus of national programs and strategies in last decade, unmarried adolescents and youth (AY) face multiple challenges related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, and access … Despite the intentional focus of national programs and strategies in last decade, unmarried adolescents and youth (AY) face multiple challenges related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, and access to health and counseling services. With massive urbanization and growing slum and more focus on married youth, the situation and need of unmarried AY are often overlooked. The present study explores the SRH need of AY to gain a holistic understanding of the SRH landscape in the context of slums of Uttar Pradesh, India. A formative qualitative study was conducted in the slums of two cities in Uttar Pradesh using qualitative research techniques-in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with unmarried adolescents and youths aged 15-24 years. Thematic analysis was guided by principles of grounded theory and narrative inquiry, both inductive and deductive approaches. The study found limited awareness of SRH issues and often inaccurate knowledge of modern contraceptives among the unmarried youth.Gendered access to SRH information emerged clearly, with boys benefitting from wider peer network, while girls relied on familial networks. Lack of social networks and support, communication gap, and limited reach of health providers have majorly contributed to misinformation and misconceptions. Information through social media and online sources served as a key source of SRH knowledge among adolescents and unmarried youth, but concerns remained about the accuracy and reliability of the information accessed. Structural constraints such as stigma, mobility restrictions, and provider bias further marginalized unmarried youth-especially girls-from accessing reliable SRH services. The study highlighted demand for SRH knowledge, source of knowledge, major concerns, and opportunities of AY in urban slums. A clear need for multi-faceted strategies targeting sexual health education, adolescent-responsive SRH services, and expanded digital outreach with verified content for this vulnerable populations are identified. However, targeted intervention through system level approaches for AY can be helpful for dispelling myths and providing accurate information.

Correction to: Known limitations and shared prioritization of sexual wellbeing: Response to Letter to the Editor

2025-06-19

| The Journal of Sexual Medicine

Inconsistent Condom Use and Its Associations Among Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2025-06-19

Bahram Armoon , Mark D. Griffiths , Rasool Mohammadi +1 more | Sexuality Research and Social Policy

Sexual debut and time to first birth among women in Uganda.

2025-06-18

Paulino Ariho , Japheth Kwiringira , Fred Maniragaba +2 more | Langaa RPCIG eBooks

Prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years in Atutur sub-county, Kumi district, Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study

2025-06-18

Michael Akol , Ronald Opito , Bonniface Oryokot +7 more | Reproductive Health

Adolescent engagement and sentiment toward reproductive-health videos on Chinese social media: a cross-sectional content analysis

2025-06-18

Ruochen Huang , Zixuan Zhou , Yifan Xu +6 more | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Abstract Background Adolescent reproductive health information is increasingly sought on social-media platforms, yet the scope, credibility, and emotional reception of such content remain unclear in China. This study examined how … Abstract Background Adolescent reproductive health information is increasingly sought on social-media platforms, yet the scope, credibility, and emotional reception of such content remain unclear in China. This study examined how adolescents engage with reproductive-health videos on Bilibili, a video-sharing site with about 341 million monthly users, most of whom are 24 years old or younger, to identify information gaps and factors shaping online discourse. Methods Using an 18-keyword query, we retrieved metadata and user-generated text for 743 Bilibili videos published between September 2016 and June 2024. The dataset contained 486.8 million views, 12.3 million likes, and approximately 760,000 textual entries (comments plus danmaku). After duplicate removal and chinese word segmentation, we conducted descriptive and Pearson-correlation analyses of engagement metrics and applied a three-class sentiment classifier, powered by the large language model/ (Qwen2.5-32B), to all comments and danmaku. The medical backgrounds of uploaders were manually verified to confirm their professional qualifications. Results Views showed strong positive correlations with likes (r = 0.7), collections (r = 0.74), and shares (r = 0.74); collections and shares were almost linearly related (r = 0.9). Less frequently covered topics, such as sterilisation surgery (3.0 % of videos) and fertility-awareness-based methods (2.3%), attracted disproportionately high like, share, and comment rates. Only 17 % of uploaders had confirmed medical training, and none were identified for videos on novel contraceptive methods or spontaneous abortion. Sentiment analysis revealed mainly negative reactions to induced abortion (52.2% negative) and novel contraceptives (52.1% negative), whereas content on coping with spontaneous abortion elicited the highest proportion of positive sentiment (24.2 %). Negative sentiment correlated moderately with larger comment volume (r = 0.32) but showed inverse associations with likes (r = −0.38) and virtual-coin donations (r = −0.51). Conclusions On Bilibili, adolescent engagement centres on basic contraception, yet niche or contentious topics drive greater interaction and polarised emotions, often without professional oversight. Coordinated efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and influential uploaders are needed to deliver accurate and empathetic content that addresses unmet informational needs. Adapting the emotional framing of messages could further enhance reach and foster constructive discussion on sensitive reproductive-health issues.

