Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

Works Count: 115470

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Description

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics in hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics (QCD), including the study of charmonium, mesons, baryons, parton distributions, exotic states, and the application of renormalization group techniques in lattice QCD. It also explores chiral dynamics, resonances, and the infrared behavior of QCD Green's functions.

Keywords

QCD; charmonium; mesons; baryons; parton distributions; renormalization group; exotic states; lattice QCD; chiral dynamics; resonances

Quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories

1978-06-01

V.N. Gribov

A unified field theory of mesons and baryons

1962-03-01

T. H. R. Skyrme

Hadron properties from QCD sum rules

1985-10-01

L. J. Reinders

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An effective field theory for collinear and soft gluons: Heavy to light decays

2001-05-07

C. Bauer , Sean Fleming , Dan Pirjol +1 more

We construct the Lagrangian for an effective theory of highly energetic quarks with energy Q, interacting with collinear and soft gluons. This theory has two low energy scales, the transverse … We construct the Lagrangian for an effective theory of highly energetic quarks with energy Q, interacting with collinear and soft gluons. This theory has two low energy scales, the transverse momentum of the collinear particles, ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}},$ and the scale ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{2}/Q.$ The heavy to light currents are matched onto operators in the effective theory at one loop and the renormalization group equations for the corresponding Wilson coefficients are solved. This running is used to sum Sudakov logarithms in inclusive $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{u}l\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decays. We also show that the interactions with collinear gluons preserve the relations for the soft part of the form factors for heavy-to-light decays found by Charles et al. [Phys. Rev. D 60, 014001 (1999)], establishing these relations in the large energy limit of QCD.

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Chiral quarks and the non-relativistic quark model

1984-03-01

Aneesh V. Manohar , Howard Georgi

Absence of neutrinos on a lattice

1981-07-01

Henning B. Nielsen , M. Ninomiya

Gauge-Invariant Decomposition of Nucleon Spin

1997-01-27

Xiangdong Ji

I introduce a gauge invariant decomposition of the nucleon spin into quark helicity, quark orbital, and gluon contributions. The total quark (and hence the quark orbital) contribution is shown to … I introduce a gauge invariant decomposition of the nucleon spin into quark helicity, quark orbital, and gluon contributions. The total quark (and hence the quark orbital) contribution is shown to be measurable through virtual Compton scattering in a special kinematic region where single quark scattering dominates. This deeply-virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) has much potential to unravel the quark and gluon structure of the nucleon.

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Nuclear forces from chiral lagrangians

1990-11-01

Steven Weinberg

QCD and resonance physics. theoretical foundations

1979-02-01

Mikhail Shifman , A.I. Vainshtein , В. И. Захаров

QCD phenomenology based on a chiral effective Lagrangian

1994-10-01

Tetsuo Hatsuda , Teiji Kunihiro

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Current algebra, baryons, and quark confinement

1983-08-01

Edward Witten

Applications of the Chiral<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn /><mml:mo>⊗</mml:mo><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn /></mml:math>Algebra of Current Densities

1966-08-26

James D. Bjorken

Consequences of the local commutation relations of vector and axial currents proposed by Gell-Mann are explored: (1) A recipe for detecting and isolating Schwinger terms in the commutators, proportional to … Consequences of the local commutation relations of vector and axial currents proposed by Gell-Mann are explored: (1) A recipe for detecting and isolating Schwinger terms in the commutators, proportional to derivatives of the $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function, is discussed. (2) Under assumptions of smooth asymptotic behavior of form factors for forward scattering of the isovector current from a proton, we show that the $U(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(3)$ algebra for the time components of the currents implies the $U(6)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(6)$ algebra for space components, at least for spin-averaged diagonal single-particle states. (3) The derivation of the Adler-Weisberger formula for $\frac{{G}_{A}}{{G}_{V}}$ is sharpened by giving arguments that, at fixed energy, the forward $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}p$ Green's function satisfies an unsubtracted dispersion relation in the pion mass. (4) A lower bound for inelastic electron-nucleon scattering at high momentum transfer is derived on the basis of $U(6)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(6)$. (5) The contribution of very virtual photons to the hyperfine anomaly in hydrogen is shown to be related to an equal-time commutator of currents; this contribution is crudely estimated to be 4 parts per million (ppm). (6) The logarithmically divergent part of electromagnetic mass differences of hadrons is shown to be proportional to matrix elements of the equal-time commutator of the electromagnetic current with its time derivative. It is suggested that this "divergent" part be identified with the Coleman-Glashow "tadpoles"; this suggestion is discussed in the framework of a simple quark model. (7) The logarithmically divergent part of the electromagnetic correction to the process ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is, on the basis of the $U(6)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(6)$ current algebra, shown to be nonvanishing, and is computed. (8) A speculative argument is presented that the rate ${e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons}$ is comparable to the rate ${e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the limit of large energies.

Chiral perturbation theory to one loop

1984-11-01

J. Gasser , H. Leutwyler

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More Is Different

1972-08-04

Philip W. Anderson

Photon-Hadron Interactions

2018-03-05

Richard P. Feynman

In these classic lectures, Feynman analyses the theoretical questions related to electron and photon interactions at high energies. These lectures are based on a special topics course taught by Feynman … In these classic lectures, Feynman analyses the theoretical questions related to electron and photon interactions at high energies. These lectures are based on a special topics course taught by Feynman at Caltech in 1971 and 1972. The material is dealt with on an advanced level and includes discussions of vector meson dominance and deep inelastic scattering. The possible consequences of the parton model are also analyzed.

U(1) without instantons

1979-11-01

G. Veneziano

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Non-abelian bosonization in two dimensions

1984-12-01

Edward Witten

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Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons

1964-08-31

F. Englert , R. Brout

This article appears in the following collection:Letters from the Past - A PRL Retrospective2008 marked PRL's 50th anniversary. As part of the celebrations a collection of milestone Letters was started. … This article appears in the following collection:Letters from the Past - A PRL Retrospective2008 marked PRL's 50th anniversary. As part of the celebrations a collection of milestone Letters was started. The collection contains Letters that have made long-lived contributions to physics, either by announcing significant discoveries, or by initiating new areas of research.

