Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Advanced DC-DC Converters

Works Count: 78094

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers covers advancements in power electronics and conversion systems, focusing on topics such as DC-DC converters, high-frequency power conversion, integration of renewable energy sources, solid-state transformers, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, isolated bidirectional converters, switched-capacitor circuits, voltage boosting techniques, and digital control methods.

Keywords

Power Electronics; DC-DC Converters; High-Frequency Power Conversion; Renewable Energy Integration; Solid-State Transformers; Electric Vehicle Charging; Isolated Bidirectional Converters; Switched-Capacitor Circuits; Voltage Boosting Techniques; Digital Control

Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook

2004-03-31

Colonel Wm. T. McLyman

Fundamentals of Magnetics. Magnetic Materials and Their Characteristics. Magnetic Cores, Iron Alloy and Ferrites. Window Utilization and Magnet Wire. Transformer-Inductor Design. Transformer-Inductor Efficiency, Regulation, and Temperature Rise. Power Transformer Design. … Fundamentals of Magnetics. Magnetic Materials and Their Characteristics. Magnetic Cores, Iron Alloy and Ferrites. Window Utilization and Magnet Wire. Transformer-Inductor Design. Transformer-Inductor Efficiency, Regulation, and Temperature Rise. Power Transformer Design. DC Inductor Design Gap Core. DC Inductor Design Powder Core. AC Inductor Design. Constant Voltage Transformer Design (CVT). Three Phase Transformer Design. Flyback Converter Design. Forward Converter Transformer and Inductor Design. Input Filter Design. Current Transformer Design. Winding Capacitance and Leakage Inductance. Quiet Converter Design. Rotary Transformer Design. Planar Transformers. Derivation for the Design Equations. Index.

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

2020-01-01

Robert W. Erickson , Dragan Maksimović

Efficiency-Optimized High-Current Dual Active Bridge Converter for Automotive Applications

2011-02-09

Florian Krismer , Johann W. Kolar

An efficiency-optimized modulation scheme and design method are developed for an existing hardware prototype of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter. The DAB being considered is used for … An efficiency-optimized modulation scheme and design method are developed for an existing hardware prototype of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter. The DAB being considered is used for an automotive application and is made up of a high-voltage port with port voltage V 1 , 240 V ≤ V 1 ≤ 450 V, and a low-voltage port with port voltage V 2 , 11 V ≤ V 2 ≤ 16 V; the rated output power is 2 kW. A much increased converter efficiency is achieved with the methods detailed in this paper: The average efficiency, calculated for different voltages V 1 and V 2 , different power levels, and both directions of power transfer, rises from 89.6% (conventional phase shift modulation) to 93.5% (proposed modulation scheme). Measured efficiency values, obtained from the DAB hardware prototype, are used to verify the theoretical results.

Overview of Dual-Active-Bridge Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for High-Frequency-Link Power-Conversion System

2013-11-19

Biao Zhao , Qiang Song , Wenhua Liu +1 more

High-frequency-link (HFL) power conversion systems (PCSs) are attracting more and more attentions in academia and industry for high power density, reduced weight, and low noise without compromising efficiency, cost, and … High-frequency-link (HFL) power conversion systems (PCSs) are attracting more and more attentions in academia and industry for high power density, reduced weight, and low noise without compromising efficiency, cost, and reliability. In HFL PCSs, dual-active-bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) serves as the core circuit. This paper gives an overview of DAB-IBDC for HFL PCSs. First, the research necessity and development history are introduced. Second, the research subjects about basic characterization, control strategy, soft-switching solution and variant, as well as hardware design and optimization are reviewed and analyzed. On this basis, several typical application schemes of DAB-IBDC for HPL PCSs are presented in a worldwide scope. Finally, design recommendations and future trends are presented. As the core circuit of HFL PCSs, DAB-IBDC has wide prospects. The large-scale practical application of DAB-IBDC for HFL PCSs is expected with the recent advances in solid-state semiconductors, magnetic and capacitive materials, and microelectronic technologies.

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The resonant DC link converter-a new concept in static power conversion

1989-01-01

D.M. Divan

A novel approach to realizing efficient high-performance power converters is presented. The concept of a resonant DC link inverter has been proposed and realized with the addition of only one … A novel approach to realizing efficient high-performance power converters is presented. The concept of a resonant DC link inverter has been proposed and realized with the addition of only one small inductor and capacitor to a conventional voltage source inverter circuit. The proposed technology is capable of switching almost an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art voltage source inverters at significantly improved efficiencies using the same family of devices. The topology is especially suitable for high-power applications using gate turn-off devices. A 4.5 kW inverter has been fabricated and tested extensively in the laboratory, and the superior characteristics of the resonant DC link topology have been verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

One-cycle control of switching converters

1995-11-01

Keyue Smedley , S. Ćuk

A new large-signal nonlinear control technique is proposed to control the duty-ratio d of a switch such that in each cycle the average value of a switched variable of the … A new large-signal nonlinear control technique is proposed to control the duty-ratio d of a switch such that in each cycle the average value of a switched variable of the switching converter is exactly equal to or proportional to the control reference in the steady-state or in a transient. One-cycle control rejects power source perturbations in one switching cycle; the average value of the switched variable follows the dynamic reference in one switching cycle; and the controller corrects switching errors in one switching cycle. There is no steady-state error nor dynamic error between the control reference and the average value of the switched variable. Experiments with a constant frequency buck converter have demonstrated the robustness of the control method and verified the theoretical predictions. This new control method is very general and applicable to all types of pulse-width-modulated, resonant-based, or soft-switched switching converters for either voltage or current control in continuous or discontinuous conduction mode. Furthermore, it can be used to control any physical variable or abstract signal that is in the form of a switched variable or can be converted to the form of a switched variable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

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High-efficiency, high step-up DC-DC converters

2003-01-01

Qun Zhao , F.C. Lee

Many applications call for high step-up DC-DC converters that do not require isolation. Some DC-DC converters can provide high step-up voltage gain, but with the penalty of either an extreme … Many applications call for high step-up DC-DC converters that do not require isolation. Some DC-DC converters can provide high step-up voltage gain, but with the penalty of either an extreme duty ratio or a large amount of circulating energy. DC-DC converters with coupled inductors can provide high voltage gain, but their efficiency is degraded by the losses associated with leakage inductors. Converters with active clamps recycle the leakage energy at the price of increasing topology complexity. A family of high-efficiency, high step-up DC-DC converters with simple topologies is proposed in this paper. The proposed converters, which use diodes and coupled windings instead of active switches to realize functions similar to those of active clamps, perform better than their active-clamp counterparts. High efficiency is achieved because the leakage energy is recycled and the output rectifier reverse-recovery problem is alleviated.

Analysis and Optimization of Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters

2008-03-01

Michael D. Seeman , Seth R. Sanders

Analysis methods are developed that fully determine a switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter's steady-state performance through evaluation of its output impedance. This analysis method has been verified through simulation and experimentation. … Analysis methods are developed that fully determine a switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter's steady-state performance through evaluation of its output impedance. This analysis method has been verified through simulation and experimentation. The simple formulation developed permits optimization of the capacitor sizes to meet a constraint such as a total capacitance or total energy storage limit, and also permits optimization of the switch sizes subject to constraints on total switch conductances or total switch volt-ampere (V-A) products. These optimizations then permit comparison among several switched-capacitor topologies, and comparisons of SC converters with conventional magnetic-based dc-dc converter circuits, in the context of various application settings. Significantly, the performance (based on conduction loss) of a ladder-type converter is found to be superior to that of a conventional magnetic-based converter for medium to high conversion ratios.