Determinants of Accessibility and Uptake of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescent Mothers (10-19 Years) in Rachuonyo North Sub-County, Homa-Bay County, Kenya

2025-06-17

David Masinde , Dancan Watama Odiver | European Modern Studies Journal

Kenya has one of the highest maternal and child health mortality in Africa. Estimates developed by the UN inter-agency group for child mortality estimation indicate a 2024 child mortality rate … Kenya has one of the highest maternal and child health mortality in Africa. Estimates developed by the UN inter-agency group for child mortality estimation indicate a 2024 child mortality rate of 41 per 1000 live births while maternal mortality is estimated at 530 per 100,000 live births. Rachuonyo North sub-county has one of the poorest maternal of 630/100,000 and child health indicators while the only measure available is the percentage of health facility based. The main objective of this study was to assess the determinants of accessibility and uptake of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescent mothers (15-19 years) in Rachuonyo north sub-county, Homa-Bay County. Specifically, the study established awareness, individual, social-economic and institutional factors influencing accessibility and uptake of SRHS among adolescent mothers in Rachuonyo North Sub-County. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design while multi-stage random sampling was used to select 422 respondents. Data collection tools included structured questionnaire and K.I.I which were pretested in Rachuonyo South sub-County. More than three quarters of the participants; 326 (78.7%) were aware of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (SRHS) for adolescent mothers. Most; 302 (72.9%) of the participants observed that SRHS services for adolescent mothers were available in the nearby facilities. There was no significant association between highest level of education attained and awareness of SRHS for adolescent mothers (p=0.965). There was a significant association between availability of SRHS in nearby facility and utilization of SRHS services in the form of ANC attendance (p<0.0001). There was no significant association between socio-economic status in the form of employment and affordability of SRHS services (p=0.153).

Teenage Pregnancy Trends, Outcomes, And Prevention Strategies

2025-06-17

Uzma Zaman , Rubina Baber , Karim Raza +3 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Background The public health problem of teenage pregnancy continues to affect the health status of mothers and children worldwide. Young pregnant persons are more likely to experience negative pregnancy outcomes … Background The public health problem of teenage pregnancy continues to affect the health status of mothers and children worldwide. Young pregnant persons are more likely to experience negative pregnancy outcomes that lead to premature delivery and babies born with low weight. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy shows little reduction since international organizations started working on it because the problem primarily affects countries that are still developing. Objectives To evaluates teenage pregnancy patterns by studying clinical effects together with intervention methods that minimize unwanted side effects. Study Design: A Retrospective Observational Study. Place and duration of study. Department of Gynae Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan from January 2023 through December 2023. Methods The study collected data from teenage pregnancies at Department of Gynae Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan from January 2023 through December 2023.during the period spanning from January 2023 through December 2024. Hospital records provided information regarding maternal age and various demographic characteristics besides pregnancy results. Statistical examinations utilized SPSS version 25.0 to perform the analyses where p<0.05 established the statistical significance. Results 200 teenage pregnancy cases where subjects averaged 17.2 years old standard deviation ± 1.5. Among the examined pregnancies preterm birth occurred in 20% of cases and low birth weight affected 15% of births. The Study showed that teenage pregnancies yielded better results with contraception use since the p-value reached 0.01. The study showed that 40 percent of participants already had access to contraception during the time when they grew pregnant. Conclusion Teenage pregnancies present several major health risks to mothers and their newborn infants. The implementation of sex education programs along with increased access to contraception methods leads to encouraging outcomes in reducing negative pregnancy results. The Study needs to expand its efforts toward better healthcare availability combined with expanded sexual education opportunities for young adults.