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Accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking

1995-01-01

R. B. Wiringa , V. G. J. Stoks , R. Schiavilla

We present a new high-quality nucleon-nucleon potential with explicit charge dependence and charge asymmetry, which we designate Argonne ${\mathit{v}}_{18}$. The model has a charge-independent part with 14 operator components that … We present a new high-quality nucleon-nucleon potential with explicit charge dependence and charge asymmetry, which we designate Argonne ${\mathit{v}}_{18}$. The model has a charge-independent part with 14 operator components that is an updated version of the Argonne ${\mathit{v}}_{14}$ potential. Three additional charge-dependent and one charge-asymmetric operators are added, along with a complete electromagnetic interaction. The potential has been fit directly to the Nijmegen pp and np scattering database, low-energy nn scattering parameters, and deuteron binding energy. With 40 adjustable parameters it gives a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{2}$ per datum of 1.09 for 4301 pp and np data in the range 0--350 MeV.

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Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions?

1973-06-25

H. David Politzer

An explicit calculation shows perturbation theory to be arbitrarily good for the deep Euclidean Green's functions of any Yang-Mills theory and of many Yang-Mills theories with fermions. Under the hypothesis … An explicit calculation shows perturbation theory to be arbitrarily good for the deep Euclidean Green's functions of any Yang-Mills theory and of many Yang-Mills theories with fermions. Under the hypothesis that spontaneous symmetry breakdown is of dynamical origin, these symmetric Green's functions are the asymptotic forms of the physically significant spontaneously broken solution, whose coupling could be strong.

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Precise Relations between the Spectra of Vector and Axial-Vector Mesons

1967-03-27

Steven Weinberg

Two sum rules are derived, relating moments of the spectral functions of the vector and axial-vector currents. If it is assumed that the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $A1$ mesons dominate these moments, … Two sum rules are derived, relating moments of the spectral functions of the vector and axial-vector currents. If it is assumed that the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $A1$ mesons dominate these moments, then their masses must be in the ratio $\frac{{m}_{A1}}{{m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}}=\sqrt{2}$, in very good agreement with experiment.

Weak transition form factors between heavy mesons

1990-03-01

Nathan Isgur , Mark B. Wise

QCD and instantons at finite temperature

1981-01-01

David J. Gross , Robert D. Pisarski , Laurence G. Yaffe

The current understanding of the behavior of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature is presented. Perturbative methods are used to explore the high-temperature dynamics. At sufficiently high temperatures the plasma of … The current understanding of the behavior of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature is presented. Perturbative methods are used to explore the high-temperature dynamics. At sufficiently high temperatures the plasma of thermal excitations screens all color electric fields and quarks are unconfined. It is believed that the high-temperature theory develops a dynamical mass gap. However in perturbation theory the infrared behavior of magnetic fluctuations is so singular that beyond some order the perturbative expansion breaks down. The topological classification of finite-energy, periodic fields is presented and the classical solutions which minimize the action in each topological sector are examined. These include periodic instantons and magnetic monopoles. At sufficiently high temperature only fields with integral topological charge can contribute to the functional integral. Electric screening completely suppresses the contribution of fields with nonintegral topological charge. Consequently the $\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence of the free energy at high temperature is dominated by the contribution of instantons. The complete temperature dependence of the instanton density is explicitly computed and large-scale instantons are found to be suppressed. Therefore the effects of instantons may be reliably calculated at sufficiently high temperature. The behavior of the theory in the vicinity of the transition from the high-temperature quark phase to the low-temperature hadronic phase cannot be accurately computed. However, at least in the absence of light quarks, semiclassical techniques and lattice methods may be combined to yield a simple picture of the dynamics valid for both high and low temperature, and to estimate the transition temperature.

Factorizable dual model of pions

1971-08-01

A. Neveu , John H. Schwarz

Exact Classical Solution for the 't Hooft Monopole and the Julia-Zee Dyon

1975-09-22

M. K. Prasad , Charles M. Sommerfield

We present an exact solution to the nonlinear field equations which describe a classical excitation possessing magnetic and electric charge. This solution has finite energy and exhibits explicitly those properties … We present an exact solution to the nonlinear field equations which describe a classical excitation possessing magnetic and electric charge. This solution has finite energy and exhibits explicitly those properties which have previously been found by numerical analysis.

Instantons in QCD

1998-04-01

Thomas Schäfer , Edward Shuryak

The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field … The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field theory. The main part of the review summarizes our understanding of the instanton liquid in QCD and the role of instantons in generating the spectrum of light hadrons. The authors also discuss properties of instantons at finite temperature and how instantons can provide a mechanism for the chiral phase transition. They give an overview of the role of instantons in some other models, in particular low-dimensional sigma models, electroweak theory, and supersymmetric QCD.

The bonn meson-exchange model for the nucleon—nucleon interaction

1987-05-01

R. Machleidt , K. Holinde , Ch. Elster

Static properties of nucleons in the Skyrme model

1983-12-01

Gregory S. Adkins , Chiara R. Nappi , Edward Witten

Modern theory of nuclear forces

2009-12-21

E. Epelbaum , H.‐W. Hammer , Ulf-G. Meißner

Effective field theory allows for a systematic and model-independent derivation of the forces between nucleons in harmony with the symmetries of Quantum Chromodynamics. We review the foundations of this approach … Effective field theory allows for a systematic and model-independent derivation of the forces between nucleons in harmony with the symmetries of Quantum Chromodynamics. We review the foundations of this approach and discuss its application for light nuclei at various resolution scales. The extension of this approach to many-body systems is briefly sketched.

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Construction of high-quality<i>NN</i>potential models

1994-06-01

V. G. J. Stoks , R. A. M. Klomp , C. P. F. Terheggen +1 more

We present an updated version (Nijm93) of the Nijmegen soft-core potential, which gives a much better description of the np data than the older version (Nijm78). The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{2}$ per datum … We present an updated version (Nijm93) of the Nijmegen soft-core potential, which gives a much better description of the np data than the older version (Nijm78). The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{2}$ per datum is 1.87. The configuration-space and momentum-space versions of this potential are exactly equivalent, a unique feature among meson-theoretical potentials. We also present three new NN potential models: a nonlocal Reid-like Nijmegen potential (Nijm I), a local version (Nijm II), and an updated regularized version (Reid 93) of the Reid soft-core potential. These three potentials all have a nearly optimal ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{2}$ per datum and can therefore be considered as alternative partial-wave analyses. All potentials contain the proper charge-dependent one-pion-exchange tail.