A general unified approach to modelling switching-converter power stages

1976-06-01

R.D. Middlebrook , S. Ćuk

A method for modelling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting point is the unified state-space representation of the switched networks and whose end result is either a complete state-space … A method for modelling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting point is the unified state-space representation of the switched networks and whose end result is either a complete state-space description or its equivalent small-signal low-frequency linear circuit model. A new canonical circuit model is proposed, whose fixed topology contains all the essential input-output and control properties of any dc-to-dc switching converter, regardless of its detailed configuration, and by which different converters can be characterized in the form of a table conveniently stored in a computer data bank to provide a useful tool for computer aided design and optimization. The new canonical circuit model predicts that, in general;switching action introduces both zeros and poles into the duty ratio to output transfer function in addition to those from the effective filter network.

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Eliminate Reactive Power and Increase System Efficiency of Isolated Bidirectional Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters Using Novel Dual-Phase-Shift Control

2008-11-01

Hua Bai , Chris Mi

This paper proposes a novel dual-phase-shift (DPS) control strategy for a dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. The proposed DPS control consists of a phase shift between the primary and secondary … This paper proposes a novel dual-phase-shift (DPS) control strategy for a dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. The proposed DPS control consists of a phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages of the isolation transformer, and a phase shift between the gate signals of the diagonal switches of each H-bridge. Simulation on a 600-V/5-kW prototype shows that the DPS control has excellent dynamic and static performance compared to the traditional phase-shift control (single phase shift). In this paper, the concept of ldquoreactive powerrdquo is defined, and the corresponding equations are derived for isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. It is shown that the reactive power in traditional phase-shift control is inherent, and is the main factor contributing to large peak current and large system loss. The DPS control can eliminate reactive power in isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. In addition, the DPS control can decrease the peak inrush current and steady-state current, improve system efficiency, increase system power capability (by 33%), and minimize the output capacitance as compared to the traditional phase-shift control. The soft-switching range and the influence of short-time-scale factors, such as deadband and system-level safe operation area, are also discussed in detail. Under certain operation conditions, deadband compensation can be implemented easily in the DPS control without a current sensor.

A new mathematical model and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter

1997-01-01

V. Blasko , V. Kaura

A new mathematical model of the power circuit of a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) was developed in the stationary and synchronous reference frames. The mathematical model was then used … A new mathematical model of the power circuit of a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) was developed in the stationary and synchronous reference frames. The mathematical model was then used to analyze and synthesize the voltage and current control loops for the VSC. Analytical expressions were derived for calculating the gains and time constants of the current and voltage regulators. The mathematical model was used to control a 140-kW regenerative VSC. The synchronous reference-frame model was used to define feedforward signals in the current regulators to eliminate the cross coupling between the d and q phases. It allowed the reduction of the current control loops to first-order plants and improved their tracking capability. The bandwidths of the current and voltage-control loops were found to be approximately 20 and 60 times (respectively) smaller than the sampling frequency. All control algorithms were implemented in a digital signal processor. All results of the analysis were experimentally verified.

An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With Decoupled Power Flow Management

2008-09-01

Chuanhong Zhao , S.D. Round , Johann W. Kolar

An isolated three-port bidirectional dc-dc converter composed of three full-bridge cells and a high-frequency transformer is proposed in this paper. Besides the phase shift control managing the power flow between … An isolated three-port bidirectional dc-dc converter composed of three full-bridge cells and a high-frequency transformer is proposed in this paper. Besides the phase shift control managing the power flow between the ports, utilization of the duty cycle control for optimizing the system behavior is discussed and the control laws ensuring the minimum overall system losses are studied. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis and associated control design are presented. A control-oriented converter model is developed and the Bode plots of the control-output transfer functions are given. A control strategy with the decoupled power flow management is implemented to obtain fast dynamic response. Finally, a 1.5 kW prototype has been built to verify all theoretical considerations. The proposed topology and control is particularly relevant to multiple voltage electrical systems in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy generation systems.

Novel zero-voltage-transition PWM converters

1994-03-01

Guichao Hua , Ching-Shan Leu , Yimin Jiang +1 more

To date, soft-switching techniques applied to the PWM converters, with the exception of a few isolated cases, are subjected to either high switch voltage stresses or high switch current stresses, … To date, soft-switching techniques applied to the PWM converters, with the exception of a few isolated cases, are subjected to either high switch voltage stresses or high switch current stresses, or both. A new class of zero-voltage-transition PWM converters is proposed, where both the transistor and the rectifier operate with zero-voltage switching and are subjected to minimum voltage and current stresses. Breadboarded converters are constructed to verify the novelty of the proposed new family of converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

High-frequency digital PWM controller IC for DC-DC converters

2003-01-01

B.J. Patella , Aleksandar Prodić , A. Zirger +1 more

This paper describes a complete digital PWM controller IC for high-frequency switching converters. Novel architecture and configurations of the key building blocks are A/D converter, compensator, and digital pulse-width modulator, … This paper describes a complete digital PWM controller IC for high-frequency switching converters. Novel architecture and configurations of the key building blocks are A/D converter, compensator, and digital pulse-width modulator, are introduced to meet the requirements of tight output voltage regulation, high-speed dynamic response, and programmability without external passive components. The implementation techniques are experimentally verified on a prototype chip that takes less than 1 mm/sup 2/ of silicon area in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/ digital complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and operates at the switching frequency of 1 MHz.

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Generalized averaging method for power conversion circuits

1991-04-01

S.R. Sanders , J.M. Noworolski , X.Z. Liu +1 more

A more general averaging procedure that encompasses state-space averaging and that is potentially applicable to a much broader class of circuits and systems is presented. Examples of its application in … A more general averaging procedure that encompasses state-space averaging and that is potentially applicable to a much broader class of circuits and systems is presented. Examples of its application in resonant and PWM power convertors are presented. The technique is shown to be effective on a number of examples. including resonant type converters. The approach offers refinements to the theory of state-space averaging, permitting a framework for analysis and design when small ripple conditions do not hold. The method may find applications in simulation and design since it is considerably easier to simulate an averaged model than a switched model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

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A New ZVS Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Fuel Cell and Battery Application

2004-01-01

Fang Zheng Peng , Hua Li , G.-J. Su +1 more

This paper presents a new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional dc-dc converter. Compared to the traditional full and half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converters for the similar applications, the new topology has the … This paper presents a new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional dc-dc converter. Compared to the traditional full and half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converters for the similar applications, the new topology has the advantages of simple circuit topology with no total device rating (TDR) penalty, soft-switching implementation without additional devices, high efficiency and simple control. These advantages make the new converter promising for medium and high power applications especially for auxiliary power supply in fuel cell vehicles and power generation where the high power density, low cost, lightweight and high reliability power converters are required. The operating principle, theoretical analysis, and design guidelines are provided in this paper. The simulation and the experimental verifications are also presented.

Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input voltage conditions

1999-01-01

Hong-Seok Song , Kwanghee Nam

Voltage unbalance in a three-phase system causes performance deterioration of PWM power converters by producing 120 Hz voltage ripples in the DC link and by increasing the reactive power. To … Voltage unbalance in a three-phase system causes performance deterioration of PWM power converters by producing 120 Hz voltage ripples in the DC link and by increasing the reactive power. To eliminate the DC link voltage ripple and the DC component of the reactive power, both positive- and negative-sequence currents should be controlled simultaneously, according to the paper by Rioual et al (1996). The authors used two synchronous reference frames: a positive-sequence current regulated by a proportional integral (PI) controller in a positive synchronous reference frame (SRF); and a negative-sequence current regulated by a PI controller in a negative SRF. In the positive SRF, which rotates counterclockwise, the positive sequence appears as DC, while the negative sequence appears as 120 Hz. In contrast, in the negative SRF, which rotates clockwise, the negative sequence appears as DC, while the positive sequence appears as 120 Hz. By deleting 120 Hz components using a notch filter in each SRF, one can measure positive- and negative-sequence currents separately, and use them for constructing two feedback controllers. Since the negative-sequence current is also controlled in its own SRF by a DC command, this approach yields better performance without increasing the control gain. Note that, since the controller is implemented by a software routine in the digital signal professor chip, using two SRFs does not require additional hardware. The authors demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme by using computer simulation and experiments.