Informed decision making in the context of HIV prevention: an experience sampling study among men who have sex with men

2025-06-17

Felix Ludwig Steup , Thomas Gültzow , Kai J. Jonas +1 more | Psychology and Health

Individuals seeking HIV protection can choose from various strategies (e.g. condoms, PrEP). Thus, individuals may engage in informed decision making, balancing risks and benefits with their values. This study examines … Individuals seeking HIV protection can choose from various strategies (e.g. condoms, PrEP). Thus, individuals may engage in informed decision making, balancing risks and benefits with their values. This study examines how different levels of informed decision making affect the relationship between individuals' momentary prioritization of HIV safety and the perceived safety of their choices. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between informed decision-making levels and choice variability. 105 participants (104 cisgender men, 1 intersex man) provided safety evaluations for different sexual scenarios involving various HIV prevention strategies. Over six biweekly follow-ups, implemented strategies were reported and matched with safety evaluations, while assessing informed decision-making levels, impulsivity, and personal priority of safety. Higher levels of informed decision making were associated with a weaker positive relationship between momentary prioritization of HIV safety and perceived safety of the chosen strategy, suggesting that perceived safety was less dependent on momentary prioritization of HIV safety. Further, informed decision-making levels were not associated with choice variability. Our findings suggest that informed HIV prevention decisions are associated with higher perceived safety and act compensatory towards low personal safety prioritizations. This highlights the importance of supporting informed HIV prevention decisions.

Contraception and PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and practices among adolescent girls and young women in Nampula, Mozambique

2025-06-16

Allison Hsu , Joana Falcão , Ricardino Zandamela +6 more | PLOS Global Public Health

Despite widespread availability of ART and PrEP, HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Mozambique remains amongst the highest in Africa. Similarly, modern contraception methods are broadly … Despite widespread availability of ART and PrEP, HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Mozambique remains amongst the highest in Africa. Similarly, modern contraception methods are broadly available in the public sector, but high rates of unplanned pregnancies persist. We explored AGYW’s sexual behavior and knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, and HIV prevention practices in Nampula, Mozambique. Between May-June 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among a convenience sample of AGYW 15–25 years whose self-reported HIV status was negative or unknown receiving care at three adolescent health clinics in Nampula province. Information on demographics, sexual behavior, HIV, and contraception and PrEP knowledge and attitudes was collected. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of 200 AGYW (median age: 19 years, interquartile range: 17-21.3 years), 55% were in school, 32% completed secondary school and 81% had never been employed. Overall, 77% reported ever having had sex and 26% reported being <16 years at first sex. Nearly all respondents knew about condoms; only half had used a condom at last sex. Male condoms (62%), withdrawal (35%), and implants (25%) were the most commonly previously used contraceptive methods. AGYW were most interested in trying implants (18%), injectables (12%), and the pill (11%), though 31% reported not being interested in trying any new contraceptive method. Respondents had accurate general HIV knowledge; only 26% reported had ever heard of PrEP and 2% reported previous use. However, 64% expressed interest in using PrEP daily pills and 76% in long-acting injectables. AGYW in Nampula reported low usage of modern contraceptive methods and poor knowledge of PrEP. AGYW expressed interest in trying contraception and PrEP and showed positive attitudes toward PrEP usage. More widespread education around family planning and HIV prevention is needed to reduce barriers around improving sexual health among AGYW in Mozambique.