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A two-dimensional model for mesons

1974-06-01

Gerard ’t Hooft

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Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry

1970-10-01

Sheldon L. Glashow , J. Iliopoulos , L. Maiani

We propose a model of weak interactions in which the currents are constructed out of four basic quark fields and interact with a charged massive vector boson. We show, to … We propose a model of weak interactions in which the currents are constructed out of four basic quark fields and interact with a charged massive vector boson. We show, to all orders in perturbation theory, that the leading divergences do not violate any strong-interaction symmetry and the next to the leading divergences respect all observed weak-interaction selection rules. The model features a remarkable symmetry between leptons and quarks. The extension of our model to a complete Yang-Mills theory is discussed.

Charmonium: The model

1978-06-01

E. Eichten , Kurt Gottfried , T. Kinoshita +2 more

A comprehensive treatment of the charmonium model of the $\ensuremath{\psi}$ family is presented. The model's basic assumption is a flavor-symmetric instantaneous effective interaction between quark color densities. This interaction describes … A comprehensive treatment of the charmonium model of the $\ensuremath{\psi}$ family is presented. The model's basic assumption is a flavor-symmetric instantaneous effective interaction between quark color densities. This interaction describes both quark-antiquark binding and pair creation, and thereby provides a unified approach for energies below and above the threshold for charmed-meson production. If coupling to decay channels is ignored, one obtains the "naive" model wherein the dynamics is completely described by a single charmed-quark pair. A detailed description of this "naive" model is presented for the case where the instantaneous potential is a superposition of a linear and Coulombic term. A far more realistic picture is attained by incorporating those terms in the interaction that couple charmed quarks to light quarks. The coupled-channel formalism needed for this purpose is fully described. Formulas are given for the inclusive ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross section and for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation into specific charmed-meson pairs. The influence of closed decay channels on $\ensuremath{\psi}$ states below charm threshold is investigated, with particular attention to leptonic and radiative widths.

A planar diagram theory for strong interactions

1974-04-01

Gerard ’t Hooft

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The Nambu—Jona-Lasinio model of quantum chromodynamics

1992-07-01

S. P. Klevansky

The Nambu---Jona-Lasinio model is reviewed in its flavor SU(2) and SU(3) versions applied to quarks. The dynamical generation of quark masses is demonstrated as a feature of chiral symmetry breaking. … The Nambu---Jona-Lasinio model is reviewed in its flavor SU(2) and SU(3) versions applied to quarks. The dynamical generation of quark masses is demonstrated as a feature of chiral symmetry breaking. One finds that the associated meson spectra, as well as the meson static properties, can be well described. Current-algebra results, which arise as a consequence of symmetry considerations, automatically hold for this model and are explicitly demonstrated to do so. These include the Goldberger-Treiman and Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relations. Effects of finite temperature, finite chemical potential, and strong Maxwell and chromoelectromagnetic fields on the dynamically generated quark mass and the meson spectra are discussed. The alternative procedure of bosonization to obtain an effective Lagrange density in mesonic degrees of freedom, using the derivative expansion, is also presented. The current status in relating the results of this model to that of chiral perturbation theory is critically examined.

Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. I

1973-11-15

David J. Gross , Frank Wilczek

Asymptotically free gauge theories of the strong interactions are constructed and analyzed. The reasons for doing this are recounted, including a review of renormalization-group techniques and their application to scaling … Asymptotically free gauge theories of the strong interactions are constructed and analyzed. The reasons for doing this are recounted, including a review of renormalization-group techniques and their application to scaling phenomena. The renormalization-group equations are derived for Yang-Mills theories. The parameters that enter into the equations are calculated to lowest order and it is shown that these theories are asymptotically free. More specifically the effective coupling constant, which determines the ultraviolet behavior of the theory, vanishes for large spacelike momenta. Fermions are incorporated and the construction of realistic models is discussed. We propose that the strong interactions be mediated by a "color" gauge group which commutes with SU(3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(3). The problem of symmetry breaking is discussed. It appears likely that this would have a dynamical origin. It is suggested that the gauge symmetry might not be broken and that the severe infrared singularities prevent the occurrence of noncolor singlet physical states. The deep-inelastic structure functions, as well as the electron-positron total annihilation cross section are analyzed. Scaling obtains up to calculable logarithmic corrections, and the naive light-cone or parton-model results follow. The problems of incorporating scalar mesons and breaking the symmetry by the Higgs mechanism are explained in detail.

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The role of resonances in chiral perturbation theory

1989-07-01

Gerhard F. Ecker , J. Gasser , Antonio Pich +1 more

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Scaling Laws at Large Transverse Momentum

1973-10-29

Stanley J. Brodsky , Glennys R. Farrar

The application of simple dimensional counting to bound states of pointlike particles enables us to derive scaling laws for the asymptotic energy dependence of electromagnetic and hadronic scattering at fixed … The application of simple dimensional counting to bound states of pointlike particles enables us to derive scaling laws for the asymptotic energy dependence of electromagnetic and hadronic scattering at fixed c.m. angle which only depend on the number of constituent fields of the hadrons. Assuming quark constituents, some of the $s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, fixed-$\frac{t}{s}$ predictions are ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}})}_{\ensuremath{\pi}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}p}\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}})}_{\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pp}}\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$, ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}})}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}p}\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}})}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}p}\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, ${F}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}{({q}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${F}_{1p}({q}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}{({q}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. We show that such scaling laws are characteristic of renormalizable field theories satisfying certain conditions.

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Mesons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics

1985-07-01

Stephen Godfrey , Nathan Isgur

We show that mesons---from the \ensuremath{\pi} to the \ensuremath{\Upsilon}---can be described in a unified quark model with chromodynamics. The key ingredient of the model is a universal one-gluon-exchange-plus-linear-confinement potential motivated … We show that mesons---from the \ensuremath{\pi} to the \ensuremath{\Upsilon}---can be described in a unified quark model with chromodynamics. The key ingredient of the model is a universal one-gluon-exchange-plus-linear-confinement potential motivated by QCD, but it is crucial to the success of the description to take into account relativistic effects. The spectroscopic results of the model are supported by an extensive analysis of strong, electromagnetic, and weak meson couplings.

Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions

1956-10-01

T.D. Lee , C. N. Yang

The question of parity conservation in $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays and in hyperon and meson decays is examined. Possible experiments are suggested which might test parity conservation in these interactions. The question of parity conservation in $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays and in hyperon and meson decays is examined. Possible experiments are suggested which might test parity conservation in these interactions.

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Hamiltonian formulation of Wilson's lattice gauge theories

1975-01-15

John B. Kogut , Leonard Susskind

Wilson's lattice gauge model is presented as a canonical Hamiltonian theory. The structure of the model is reduced to the interactions of an infinite collection of coupled rigid rotators. The … Wilson's lattice gauge model is presented as a canonical Hamiltonian theory. The structure of the model is reduced to the interactions of an infinite collection of coupled rigid rotators. The gauge-invariant configuration space consists of a collection of strings with quarks at their ends. The strings are lines of non-Abelian electric flux. In the strong-coupling limit the dynamics is best described in terms of these strings. Quark confinement is a result of the inability to break a string without producing a pair.

Observation of a Narrow Charmoniumlike State in Exclusive<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math>Decays

2003-12-23

S.-K. Choi , S. L. Olsen , K. Abe +7 more

We report the observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state produced in the exclusive decay process B+/--->K+/-pi(+)pi(-)J/psi. This state, which decays into pi(+)pi(-)J/psi, has a mass of 3872.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) MeV, a value … We report the observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state produced in the exclusive decay process B+/--->K+/-pi(+)pi(-)J/psi. This state, which decays into pi(+)pi(-)J/psi, has a mass of 3872.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) MeV, a value that is very near the M(D0)+M(D(*0)) mass threshold. The results are based on an analysis of 152M B-Bmacr; events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. The signal has a statistical significance that is in excess of 10sigma.

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Confinement of quarks

1974-10-15

Kenneth G. Wilson

A mechanism for total confinement of quarks, similar to that of Schwinger, is defined which requires the existence of Abelian or non-Abelian gauge fields. It is shown how to quantize … A mechanism for total confinement of quarks, similar to that of Schwinger, is defined which requires the existence of Abelian or non-Abelian gauge fields. It is shown how to quantize a gauge field theory on a discrete lattice in Euclidean space-time, preserving exact gauge invariance and treating the gauge fields as angular variables (which makes a gauge-fixing term unnecessary). The lattice gauge theory has a computable strong-coupling limit; in this limit the binding mechanism applies and there are no free quarks. There is unfortunately no Lorentz (or Euclidean) invariance in the strong-coupling limit. The strong-coupling expansion involves sums over all quark paths and sums over all surfaces (on the lattice) joining quark paths. This structure is reminiscent of relativistic string models of hadrons.

Axial-Vector Vertex in Spinor Electrodynamics

1969-01-25

Stephen L. Adler

Working within the framework of perturbation theory, we show that the axial-vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics has anomalous properties which disagree with those found by the formal manipulation of field … Working within the framework of perturbation theory, we show that the axial-vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics has anomalous properties which disagree with those found by the formal manipulation of field equations. Specifically, because of the presence of closed-loop "triangle diagrams," the divergence of axial-vector current is not the usual expression calculated from the field equations, and the axial-vector current does not satisfy the usual Ward identity. One consequence is that, even after the external-line wave-function renormalizations are made, the axial-vector vertex is still divergent in fourth- (and higher-) order perturbation theory. A corollary is that the radiative corrections to ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}l$ elastic scattering in the local current-current theory diverge in fourth (and higher) order. A second consequence is that, in massless electrodynamics, despite the fact that the theory is invariant under ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ tranformations, the axial-vector current is not conserved. In an Appendix we demonstrate the uniqueness of the triangle diagrams, and discuss a possible connection between our results and the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays. In particular, we argue that as a result of triangle diagrams, the equations expressing partial conservation of axial-vector current (PCAC) for the neutral members of the axial-vector-current octet must be modified in a well-defined manner, which completely alters the PCAC predictions for the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ two-photon decays.

Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields

1964-09-01

Peter W. Higgs

Non-Lagrangian Models of Current Algebra

1969-03-25

Kenneth G. Wilson

An alternative is proposed to specific Lagrangian models of current algebra. In this alternative there are no explicit canonical fields, and operator products at the same point [say, ${j}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x){j}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x)$] have … An alternative is proposed to specific Lagrangian models of current algebra. In this alternative there are no explicit canonical fields, and operator products at the same point [say, ${j}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x){j}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x)$] have no meaning. Instead, it is assumed that scale invariance is a broken symmetry of strong interactions, as proposed by Kastrup and Mack. Also, a generalization of equal-time commutators is assumed: Operator products at short distances have expansions involving local fields multiplying singular functions. It is assumed that the dominant fields are the $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ currents and the $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ multiplet containing the pion field. It is assumed that the pion field scales like a field of dimension $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is unspecified within the range $1\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\Delta}<4$; the value of $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is a consequence of renormalization. These hypotheses imply several qualitative predictions: The second Weinberg sum rule does not hold for the difference of the ${K}^{*}$ and axial-${K}^{*}$ propagators, even for exact $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2)$; electromagnetic corrections require one subtraction proportional to the $I=1$, ${I}_{z}=0\ensuremath{\sigma}$ field; $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are allowed by current algebra. Octet dominance of nonleptonic weak processes can be understood, and a new form of superconvergence relation is deduced as a consequence. A generalization of the Bjorken limit is proposed.

Multiquark hadrons. I. Phenomenology of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>mesons

1977-01-01

R. J. Jaffe

The spectra and dominant decay couplings of ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ mesons are presented as calculated in the quark-bag model. Certain known ${0}^{+}$ mesons [$\ensuremath{\epsilon}(700),{S}^{*},\ensuremath{\delta},\ensuremath{\kappa}$] are assigned to the lightest cryptoexotic ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ nonet. … The spectra and dominant decay couplings of ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ mesons are presented as calculated in the quark-bag model. Certain known ${0}^{+}$ mesons [$\ensuremath{\epsilon}(700),{S}^{*},\ensuremath{\delta},\ensuremath{\kappa}$] are assigned to the lightest cryptoexotic ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ nonet. The usual quark-model ${0}^{+}$ nonet ($Q\overline{Q} L=1$) must lie higher in mass. All other ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ mesons are predicted to be broad, heavy, and usually inelastic in formation processes. Other ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ states which may be experimentally prominent are discussed.

Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model

2016-11-04

Juan Maldacena , Douglas Stanford

We study a quantum mechanical model proposed by Sachdev, Ye and Kitaev. The model consists of $N$ Majorana fermions with random interactions of a few fermions at a time. It … We study a quantum mechanical model proposed by Sachdev, Ye and Kitaev. The model consists of $N$ Majorana fermions with random interactions of a few fermions at a time. It it tractable in the large $N$ limit, where the classical variable is a bilocal fermion bilinear. The model becomes strongly interacting at low energies where it develops an emergent conformal symmetry. We study two and four point functions of the fundamental fermions. This provides the spectrum of physical excitations for the bilocal field. The emergent conformal symmetry is a reparametrization symmetry, which is spontaneously broken to $SL(2,R)$, leading to zero modes. These zero modes are lifted by a small residual explicit breaking, which produces an enhanced contribution to the four point function. This contribution displays a maximal Lyapunov exponent in the chaos region (out of time ordered correlator). We expect these features to be universal properties of large $N$ quantum mechanics systems with emergent reparametrization symmetry. This article is largely based on talks given by Kitaev \cite{KitaevTalks}, which motivated us to work out the details of the ideas described there.

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Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. II

1961-10-01

Y. Nambu , G. Jona‐Lasinio

Continuing the program developed in a previous paper, a "superconductive" solution describing the proton-neutron doublet is obtained from a nonlinear spinor field Lagrangian. We find the pions of finite mass … Continuing the program developed in a previous paper, a "superconductive" solution describing the proton-neutron doublet is obtained from a nonlinear spinor field Lagrangian. We find the pions of finite mass as nucleon-antinucleon bound states by introducing a small bare mass into the Lagrangian which otherwise possesses a certain type of the ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ invariance. In addition, heavier mesons and two-nucleon bound states are obtained in the same approximation. On the basis of numerical mass relations, it is suggested that the bare nucleon field is similar to the electron-neutrino field, and further speculations are made concerning the complete description of the baryons and leptons.

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Broken Symmetries

1962-08-01

Jeffrey Goldstone , Abdus Salam , Steven Weinberg

Some proofs are presented of Goldstone's conjecture, that if there is continuous symmetry transformation under which the Lagrangian is invariant, then either the vacuum state is also invariant under the … Some proofs are presented of Goldstone's conjecture, that if there is continuous symmetry transformation under which the Lagrangian is invariant, then either the vacuum state is also invariant under the transformation, or there must exist spinless particles of zero mass.

$$K^+\Lambda (1520)$$ photoproduction at forward angles near threshold with the BGOOD experiment

2025-06-24

E. O. Rosanowski , T. C. Jude , S. Alef +7 more | The European Physical Journal A

Form factors of light pseudoscalar mesons from the perturbative QCD approach

2025-06-24

Jian Chai , Shan Cheng | Journal of High Energy Physics

A bstract We study the electromagnetic and meson-photon transition form factors (TFF) of light pseudoscalar mesons from the perturbative QCD (pQCD) approach. To comprehensively account for both the longitudinal and … A bstract We study the electromagnetic and meson-photon transition form factors (TFF) of light pseudoscalar mesons from the perturbative QCD (pQCD) approach. To comprehensively account for both the longitudinal and transverse nonperturbative dynamics of hadronic constituents, we incorpoarate intrinsic transverse momentum distributions (iTMDs) alongside the conventional light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). The main motivations of this work are the disjointedness of electromagnetic form factors between the theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements, and the BaBar-Belle tension of pion-photon transition form factor in the large momentum transfers. Our calculation is carried out at the next-to-leading-order for the contributions from leading and subleading twist LCDAs, and leading order for the twist four contributions. Notably, this work presents the first systematic evaluation of higher-twist contributions to meson-photon TFFs. The key findings are: (a) iTMDs play a crucial role in describing form factor data, particularly in the small-to-intermediate momentum transfer region where they induce significant modifications to pQCD predictions. (b) The extracted transverse size parameters for valence quark states are found to be $$ {\beta}_{\pi}^2 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0.51 ± 0 . 04 GeV −2 and $$ {\beta}_K^2 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0.30 ± 0.05 GeV −2 , the chiral mass of pion meson $$ {m}_0^{\pi } $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> at 1 GeV is determined to be 1.84 ± 0.07 GeV. (c) The meson-photon TFFs are predominantly governed by leading-twist LCDAs. The iTMDs-enhanced pQCD results show better agreement with Belle’s pion TFF data across intermediate and large momentum transfers and favor a small η – η ′ mixing angle. (d) Remarkably, the inclusion of iTMDs extends the applicability of pQCD calculations down to a few GeV 2 for all considered form factors, significantly improving the theory-data consistency.

Exclusive <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> photoproduction on nuclei

2025-06-24

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. C

Production mechanism of hidden-charm pentaquark states <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="true">‾</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> with strangeness <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml…

2025-06-24

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

The spectra of $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ and $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ hexaquark states

2025-06-24

Xuan-Heng Zhang , Sheng‐Qi Zhang , Cong‐Feng Qiao | The European Physical Journal C

Abstract Motivated by the recent observation of the $$J^P = 1^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> resonance X (2085) in the … Abstract Motivated by the recent observation of the $$J^P = 1^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> resonance X (2085) in the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> system by the BESIII collaboration, we study the molecular states of $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with baryon-antibaryon structures within the framework of the QCD sum rules. Non-perturbative contributions up to dimension 13 in quark operator expansion (OPE) are considered. Our calculation results indicate the possible existence of six $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> molecular states with quantum numbers $$J^{P}=0^{-}, 0^{+}, 1^{-}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which do not support X (2085), or at least not its main component, being a $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> or $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> molecular state. Additionally, the previously observed state X (2075) also lies in the vicinity of $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> molecular states, and its inner structure might not be entirely transparent, rather possibly a mixture of tetraquark and hexaquark states. The possible decay modes of the concerned states are analyzed.

