Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Fiber Optic Sensor Technology

Works Count: 107837

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers covers advances in fiber optic sensor technology, including topics such as Brillouin scattering, surface plasmon resonance, structural health monitoring, long-period gratings, photonic crystal fiber, refractive index sensors, and distributed sensing.

Keywords

Fiber Optic Sensors; Optical Fiber; Sensor Technology; Brillouin Scattering; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Structural Health Monitoring; Long-Period Gratings; Photonic Crystal Fiber; Refractive Index Sensor; Distributed Sensing

Fiber Optic Sensors

2011-07-11

Eric Udd , William B. Spillman

Preface. About the Authors. Contributors. 1 The Emergence of Fiber Optic Sensor Technology (Eric Udd). 2 Optical Fibers (Daniel A. Nolan, Paul E. Blaszyk, and Eric Udd). 3 Light Sources … Preface. About the Authors. Contributors. 1 The Emergence of Fiber Optic Sensor Technology (Eric Udd). 2 Optical Fibers (Daniel A. Nolan, Paul E. Blaszyk, and Eric Udd). 3 Light Sources (Eric Udd). 4 Optical Detectors (William B. Spillman, Jr.). 5 Optical Modulators for Fiber Optic Sensors (Leonard M. Johnson). 6 Intensity-Based and Fabry Perot Interferometer Sensors (Gordon L. Mitchell). 7 Multimode Grating Sensors (William B. Spillman, Jr.). 8 Multimode Polarization Sensors (William B. Spillman, Jr.). 9 Fiber Optic Sensors Based on the Sagnac Interferometer and Passive Ring Resonator (Eric Udd). 10 Fiber Optic Sensors Based on the Mach Zehnder and Michelson Interferometers (Anthony Dandridge). 11 Distributed and Multiplexed Fiber Optic Sensors (Alan D. Kersey). 12 Fiber Optic Magnetic Sensors (Frank Bucholtz). 13 Industrial Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors (John W. Berthold III). 14 Fiber Optic Smart Structures (Eric Udd). 15 Fiber Grating Sensors (Eric Udd). 16 Fiber Optic Biosensors (William B. Spillman, Jr.). Index.

Elements of soliton theory

1980-01-01

G. L. Lamb

Light transmission optics

1973-04-01

C E Arregger

Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask

1993-03-08

K. O. Hill , B. Malo , F. Bilodeau +2 more

A photolithographic method is described for fabricating refractive index Bragg gratings in photosensitive optical fiber by using a special phase mask grating made of silica glass. A KrF excimer laser … A photolithographic method is described for fabricating refractive index Bragg gratings in photosensitive optical fiber by using a special phase mask grating made of silica glass. A KrF excimer laser beam (249 nm) at normal incidence is modulated spatially by the phase mask grating. The diffracted light, which forms a periodic, high-contrast intensity pattern with half the phase mask grating pitch, photoimprints a refractive index modulation into the core of photosensitive fiber placed behind, in proximity, and parallel, to the mask; the phase mask grating striations are oriented normal to the fiber axis. This method of fabricating in-fiber Bragg gratings is flexible, simple to use, results in reduced mechanical sensitivity of the grating writing apparatus and is functional even with low spatial and temporal coherence laser sources.

Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering

2004-08-17

Hong‐Nan Li , Dongsheng Li , Gangbing Song

Optical fiber long-period grating sensors

1996-05-01

Vikram Bhatia , Ashish M. Vengsarkar

We present a novel class of highly sensitive sensors based on long-period fiber gratings that can be implemented with simple and inexpensive demodulation schemes. Temperature, strain, and refractive-index resolutions of … We present a novel class of highly sensitive sensors based on long-period fiber gratings that can be implemented with simple and inexpensive demodulation schemes. Temperature, strain, and refractive-index resolutions of 0.65 degrees C, 65.75 micro, and 7.69 x 10(-5), respectively, are demonstrated for gratings fabricated in standard telecommunication fibers.

Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview

2000-05-01

K. T. V. Grattan , Tong Sun

Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method

1989-08-01

G. Meltz , W. W. Morey , William H. Glenn

Bragg gratings have been produced in germanosilicate optical fibers by exposing the core, through the side of the cladding, to a coherent UV two-beam interference pattern with a wavelength selected … Bragg gratings have been produced in germanosilicate optical fibers by exposing the core, through the side of the cladding, to a coherent UV two-beam interference pattern with a wavelength selected to lie in the oxygen-vacancy defect band of germania, near 244 nm. Fractional index perturbations of approximately 3 x 10(-5) have been written in a 4.4-mm length of the core with a 5-min exposure. The Bragg filters formed by this new technique had reflectivities of 50-55% and spectral widths, at half-maximum, of 42 GHz.

Optically active oxygen-deficiency-related centers in amorphous silicon dioxide

1998-10-01

Linards Skuja

Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters

1997-08-01

T. Erdoğan

The transmission of a mode guided by the core of an optical fiber through an ultraviolet-induced fiber grating when substantial coupling to cladding modes occurs is analyzed both experimentally and … The transmission of a mode guided by the core of an optical fiber through an ultraviolet-induced fiber grating when substantial coupling to cladding modes occurs is analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. A straightforward theory is presented that is based on the calculation of the modes of a three-layer step-index fiber geometry and on multimode coupled-mode theory that accurately models the measured transmission in gratings that support both counterpropagating (short-period) and co-propagating (long-period) interactions. These cladding-mode resonance filters promise unique applications for spectral filtering and sensing.

Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser

1996-11-01

K.M. Davis , Kiyotaka Miura , Naoki Sugimoto +1 more

With the goal of being able to create optical devices for the telecommunications industry, we investigated the effects of 810-nm, femtosecond laser radiation on various glasses. By focusing the laser … With the goal of being able to create optical devices for the telecommunications industry, we investigated the effects of 810-nm, femtosecond laser radiation on various glasses. By focusing the laser beam through a microscope objective, we successfully wrote transparent, but visible, round-elliptical damage lines inside high-silica, borate, soda lime silicate, and fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) bulk glasses. Microellipsometer measurements of the damaged region in the pure and Ge-doped silica glasses showed a 0.01–0.035 refractive-index increase, depending on the radiation dose. The formation of several defects, including Si E′ or Ge E′ centers, nonbridging oxygen hole centers, and peroxy radicals, was also detected. These results suggest that multiphoton interactions occur in the glasses and that it may be possible to write three-dimensional optical circuits in bulk glasses with such a focused laser beam technique.