Factors associated with time to presentation to Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Australia, after STI contact notification

2025-06-16

K Hall , Arthur Wong , Anna McNulty +1 more | Sexual Health

Background Despite partner notification (PN) being an essential component of sexually transmitted infection (STI) control programs, little is known about how contacts of STIs are notified, and the time taken … Background Despite partner notification (PN) being an essential component of sexually transmitted infection (STI) control programs, little is known about how contacts of STIs are notified, and the time taken to present for testing. We aimed to evaluate both aspects in people presenting to Sydney Sexual Health Centre who reported being a sexual contact of someone diagnosed with an STI. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of data collected between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021 at Sydney Sexual Health Centre. A pop-up field in the electronic medical record collected data about people’s experience of being notified of their sexual contact with an STI. We ran univariable and multivariable analysis of time to presentation and PN method against clinical and demographic information. Results There were 2182 presentations because of STI contact notification. Median time to presentation was 3 days (IQR 1–7 days), which did not differ by spoken or electronic PN. In the multivariable model, people who received spoken PN were less likely to present in <3 days compared with contacts who received electronic PN, (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93, P = 0.007). This indicates electronic PN may prompt faster testing for STIs. Higher partner number was associated with receiving electronic PN. Conclusions Our study suggests that electronic PN may prompt faster testing for STIs. It provides valuable insights into the characteristics of STI contacts, who are rarely the focus of PN research. Understanding what motivates notified contacts to seek care is integral in modernising PN practices, as rates of STIs climb.

Adolescents’ and young people’s perspectives on school- based sexuality education in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

2025-06-16

Hannah Kabelka , Maryse Kok , Kénora Chau +3 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Background Sexuality education plays a crucial role in supporting adolescents’ and young people’s (AYP’s) health, well-being and gender equality and is increasingly recognised in global policies. In low- and … <title>Abstract</title> Background Sexuality education plays a crucial role in supporting adolescents’ and young people’s (AYP’s) health, well-being and gender equality and is increasingly recognised in global policies. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), research has raised concerns about the availability and sub-optimal implementation of sexuality education, yet few studies address these concerns considering AYP’s views. This limits insights for developing relevant and effective sexuality education programmes that can support AYP in their journey to adulthood. This review explores AYP’s perspectives on school-based sexuality education in LMICs. Methods A scoping review search was conducted across five academic databases and key stakeholder websites, identifying studies published between 2013 and 2024 in English. Following screening and systematic data extraction, 66 studies were included. Findings on characteristics of studies, AYP’s perspectives on needs, experiences and preferences related to sexuality education content and delivery, as well as socio-ecological influences were synthesized using a narrative approach. Results The review finds that while AYP across LMICs generally express high needs for school-based sexuality education, these often remain unmet. AYP consistently reported dissatisfaction with sexuality education as they wish for education that extends beyond cognitive learning about biology and negative implications of sexuality, to include more comprehensively its emotional, physical, and social aspects. Participants’ age, gender and urban or rural residence influence delivery preferences. Gaps in participatory, inclusive, and empowering education approaches reinforce gender norms, exclude diverse identities, and fail to address the specific needs of adolescent girls, young women, and marginalized youth. The review underscored the scarcity of research on AYP’s perspectives regarding age- and context-appropriateness, inclusivity of content, and regarding delivery formats. Studies from certain geographic regions and focusing on younger adolescents, youth with diverse social identity markers and those living in rural areas are especially underrepresented. Conclusions For the first time, this article synthesizes direct AYP perspectives on school-based sexuality education, while also pointing to remaining knowledge gaps when capturing views of AYP in LMICs. Concerted efforts are needed to diversify research, calling for more rigorous, inclusive and youth-participatory research efforts to inform sexuality education policies and programmes that are responsive to AYP’s needs.