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Mechanical properties of the nucleon from the generalized parton distributions

2025-06-23

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

The <i>ρ</i>-meson electromagnetic form factors within the light-front quark model

2025-06-23

Shuai Xu , Xiaonan Li , Xing-Gang Wu | Chinese Physics Letters

Abstract In this paper, we study the ρ -meson electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) within the framework of light-front quark model (LFQM). The physical form factors G C,M,Q ( Q 2 … Abstract In this paper, we study the ρ -meson electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) within the framework of light-front quark model (LFQM). The physical form factors G C,M,Q ( Q 2 ) of ρ -meson as well as the charged square radius ﹤ r 2 ﹥, the magnetic moment μ and the quadrupole moment Q are calculated, which describe the behaviors of EMFFs at zero momentum transfer. Using the type-II replacement, we find that the zero-mode does contribute zero to the matrix element S 00 + . It is found that the “ M → M 0 ” replacement improves angular condition remarkably, which permits different prescriptions of ρ -meson EMFFs give the consistent results. The residue tiny violation of angular condition needs other explanations than the zero-mode contributions. Our results indicate that the relativistic effects or interaction internal structure are weaken in the zero-binding limit. This work is also applied for the other spin-1 particles.

Chiral three-nucleon force in many-nucleon systems

2025-06-20

Tokuro Fukui , G. De Gregorio , A. Gargano | Proceedings of The 8th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics — PoS(CD15)

Pion to photon transition form factor: Beyond valence quarks

2025-06-20

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

The determination of potential scales in 2+1 flavor QCD

2025-06-19

Tom Matty Bo Asmussen , Roman Höllwieser , Francesco Knechtli +1 more | The European Physical Journal C

Abstract We calculate the hadronic scales $$r_0,$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$r_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and their ratio $$r_0/r_1$$ <mml:math … Abstract We calculate the hadronic scales $$r_0,$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$r_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and their ratio $$r_0/r_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> on $${N_\textrm{f}}=2+1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>f</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> flavor QCD ensembles generated by the CLS consortium. These scales are determined from a tree-level improved definition of the static force on the lattice, which we measure using Wilson loops. Our analysis involves various continuum and chiral extrapolations of data that cover pion masses between 134 MeV and 420 MeV and five lattice spacings down to 0.039 fm. We compare the potential scales to gradient flow scales by forming corresponding ratios. We find $$r_0=0.4757(64)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.4757</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>64</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> fm at the physical point. As a byproduct of our analysis we express the $${N_\textrm{f}}=3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>f</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> QCD Lambda parameter determined by the ALPHA Collaboration in units of the scale $$r_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and obtain $$r_0 \Lambda ^{(3)}_{\overline{\textrm{MS}}} = 0.820(28).$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mtext>MS</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.820</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>28</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> Furthermore we present results for the second derivative of the potential to study its shape and compare it to phenomenological potential models.

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Extracting scattering amplitudes for arbitrary two-particle systems with one-particle left-hand cuts via lattice QCD

2025-06-19

André Baião Raposo , Raúl A. Briceño , Maxwell T. Hansen +1 more | Journal of High Energy Physics

A bstract We derive a general formalism that relates the spectrum of two-particle systems in a finite volume to physical scattering amplitudes, taking into account the presence of any left-hand … A bstract We derive a general formalism that relates the spectrum of two-particle systems in a finite volume to physical scattering amplitudes, taking into account the presence of any left-hand branch cuts due to single-particle exchanges. The method first relates the finite-volume spectrum to an infinite-volume short-range quantity, denoted $$ {\mathcal{M}}_0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and then relates the latter to the physical scattering amplitudes via known integral equations. The derivation of both relations is performed using all-orders perturbation theory and is exact up to neglected exponentially suppressed volume dependence. The relations hold for arbitrary two-particle systems with any number of coupled channels, non-identical and non-degenerate particles, and any intrinsic spin.

Pseudoscalar Meson Parton Distributions Within Gauge-Invariant Nonlocal Chiral Quark Model

2025-06-19

Parada T. P. Hutauruk | Symmetry

In this paper, I investigate the gluon distributions for the kaon and pion, as well as the improvement of the valence-quark distributions, in the framework of the gauge-invariant nonlocal chiral … In this paper, I investigate the gluon distributions for the kaon and pion, as well as the improvement of the valence-quark distributions, in the framework of the gauge-invariant nonlocal chiral quark model (NLχQM), where the momentum dependence is taken into account. I then compute the gluon distributions for the kaon and pion that are dynamically generated from the splitting functions in the Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) QCD evolution. In a comparison with the recent lattice QCD and JAM global analysis results, it is found that the results for the pion gluon distributions at Q= 2 GeV, which is set based on the lattice QCD, have a good agreement with the recent lattice QCD data; this is followed up with the up valence-quark distribution of the pion results at Q= 5.2 GeV in comparison with the reanalysis experimental data. The prediction for the kaon gluon distributions at Q=2 GeV is consistent with the recent lattice QCD calculation.

Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> transition at low <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>

2025-06-18

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. C

Fluctuations and correlations of quark spin in hot and dense QCD matter

2025-06-17

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical Review Letters

Toward scalable bound-to-resonance extrapolations for few- and many-body systems

2025-06-17

Nuwan Yapa , S. König , K. Fossez | Physical review. C

Doubly heavy tetraquarks from lattice QCD: Incorporating diquark-antidiquark operators and the left-hand cut

2025-06-17

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

First look at quartic-in-spin binary dynamics at third post-Minkowskian order

2025-06-17

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical Review Letters

The Gauge Theory Bootstrap: Computing Pion amplitudes and low energy parameters from QCD

2025-06-17

Yifei He , Martı́n Kruczenski | Proceedings of The 8th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics — PoS(CD15)

The semileptonic decays of Bc(2S)

2025-06-17

Zhi-Hui Wang , Tianhong Wang , Yue Jiang +1 more | Modern Physics Letters A

The [Formula: see text] meson cannot decay through the OZI-allowed channels because its mass is below the BD threshold. The [Formula: see text] meson also cannot decay to multi-light hadron … The [Formula: see text] meson cannot decay through the OZI-allowed channels because its mass is below the BD threshold. The [Formula: see text] meson also cannot decay to multi-light hadron states, since there is different quark in [Formula: see text] meson. The decay modes of [Formula: see text] include the strong decay [Formula: see text], a few electromagnetic decays and many more weak decay channels. So the electromagnetic decays of [Formula: see text] have been discussed in the previous work. In this letter, we study the semileptonic weak decays of [Formula: see text] meson. The mass and wave functions of [Formula: see text] meson are calculated by the improved Bethe–Salpeter(BS) method. According to the BS wave functions of [Formula: see text] and final-state mesons, we get the hadronic matrix element, then the semileptonic decay channels of [Formula: see text] to final-state mesons as pseudoscalar mesons and vector mesons are studied. Finally, the semileptonic weak decay widths of [Formula: see text] are presented.