Performance Evaluation of Bridgeless PFC Boost Rectifiers

2008-05-01

László Huber , Yungtaek Jang , M.M. Jovanovic

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional … <para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional PFC boost rectifier and a representative member of the bridgeless PFC boost rectifier family is performed. Loss analysis and experimental efficiency evaluation for both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided. </para>

A boost DC-AC converter: analysis, design, and experimentation

1999-01-01

Rafaela Cáceres , Ivo Barbi

This paper proposes a new voltage source inverter (VSI) referred to as a boost inverter or boost DC-AC converter. The main attribute of the new inverter topology is the fact … This paper proposes a new voltage source inverter (VSI) referred to as a boost inverter or boost DC-AC converter. The main attribute of the new inverter topology is the fact that it generates an AC output voltage larger than the DC input one, depending on the instantaneous duty cycle. This property is not found in the classical VSI, which produces an AC output instantaneous voltage always lower than the DC input one. For the purpose of optimizing the boost inverter dynamics, while ensuring correct operation in any working condition, a sliding mode controller is proposed. The main advantage of the sliding mode control over the classical control schemes is its robustness for plant parameter variations, which leads to invariant dynamics and steady-state response in the ideal case. Operation, analysis, control strategy, and experimental results are included in this paper. The new inverter is intended to be used in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and AC driver systems design whenever an AC voltage larger than the DC link voltage is needed, with no need of a second power conversion stage.

Transformerless DC–DC Converters With High Step-Up Voltage Gain

2009-05-19

Lung-Sheng Yang , Tsorng‐Juu Liang , Jiann-Fuh Chen

Conventional dc-dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. … Conventional dc-dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformerless dc-dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple. Only one power stage is used. Moreover, the steady-state analyses of voltage gains and boundary operating conditions are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype circuit is implemented in the laboratory to verify the performance.

Constant Power Loads and Negative Impedance Instability in Automotive Systems: Definition, Modeling, Stability, and Control of Power Electronic Converters and Motor Drives

2006-07-01

Ali Emadi , Alireza Khaligh , Claudio Rivetta +1 more

Power electronic converters and electric motor drives are being put into use at an increasingly rapid rate in advanced automobiles. However, the new advanced automotive electrical systems employ multivoltage level … Power electronic converters and electric motor drives are being put into use at an increasingly rapid rate in advanced automobiles. However, the new advanced automotive electrical systems employ multivoltage level hybrid ac and dc as well as electromechanical systems that have unique characteristics, dynamics, and stability problems that are not well understood due to the nonlinearity and time dependency of converters and because of their constant power characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the negative impedance instability concept of the constant power loads (CPLs) in automotive power systems. The main focus of this paper is to analyze and propose design criteria of controllers for automotive converters/systems operating with CPLs. The proposed method is to devise a new comprehensive approach to the applications of power electronic converters and motor drives in advanced automotive systems. Sliding-mode and feedback linearization techniques along with large-signal phase plane analysis are presented as methods to analyze, control, and stabilize automotive converters/systems with CPLs

Simplified analysis of PWM converters using model of PWM switch. II. Discontinuous conduction mode

1990-05-01

V. Vorperian

For pt.I see ibid., vol.26, no.3, p.490-6 (1990). According to the method of state-space averaging, when a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter enters discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the inductor current state … For pt.I see ibid., vol.26, no.3, p.490-6 (1990). According to the method of state-space averaging, when a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter enters discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the inductor current state is lost from the average model of the converter. It is shown that there is neither theoretical nor experimental justification for the disappearance of the inductor state as claimed by the method of state-space averaging. For example, when the model of the PWM switch in DCM is substituted in the buck, boost, or buck-boost converter while the inductor is left intact, the average model has two poles: the first pole f/sub p1/ agrees with the single pole of state-space averaging, while the second pole f/sub p2/ occurs in the range f/sub p2/>or=F/sub s// pi . It is shown that the right-half plane zeros present in the control-to-output transfer functions of the boost, buck-boost, and Cuk converters in continuous conduction mode are also present in discontinuous conduction mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Single phase power factor correction: a survey

2003-05-01

O. García , J.A. Cobos , R. Prieto +2 more

New recommendations and future standards have increased the interest in power factor correction circuits. There are multiple solutions in which line current is sinusoidal. In addition, a great number of … New recommendations and future standards have increased the interest in power factor correction circuits. There are multiple solutions in which line current is sinusoidal. In addition, a great number of circuits have been proposed with nonsinusoidal line current. In this paper, a review of the most interesting solutions for single phase and low power applications is carried out. They are classified attending to the line current waveform, energy processing, number of switches, control loops, etc. The major advantages and disadvantages are highlighted and the field of application is found.

Voltage Multiplier Cells Applied to Non-Isolated DC–DC Converters

2008-03-01

Marcos Prudente , Luciano Lopes Pfitscher , Gustavo Emmendoerfer +2 more

This paper introduces the use of the voltage multiplier technique applied to the classical non-isolated dc-dc converters in order to obtain high step-up static gain, reduction of the maximum switch … This paper introduces the use of the voltage multiplier technique applied to the classical non-isolated dc-dc converters in order to obtain high step-up static gain, reduction of the maximum switch voltage, zero current switching turn-on. The diodes reverse recovery current problem is minimized and the voltage multiplier also operates as a regenerative clamping circuit, reducing the problems with layout and the EMI generation. These characteristics allows the operation with high static again and high efficiency, making possible to design a compact circuit for applications where the isolation is not required. The operation principle, the design procedure and practical results obtained from the implemented prototypes are presented for the single-phase and multiphase dc-dc converters. A boost converter was tested with the single-phase technique, for an application requiring an output power of 100 W, operating with 12 V input voltage and 100 V output voltage, obtaining efficiency equal to 93%. The multiphase technique was tested with a boost interleaved converter operating with an output power equal to 400 W, 24 V input voltage and 400 V output voltage, obtaining efficiency equal to 95%.