Resumption of Sexual Activities Post-Childbirth: Examining the Relationship between Perceptions of Male Partners of Young Women and their Timing of Sexual Resumption in Bongo District

2025-06-16

Joel Afram Saah , Suglo Kabinaa Enoch , Michael Wombeogo +2 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Background Postpartum sexual activity is frequently resumed earlier than is recommended in low-resource settings, endangering the health of the mother. Postpartum decision-making is heavily impacted by partner-related and cultural … <title>Abstract</title> Background Postpartum sexual activity is frequently resumed earlier than is recommended in low-resource settings, endangering the health of the mother. Postpartum decision-making is heavily impacted by partner-related and cultural factors, especially in rural and patriarchal environments. Research that has been published thus far has been focused on the perspectives of women, with little consideration given to the potential influence of male partners on postpartum sexual behavior. Aim This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of husbands regarding the effects of early sexual resumption after childbirth and their willingness to wait for their wives to feel ready to resume sexual activities in the Bongo District. Methods Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 92 male partners of young women through a closed-ended questionnaire, which included Likert-scale items measuring perceptions related to postpartum sexual health. Results Descriptive statistics revealed a moderate awareness of physical changes post-childbirth and a lower knowledge of common issues like hormonal fluctuations. Additionally, husbands exhibited a strong willingness to support their wives, with high scores for prioritizing their feelings about intimacy and emotional support. Regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between husbands’ knowledge levels and their attitudes toward sexual resumption, indicating a variance in attitudes. Conclusion This study's findings highlighted the formulation of gender-sensitive postpartum policies that needed the involvement of male partners in postnatal education, fostering shared responsibility and mitigating early sexual resumption hazards.

“They waited for me to cross into puberty, which was too late … .”: parent–adolescent communication on risky sexual behaviour in south-central Uganda

2025-06-15

Lillian Ayebale , Allen Kabagenyi , Stephen Wandera Odhiambo | Sex Education

Adolescent Sexual Health and Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs Are Complex and Require Careful Design

2025-06-14

Karin Coyle , Pamela M. Anderson | Journal of Adolescent Health

A Cross-sectional Study on Factors Associated with Sexual Satisfaction Among Non-working Married Women in Bengaluru

2025-06-14

Anu Anns Pious , Anekal C. Amaresha , Ravi Girikematha Shankar | Journal of Psychosexual Health

Background: Sexual satisfaction is a complex concept influenced by physical, psychological and socio-cultural factors. However, there is a lack of research on what determines sexual satisfaction among non-working married women … Background: Sexual satisfaction is a complex concept influenced by physical, psychological and socio-cultural factors. However, there is a lack of research on what determines sexual satisfaction among non-working married women in India. This gap hinders our understanding of how traditional gender roles, economic dependence and cultural norms affect the sexual well-being of this group. This study aims to explore the factors associated with sexual satisfaction among non-working married women in Bengaluru, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 180 non-working married women. Data were collected using the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale, the Psychological Distress Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale and a self-prepared questionnaire on various factors related to sexual satisfaction. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Factors significantly associated with non-working women’s sexual satisfaction include physical factors (menstrual health difficulties, reproductive health issues and urogenital problems), psychological factors (psychological distress and subjective happiness) and socio-cultural factors (education, knowledge of sexual health at the time of marriage, type of marriage, age, age difference between couples and duration of marital life). Family-related factors (type of family, family pressure for children and exhausting household work) and couple-related characteristics (spouse’s smoking/drinking patterns and relationship with the spouse) were also significant. Together, these factors explained 78.6% of the variability in sexual satisfaction among non-working married women. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for health interventions to promote healthy lifestyles and suggest changes in sexual health practices. They also indicate the need for training health professionals to address the sexual health aspects of women. Further longitudinal studies with larger samples are required to better understand the relationship between these predictors and sexual satisfaction.