The baryon–baryon interaction in the large-$$N_c$$ limit

2025-06-16

Thomas Vonk , Ulf-G. Meißner | The European Physical Journal A

Abstract We analyze the large- $$N_c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> structure of the baryon–baryon potential derived in the framework of SU(3) chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-leading … Abstract We analyze the large- $$N_c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> structure of the baryon–baryon potential derived in the framework of SU(3) chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-leading order including contact interactions as well as one-meson and two-meson exchange diagrams. Moreover, we assess the impact of SU(3) symmetry breaking from a large- $$N_c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> perspective and show that the leading order results can successfully be applied to the hyperon–nucleon potential. Our results include a reduction of the number of relevant low-energy constants of the leading order contact interaction from fifteen to three, and we show that consistency is preserved if the F / D ratio is given by 2/3 and the C / D ratio for the baryon decuplet-to-octet coupling is given by 2.

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Corrigendum to “Quark mass dependence of the low-lying charmed mesons at one loop in HH<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si77.svg"><mml:mi>χ</mml:mi></mml:math>PT” [Physics Letters B Volume 843, 10 August 2023, 137997]

2025-06-16

F. Gil-Domínguez , R. Molina | Physics Letters B

Density of states method for symplectic gauge theories at finite temperature

2025-06-16

Ed Bennett , Biagio Lucini , David M. Mason +3 more | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

We study the finite-temperature behavior of the <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>S</a:mi><a:mi>p</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>4</a:mn><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:math> Yang-Mills lattice theory in four dimensions, by applying the logarithmic linear relaxation algorithm. We demonstrate the presence of … We study the finite-temperature behavior of the <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>S</a:mi><a:mi>p</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>4</a:mn><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:math> Yang-Mills lattice theory in four dimensions, by applying the logarithmic linear relaxation algorithm. We demonstrate the presence of coexisting (metastable) phases, when the system is in the proximity of the transition. We measure observables such as the free energy, the expectation value of the plaquette operator and of the Polyakov loop, as well as the specific heat, and the Binder cumulant. We use these results to obtain a high-precision measurement of the critical coupling at the confinement-deconfinement transition, and assess its systematic uncertainty, for one value of the lattice extent in the time direction. Furthermore, we perform an extensive study of the finite-volume behavior of the lattice system, by repeating the measurements for fixed lattice time extent, while increasing the spatial size of the lattice. We hence characterize the first-order transition on the lattice and present the first results in the literature on this theory for the infinite volume extrapolation of lattice quantities related to latent heat and interface tension. Gauge theories with <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mi>S</e:mi><e:mi>p</e:mi><e:mo stretchy="false">(</e:mo><e:mn>4</e:mn><e:mo stretchy="false">)</e:mo></e:math> group have been proposed as new dark sectors to provide a fundamental origin for the current phenomenological evidence of dark matter. A phase transition at high temperature, in such a new dark sector, occurring in the early Universe, might have left a relic stochastic background of gravitational waves. Our results represent a milestone toward establishing whether such a new physics signal is detectable in future experiments, as they enter the calculation of the parameters, <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mi>α</i:mi></i:math> and <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mi>β</k:mi></k:math>, controlling the power spectrum of gravitational waves. We also outline the process needed in the continuum extrapolation of our measurements and test its feasibility on one additional choice of temporal extent of the lattice. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Interpretation of 95 GeV excess within the Georgi-Machacek model in light of positive definiteness constraints

2025-06-16

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

An Unitary Coupled-Channel Approach to J/ψ Radiative decay to Persudoscalar Pairs

2025-06-15

Yanghong 卢泱宏 Lu , Jia-Jun Wu , Beijiang Liu +1 more | Chinese Physics C

Abstract We present a comprehensive theoretical approach for describing the amplitude of the processes $J/\psi \to \gamma ab$, where $a$ and $b$ are pseudoscalar mesons. Our approach systematically incorporates: final-state … Abstract We present a comprehensive theoretical approach for describing the amplitude of the processes $J/\psi \to \gamma ab$, where $a$ and $b$ are pseudoscalar mesons. Our approach systematically incorporates: final-state rescattering between the pseudoscalar pair $ab$, contributions from intermediate resonances and coupled-channel effects via rescattering of $a$ with a intermediate state $\bar{X}$ (which subsequently decays to $\gamma b$).&#xD;%In this framework, we include the re-scattering between two pseudoscalars, and the contribution of the various resonances, and the re-scattering of $a$ and $\bar{X}$ which can decay to $\gamma b$. The formalism ensures unitarity in the two-body rescattering amplitude and dynamically dressed couplings between resonances and pseudoscalar pair. Using a toy model, we perform numerical calculations and demonstrate that coupled-channel effects significantly influence the lineshape of the invariant mass spectrum of the final states. These findings highlight the necessity of including coupled-channel dynamics in interpretations of $J/\psi$ radiative decays.

Fermions and the renormalization group at large <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>

2025-06-15

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Quark propagator at one-loop in the refined Gribov-Zwanziger framework

2025-06-13

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:math> -meson decays to vector charmoniumlike states and a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math> meson: The role of final-state interactions

2025-06-13

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Screening masses of positive- and negative-parity hadron ground states, including those with strangeness

2025-06-12

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Scattering and gluon emission of physical quarks in a SU(3) colored field

2025-06-12

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Non-$$D{\bar{D}}$$ decays into light meson pairs of the D-wave charmonium $$\psi _3(3842)$$

2025-06-12

Zi-Yue Bai , B. Lai , Qin-Song Zhou +1 more | The European Physical Journal C

Abstract As a D -wave partner of $$\psi (3770)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3770</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> identified by the LHCb Collaboration, $$\psi _3(3842)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> … Abstract As a D -wave partner of $$\psi (3770)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3770</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> identified by the LHCb Collaboration, $$\psi _3(3842)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3842</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> lies between the $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$D\bar{D^*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> thresholds. Its non- $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decay channels have attracted considerable interest. In this study, we investigate these allowed non- $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decays of $$\psi _3(3842)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3842</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> into PP , PV , and VV final states using the hadronic loop mechanism, where P and V represent light pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively. Our results suggest that these non- $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decays of $$\psi _3(3842)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3842</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> can be significant, with contributions primarily driven by hadronic loops. Notably, the $$\rho \pi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> channel stands out as the main non- $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decay mode, while non- $$D{\bar{D}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decay channels involving strange mesons are also sizable. These predictions could be tested in future experiments such as those at LHCb and BESIII.