A new, continuous-time model for current-mode control (power convertors)

1991-04-01

R.B. Ridley

A current-mode control power convertor model that is accurate at frequencies from DC to half the switching frequency is described for constant-frequency operation. Using a simple pole-zero transfer function, the … A current-mode control power convertor model that is accurate at frequencies from DC to half the switching frequency is described for constant-frequency operation. Using a simple pole-zero transfer function, the model is able to predict subharmonic oscillation without the need for discrete-time z-transform models. The accuracy of sampled-data modeling is incorporated into the model by a second-order representation of the sampled-data transfer function which is valid up to half the switching frequency. Predictions of current loop gain; control-to-output; output impedance; and audio susceptibility transfer functions were confirmed with measurements on a buck converter. The audio susceptibility of the buck converter can be nulled with the appropriate value of external ramp. The modeling concentrates on constant-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters, but the methods can be applied to variable-frequency control and discontinuous conduction mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Switching converters with wide DC conversion range

1991-01-01

Dragan Maksimović , S. Ćuk

Compared to basic converter topologies (buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, etc.), pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters with quadratic DC conversion ratios, M(D)=D/sup 2/, M(D)=D/sup 2//(1-D) or M(D)=D/sup 2//(1-D)/sup 2/, offer a significantly … Compared to basic converter topologies (buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, etc.), pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters with quadratic DC conversion ratios, M(D)=D/sup 2/, M(D)=D/sup 2//(1-D) or M(D)=D/sup 2//(1-D)/sup 2/, offer a significantly wider conversion range. For a given minimum ON-time and, consequently, for a given minimum duty ratio D/sub min/, D/sup 2/ in the numerator of M(D) yields a much lower limit on the minimum attainable conversion ratio. By applying a systematic synthesis procedure, six novel single-transistor converter configurations with quadratic DC conversion ratios are found. The simpler, single-transistor realization is the most important advantage over the straightforward cascade of two basic converters. As far as conversion efficiency is concerned, it is clear that a single-stage converter is usually a better choice than a two-stage converter. The quadratic converters proposed are intended for applications where conventional single-stage converters are inadequate-for high-frequency applications where the specified range of input voltages and the specified range of output voltages call for an extremely large range of conversion ratios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

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A three-phase soft-switched high-power-density DC/DC converter for high-power applications

1991-01-01

R.W.A.A. De Doncker , D.M. Divan , M.H. Kheraluwala

Three DC/DC converter topologies suitable for high-power-density high-power applications are presented. All three circuits operate in a soft-switched manner, making possible a reduction in device switching losses and an increase … Three DC/DC converter topologies suitable for high-power-density high-power applications are presented. All three circuits operate in a soft-switched manner, making possible a reduction in device switching losses and an increase in switching frequency. The three-phase dual-bridge converter proposed is shown to have the most favorable characteristics. This converter consists of two three-phase inverter stages operating in a high-frequency six-step mode. In contrast to existing single-phase AC-link DC/DC converters, lower turn-off peak currents in the power devices and lower RMS current ratings for both the input and output filter capacitors are obtained. This is in addition to smaller filter element values due to the higher-frequency content of the input and output waveforms. Furthermore, the use of a three-phase symmetrical transformer instead of single-phase transformers and a better utilization of the available apparent power of the transformer (as a consequence of the controlled output inverter) significantly increase the power density attainable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Review of Nonisolated High-Step-Up DC/DC Converters in Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Applications

2010-05-26

Wuhua Li , Xiangning He

The photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected power system in the residential applications is becoming a fast growing segment in the PV market due to the shortage of the fossil fuel energy and … The photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected power system in the residential applications is becoming a fast growing segment in the PV market due to the shortage of the fossil fuel energy and the great environmental pollution. A new research trend in the residential generation system is to employ the PV parallel-connected configuration rather than the series-connected configuration to satisfy the safety requirements and to make full use of the PV generated power. How to achieve high-step-up, low-cost, and high-efficiency dc/dc conversion is the major consideration due to the low PV output voltage with the parallel-connected structure. The limitations of the conventional boost converters in these applications are analyzed. Then, most of the topologies with high-step-up, low-cost, and high-efficiency performance are covered and classified into several categories. The advantages and disadvantages of these converters are discussed. Furthermore, a general conceptual circuit for high-step-up, low-cost, and high-efficiency dc/dc conversion is proposed to derive the next-generation topologies for the PV grid-connected power system. Finally, the major challenges of high-step-up, low-cost, and high-efficiency dc/dc converters are summarized. This paper would like to make a clear picture on the general law and framework for the next-generation nonisolated high-step-up dc/dc converters.

Switched-Capacitor/Switched-Inductor Structures for Getting Transformerless Hybrid DC–DC PWM Converters

2008-03-01

B. Axelrod , Y. Berkovich , A. Ioinovici

A few simple switching structures, formed by either two capacitors and two-three diodes (C-switching), or two inductors and two-three diodes (L-switching) are proposed. These structures can be of two types: … A few simple switching structures, formed by either two capacitors and two-three diodes (C-switching), or two inductors and two-three diodes (L-switching) are proposed. These structures can be of two types: ldquostep-downrdquo and ldquostep-up.rdquo These blocks are inserted in classical converters: buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic. The ldquostep-downrdquo C- or L-switching structures can be combined with the buck, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic converters in order to get a step-down function. When the active switch of the converter is on, the inductors in the L-switching blocks are charged in series or the capacitors in the C-switching blocks are discharged in parallel. When the active switch is off, the inductors in the L-switching blocks are discharged in parallel or the capacitors in the C-switching blocks are charged in series. The ldquostep-uprdquo C- or L-switching structures are combined with the boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic converters, to get a step-up function. The steady-state analysis of the new hybrid converters allows for determing their DC line-to-output voltage ratio. The gain formula shows that the hybrid converters are able to reduce/increase the line voltage more times than the original, classical converters. The proposed hybrid converters contain the same number of elements as the quadratic converters. Their performances (DC gain, voltage and current stresses on the active switch and diodes, currents through the inductors) are compared to those of the available quadratic converters. The superiority of the new, hybrid converters is mainly based on less energy in the magnetic field, leading to saving in the size and cost of the inductors, and less current stresses in the switching elements, leading to smaller conduction losses. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.

A Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for an Energy Storage System With Galvanic Isolation

2007-11-01

Shigenori Inoue , Hirofumi Akagi

This paper addresses a bidirectional dc-dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation. An energy storage device such as an electric double layer … This paper addresses a bidirectional dc-dc converter suitable for an energy storage system with an additional function of galvanic isolation. An energy storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor is directly connected to a dc side of the dc-dc converter without any chopper circuit. Nevertheless, the dc-dc converter can continue operating when the voltage across the energy storage device drops along with its discharge. Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement reveal that power loss and peak current impose limitations on a permissible dc-voltage range. This information may be useful in design of the dc-dc converter. Experimental results verify proper charging and discharging operation obtained from a 200-V, 2.6-kJ laboratory model of the energy storage system. Moreover, the dc-dc converter can charge the capacitor bank from zero to the rated voltage without any external precharging circuit.

The auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter

2002-12-04

Rik W. De Doncker , J.P. Lyons

The auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP), a new power converter topology that fully achieves soft switching without increasing primary device voltage or current ratings, is discussed. The ARCP converter is … The auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP), a new power converter topology that fully achieves soft switching without increasing primary device voltage or current ratings, is discussed. The ARCP converter is capable of true pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of each phase. The power circuit relies on the addition of an auxiliary triggered resonant commutation circuit or snubber to commutate the inductive load current from a main diode to an active device, allowing a zero voltage turn-off of the main devices. The auxiliary devices operate in a zero current soft switching mode, thereby requiring minimal current turn-off capability. The operation and control of the ARCP converter are discussed. Its performance is analyzed, and a simulation is presented. It is shown that the ARCP converter is capable of operation at elevated switching frequencies (10-30 kHz), high power levels (200-1000 kW), and high conversion efficiencies. the auxiliary devices will typically account for a 20% increase in the total silicon area of a three-phase power converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies

1988-04-01

R.L. Steigerwald

The half-bridge series-resonant, parallel-resonant, and combination series-parallel resonant converters are compared for use in low-output-voltage power supply applications. It is shown that the combination series-parallel converter, which takes on the … The half-bridge series-resonant, parallel-resonant, and combination series-parallel resonant converters are compared for use in low-output-voltage power supply applications. It is shown that the combination series-parallel converter, which takes on the desirable characteristics of the pure series and the pure parallel converter, avoids the main disadvantages of each of them. Analyses and breadboard results show that the combination converter can run over a large input voltage range and a large load range (no load to full load) while maintaining excellent efficiency. A useful analysis technique based on classical AC complex analysis is introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