Sexualidade e saúde reprodutiva: o que pensam os adolescentes de escolas pública do sul catarinense?

2025-06-13

Mateus Pessetti , Isabella Indiara Novaes da Rocha , Letícia Felipe Milak +5 more | STUDIES IN HEALTH SCIENCES

Introdução: A adolescência é um período de intensas transformações físicas, psicológicas e sociais, que impactam diretamente a construção da sexualidade e o conhecimento sobre saúde reprodutiva. No entanto, muitas lacunas … Introdução: A adolescência é um período de intensas transformações físicas, psicológicas e sociais, que impactam diretamente a construção da sexualidade e o conhecimento sobre saúde reprodutiva. No entanto, muitas lacunas ainda persistem quanto à orientação e comunicação sobre o tema, tanto no ambiente familiar quanto escolar. Objetivo: Diante desse cenário, este estudo buscou analisar a percepção dos adolescentes em relação à sexualidade e saúde reprodutiva, abordando o conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos, prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) e a influência do ambiente familiar e escolar nesse processo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de campo, realizado com 48 adolescentes entre 11 e 13 anos de duas escolas públicas de Criciúma/SC. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários estruturados, analisados estatisticamente utilizando frequência simples, média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que, embora muitos adolescentes conheçam o preservativo masculino como método contraceptivo, há desconhecimento sobre outros métodos, como DIU e anel vaginal. Além disso, constatou-se que a comunicação sobre sexualidade é mais frequente entre amigos do que entre pais e filhos. Discussão: A maioria dos participantes demonstrou interesse por palestras sobre saúde sexual nas escolas, evidenciando a necessidade de maior integração entre família, escola e profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Diante desse panorama, o estudo reforça a importância de políticas públicas voltadas à educação sexual, promovendo espaços de diálogo aberto e inclusivo. A realização de ações educativas contínuas pode contribuir significativamente para a construção de uma vivência mais consciente e saudável da sexualidade entre adolescentes.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of Indigenous Women on Sex Education

2025-06-13

AMELIE S. SARILE | Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies

This study explores the sociodemographic characteristics of Indigenous women in Barangay Lagumit, Malita, Davao Occidental, and their perspectives on sex education. Using a quantitative-descriptive approach, data was collected from 95 … This study explores the sociodemographic characteristics of Indigenous women in Barangay Lagumit, Malita, Davao Occidental, and their perspectives on sex education. Using a quantitative-descriptive approach, data was collected from 95 Indigenous women (ages 18–59) through structured surveys. Descriptive analysis revealed positive attitudes toward sex education, with high mean scores in knowledge (M = 4.17), attitude (M = 4.22), and perception (M = 4.09). Inferential statistics (ANOVA) showed that educational attainment significantly influenced knowledge, attitude, and perception, while ethnicity affected perception, highlighting the role of cultural background in sex education engagement. Age and civil status had no statistically significant effects. These findings underscore the need for age-appropriate, culturally sensitive, and education-level-specific sex education programs. Stakeholders must develop tailored interventions to foster informed decision-making and promote equitable reproductive health education among Indigenous women.

Gender-Related and Sexual Problems among Children and Adolescents

2025-06-13

Philipp Stang , Martin G. Köllner , Maren Weiss | Психиатрия психотерапия и клиническая психология