Optical fibre long-period grating sensors: characteristics and application

2003-03-26

Stephen W. James , Ralph P. Tatam

Recent research on fibre optic long-period gratings (LPGs) is reviewed with emphasis placed upon the characteristics of LPGs that make them attractive for applications in sensing strain, temperature, bend radius … Recent research on fibre optic long-period gratings (LPGs) is reviewed with emphasis placed upon the characteristics of LPGs that make them attractive for applications in sensing strain, temperature, bend radius and external index of refraction. The prospect of the development of multi-parameter sensors, capable of simultaneously monitoring a number of these measurands will be discussed.

Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors

2003-04-01

Byoungho Lee

Fiber grating spectra

1997-01-01

T. Erdoğan

In this paper, we describe the spectral characteristics that can be achieved in fiber reflection (Bragg) and transmission gratings. Both principles for understanding and tools for designing fiber gratings are … In this paper, we describe the spectral characteristics that can be achieved in fiber reflection (Bragg) and transmission gratings. Both principles for understanding and tools for designing fiber gratings are emphasized. Examples are given to illustrate the wide variety of optical properties that are possible in fiber gratings. The types of gratings considered include uniform, apodized, chirped, discrete phase-shifted, and superstructure gratings; short-period and long-period gratings; symmetric and tilted gratings; and cladding-mode and radiation-mode coupling gratings.

Optical Properties of Solids

1973-07-01

F. Wooten , Sumner P. Davis

First Page First Page

Fibre Bragg gratings in structural health monitoring—Present status and applications

2008-04-24

Mousumi Majumder , Tarun Kumar Gangopadhyay , A. K. Chakraborty +2 more

Equivalence of Semiclassical and Quantum Mechanical Descriptions of Statistical Light Beams

1963-04-01

E. C. G. Sudarshan

Solitary wave solutions of nonlinear wave equations

1992-07-01

W. Malfliet

A method is proposed for obtaining traveling-wave solutions of nonlinear wave equations that are essentially of a localized nature. It is based on the fact that most solutions are functions … A method is proposed for obtaining traveling-wave solutions of nonlinear wave equations that are essentially of a localized nature. It is based on the fact that most solutions are functions of a hyperbolic tangent. This technique is straightforward to use and only minimal algebra is needed to find these solutions. The method is applied to selected cases.

<i>Optical Properties of Solids</i>

2002-11-20

Mark A. Fox , G. F. Bertsch

First Page First Page

The definition of cross polarization

1973-01-01

A. Ludwig

There are at least three different definitions of cross polarization used in the literature. The alternative definitions are discussed with respect to several applications, and the definition which corresponds to … There are at least three different definitions of cross polarization used in the literature. The alternative definitions are discussed with respect to several applications, and the definition which corresponds to one standard measurement practice is proposed as the best choice.

View PDF Chat

Loss Analysis of Single-Mode Fiber Splices

1977-05-06

D. Marcuse

This paper analyses losses caused by the misalignment of two fibers joined in a splice. We consider the possibility that the two fibers of different dimensions are separated in longitudinal … This paper analyses losses caused by the misalignment of two fibers joined in a splice. We consider the possibility that the two fibers of different dimensions are separated in longitudinal direction and are tilted or offset with respect to each other. Central to our discussion is the observation that the modes of single-mode fibers are very nearly gaussian in shape regardless of the fiber type step-index or graded-index. The splice losses are thus related to the corresponding losses of gaussian beams. We specify the relation between the actual mode field and the gaussian beam that matches this field optimally. The trade-off between slice tolerances with respect to tilt and offset is expressed as an “uncertainty principle. “ Because of the near-gaussian nature of single-mode fiber fields, our results are immediately applicable to the excitation of single-mode fibers by gaussian-shaped laser beams.

The shape of fiber tapers

1992-04-01

T. A. Birks , Y.W. Li

A model for the shape of optical fiber tapers, formed by stretching a fiber in a heat source of varying length, is presented. Simple assumptions avoid any need for the … A model for the shape of optical fiber tapers, formed by stretching a fiber in a heat source of varying length, is presented. Simple assumptions avoid any need for the techniques of fluid mechanics. It is found that any decreasing shape of taper can be produced. The procedure for calculating the hot-zone length variation required to produce a given shape of taper is described, and is used to indicate how an optical adiabatic taper can be made. A traveling burner tapering system is capable of realizing the model's prediction, and a complete practical procedure for the formation of fiber tapers with any reasonable shape is thus presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings

2002-01-01

Xuewen Shu , Lin Zhang , I. Bennion

We present a detailed investigation into the sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) as a function of temperature, strain, and surrounding refractive index, with particular attention to the higher order … We present a detailed investigation into the sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) as a function of temperature, strain, and surrounding refractive index, with particular attention to the higher order cladding modes and the possibilities for ultrasensitive sensors. From a general theoretical analysis, we identify a general sensitivity factor which offers new physical insight into LPFG behavior and represents a useful design aid in conjunction with a set of measurand-specific sensitivity factors. Our analysis reveals the existence of turning points in the mode dispersion characteristics at which ultrasensitive operation may be obtained. In an extensive set of coordinated experiments, we verify the theoretical predictions with close agreement and provide demonstrations of the device behavior close to the turning points. Alternative sensor schemes for temperature, strain, and refractive index based, respectively, on measurement of the dual resonance characteristic of the modes and on the transmission characteristics close to the turning points, utilizing higher order modes of the LPFG, are presented. For two variables at least, we record the highest LPFG sensitivities yet reported.

Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors

2012-06-26

Xiaoyi Bao , Liang Chen

Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman scatterings in fibers result from the interaction of photons with local material characteristic features like density, temperature and strain. For example an acoustic/mechanical wave generates a … Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman scatterings in fibers result from the interaction of photons with local material characteristic features like density, temperature and strain. For example an acoustic/mechanical wave generates a dynamic density variation; such a variation may be affected by local temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence. By detecting changes in the amplitude, frequency and phase of light scattered along a fiber, one can realize a distributed fiber sensor for measuring localized temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence over lengths ranging from meters to one hundred kilometers. Such a measurement can be made in the time domain or frequency domain to resolve location information. With coherent detection of the scattered light one can observe changes in birefringence and beat length for fibers and devices. The progress on state of the art technology for sensing performance, in terms of spatial resolution and limitations on sensing length is reviewed. These distributed sensors can be used for disaster prevention in the civil structural monitoring of pipelines, bridges, dams and railroads. A sensor with centimeter spatial resolution and high precision measurement of temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence can find applications in aerospace smart structures, material processing, and the characterization of optical materials and devices.

View PDF Chat

Fiber grating sensors

1997-01-01

A.D. Kersey , Michael A. Davis , Patrick Houizot +5 more

We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based … We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors.

Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview

1997-01-01

K. O. Hill , G. Meltz

The historical beginnings of photosensitivity and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology are recounted. The basic techniques for fiber grating fabrication, their characteristics, and the fundamental properties of fiber gratings are … The historical beginnings of photosensitivity and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology are recounted. The basic techniques for fiber grating fabrication, their characteristics, and the fundamental properties of fiber gratings are described. The many applications of fiber grating technology are tabulated, and some selected applications are briefly described.

Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula

1989-11-15

Fritz Kasten , A. T. Young

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Fritz … Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Fritz Kasten and Andrew T. Young, "Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula," Appl. Opt. 28, 4735-4738 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber point temperature sensing

2003-10-03

Scott A. Wade , Stephen F. Collins , G. W. Baxter

The fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber-based point temperature sensing is reviewed, including the materials suitable for this technique. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio has been … The fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber-based point temperature sensing is reviewed, including the materials suitable for this technique. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio has been studied using thermally coupled energy levels in seven different rare earth ions doped into a variety of glasses and crystals. Sensor prototypes developed using Pr3+:ZBLANP, Nd3+-doped silica fiber and Yb3+-doped silica fiber as the sensing material have been used to measure temperatures covering the range of approximately −50 to 600 °C with a resolution of the order of 1 °C.

Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters

1996-01-01

Ashish M. Vengsarkar , P. J. Lemaire , Justin B. Judkins +3 more

We present a new class of long-period fiber gratings that can be used as in-fiber, low-loss, band-rejection filters. Photoinduced periodic structures written in the core of standard communication-grade fibers couple … We present a new class of long-period fiber gratings that can be used as in-fiber, low-loss, band-rejection filters. Photoinduced periodic structures written in the core of standard communication-grade fibers couple light from the fundamental guided mode to forward propagating cladding modes and act as spectrally selective loss elements with insertion losses act as backreflections <-80 dB, polarization-mode-dispersions <0.01 ps and polarization-dependent-losses <0.02 dB.

Analysis and performance of fiber composites

1981-04-01

J. E. Bailey

An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors

2017-05-25

A.H. Hartog

This book explains physical principles, unique benefits, broad categories, implementation aspects, and performance criteria of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS). For each kind of sensor, the book highlights industrial applications, … This book explains physical principles, unique benefits, broad categories, implementation aspects, and performance criteria of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS). For each kind of sensor, the book highlights industrial applications, which range from oil and gas production to power line monitoring, plant and process engineering, environmental monitoring, industrial fire and leakage detection, and so on. The text also includes a discussion of such key areas as backscattering, launched power limitations, and receiver sensitivity, as well as a concise historical account of the field's development. &nbsp

Light scattering from polymer solutions

1973-04-01

C. Price

In-fibre Bragg grating sensors

1997-04-01

Yun-Jiang Rao

In-fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are one of the most exciting developments in the field of optical fibre sensors in recent years. Compared with conventional fibre-optic sensors, FBG sensors have … In-fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are one of the most exciting developments in the field of optical fibre sensors in recent years. Compared with conventional fibre-optic sensors, FBG sensors have a number of distinguishing advantages. Significant progress has been made in applications to strain and temperature measurements. FBG sensors prove to be one of the most promising candidates for fibre-optic smart structures. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of FBG sensor technology regarding many aspects including sensing principles, properties, fabrication, interrogation and multiplexing of FBG sensors. It is anticipated that FBG sensor systems will be commercialized and widely applied in practice in the near future due to the maturity of economical production of FBGs and the availability of cost effective interrogation and multiplexing techniques.

Nonlinear Oscillations

1980-09-01

Ali H. Nayfeh , Dean T. Mook , Phillip Holmes

Nonlinear Fiber Optics

1995-01-01

Nonlinear Fiber Optics

2013-01-01

Fiber Bragg gratings

1997-12-01

Andreas Othonos

Since the discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers there has been great interest in the fabrication of Bragg gratings within the core of a fiber. The ability to inscribe intracore … Since the discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers there has been great interest in the fabrication of Bragg gratings within the core of a fiber. The ability to inscribe intracore Bragg gratings in these photosensitive fibers has revolutionized the field of telecommunications and optical fiber based sensor technology. Over the last few years, the number of researchers investigating fundamental, as well as application aspects of these gratings has increased dramatically. This article reviews the technology of Bragg gratings in optical fibers. It introduces the phenomenon of photosensitivity in optical fibers, examines the properties of Bragg gratings, and presents some of the important developments in devices and applications. The most common fabrication techniques (interferometric, phase mask, and point by point) are examined in detail with reference to the advantages and the disadvantages in utilizing them for inscribing Bragg gratings. Reflectivity, bandwidth, temperature, and strain sensitivity of the Bragg reflectors are examined and novel and special Bragg grating structures such as chirped gratings, blazed gratings, phase-shifted gratings, and superimposed multiple gratings are discussed. A formalism for calculating the spectral response of Bragg grating structures is described. Finally, devices and applications for telecommunication and fiber-optic sensors are described, and the impact of this technology on the future of the above areas is discussed.