High Power Outphasing Modulation

1935-11-01

H. Chireix

Performance characterization of a high-power dual active bridge DC-to-DC converter

1992-01-01

M.N. Kheraluwala , R.W. Gascoigne , D.M. Divan +1 more

The performance of a high-power, high-power-density DC-to-DC converter based on the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology is described. The dual active bridge converter has been shown to have very … The performance of a high-power, high-power-density DC-to-DC converter based on the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology is described. The dual active bridge converter has been shown to have very attractive features in terms of low device and component stresses, small filter components, low switching losses, high power density and high efficiency, bidirectional power flow, buck-boost operation, and low sensitivity to system parasitics. For high output voltages, on the order of kilovolts, a cascaded output structure is considered. The effects of snubber capacitance and magnetizing inductance on the soft switching region of control are discussed. Various control schemes are outlined. Coaxial transformer design techniques have been utilized to carefully control leakage inductance. The layout and experimental performance of a prototype 50 kW 50 kHz unit operating with an input voltage of 200 V DC and an output voltage of 1600 V DC are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

A general unified approach to modelling switching-converter power stages

1977-06-01

R.D. Middlebrook , S. Ćuk

A method for modelling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting-point is the unified state-space representation of the switched notworks and whose end result is either a complete state-space description … A method for modelling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting-point is the unified state-space representation of the switched notworks and whose end result is either a complete state-space description or its equivalent small-signal low-frequency linear circuit model. A new canonical circuit model is proposed, whose fixed topology contains all the essential input-output and control properties of any d.c.-to-d.c. switching converter, regardless of its detailed configuration, and by which different converters can be characterized in the form of a table conveniently stored in a computer data bank to provide a useful tool for computer-aided design and optimization. The new canonical circuit model predicts that, in general, switching action introduces both zeros and poles into the duty ratio to output transfer function in addition to those from the effective filter network.

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Step-Up DC–DC Converters: A Comprehensive Review of Voltage-Boosting Techniques, Topologies, and Applications

2017-03-06

Mojtaba Forouzesh , Yam P. Siwakoti , Saman A. Gorji +2 more

DC-DC converters with voltage boost capability are widely used in a large number of power conversion applications, from fraction-of-volt to tens of thousands of volts at power levels from milliwatts … DC-DC converters with voltage boost capability are widely used in a large number of power conversion applications, from fraction-of-volt to tens of thousands of volts at power levels from milliwatts to megawatts. The literature has reported on various voltage-boosting techniques, in which fundamental energy storing elements (inductors and capacitors) and/or transformers in conjunction with switch(es) and diode(s) are utilized in the circuit. These techniques include switched capacitor (charge pump), voltage multiplier, switched inductor/voltage lift, magnetic coupling, and multistage/-level, and each has its own merits and demerits depending on application, in terms of cost, complexity, power density, reliability, and efficiency. To meet the growing demand for such applications, new power converter topologies that use the above voltage-boosting techniques, as well as some active and passive components, are continuously being proposed. The permutations and combinations of the various voltage-boosting techniques with additional components in a circuit allow for numerous new topologies and configurations, which are often confusing and difficult to follow. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the general law and framework of the development of next-generation step-up dc-dc converters, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various step-up dc-dc converters based on their characteristics and voltage-boosting techniques. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these voltage-boosting techniques and associated converters are discussed in detail. Finally, broad applications of dc-dc converters are presented and summarized with comparative study of different voltage-boosting techniques.

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Power electronics converters, applications and design

1997-01-01

F.V.P. Robinson

Power Semiconductor Devices

2007-05-30

Direct power control of PWM converter without power-source voltage sensors

1998-01-01

Toshihiko Noguchi , H. Tomiki , Seiji Kondo +1 more

This paper proposes a novel control strategy of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter with no power-source voltage sensors. The strategy has two main features to improve a total power factor … This paper proposes a novel control strategy of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter with no power-source voltage sensors. The strategy has two main features to improve a total power factor and efficiency, taking harmonic components into account without detecting the voltage waveforms. One feature is a direct instantaneous power control technique for the converter, which has been developed to control the instantaneous active and reactive power directly by selecting the optimum switching state of the converter. The other feature is an estimation technique of the power-source voltages, which can be performed by calculating the active and reactive power for each switching state of the converter from the line currents. A digital-signal-processor-based experimental system was developed, and experimental tests were conducted to examine the controllability. As a result, it was confirmed that the total power factor and efficiency were more than 97% and 93% over the load power range from 200 to 1400 W, respectively. These results have proven the excellent performance of the proposed system.

A review of single-phase improved power quality ac~dc converters

2003-10-01

Bhim Singh , A. Chandra , Kamal Al‐Haddad +2 more

Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated … Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.

Simplified analysis of PWM converters using model of PWM switch. Continuous conduction mode

1990-05-01

V. Vorperian

A circuit-oriented approach to the analysis of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters is presented. This method relies on the identification of a three-terminal nonlinear device, called the PWM switch, which consists … A circuit-oriented approach to the analysis of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters is presented. This method relies on the identification of a three-terminal nonlinear device, called the PWM switch, which consists of only the active and passive switches in a PWM converter. Once the invariant properties of the PWM switch are determined, its average equivalent circuit model can be derived. This model is versatile enough to easily account for storage-time modulation of bipolar junction transistor(s) (BJTs); the DC- and small-signal characteristics of a large class of PWM converters can then be contained by a simply replacing the PWM switch with its equivalent circuit model. The methodology is very similar to linear amplifier circuit analysis, whereby the transistor is replaced by its equivalent circuit model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Performance Analysis of a Dual input Non- isolated DC -DC Converter for Solar Powered Electric Vehicle

2025-06-25

K. Arthi , S. Suja | Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics

Active-Clamp Dual-Transformer ZVS Flyback Converter

2025-06-25

Pei-Ching Tseng , K. I. Hwu , Yulin Chen +1 more | Energies

In order to upgrade the ability of the traditional flyback converter to transfer energy to the load, a dual-flyback converter with two active clamping circuits is added, using the same … In order to upgrade the ability of the traditional flyback converter to transfer energy to the load, a dual-flyback converter with two active clamping circuits is added, using the same clamping capacitor to recover the leakage inductance energy. Furthermore, no additional resonant inductor is needed, and both the switches have zero voltage switching (ZVS) to reduce the switching loss. In addition, full-wave rectification is used on the secondary side to decrease the output voltage ripple frequency, which makes it easy to design the output filter.

