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Dentistry â€ș Orthodontics

Dental materials and restorations

Works Count: 94331

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on advancements in dental restorative materials, including adhesive bonding, composite resins, ceramic restorations, and the use of CAD/CAM technology. It covers topics such as polymerization shrinkage, dentin structure, and the results of clinical trials evaluating various dental materials for tooth restoration.

Keywords

Dental Materials; Restorative Dentistry; Adhesive Bonding; Composite Resins; Ceramic Restorations; Dentin Structure; CAD/CAM Technology; Polymerization Shrinkage; Clinical Trials; Tooth Restoration

Structural and chemical organization of teeth

1967-01-01
Allyson Miles

Restorative dental materials

1961-06-01
Robert G. Craig

Digital dentistry: an overview of recent developments for CAD/CAM generated restorations

2008-05-01
Florian Beuer , Josef Schweiger , Daniel Edelhoff
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Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks

2005-08-09
Jack L. Ferracane

Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers

1987-10-01
I. Eystein Ruyter , Krister Nilner , Burkhard Möller

Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment

1984-04-01
Jon Årtun , Sven Bergland

An overview of zirconia ceramics: Basic properties and clinical applications

2007-09-07
Paolo Francesco Manicone , P. Rossi Iommetti , L. Raffaelli

A review of dental CAD/CAM: current status and future perspectives from 20 years of experience

2009-01-01
Takashi Miyazaki , Yasuhiro HOTTA , Jun Kunii +2 more
In this article, we review the recent history of the development of dental CAD/CAM systems for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs), based on our 20 years 
 In this article, we review the recent history of the development of dental CAD/CAM systems for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs), based on our 20 years of experience in this field. The current status of commercial dental CAD/CAM systems developed around the world is evaluated, with particular focus on the field of ceramic crowns and FPDs. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives applicable to dental CAD/CAM. The use of dental CAD/CAM systems is promising not only in the field of crowns and FPDs but also in other fields of dentistry, even if the contribution is presently limited. CAD/CAM technology will contribute to patients' health and QOL in the aging society.
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Current status of zirconia restoration

2013-10-01
Takashi Miyazaki , Takashi Nakamura , Hideo Matsumura +2 more
During the past decade, zirconia-based ceramics have been successfully introduced into the clinic to fabricate fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), along with a dental computer-aided/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. In this article 
 During the past decade, zirconia-based ceramics have been successfully introduced into the clinic to fabricate fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), along with a dental computer-aided/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. In this article (1) development of dental ceramics, (2) the current status of dental CAD/CAM systems, (3) CAD/CAM and zirconia restoration, (4) bond between zirconia and veneering ceramics, (5) bond of zirconia with resin-based luting agents, (6) surface finish of zirconia restoration and antagonist enamel wear, and (7) clinical evaluation of zirconia restoration are reviewed. Yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) showed better mechanical properties and superior resistance to fracture than other conventional dental ceramics. Furthermore, ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline and alumina nanocomposites (Ce-TZP/A) had the highest fracture toughness and had resistance to low-temperature aging degradation. Both zirconia-based ceramics have been clinically available as an alternative to the metal framework for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Marginal adaptation of zirconia-based FDPs is acceptable for clinical application. The most frequent clinical complication with zirconia-based FDPs was chipping of the veneering porcelain that was affected by many factors. The mechanism for the bonding between zirconia and veneering ceramics remains unknown. There was no clear evidence of chemical bonding and the bond strength between zirconia and porcelain was lower than that between metal and porcelain. There were two alternatives proposed that might avoid chipping of veneering porcelains. One was hybrid-structured FDPs comprising CAD/CAM-fabricated porcelain parts adhering to a CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia framework. Another option was full-contour zirconia FDPs using high translucent zirconia. Combined application of silica coating and/or silane coupler, and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate is currently one of the most reliable bonding systems for zirconia. Adhesive treatments could be applied to luting the restorations and fabricating hybrid-structured FDPs. Full-contour zirconia FDPs caused concern about the wear of antagonist enamel, because the hardness of Y-TZP was over double that of porcelain. However, this review demonstrates that highly polished zirconia yielded lower antagonist wear compared with porcelains. Polishing of zirconia is possible, but glazing is not recommended for the surface finish of zirconia. Clinical data since 2010 are included in this review. The zirconia frameworks rarely got damaged in many cases and complications often occurred in the veneering ceramic materials. Further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to investigate the possible influencing factors of technical failures.

Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems

1997-04-01
Anne Peutzfeldt
The present review outlines the history of monomers, used in resin composites, motivates further development, and highlights recent and ongoing research reported in the field of dental monomer systems. The 
 The present review outlines the history of monomers, used in resin composites, motivates further development, and highlights recent and ongoing research reported in the field of dental monomer systems. The monomer systems of most present‐day resin composites are based on BisGMA, developed some 40 years ago, or derivatives of BisGMA. In the remaining resin composites, urethane monomers or oligorners are used as the basis of the monomer system. The main deficiencies of current resin composites are polymerization shrinkage and insufficient wear resistance under high masticatory forces. Both factors are highly influenced by the mooonier system, and considerable efforts are being made around the world to reduce or eliminate these undesirable properties. The use of fluoride‐releasing monomer systems, some of which are under investigation, has been suggested to mitigate the negative effects of marginal gaps formed in consequence of polymerization shrinkage. The very crux of the problem has also been approached with the synthesis of potentially low‐shrinking/non‐shrinking resin composites involving ring opening or cyclopolymerizable monomers. By the use of additives with a supposed chain transfer agent function, monomer systems have been formulated that improve the degree of conversion of methacrylate double bonds and mechanical properties. Many promising monomer systems have been devised, the implementation of which may be expected to improve the longevity of resin composite fillings and expand the indications for resin composites.

Study of water sorption, solubility and modulus of elasticity of light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins

2002-12-02
Irini D. Sideridou

The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates

1982-05-01
Nobuo Nakabayashi , Katsunori Kojima , Eiichi Masuhara
Abstract The effectiveness of 4‐methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4‐META) on the adhesion of an acrylic rod with etched dentine and enamel was studied. Etching of tooth substrates with a 10% citric 
 Abstract The effectiveness of 4‐methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4‐META) on the adhesion of an acrylic rod with etched dentine and enamel was studied. Etching of tooth substrates with a 10% citric acid‐3% ferric chloride solution prior to the adhesion proved effective. Monomers with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups like 4‐META promoted the infiltration of monomers into the hard tissue. The infiltrated monomers polymerized in situ and good adhesion with the tooth substrates took place. The tensile adhesive strength was 18 MPa on the etched dentine. Scanning electron microscopic studies suggested that the monomers possess affinity with the hard tissue. The good adhesion was not provided by the interlocking at the tubules as had been considered previously.

Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength — Evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test

1994-07-01
Hidehiko Sano , T Shono , H Sonoda +4 more

The Competition between the Composite-Dentin Bond Strength and the Polymerization Contraction Stress

1984-12-01
C.L. Davidson , A.J. de Gee , Albert J. Feilzer
The influence of contraction stresses, developed during the polymerization of composites, on adhesion to dentin treated with a dentin adhesive was studied for a chemically- and a light-activated microfilled composite. 
 The influence of contraction stresses, developed during the polymerization of composites, on adhesion to dentin treated with a dentin adhesive was studied for a chemically- and a light-activated microfilled composite. In both linear and 3-D models. The linear model consisted of an arrangement set up in a tensilometer in which the composites could be applied to a flat dentin surface fixed to the stationary cross-head at one end, and mechanically clamped to the cross-head connected to the load cell at the other end. The increase of the bond strength was measured at different time intervals from the start of mixing and was compared with the developing contraction stress. Throughout the complete polymerization process, the adhesion survived the contraction stress, which is explained by flow relaxation, which can occur sufficiently in this configuration. In the three-dimensional model, the composites are attached to more than two dentin walls. In this situation, flow is severely limited, and contraction stress values can exceed the bond strength, leading to separation. This was demonstrated in Class V cavities. The shape of the cavity is considered to be of great importance in conservation of the composite-dentin bond.

An index for measuring the wear of teeth

1984-06-01
B G Smith , Julie Knight

The effect of surface grinding and sandblasting on flexural strength and reliability of Y-TZP zirconia ceramic

1999-11-01
T. Kosmač , Čedomir Oblak , Peter Jevnikar +2 more

An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials

2003-10-01
Sumita B. Mitra , Dong Wu , Brian N. Holmes

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Matrix Proteinases in Relation to Cariology: The Era of ‘Dentin Degradomics'

2015-01-01
Leo TjÀderhane , Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf , Marcela Rocha de Oliveira Carrilho +1 more
This review discusses current trends in the development of dentin adhesives and the possibility that some classes of currently available adhesives are too hydrophilic. Manufacturers have reformulated dentin adhesives to 
 This review discusses current trends in the development of dentin adhesives and the possibility that some classes of currently available adhesives are too hydrophilic. Manufacturers have reformulated dentin adhesives to make them more compatible for bonding to intrinsically moist, acid-etched dentin by adding 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and other hydrophilic resin monomers. These 3-step adhesives work well but are more time consuming to use and more sensitive to technique than the newer, simplified adhesives. When primers are mixed with adhesives in 2-step single-bottle adhesives and self-etching primers, the adhesives are more permeable to water and hence absorb more water over time than previous generations of adhesives. The most recent single-step self-etching adhesives are even more hydrophilic and hence more permeable to water derived from the underlying bonded dentin. This permeability can lead to a wide variety of seemingly unrelated problems, including incompatibility of chemically or dual-cured composites with simplified adhesives and expedited degradation of resin-dentin bonds.
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Review on fluoride-releasing restorative materials—Fluoride release and uptake characteristics, antibacterial activity and influence on caries formation