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Quantum computation of SU(2) lattice gauge theory with continuous variables

2025-06-11

Victor Ale , Nora Bauer , Raghav G. Jha +2 more | Journal of High Energy Physics

A bstract We present a quantum computational framework for pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory, using continuous variables instead of discrete qubits to represent the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of the gauge … A bstract We present a quantum computational framework for pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory, using continuous variables instead of discrete qubits to represent the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of the gauge fields. We consider a ladder as well as a two-dimensional grid of plaquettes, detailing the use of gauge fixing to reduce the degrees of freedom and simplify the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate how system dynamics, ground states, and energy gaps can be computed using the continuous-variable approach to quantum computing. Our results indicate that it is feasible to study non-Abelian gauge theories with continuous variables, providing new avenues for understanding the real-time dynamics of quantum field theories.

Kaon radiative leptonic decay rates from lattice QCD simulations at the physical point

2025-06-11

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Exploring the Interpretations of Charmonia and ccc–c– Tetraquarks in the Relativistic Flux Tube Model

2025-06-11

Wen-Chao Dong , Zhi-Gang Wang , Jianwen Zhou | Symmetry

Incited by the scant understanding of unsettled charmonia and newly observed ccc–c– tetraquarks, this work aims to explore the canonical interpretations and spectroscopic properties of these fully hidden-charm states. In … Incited by the scant understanding of unsettled charmonia and newly observed ccc–c– tetraquarks, this work aims to explore the canonical interpretations and spectroscopic properties of these fully hidden-charm states. In the framework of a relativistic flux tube model, the centroid masses of the low-lying nL-wave states with 1≤n+L≤4 are unraveled. In order to pin down the complete mass spectra, the hyperfine splittings induced by the spin-dependent interactions are incorporated into the final predictions. Accordingly, fourteen charmonia are well identified, including the ηc(1S), J/ψ(1S), χc0(1P), hc(1P), χc1(1P), χc2(1P), ηc(2S), ψ(2S), ψ(3770), ψ2(3823), ψ3(3842), χc0(3915), χc2(3930), and ψ(4040) states. Additionally, the exotic Tψψ(6400), Tψψ(6600), Tψψ(6900), and Tψψ(7300) states are interpreted as the 1S-wave, 1P/2S-wave, 1D/2P-wave, and 2D/3P/4S-wave ccc–c– tetraquarks, respectively. Based on the achieved outcomes, the spin-parity quantum number is imperative to discriminate the nature of the ccc–c– structures, pending further experimental measurement in the future.

Are compact open-charm tetraquarks consistent with recent lattice results?

2025-06-10

Feng-Kun Guo , C. Hanhart | Communications in Theoretical Physics

Abstract We argue that the hypothesis that positive-parity charm meson resonances exhibit a compact tetraquark structure has some clear tension with recent lattice results for the $S$-wave $\pi D$ system … Abstract We argue that the hypothesis that positive-parity charm meson resonances exhibit a compact tetraquark structure has some clear tension with recent lattice results for the $S$-wave $\pi D$ system for an SU(3) flavor symmetric setting.&#xD;In particular, we show that &#xD;such a diquark--anti-diquark tetraquark scenario would call for the presence of a state&#xD;in the flavor $[{\mathbf{\overline{15}}}]$ representation, not seen in the lattice analysis.&#xD;Moreover, we show that analogous lattice data in the&#xD;axial-vector channel are even more sensitive to the&#xD;internal structure of these very interesting states.

Exact Wigner function for chiral spirals

2025-06-09

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Proton Lifetime in Minimal Supersymmetric SU(5) with Gauge Mediation

2025-06-07

Jason L. Evans , Yoshihiro Shigekami | The European Physical Journal C

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the predicted proton lifetimes in minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) SU (5) grand unified theory (GUT) with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB). We focus on the … Abstract In this paper, we discuss the predicted proton lifetimes in minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) SU (5) grand unified theory (GUT) with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB). We focus on the case of $$\textbf{5} + \bar{\textbf{5}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> messengers and determine the low-scale mass spectrum of the scalar particles and gauginos using the renormalization group equations. With the obtained mass spectrum, we calculate the dominant proton decay mode for SUSY SU (5) GUT, $$p \rightarrow K^+ \bar{\nu }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In our setup, we assume the messenger scale to be $$\mathcal {O}(10^3)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV in order to obtain a proper Higgs mass in GMSB scenario. For this messenger scale, we find the proton lifetime is consistent with current experimental limits and can be tested by future proton decay experiments.

Phenomenology of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> mesons radiative transitions

2025-06-06

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Insight into the nature of the $$P_{c}(4457)$$ and related pentaquarks

2025-06-06

U. Özdem | The European Physical Journal C

Abstract We systematically study the electromagnetic properties of pentaquark states from different perspectives to better understand their nature, internal structure, and quantum numbers, determine their hadronization processes, and shed light … Abstract We systematically study the electromagnetic properties of pentaquark states from different perspectives to better understand their nature, internal structure, and quantum numbers, determine their hadronization processes, and shed light on their true nature. The present study examines the magnetic moments of the $$P_{c}(4457)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4457</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and related hidden-charm pentaquark states with and without strangeness $$([d d][u c] {\bar{c}},$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$[u u][s c] {\bar{c}},$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$[dd ][s c] {\bar{c}},$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$[s s][u c] {\bar{c}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$[s s][d c] {\bar{c}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , employing a comprehensive analysis that encompasses both the compact pentaquark configuration and $$J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> quantum numbers. The present study compares the results regarding the magnetic moment of the $$P_{c}(4457)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4457</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> pentaquark state with those reported in the existing literature. The numerical results obtained in this study, when considered alongside existing literature, indicate that the magnetic moments of hidden-charm pentaquark states may offer insights into their underlying structures, which in turn can inform the distinction between their spin-parity quantum numbers. It seems that for the future experimental search of the family of hidden-charm pentaquark states, studying the electromagnetic properties of the hidden-charm pentaquark states can provide valuable information.

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