Purpose. Sexuality and gender-specific problems are a particularly neglected factor in the psychotherapy and psychiatric care of children. The present study investigated the frequency of general mental health problems and … Purpose. Sexuality and gender-specific problems are a particularly neglected factor in the psychotherapy and psychiatric care of children. The present study investigated the frequency of general mental health problems and gender-related and sexual problems in three different German samples: 1) children and adolescents undergoing outpatient psychotherapy, 2) children and adolescents receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment, and 3) children and adolescents in an untreated control group. Materials and methods. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study with an online parent questionnaire via LimeSurvey, which included the assessment questionnaire for screening mental disorders (FBB-SCREEN), the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-5 for Children and Adolescents - III (DISYPS-III) and the Sex Problems Scale (SPS). Three samples were collected: control group, psychotherapy, outpatient psychiatric care. Results. The results show that children and adolescents who were undergoing outpatient psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment are affected by psychological, gender-related and sexual problems both more frequently and to a greater extent than those in the general population. Gender identity issues were reported by 6% of parents, inappropriate sexual behaviour by 8%, and general sexual problems by 4%. Any gender identity or sexual problems were reported by 15% (control group: 13%, psychotherapy: 21%, outpatient psychiatric care: 39%). Conclusions. The study underlines the importance of considering children’s sexual and gender health in psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. These findings highlight the need for further research in order to create representative data and develop targeted interventions. Введение. Сексуальность и гендерные проблемы являются особенно игнорируемым фактором в психотерапии и психиатрической помощи детям. В настоящем исследовании изучалась частота общих психических проблем, а также проблем, связанных с полом и сексуальностью, в трех различных немецких выборках: 1) дети и подростки, проходящие амбулаторную психотерапию, 2) дети и подростки, получающие амбулаторное психиатрическое лечение, и 3) дети и подростки в контрольной группе, не получающей лечения. Материалы и методы. Исследование представляло собой количественное перекрестное исследование с онлайн-опросником для родителей через LimeSurvey, который включал опросник для скрининга психических расстройств (FBB-SCREEN), Диагностическую систему психических расстройств по МКБ-10 и DSM-5 для детей и подростков – III (DISYPS-III) и Шкалу сексуальных проблем (SPS). Были собраны три выборки: контрольная группа, психотерапия, амбулаторная психиатрическая помощь. Результаты. Дети и подростки, проходившие амбулаторную психотерапию или психиатрическое лечение, страдают от психологических, гендерных и сексуальных проблем чаще и в большей степени, чем дети и подростки из общей популяции. О проблемах гендерной идентичности сообщили 6% родителей, о неадекватном сексуальном поведении – 8%, а об общих сексуальных проблемах – 4%. О любых проблемах гендерной идентичности или сексуальных проблемах сообщили 15% (контрольная группа: 13%, психотерапия: 21%, амбулаторная психиатрическая помощь: 39%). Заключение. Данное исследование подчеркивает важность учета сексуального и гендерного здоровья детей в психотерапевтическом и психиатрическом лечении. Эти данные подчеркивают необходимость дальнейших исследований для получения репрезентативных данных и разработки целенаправленных вмешательств.

Barriers to Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Multi-Level Qualitative Analysis

2025-06-13

Ijeoma Igwe , Julia Ijeoma Ogu , Aloysius Odii +1 more | Child & Youth Services

Seksualna edukacija u obitelji kao mehanizam prevencije štetnih i rizičnih seksualnih ponašanja djece i mladih

2025-06-12

Lucija Tomac | Metodički obzori

Ovaj rad bavi se važnošću provođenja seksualne edukacije u obitelji kao mehanizma prevencije štetnih i rizičnih seksualnih ponašanja djece i mladih. Seksualna ponašanja djece javljaju se od najranije dobi i … Ovaj rad bavi se važnošću provođenja seksualne edukacije u obitelji kao mehanizma prevencije štetnih i rizičnih seksualnih ponašanja djece i mladih. Seksualna ponašanja djece javljaju se od najranije dobi i mogu se klasificirati kroz tri kategorije prema njihovoj štetnosti. Rad problematizira pojavnost štetnih ponašanja djece koja kasnije prerastaju u rizična ponašanja mladih i adolescenata zbog čega je apostrofirana važnost obitelji kao primarne socijalizacijske jedinice u vidu provedbe adekvatne seksualne edukacije djece. Pregledom rezultata relevantnih istraživanja pružen je uvid u pojavnost štetnih ponašanja djece, zlostavljanja i izneseni su argumenti o važnosti obitelji u vidu provođenja pravovremene i adekvatne seksualne edukacijedjece, a sve u svrhu shvaćanja seksualne edukacije kao mehanizma prevencije štetnih i rizičnih seksualnih ponašanja djece i mladih.