View PDF Chat

Theory of Nonlinear Lattices

1989-01-01

Morikazu Toda

Solitons : nonlinear pulses and beams

1997-01-01

Nail Akhmediev , Adrian Ankiewicz

Basic equations. The nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Exact solutions. Non-Kerr-law nonlinearities. Normal dispersion regime. Multiple-port linear devices made from solitons. Nonlinear pulses in birefringent media. Pulses in nonlinear couplers. Multi-core nonlinear … Basic equations. The nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Exact solutions. Non-Kerr-law nonlinearities. Normal dispersion regime. Multiple-port linear devices made from solitons. Nonlinear pulses in birefringent media. Pulses in nonlinear couplers. Multi-core nonlinear fiber arrays. The influence of higher-order dispersion on solitons. Beam dynamics. Planar nonlinear guided waves. Nonlinear pulses in presence of gain, loss and spectral filtering. References. Index.

An improved method to obtain wavelengthdependent radius and chromatic dispersion of a supercontinuum laser beam

2025-06-25

Shenghao Wang , Haoyu Wang , Wei Zhou +4 more | Applied Optics

Dual parametric simultaneous measurement based on ring-core fiber based MZI cascaded with FBG

2025-06-25

Wenjie Nie , Jie Du , Qishuang Zhang +7 more | Applied Physics B

All-fiber butterfly-shaped Mach–Zehnder interferometer: an efficient spectral filter for selecting the output performance of erbium-doped fiber lasers

2025-06-25

Ghadeer R. Hashem , Sarah Kadhim Al-Hayali | Optical Engineering

Polymer Composite Based No-Core Fiber Structure as Refractive Index Sensor

2025-06-25

Nur Najahatul Huda Saris , Nazirah Mohd Razali , Toshimi Fukui +4 more | Materials science forum

This study theoretically proposes a refractive index (RI) sensor based on a polymer composite with a no-core fiber (NCF) design structure. Sensor designs with diameter variations of 125 µm, 105 … This study theoretically proposes a refractive index (RI) sensor based on a polymer composite with a no-core fiber (NCF) design structure. Sensor designs with diameter variations of 125 µm, 105 µm, and 85 µm are simulated using the Wave Optics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The sensors are characterized within an analyte range of 1.470 RIU to 1.500 RIU, at intervals of 0.005 RIU. The results demonstrate effective interaction between the structure and the sensing medium. The highest recorded sensitivity is 4×10⁻⁶ (dimensionless) for the 85 µm sensor, followed by 2×10⁻⁶ for the 105 µm sensor, and 1×10⁻⁶ for the 125 µm sensor. This study offers valuable insights, guiding the optimal design of polymer-based RI sensors for future environmental monitoring, chemistry, and biomedicine applications.

High-resolution liquid refractive index sensor based on side-polished d-shaped fiber and phase-sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometry (φ-OFDR)

2025-06-25

Jeevan Bartaula , Kort Bremer , Bernhard Roth | Optics Express

D-shaped wide detection and high sensitivity dual-core photonic crystal fiber dual-parameter sensor

2025-06-24

Tao Shen , Weigang Li , Chi Liu +3 more | Physica Scripta

Abstract A dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with wide detection range and high sensitivity was designed and analyzed for simultaneous temperature measurement and analyte refractive index (RI) monitoring. The … Abstract A dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with wide detection range and high sensitivity was designed and analyzed for simultaneous temperature measurement and analyte refractive index (RI) monitoring. The right core utilizes PDMS and a gold layer to excite surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for temperature sensing, while the left core employs gold nanoparticles to generate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for RI detection. This dual-core design effectively eliminates cross-sensitivity between RI and temperature measurements in PCF, while simultaneously achieving a wide detection range that overcomes the limitations of traditional sensors. Through simulation optimization, the sensor demonstrates a RI sensitivity of 12,000 nm/RIU across RI from 1.09 to 1.42, and a temperature sensitivity (TS) of 26 nm/°C over temperatures from 0°C to 100°C. The designed sensor exhibits an exceptionally wide detection range and ultra-high sensitivity, showing broad application prospects in chemical production, biochemistry, environmental monitoring, and medical fields.

Optical Vernier Effect Based Demodulation System for Fiber Optic Sensors: an AWG and Neural Network Based Perspective

2025-06-24

Yuanfeng Chen , Tianhao Wang , Pengcheng Yang +5 more | Applied Optics

Evanescent wave absorption in U-bent fiber optic sensors – a ray-optics model for evanescent power and experimental validation

2025-06-24

Christina Grace Danny , Divagar Murugan , V. V. R. Sai | Applied Optics

Design and research of strain sensor based on multi-hinged double fiber Bragg grating

2025-06-24

Zhongchao Qiu , Fengxin Pei , Songyuan Shi +3 more | Optical Fiber Technology

Fs-written Type-A volume Bragg gratings using a phase-mask and burst mode exposure

2025-06-24

Joëlle Harb , Lauris Talbot , Yannick Petit +2 more | Optics Express

We report on the pioneering inscription of Type-A volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) using the phase-mask technique and a high-power (100 W average power) femtosecond laser operating in burst mode. We … We report on the pioneering inscription of Type-A volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) using the phase-mask technique and a high-power (100 W average power) femtosecond laser operating in burst mode. We manage 3D volume material processing while decoupling the thermal load with nonlinear interaction thanks to the independent tuning of inter-burst and repetition rates. Finally, an 850 × 900 × 500 µm 3 grating was inscribed within 4.5 minutes, corresponding to a 4.1 mm 3 /h throughput and achieving ∼77% diffraction efficiency at 633 nm.