Multi-mode control of three-phase LLC resonant converter based on planar integrated magnetic core

2025-06-25

Jiayuan Liang , Yixuan Tong , Zhen Yu +3 more | Journal of Power Electronics

COSS Losses in Resonant Converters

2025-06-24

Giuseppe Samperi , Antonino Laudani , N. Salerno +3 more | Energies

High efficiency and high power density are key targets in modern power conversion. Operating power converters at high switching frequencies enables the use of smaller passive components, which, in turn, … High efficiency and high power density are key targets in modern power conversion. Operating power converters at high switching frequencies enables the use of smaller passive components, which, in turn, facilitate achieving high power density. However, the concurrent increase in switching frequency and power density leads to efficiency and overheating issues. Soft switching techniques are typically employed to minimize switching losses and significantly improve efficiency by reducing power losses. However, the hysteresis behavior of the power electronics devices’ output capacitance, COSS, is the cause of regrettable losses in Super-Junction (SJ) MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs, and GaN HEMTs, which are usually adopted in soft switching-based conversion schemes. This paper reviews the techniques for measuring hysteresis traces and power losses, as well as the understanding of the phenomenon to identify current research trends and open problems. A few studies have reported that GaN HEMTs tend to exhibit the lowest hysteresis losses, while Si superjunction (SJ) MOSFETs often show the highest. However, this conclusion cannot be generalized by comparing the results from different works because they are typically made across devices with different (when the information is reported) breakdown voltages, on-state resistances, die sizes, and test conditions. Moreover, some recent investigations using advanced TCAD simulations have demonstrated that newer Si-SJ MOSFETs employing trench-filling epitaxial growth can achieve significantly reduced hysteresis losses. Similarly, while multiple studies confirm that hysteresis losses increase with increasing dv/dt and decreasing temperature, the extent of this dependence varies significantly with device structure and test methodology. This difficulty in obtaining a general conclusion is due to the lack of proper figures of merit that account for hysteresis losses, making it problematic to evaluate the suitability of different devices in resonant converters. This problem highlights the primary current challenge, which is the development of a standard and automated method for characterizing COSS hysteresis. Consequently, significant research effort must be invested in addressing this main challenge and the other challenges described in this study to enable power electronics researchers and practitioners to develop resonant converters properly.

Parallel and Interleaved Power Converters

2025-06-24

Dorin O. Neacșu | CRC Press eBooks

A Robust and Efficient Multi-Port Converter Design for Electric Vehicle Applications: Optimized via Artificial Gorilla Troops Algorithm

2025-06-24

Alaa A. Mahmoud , Mohamed-Salem Ahmed , Ahmed A. Hafez | Engineering Research Express

Abstract This paper presents a multiport converter (MPC) designed for electric vehicle (EV) applications, with potential use in renewable energy systems (RES). The proposed MPC interfaces the AC grid enabling … Abstract This paper presents a multiport converter (MPC) designed for electric vehicle (EV) applications, with potential use in renewable energy systems (RES). The proposed MPC interfaces the AC grid enabling seamless energy transfer from input sources to multiple output ports. These output ports facilitate the simultaneous management of two distinct voltage levels through a single DC link, enhancing system flexibility and efficiency. The Control scheme, employing Proportional-Resonant (PR) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, is implemented to regulate power flow between input sources and loads. The system operates in three modes: Mode 1 employs power factor correction (PFC) to synchronize voltage and current while reducing harmonics, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the grid current is 3.65%; Mode 2 allows grid-to-battery charging while supplying a low-voltage load; and Mode 3 functions as a single-input dual-output converter to power both the motor and auxiliary loads. Additionally, Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (AGTO) is used to rapidly and precisely tune controller parameters. The proposed MPC features a modular structure and achieves a high efficiency of 98.64%, surpassing the reported efficiencies in previous studies, while consisting of 12 components only, making it a promising solution for sustainable energy management in EVs and RES applications.

AC/DC and DC/AC Current Source Converters

2025-06-24

Dorin O. Neacșu | CRC Press eBooks

Finite-control-set model-free predictive control based on voltage noise suppression for dual active bridge converters

2025-06-23

Zheng Yin , Fujin Deng , Sahar S. Kaddah +3 more | Journal of Power Electronics

Perturbation control based on the antisymmetric structure of boost converters

2025-06-23

Francisco Javier Rosas , José de Jesús Rubio , Manuel Olan +5 more | Control Theory and Technology

A review of high current digital constant current sources in Switch-Mode power supplies

2025-06-20

Maoliang Jian , Wenjuan Du , Ling Xiao +2 more | Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing

Non-Isolated Ultra-High Step-Up DC-DC Converter Topology Using Coupled-Inductor-Based Inverting Buck-Boost and Voltage Multipliers

2025-06-20

Van-Tinh Duong , Zeeshan Waheed , Woojin Choi | Electronics

This paper introduces a non-isolated ultra-high voltage gain topology using the combination of the coupled-inductor-based inverting buck-boost converter (IBB) and voltage multiplier (VM) structure. In the proposed converter, an ultra-high … This paper introduces a non-isolated ultra-high voltage gain topology using the combination of the coupled-inductor-based inverting buck-boost converter (IBB) and voltage multiplier (VM) structure. In the proposed converter, an ultra-high step-up voltage gain can be achieved with a small duty cycle thanks to a coupled inductor and VMs. The voltage stress and the losses of the switches in the proposed converter are even less than other conventional topologies. Unlike other coupled-inductor topologies, a large voltage spike caused by the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is smoothed by the capacitor in the voltage multiplier. In addition, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on for the switches and zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-off for the diodes can be achieved with the energy stored in the leakage inductance. A 360 W (40 V/380 V) prototype converter is implemented to prove the advantages of the proposed converter, with a maximum efficiency of 98.4%.

Efficiency Analysis of 11 kW Bidirectional CLLC Converter with Symmetric and Asymmetric Resonant Frequency Design Considering Single-phase/Three-phase Compatible On-board Charger

2025-06-19

Gyea Young Kwak , Hyeonu Jo , Dohyeon Lee +2 more | The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics

A novel Buck-Boost Modified Series Forward (BBMSF) converter for enhanced efficiency in hybrid renewable energy systems

2025-06-19

K. Karthikeyan , P. Umasankar | Ain Shams Engineering Journal

New Start-up Strategy for Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) Converter with Reduced Start-up Time

2025-06-19

Si-Won Kim , Ji‐Yeon Kim , Jae-Kuk Kim | The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics

A Current Mode Control Method for Boost Converter with Adaptive Slope Compensation Technique

2025-06-18

Chunxiao Zhu , Hua Wu , Stephen Wan +1 more | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to enhance the conversion efficiency of DAB converters under various operating conditions

2025-06-17

Chenguang Zhang , Zhongjian Kang , Bin Li +3 more | Electrical Engineering

Optimized Coil Arrangement for Integrating Leakage Inductance in High-Frequency Transformers of Dual Active Bridge Converters

2025-06-17

Kianoush Yadollahi , Adel Zakipour | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters offer bidirectional power flow and soft-switching capabilities, making them attractive for high-frequency power conversion applications. However, the presence of a separate series inductor alongside … <title>Abstract</title> Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters offer bidirectional power flow and soft-switching capabilities, making them attractive for high-frequency power conversion applications. However, the presence of a separate series inductor alongside the high-frequency transformer can limit the converter’s power density and efficiency. This paper presents an optimized transformer winding configuration that integrates the required leakage inductance directly within the high-frequency transformer, eliminating the need for an external series inductor. Various coil arrangements are analyzed through finite element simulations using ANSYS Maxwell to evaluate leakage inductance, ohmic losses, and parasitic capacitance. Results show that the vertical coil arrangement achieves the target leakage inductance of 50 μH while minimizing conduction losses and parasitic effects. The optimized transformer winding was experimentally validated on a 150 W DAB converter prototype using a TMS320F28335 DSP for power stage control. Experimental results confirm close agreement with simulations, demonstrating high efficiency (up to 99.1%) and stable soft-switching operation under nominal conditions without current ringing. The proposed winding configuration offers a practical and efficient approach for integrating magnetic components in high-frequency power converters.