Knowledge and Attitude Factors of Brides-to-be on the Incidence of Anemia in Pekalongan Regency

2025-06-12

Isti Sulistyana Djati , Sri Achadi Nugraheni , Ayun Sriatmi | Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian

Background: Anemia remains a public health concern among prospective brides. Nutritional education plays an essential role in enhancing awareness and preventive behaviors against anemia. Methode: This quasi-experimental study applied a … Background: Anemia remains a public health concern among prospective brides. Nutritional education plays an essential role in enhancing awareness and preventive behaviors against anemia. Methode: This quasi-experimental study applied a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 70 prospective brides were divided into intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. Result: Significant improvements were found in knowledge, attitudes, nutrient intake, and hemoglobin levels in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.000). After adjusting for confounding variables, nutritional education remained significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.015), nutrient intake (p=0.010), and hemoglobin levels (p=0.005), but not with attitudes (p=0.057). Conclusion: Nutritional education effectively improves knowledge, nutrient intake, and hemoglobin levels among prospective brides, supporting its role in anemia prevention, although changes in attitude may require additional factors.

‘More than a pill’: a qualitative co-exploration of the things that matter in young women's stories of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in South Africa

2025-06-12

Lynn Hendricks , Taryn Young , Robin Julies +3 more | Research Involvement and Engagement

Consistency in self-reported age at first sex and marriage among adolescents and young adults in Northwestern Tanzania: insights from repeated responses

2025-06-12

Jacqueline Materu , Jim Todd , Emma Slaymaker +4 more | Frontiers in Reproductive Health

Introduction Adolescents and young adults face unique sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with early sex and marriage linked to negative outcomes. Reported ages at first sex (AFS) and first … Introduction Adolescents and young adults face unique sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with early sex and marriage linked to negative outcomes. Reported ages at first sex (AFS) and first marriage (AFM) are crucial indicators for SRH and HIV intervention programs. This study aimed to assess the consistency of AFS and AFM reports among adolescents and young adults with repeated responses across eight survey rounds (1994–2016) from the Magu Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Magu HDSS). Methods A serial cross-sectional survey comprising 58,654 observations from 33,177 individuals in the Magu HDSS, conducted between 1994 and 2016, was analysed. Structured face-to-face interviews were used for data collection. A fixed-effects panel regression model was applied to assess within- and between-individual variability. Reported AFS and AFM were categorized as consistent or inconsistent across survey rounds. Variability and consistency were further analysed across different age groups, sexes, residence area, education, pregnancy and HIV status. Results The study revealed significant within-individual variability, with nearly half of the variation due to individual-specific reporting changes over time. Among 2,637 individuals aged 15–24 who reported AFS more than once, 1,312 (49.8%) provided consistent values. For AFM, 621 out of 920 individuals (67.5%) reported same age values across multiple surveys. In other words, 49.8% of individuals provided the same AFS values each time, while 67.5% reported the same AFM values; the rest reported different values. Sub-analysis showed that age, sex, residence, HIV status, pregnancy, and education influenced variability and consistency. Females exhibited higher consistency in AFS (56.7%) and AFM (61.0%) compared to males (43.5% and 44.9%, respectively). Adolescents (15–19 years) reported more consistently with lower variability than young adults (20–24 years) and adults (25–49 years). Conclusion This study assesses the extent of consistency in reported ages among young individuals and identifies the challenge of self-reported AFS and AFM data due to inherent variability and inconsistency. It highlights the need to scrutinize the consistency of these reported events each time these indicators are used to evaluate trends and progress in SRH and HIV programs. A systematic analytical approach is essential for improving data quality and obtaining accurate estimates.