Analysis of temperature distribution in a two‑ and three‑layer partition using FBG sensors

2025-06-24

Anna Satława | MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE

Strain Monitoring of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Tower Using Fiber Bragg Gratings

2025-06-24

Bastien Van Esbeen , Valentin Manto , Damien Kinet +2 more | Sensors

This article presents the findings of an experimental study conducted on a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) tower instrumented with cascaded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to detect bending deformations. … This article presents the findings of an experimental study conducted on a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) tower instrumented with cascaded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to detect bending deformations. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an essential need in the industry to reduce costs and maintenance time, and to prevent machine failures. First, FBG strain sensors were glued vertically along the tower to investigate the sensors behavior as a function of their height. The maximum signal-to-noise ratio is obtained when FBGs are placed at the tower base. Then, four packages were installed inside the tower, at the base, according to four cardinal directions. Each package contains an FBG strain sensor, and an extra temperature FBG for discrimination. The use of easy-to-deploy packages is a must for industrial installations. Afterwards, by using power spectral density (PSD) on the strain signals, three sources of tower oscillations are discovered: wind force, structure unbalance, and 1st tower mode resonance, each with its intrinsic frequency. Wind force and structure unbalance cause mechanical stresses at a frequency proportional to the wind turbine rotational speed, while the 1st tower mode frequency depends only on the machine geometry, regardless of the rotational speed. This study also analyzes the deformation amplitude for different rotational rates within the VAWT operational range (10–35 rpm). The resonance amplitude depends on the proximity of the rotational rate to the resonant frequency (22 rpm) and the duration at that rate. For structure unbalance, the oscillation amplitude increases with the rotational rate, due to the centrifugal effect. It is supposed that wind force deformation amplitude naturally depends on wind speed, which is unpredictable at a given precise time. The results of our experimental observations are very valuable for both the wind turbine manufacturer and owner.

Thermally stable, high-sensitivity π-phase shifted long period fiber gratings near turn around point for dual parameter sensing

2025-06-24

R. Mahakud , Sushil Kumar , Jitendra Kumar +2 more | Applied Physics B

A High-Sensitivity U-Shaped Optical Fiber SPR Sensor Based on ITO Coating

2025-06-23

Congqi Ye , Zhibo Li , Wenhao Kang +1 more | Sensors

This paper proposes a high-sensitivity U-shaped optical fiber sensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO) for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. Finite element simulations reveal that introducing ITO enhances the … This paper proposes a high-sensitivity U-shaped optical fiber sensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO) for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. Finite element simulations reveal that introducing ITO enhances the surface electric field strength by 1.15× compared to conventional designs, directly boosting sensitivity. The U-shaped structure optimizes evanescent wave–metal film interaction, further improving performance. In an external refractive index (RI) range of 1.334–1.374 RIU, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 4333 nm/RIU (1.85× higher than traditional fiber sensors) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 21.7 RIU−1 (1.68× improvement). Repeatability tests show a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.4236% for RI measurements, with a maximum error of 0.00018 RIU, confirming excellent stability. The ITO coating’s strong adhesion ensures long-term reliability. With its simple structure, ease of fabrication, and superior sensitivity/FOM, this SPR sensor is well-suited for high-precision biochemical detection in intelligent sensing systems.

A Self-Adaptive K-SVD Denoising Algorithm for Fiber Bragg Grating Spectral Signals

2025-06-23

Hang Gao , Xiaojia Liu , Da Qiu +7 more | Symmetry

In fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing demodulation systems, high-precision peak detection is a core requirement for demodulation algorithms. However, practical spectral signals are often susceptible to environmental noise interference, which … In fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing demodulation systems, high-precision peak detection is a core requirement for demodulation algorithms. However, practical spectral signals are often susceptible to environmental noise interference, which leads to significant degradation in the accuracy of traditional demodulation methods. This study proposes a self-adaptive K-SVD (SAK-SVD) denoising algorithm based on adaptive window parameter optimization, establishing a closed-loop iterative feedback mechanism through dual iterations between dictionary learning and parameter adjustment. This approach achieves a synergistic enhancement of noise suppression and signal fidelity. First, a dictionary learning framework based on K-SVD is constructed for initial denoising, and the peak feature region is extracted by differentiating the denoised signals. By constructing statistics on the number of sign changes, an adaptive adjustment model for the window size is established. This model dynamically tunes the window parameters in dictionary learning for iterative denoising, establishing a closed-loop architecture that integrates denoising evaluation with parameter optimization. The performance of SAK-SVD is evaluated through three experimental scenarios, demonstrating that SAK-SVD overcomes the rigid parameter limitations of traditional K-SVD in FBG spectral processing, enhances denoising performance, and thereby improves wavelength demodulation accuracy. For denoising undistorted waveforms, the optimal mean absolute error (MAE) decreases to 0.300 pm, representing a 25% reduction compared to the next-best method. For distorted waveforms, the optimal MAE drops to 3.9 pm, achieving a 63.38% reduction compared to the next-best method. This study provides both theoretical and technical support for high-precision fiber-optic sensing under complex working conditions. Crucially, the SAK-SVD framework establishes a universal, adaptive denoising paradigm for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing. This paradigm has direct applicability to Raman spectroscopy, industrial ultrasound-based non-destructive testing, and biomedical signal enhancement (e.g., ECG artefact removal), thereby advancing high-precision measurement capabilities across photonics and engineering domains.

Switchable and tunable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on hollow core anti-resonant fiber

2025-06-22

Xiaohui Ma , Chuchen Li , Chao Song +7 more | Optics & Laser Technology

Detection range adjustable D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensor: a comparative study on materials effect

2025-06-21

L.L. Ji , Zihong Zhao , Honggang Pan +5 more | Applied Physics B

Enhancing Fiber-Optic SPR sensor performance using principal components analysis

2025-06-21

Bong-Geon Hong , Junlan Zhong , Xiangyang Zheng +6 more | Optics & Laser Technology

An Innovative Noise Reduction Algorithm for 5G Millimeter-Wave Monitoring of Urban Bridge Micro-Deformation