Multimodal Switching Control Strategy for Wide Voltage Range Operation of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converters

2025-06-17

Chenhao Zhao , Chuang Huang , Shan Jiang +1 more | Processes

In recent years, to achieve “dual carbon” goals, increasing the penetration of renewable energy has become a critical approach in China’s power sector. Power electronic converters play a key role … In recent years, to achieve “dual carbon” goals, increasing the penetration of renewable energy has become a critical approach in China’s power sector. Power electronic converters play a key role in integrating renewable energy into the power system. Among them, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter has gained widespread attention due to its merits, such as galvanic isolation, bidirectional power transfer, and soft switching. It has been extensively applied in microgrids, distributed generation, and electric vehicles. However, with the large-scale integration of stochastic renewable sources and uncertain loads into the grid, DAB converters are required to operate over a wider voltage regulation range and under more complex operating conditions. Conventional control strategies often fail to meet these demands due to their limited soft-switching range, restricted optimization capability, and slow dynamic response. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-mode switching optimized control strategy for the three-port DAB (3p-DAB) converter. The proposed method aims to broaden the soft-switching range and optimize the operation space, enabling high-power transfer capability while reducing switching and conduction losses. First, to address the issue of the narrow soft-switching range at medium and low power levels, a single-cycle interleaved phase-shift control mode is proposed. Under this control, the three-phase Dual Active Bridge can achieve zero-voltage switching and optimize the minimum current stress, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the converter. Then, in the face of the actual demand for wide voltage regulation of the converter, a standardized global unified minimum current stress optimization scheme based on the virtual phase-shift ratio is proposed. This scheme establishes a unified control structure and a standardized control table, reducing the complexity of the control structure design and the gain expression. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multi-mode optimized control strategy.

A High-Conversion Ratio Multiphase Converter Realized with Generic Modular Cells

2025-06-17

Eli Hamo , Michael Evzelman , Mor Mordechai Peretz | Applied Sciences

This paper introduces a high-conversion ratio multiphase nonisolated converter built from generic LC cells. The unique architecture that hinges on a generic capacitor inductor switching module enables the high modularity … This paper introduces a high-conversion ratio multiphase nonisolated converter built from generic LC cells. The unique architecture that hinges on a generic capacitor inductor switching module enables the high modularity of the topology, providing a quick extension of the converter design in an interleaved configuration for lower ripple and higher current output. The generic module comprises the basic power components of a nonisolated DC–DC converter, where the unique interaction between the capacitor and the inductor results in a soft charging operation, which curbs the losses of the converter, and contributes to a higher efficiency. Additional features of the new converter include a significantly extended effective duty ratio, and a lower voltage stress on the switches, a very high output current, and architecture-inherent output current sharing that balances the loading between the phases. In addition, a power extension using a paralleling and interleaving approach is presented to provide higher output current capabilities. Simulation and experimental results of a modular interleaved three-phase prototype demonstrate an excellent proof of concept and agree well with the theoretical analyzes developed in this study.

Secondary sideband harmonic emission characteristics of individual/multi-parallel grid-connected inverters

2025-06-17

Shaobo Xu , Shun Tao , Yonghai Xu | International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

New Secondary-Side Control Scheme of Absolutely Isolated Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) Converter for Solid-State-Transformer (SST)

2025-06-17

Da-Un Kim , Chong-Eun Kim | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

Design of low ripple interleaved parallel switching capacitors bidirectional DC converter based on magnetic integration technology

2025-06-17

Ling Mao , Jian Wang , Jinbin Zhao | Electrical Engineering

Cascaded Controller Tuned <scp>UPQC</scp> for <scp>PQ</scp> Enhancement in <scp>EV</scp> Connected Charging Station

2025-06-16

Jatoth Rajender , Manisha Dubey , Yogendra Kumar | International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control

ABSTRACT Power grids are a byproduct of the development of conventional power systems. They comprise electronic power converters and a variety of renewable energy sources. Power quality (PQ) controllers for … ABSTRACT Power grids are a byproduct of the development of conventional power systems. They comprise electronic power converters and a variety of renewable energy sources. Power quality (PQ) controllers for renewable sources have been modeled in order to handle the high energy demand. Although numerous solutions have been utilized thus far, the PQ issue demands specific consideration. Hence, the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is proposed to address the problem of PQ enhancement in electric vehicle (EV) connected charging stations (CS). For tuning UPQC, the tilt and proportional integral derivatives are cascaded (C‐TI‐PI) together. In addition, the golden search optimization algorithm (GSOA) is included to control the battery's charging behavior of the bidirectional buck boost converter. The implementation is carried out through MATLAB/Simulink, and the observed result shows the stability and efficacy of the proposed controller. The implementation results are analyzed through two cases to validate the robustness of a proposed C‐TI‐PI‐based UPQC controller. Moreover, the total harmonic distortions (THD) are also determined for the proposed strategy and compared with the traditional methods. The overall characteristic response reveals the effectiveness of a proposed controller.

An Efficient On‐Board Charging System for Light EVs Using High Gain SCBZ Converter With G2V and V2G Capabilities

2025-06-16

Ajay Pratap Singh , Manoj Badoni , Anjanee Kumar Mishra | International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications

ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel architecture for an on‐board charging (OBC) system that integrates dual energy sources, viz., single‐phase AC grid and solar PV. The system employs a switched‐capacitor … ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel architecture for an on‐board charging (OBC) system that integrates dual energy sources, viz., single‐phase AC grid and solar PV. The system employs a switched‐capacitor bidirectional zeta (SCBZ) converter topology to facilitate both grid‐to‐vehicle (G2V) and vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) functionalities. An H‐bridge type active front‐end converter (AFC) is used to convert AC to DC. An improved mixed second‐order–third‐order generalized integrator (IMSTOGI) control algorithm is developed to ensure robust operation of AFC under grid disturbance. The AFC ensures that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current stays within the limit specified by international standards and unity power factor (UPF) operation. The SCBZ converter manages both the charging and discharging processes for LEVs, with an emphasis on enhanced efficiency, low conduction losses, reduced component count, and high gain. The designed system has soft‐starting features of BLDC drive in propulsion mode without using any current and voltage sensor at motor side. The performance of the system is tested by using the MATLAB simulation and validated by Opal‐RT prototype; the results prove the improved performance of the advanced charging methodology by the proposed SCBZ converter.

The Direct Voltage Control Scheme of Brushless DC Motor for the Electric Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) System

2025-06-16

Dong‐Hee Lee | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Convolutional Neural Network Controller for Enhanced Performance of Boost DC-DC Converters

2025-06-16

Quancheng Liu , Amjad Ali , Ahmed Alkhayyat | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

Sensorless Compensation of DC-Link Current Pulsations in Energy Storage Systems

2025-06-16

Dariusz Zieliński , Maciej Rudawski , K. Gopakumar | Energies

This study addresses the problem of DC-link current pulsations in four-wire AC/DC converters with energy storage operating under unbalanced load conditions. A sensorless compensation algorithm based on AC-side voltage and … This study addresses the problem of DC-link current pulsations in four-wire AC/DC converters with energy storage operating under unbalanced load conditions. A sensorless compensation algorithm based on AC-side voltage and current measurements is proposed, eliminating the need for additional sensors. The algorithm incorporates a Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) filter for accurate detection and compensation of the pulsating component. Experimental validation under severe asymmetry confirmed the method’s effectiveness. In case 1, the AC component of the DC-link current was reduced from 7 A to 1.4 A and, in case 2, from 3 A to 0.5 A. Corresponding FFT analysis showed a reduction in relative amplitude from 240% to 21.5% and from 264% to 22%, respectively. In an asymmetrical charging scenario (case 3), the AC component was reduced from 2.5 A to nearly 0 A, corresponding to a decrease from 42% to 4.9% in the FFT spectrum. These results demonstrate that the proposed method enables stable converter operation even under deep phase current imbalances, significantly improving energy storage reliability and utility grid performance.