2025-06-20

Haiqian Wu , Runjie Wang , Xianglei Liu +2 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> The monitoring of urban bridge micro-deformation is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of bridge, preventing disasters, and improving construction efficiency. However, existing monitoring methods face challenges such as … <title>Abstract</title> The monitoring of urban bridge micro-deformation is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of bridge, preventing disasters, and improving construction efficiency. However, existing monitoring methods face challenges such as difficult deployment, maintenance, low precision, and low frequency, making it hard to obtain dynamic deflection data of urban bridge. In recent years, millimeter waves emitted and received by 5G base stations, with their non-contact, high-frequency, and 7×24 all-day advantages, have begun to be applied to the high-dynamic monitoring of urban bridge dynamic deflection. Nevertheless, 5G millimeter wave monitoring is susceptible to noise due to complex environmental factors, leading to unreliable dynamic deflection information of bridge. Therefore, based on the analysis of noise sources and propagation characteristics in the monitoring process, this paper proposes an Improved Second Order Blind Identification (I-SOBI) algorithm to enhance the accuracy of 5G millimeter wave monitoring by mitigating the issues caused by the linear correlation of original signals. The I-SOBI algorithm can recover source signals from noisy ones that exhibit nonlinear characteristics or are non-Gaussian distributed. It not only preserves the contribution of useful information from the separated signals during the reconstruction process but also achieves the goal of reducing the impact of noisy components on the reconstructed results. Furthermore, through simulation experiments and practical experiments applying 5G millimeter wave monitoring to bridge dynamic deflection, the effectiveness and feasibility of this method are verified. The research methods presented in this paper can improve the accuracy of 5G millimeter wave monitoring for urban bridge dynamic deflection, providing a reliable basis for structural health assessment.

Dual-channel measurement of refractive index and temperature using a fan-shaped plastic optical fiber SPR sensor

2025-06-20

Zhitao Yang , Feng Zhao , Lingzui Wei +3 more | Optics & Laser Technology

Optimal beam displacement measurements using high-order structured light modes

2025-06-20

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical Review Applied

DeepRS: Deep Neural Network-based In-service Rayleigh-Scattering Monitoring in Bidirectional Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems

2025-06-20

Tianfeng Zhao , Yihan Wang , Mingming Tan +4 more | Optics Express

Reduced matrix mKdV integable modes and their symmetry hierarchies

2025-06-20

Wen‐Xiu Ma | International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics

Nano-Ag film coated balloon-type fiber optic pressure sensor for simultaneous detection of liquid density and temperature

2025-06-19

Zhixin Gao , Shijun Li , Xiangju Qin +6 more | Journal of Modern Optics

Temperature Estimation Method on Optic–Electric Composite Submarine Power Cable Based on Optical Fiber Distributed Sensing

2025-06-19

Chao Luo , Zhitao Feng , Yihua Zhu +5 more | Photonics

The status of an optic–electric composite high-voltage submarine cable (referred to as submarine cable) can be monitored based on optical fiber-distributed sensing technology, and at the same time, no additional … The status of an optic–electric composite high-voltage submarine cable (referred to as submarine cable) can be monitored based on optical fiber-distributed sensing technology, and at the same time, no additional sensor is needed in the monitoring system. Currently, this technology is widely used in submarine cable monitoring systems. To estimate the temperatures of conductor and XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation of the submarine cable based on the ambient temperature and optical fiber temperature, the thermoelectric coupling field model of the 110 kV single-core submarine cable is established and validated. The thermoelectric coupling field models of the submarine cable with different values of ambient temperature and ampacity are built, and the influence of ambient temperature and ampacity on the temperatures of conductor, insulation and optical fiber is investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between the temperatures of the conductor and insulation and the ambient temperature and optical fiber temperature is obtained. Then, estimation formulas for temperatures of conductor and insulation of submarine cable according to ambient temperature and optical fiber temperature are obtained and preliminarily validated. This work lays the foundation for condition evaluation of the submarine cable insulation, life expectancy and maximum allowable ampacity estimation.

Phase distortion suppression for phase-sensitive OTDR using time-slotted pulse

2025-06-19

Yu Wang , Yinqi Fan , Junhong Wang +4 more | Optical Fiber Technology

Ultrasensitive humidity sensors based on Vernier effect with sensing Fabry–Perot interferometer of polyimide and graphene quantum dots

2025-06-19

Wenbo Jiang , Simei Sun , Fulin Chen +6 more | Infrared Physics & Technology

Fiber-optic temperature sensor coated with PDMS thermo-gel film based on etched SMEDS structure

2025-06-18

Huijing Wei , Xu Wang , Fang Wang | Optical Fiber Technology

Research on an identical weak FBGs array sensor towards large-area flexible pressure sensing

2025-06-18

T.T. Zhang , Peijun Cong , Jing Jia +6 more | Optics & Laser Technology

Research on a Novel Packaging Configuration for a Wearable Flexible FBG Sensor

2025-06-18

Xin Li , Yuze Gong , Yuhang Jia +3 more | Optics Communications

980 nm highly GeO2-doped fiber Raman laser directly pumped by a 940 nm multimode laser diode

2025-06-18

Junjie Ma , Ke Dong , Ning Wang +6 more | Optics Letters

Fermentation endpoint detection of Soybean using specially designed Pd-coated FBG stress sensor

2025-06-18

Jawad Mirza , Ahmad Atieh , Benish Kanwal +3 more | Frontiers in Physics

Determining the fermentation endpoint of organic compounds is critical for optimizing yield, ensuring the product consistency, and minimizing byproducts. However, conventional detection methods are slow, labor-intensive, and lack real-time monitoring, … Determining the fermentation endpoint of organic compounds is critical for optimizing yield, ensuring the product consistency, and minimizing byproducts. However, conventional detection methods are slow, labor-intensive, and lack real-time monitoring, limiting their suitability for industrial automation. We propose a novel, non-destructive method for real-time detection of fermentation endpoint of Soybean using Palladium <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m2"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> -coated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) stress sensor. The fermentation endpoint can be detected by monitoring the shift in Bragg wavelength caused by the stress in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> -coated FBG sensor due to the volume expansion of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> coating upon the formation of Palladium Hydride <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m5"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> after Hydrogen <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m6"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> gas absorption, which is released as a byproduct during Soybean fermentation. The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m7"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> -coated FBG stress sensor is analytically designed and validated using OptiSystem simulation tool, achieving a high sensitivity of 61.6 p.m./MPa. Our findings confirm that this method provides a simple, efficient, and real-time solution for monitoring the fermentation process of organic compounds that produce <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m8"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> offering significant advantages over traditional techniques.

A Highly Sensitive Dual-Core Micro-Nano Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor with Perovskite Coatings Based on Lossy Mode Resonance

2025-06-18

Leilei Ma , Yi Du , Z.P. Fan +4 more | Plasmonics

Optical frequency domain reflectometer based on spectral segmented normalized cross correlation

2025-06-18

Kaijun Liu , Guolu Yin , Yuyang Lou +2 more | Optics & Laser Technology

Fiber-optic technologies for real-time monitoring of coastal landslides: a review of their role in early warning systems

2025-06-18

Ahmed Cemiloglu , Jin Chengyong , Fei Teng +4 more | Frontiers in Earth Science

Effective early warning systems are crucial for mitigating the risks of landslides in vulnerable coastal areas. With the increasing frequency of coastal landslides, precise monitoring solutions are essential for timely … Effective early warning systems are crucial for mitigating the risks of landslides in vulnerable coastal areas. With the increasing frequency of coastal landslides, precise monitoring solutions are essential for timely interventions. This review addresses real-time monitoring by fiber-optic technologies, which offer high precision, rapid data acquisition, and adaptability, making them a promising solution. Fiber-optics provide continuous, real-time data for early detection of ground movements, unlike traditional methods that struggle with spatial and temporal coverage. Fiber-optic sensors cover large areas and maintain a high frequency, allowing for a detailed assessment of landslide behavior. This review highlights successful implementations of fiber-optic monitoring in both lab and field settings, showcasing their versatility and effectiveness. This review demonstrates the significant contributions of fiber-optic technologies in improving landslide monitoring and risk management. By enabling timely and accurate data collection, these sensors enhance early warning systems and trigger proactive responses to protect lives and infrastructure. Additionally, their use aids in understanding landslides, developing effective mitigation strategies, and land use planning, ultimately strengthening the resilience 22 of coastal communities.

A novel fibre-optic pore pressure sensor for soil element testing

2025-06-17

C. Chao , Luis J. Parra-Gómez , Stefano Muraro +2 more | Géotechnique Letters

Interpretation of element testing in soil mechanics can be enhanced to a large extent with the use of local pressure measurements, helping in quantifying the consequences of non-uniform stress, strain, … Interpretation of element testing in soil mechanics can be enhanced to a large extent with the use of local pressure measurements, helping in quantifying the consequences of non-uniform stress, strain, and pore pressure fields within the sample. Available diaphragm pressure transducers can be useful to this aim; however, they suffer from several limitations. A novel Fabry–Pérot fibre-optic sensor for local measurement of pore water pressure within the sample is presented and discussed. The sensor addresses several limitations of current mid-plane diaphragm transducers, including long-term drifting, temperature sensitivity, and maintenance difficulties. The new sensor offers significant advantages in terms of reduced sample disturbance, data acquisition frequency, and response time.

Double D-type high-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber optic sensor based on water pollution detection

2025-06-17

Hua Wang , Jingya Zhao , S. Chen +5 more | Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Backward Brillouin Three-parameter Sensing Simulation Based on Multicore Optical Fibers

2025-06-17

Donghe Sheng , Yunlong Chang , Zhe Han +2 more | Optics Express

Erbium-doped fiber optical source for IFOG: spectrum dependence on pump wavelength

2025-06-17

Gabriel Aguiar Nunes , Nicolau Rodrigues , João M. S. Sakamoto | Applied Optics

Switchable Dual-Wavelength Ho-Doped Fiber Laser Using Thin Core Fiber Filter Operating at the Extended 2 µm Wavelength Region

2025-06-17

H. Ahmad , Khalil Kamaruzzaman , M.Z. Samion | Physica Scripta

Abstract This work presents the demonstration of a switchable dual-wavelength Holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) utilizing a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) based on a thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). The TCFF was fabricated … Abstract This work presents the demonstration of a switchable dual-wavelength Holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) utilizing a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) based on a thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). The TCFF was fabricated by core-offset splicing both ends of a 6 cm UHNA3 fiber with single-mode fibers (SMF). The wavelength spacing of the comb spectrum of the TCFF was measured to be 3.48 nm. A dual-wavelength lasing was achieved after integrating the TCFF into an HDFL cavity. The lasings started at 2082.1 nm and 2085.6 nm with a 3.50 nm spacing between each peak. The OSNR for both peaks is more than 41 dB. The laser's emission pair can be switched to other wavelengths, ranging from 2065.8 nm to 2089.5 nm. To the author's knowledge, this work is the first to present switchable dual-wavelength in HDFL using a TCFF. The demonstrated switchable dual-wavelength HDFL in the extended 2 µm region provides new possibilities for applications in sensing, spectroscopy, and other fields requiring precise multiwavelength sources.

Equivalent eigenvalue approach to nonlinear plane waves revealing nonlinearity-induced bandgap opening and closing phenomena

2025-06-16

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Femtosecond laser inscription of chirped and tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings in double-cladding ytterbium-doped fiber

2025-06-16

Xinyu Ye , Qiushi Qin , Meng Wang +5 more | Optics Express

Optical Fiber-Based Structural Health Monitoring: Advancements, Applications, and Integration with Artificial Intelligence for Civil and Urban Infrastructure

2025-06-16

Nikita V. Golovastikov , Nikolay L. Kazanskiy , Svetlana N. Khonina | Photonics

Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, durability, and performance of civil infrastructure. This review delves into the significant advancements in optical fiber sensor (OFS) … Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, durability, and performance of civil infrastructure. This review delves into the significant advancements in optical fiber sensor (OFS) technologies such as Fiber Bragg Gratings, Distributed Temperature Sensing, and Brillouin-based systems, which have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing SHM capabilities. Offering high sensitivity, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and real-time distributed monitoring, these sensors present a superior alternative to conventional methods. This paper also explores the integration of OFSs with Artificial Intelligence (AI), which enables automated damage detection, intelligent data analysis, and predictive maintenance. Through case studies across key infrastructure domains, including bridges, tunnels, high-rise buildings, pipelines, and offshore structures, the review demonstrates the adaptability and scalability of these sensor systems. Moreover, the role of SHM is examined within the broader context of civil and urban infrastructure, where IoT connectivity, AI-driven analytics, and big data platforms converge to create intelligent and responsive infrastructure. While challenges remain, such as installation complexity, calibration issues, and cost, ongoing innovation in hybrid sensor networks, low-power systems, and edge computing points to a promising future. This paper offers a comprehensive amalgamation of current progress and future directions, outlining a strategic path for next-generation SHM in resilient urban environments.