Design Method for High-Frequency Transformer of DC-DC Converter for V2LC Using High Accuracy Magnetic Equivalent Model

2025-06-16

Myeong-Jun Cha , Hae-Chan Park , Jin-Su Jang +1 more | The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

High-Frequency Planar Transformer Based on Low Parasite Capacotance Interleaved Serpentine Winding Method for High-Current Input LLC Resonant Converter

2025-06-16

Sang‐Wook Kang , Su-Seong Park , Hae-Chan Park +1 more | The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

Buck Converter with Improved Efficiency and Wide Load Range Enabled by Negative Level Shifter and Low-Power Adaptive On-Time Controller

2025-06-13

Xuan Thanh Pham , Minh Tan Nguyen , Cong‐Kha Pham +1 more | Electronics

This paper introduces a high-efficiency buck converter designed for a wide load range, targeting low-power applications in medical devices, smart homes, wearables, IoT, and technology utilizing WiFi and Bluetooth. To … This paper introduces a high-efficiency buck converter designed for a wide load range, targeting low-power applications in medical devices, smart homes, wearables, IoT, and technology utilizing WiFi and Bluetooth. To achieve high efficiency across varying loads, the proposed converter employs a low-power adaptive on-time (AOT) controller that ensures output voltage stability and seamless mode transitions . An adaptive comparator (ACP) with variable output impedance is introduced, offering a variable DC gain and bandwidth to be suitable for different load conditions. A negative-level shifter (NLS) circuit, with its swing ranging from −0.5 V to the battery voltage (VBAT), is proposed to control the smaller power p-MOS transistors. By using an NLS, the chip area, which is mostly occupied by power CMOS transistors, is reduced while the power efficiency is improved, particularly under a heavy load. A status time detector (STD) block which provides control signals to the ACP and NLS for optimized power consumption is added to identify load conditions (heavy, light, ultra-light). By employing a 180 nm CMOS technology, the active chip area occupies about 0.31 mm2. With an input voltage range of 2.8–3.3 V, the controller’s current consumption ranges from 1.2 μA to 16 μA, corresponding to the output load current varying from 12 μA to 120 mA. Although the output load can vary, the output voltage is regulated at 1.2 V with a ripple between 3 and 12 mV. The proposed design achieves a peak efficiency of 96.2% under a heavy load with a switching frequency of 1.3 MHz.

Enhanced one stage interleaved PFC Cuk configuration-based EV charger with reduced components

2025-06-12

Narthana Sivaperumal , J. Gnanavadivel , Albert Alexander Stonier +3 more | Computers & Electrical Engineering

A Novel Two-Stage Power Conversion Method Suitable for 1MHz-LDC of Electric Vehicles

2025-06-12

Manh Tuan Tran , Abdul Shakoor Akram , Woojin Choi | Electronics

Low-Voltage DC-DC converters (LDCs) in electric vehicles require high power density and high efficiency operation over the wide range of load and input voltage variations. This paper introduces a novel … Low-Voltage DC-DC converters (LDCs) in electric vehicles require high power density and high efficiency operation over the wide range of load and input voltage variations. This paper introduces a novel topology which combines three 1 MHz half-bridge (HB) LLC resonant converters and an inverting buck–boost (IBB) converter to adjust the output voltage without frequency modulation. The switching frequency of the proposed converter is fixed at 1 MHz to achieve a constant frequency operation for the resonant converter. In the proposed topology, Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices and planar transformers are employed to optimize the converter operation at high frequency. A 1-MHz/1.8 kW-400/14 V prototype converter is built to verify the feasibility and the validity of the proposed LDC topology.

A New Control Method of Proposed SMC Controller Using the Kalman Filter Estimation for Three‐Phase Asymmetric‐LCL Filtered GCI With Step‐Up Transformer

2025-06-11

Chunxiao Gao , Fuxiao Tan | International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications

ABSTRACT In view of the fact that the conventional proportional‐resonant (PR) controller employed in the asymmetric‐LCL (A‐LCL) filter‐based grid‐connected inverter (GCI) faces some challenges in practice, such as complex state … ABSTRACT In view of the fact that the conventional proportional‐resonant (PR) controller employed in the asymmetric‐LCL (A‐LCL) filter‐based grid‐connected inverter (GCI) faces some challenges in practice, such as complex state space equations, slow dynamic response, and poor robustness, this paper proposes a pulse width modulation (PWM) based improved sliding mode controller (SMC) control method using the Kalman filter estimation for three‐phase GCI with A‐LCL filter. First, a simplified model based on the A‐LCL filter (called the S‐A‐LCL filter model) is proposed, which reduces the system order. Second, the SMC controller is designed based on the S‐A‐LCL model in the control system. Besides, this paper improves the conventional SMC controller on the basis of its design, which has a simple design of its sliding mode surface and a small amount of computation. This proposed SMC controller is called the P_SMC controller. Then, for the P_SMC controller that ought to acquire system state variable information, the Kalman filter estimator is employed to estimate them, reduce the sensor count, save costs, and improve the system's resistance to hardware failures. Finally, a three‐phase/6 kW/380 V/50 Hz A‐LCL filtered GCI with a step‐up transformer experimental setup has been established. It is demonstrated that the control performance of the GCI system with the proposed control method is improved compared to the conventional PR controller employed in an A‐LCL‐based GCI system, and the practicability and excellence of the proposed control method in terms of robust performance, dynamic performance, and disturbance immunity are verified.

Two‐Phase Interleaved Tri‐State Coupled Inductor‐Based High Step‐Up Gain Converter With Improved Dynamic Response and Reduce Ripple

2025-06-11

Meghna A. Vaghela , Mahmadasraf A. Mulla | International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications

ABSTRACT The use of coupled inductor (CI)‐based high step‐up gain topologies is increasing to handle a vast range load/input voltage disturbance. In CCM operation, the presence of right half plane … ABSTRACT The use of coupled inductor (CI)‐based high step‐up gain topologies is increasing to handle a vast range load/input voltage disturbance. In CCM operation, the presence of right half plane (RHP) zero in control‐to‐output voltage transfer function is a major issue. This paper introduces a new two‐phase interleaved tri‐state CI‐based high step‐up gain converter that eliminates RHP zero. To achieve this, tri‐state configuration in the proposed topology is implemented, enabling wide bandwidth and stable operation. The interleaved structure on input side reduces input current ripple and increases bandwidth. This helps to increase power density and improves the dynamic response of converter. The interleaved operation also reduces current stress on devices, minimizes core size and reduces losses, and improves efficiency. The claim of RHP zero free operation of the proposed converter is verified by deriving the small signal model. Simulation and experimental studies are presented to validate the theoretical findings. Experimental verification is conducted using a 200‐W laboratory prototype of the converter, designed to boost a 24‐V input to a 100‐V output.

Series Resonant LED Driver with Current Equalization Based on the Differential-Mode Transformer

2025-06-10

K. I. Hwu , Jack Lee | Energies

In this research, a series resonant LED driver circuit based on the differential-mode transformer for current equalization is proposed. In this circuit, the series resonant converter adopts controlled frequency modulation … In this research, a series resonant LED driver circuit based on the differential-mode transformer for current equalization is proposed. In this circuit, the series resonant converter adopts controlled frequency modulation to change the energy transferred to the output while realizing zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on of the half-bridge switch. To deal with the problem of unequal LED currents caused by two different forward conduction voltages of the output LED strings, a differential-mode transformer is employed to balance the currents between the two LED strings, and the relationship between the magnetizing inductance and the percentage of current sharing error are derived to facilitate the design. Furthermore, only the current of one LED string needs to be sensed to achieve current equalization, while the current of the other LED string is automatically determined by the differential-mode transformer.