Review of Brillouin Distributed Sensing for Structural Monitoring in Transportation Infrastructure

2025-06-16

Bin Lv , Yun-Qiao Peng , Jianqing Wu +2 more | Infrastructures

Distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) is an advanced tool for structural health monitoring (SHM), offering high precision, wide measurement range, and real-time as well as long-term monitoring capabilities. It enables … Distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) is an advanced tool for structural health monitoring (SHM), offering high precision, wide measurement range, and real-time as well as long-term monitoring capabilities. It enables real-time monitoring of both temperature and strain information along the entire optical fiber line, providing a novel approach for safety monitoring and structural health assessment in transportation engineering. This paper first introduces the fundamental principles and classifications of DOFS technology and then systematically reviews the current research progress on Brillouin scattering-based DOFS. By analyzing the monitoring requirements of various types of transportation infrastructure, this paper discusses the applications and challenges of this technology in SHM and damage detection for roads, bridges, tunnels, and other infrastructure, particularly in identifying and tracking cracks, deformations, and localized damage. This review highlights the significant potential and promising prospects of Brillouin scattering technology in transportation engineering. Nevertheless, further research is needed to optimize sensing system performance and promote its widespread application in this field. These findings provide valuable references for future research and technological development.

Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review

2025-06-15

Dalya H. Abbas , Hanan J. Taher , Bushra R. Mahdi | Iraqi Journal of Laser

Surface Plasmon sensor is commonly used in chemistry, biologic, and environments nursing. This type of sensor display strange sympathy depends on surfaces Plasmon resonance (SPRs) or localize surfaces Plasmon resonance … Surface Plasmon sensor is commonly used in chemistry, biologic, and environments nursing. This type of sensor display strange sympathy depends on surfaces Plasmon resonance (SPRs) or localize surfaces Plasmon resonance (LSPRs) effect, which have a commercial application. In this review, we present current progressing in the fields of surfaces plasmatic sensor, principally in the configuration of planar Meta structure and optical-fiber waveguide. In the Meta structures platforms, the optical sensor depend on LSPRs, hyperbolic dispersions, Fanon resonance, and two-dimension (2Ds) material integrations are presented. The optical-fiber sensor integration with LSPRs/SPRs structure and 2D material are summarizing. In addition, we introduced the current advance in quantum plasmatic sensors beyond the classic shot noisy limitation. The challenge and opportunity in this arena is deliberated. The LSPRs biosensor, enabling Nano scale limitation and manipulations of lights, compromise the enhance sensitivity and electromagnetics energies localizations. The combination of LSPRs and fibers-optics techniques is managed to progress the sensors compacts to reduction and remotes recognizing. These comprehensive reviews explore numerous sensors configuration, fibers categories, and geometric outlines, highlight their benefit in term of sensitivities, integrations, and performances improvements. The fabrication technique effort on non-chemical bond strategy and self-assemble of nanoparticle discusses and provide controlling over nanostructures morphologies and enhanced the sensors performances. Bio-application of fiber-optics LSPRs (FOLSPRs) sensor is comprehensive, definitely in bio-molecular interaction and analyze of protein, pathogen and cell, nucleic acid (DNAs and RNAs). Surfaces modifications and recognition structures are emphasizing for their probable in label-free and real-times bio senses. The challenge and prospect of FOLSPRs sensor is addresses, with the development in sensitivities, fabrications technology, and measurements reliabilities. Integrations with developing technology like Nano-material is highlight as a capable directions for upcoming researches. These reviews provide insight into the advancement and possible application of FOLSPRs sensor, pavement the technique for sensitive and adaptable optical bio-sense platform in several arenas. e

Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Dual Peak Plasmonic Tapered D-shaped PM-PCF Coated with Gold Nano-Structures

2025-06-15

Suaad Sahib Hindal , Zainb F. Al-Bawai , Aseel I. Mahmood | Iraqi Journal of Laser

his paper uses the finite element method (FEM) to study a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor based on D-shaped Polarization Maintain Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM-PCF). A chemically stable … his paper uses the finite element method (FEM) to study a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor based on D-shaped Polarization Maintain Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM-PCF). A chemically stable plasmonic material, gold (Au), with hemispherical structures having a radius of 50 nm, is applied to the surface of a D-shaped sensor to create the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, enabling this SPR sensor to detect variation in the surrounding analyte refractive index (RI). The resonance condition will change when the refractive index of the targeted analyte changes, leading to a certain shift in the loss peak. Two resonant peaks are observed, one located in the visible part of the spectrum, and the second in the near-infrared region.Our suggested design offers a high wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 5176 nm/RIU and the spectral resolution for this sensor is 1.93 x 10-5RIU, for y-polarization. For x-polarization, the wavelength sensitivity of the 1st and 2nd peaks are 1058 nm/RIU and 3764 nm/RIU, respectively. The spectral resolution for the 1st and 2nd peaks is 9.45x 10-5RIU and 2.65x 10-5RIU, respectively in the high sensing range of 1.34 to 1.41 RIU. The results show that this improves the sensor’s ability to detect the refractive index. The proposed SPR sensor designhas high sensitivity, high resolution, and high linearity, a promising result that could be used in environmental monitoring, biological detection, physical sensors, and chemical analysis.