2006-04-18
Annette Wiegand , Wolfgang Buchalla , Thomas Attin

Setting Stress in Composite Resin in Relation to Configuration of the Restoration

1987-11-01
Albert J. Feilzer , A.J. de Gee , C.L. Davidson
The setting stress in composite resins was studied as a function of restoration shape. The shape is described by the configuration factor, C, the ratio of the restoration's bonded to 
 The setting stress in composite resins was studied as a function of restoration shape. The shape is described by the configuration factor, C, the ratio of the restoration's bonded to unbonded (free) surfaces. In an experimental set-up, the shape of the restoration was simulated by cylindrical forms of various dimensions. The shrinkage stress was measured continuously. It was shown that in most of the clinically relevant cavity configurations, the stress-relieving flow is not sufficient to preserve adhesion to dentin by dentin-bonding agents.

The future of dental devices is digital

2011-12-02
Richard van Noort

Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives

2007-05-08
Kirsten Van Landuyt , J. Snauwaert , Jan De Munck +7 more

Elution of leachable components from composites

1994-07-01
Jack L. Ferracane
Summary A significant amount of residual monomer or short chain polymers remain unbound in set composite material. Due to its potential impact on both the biocompatibility and the structural stability 
 Summary A significant amount of residual monomer or short chain polymers remain unbound in set composite material. Due to its potential impact on both the biocompatibility and the structural stability of the restoration, many investigators have studied the elution of these unbound molecules into aqueous media. The results of these studies suggest that elution of leachable components from composites is rapid, with the majority being released within a matter of hours. Weight losses of up to 2% of the mass of the composite have been reported under certain conditions. The studies have also shown that the extent and rate of elution of components from composites is dependent upon several factors. The quantity of leachables has been correlated to the degree of cure of the polymer network. The composition and solubility characteristics of the extraction solvent influence the kinetics and mechanism of the elution process. Elution is generally thought to occur via diffusion of molecules through the resin matrix, and is therefore dependent upon the size and chemical characteristics of the leachable species.

Thermal cycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations

1999-02-01
Martin Gale , B.W. Darvell

Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A systematic review

2007-11-01
Heather J. Conrad , Wook‐Jin Seong , Igor J. Pesun

A new translucent cement for dentistry. The glass ionomer cement

1972-02-01
A.D. Wilson , B. E. Kent

Considerations in measurement of marginal fit

1989-10-01
J. R. Holmes , Stephen C. Bayne , Gene A. Holland +1 more

Bonding to zirconia ceramic: adhesion methods and their durability

1998-01-01
Matthias Kern , Stefan Martin Wegner

Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives: A systematic review of current clinical trials

2005-07-13
Marleen Peumans , P. Kanumilli , J DEMUNCK +3 more

Longevity of posterior composite restorations: Not only a matter of materials

2011-12-20
FlĂĄvio Fernando Demarco , Marcos Britto CorrĂȘa , Maximiliano SĂ©rgio Cenci +2 more

Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics

2003-11-20
Massimiliano Guazzato , Mohammad Albakry , Simon P. Ringer +1 more

State of the art of zirconia for dental applications

2007-07-20
Isabelle Denry , J. Robert Kelly

A Critical Review of the Durability of Adhesion to Tooth Tissue: Methods and Results

2005-02-01
Jan De Munck , K. Van Landuyt , Marleen Peumans +4 more
The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond 
 The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond strengths of other adhesives are more stable. This review examines the fundamental processes that cause the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin to degrade with time. Non-carious class V clinical trials remain the ultimate test method for the assessment of bonding effectiveness, but in addition to being high-cost, they are time- and labor-consuming, and they provide little information on the true cause of clinical failure. Therefore, several laboratory protocols were developed to predict bond durability. This paper critically appraises methodologies that focus on chemical degradation patterns of hydrolysis and elution of interface components, as well as mechanically oriented test set-ups, such as fatigue and fracture toughness measurements. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated method to assess adhesion durability involves aging of micro-specimens of biomaterials bonded to either enamel or dentin. After about 3 months, all classes of adhesives exhibited mechanical and morphological evidence of degradation that resembles in vivo aging effects. A comparison of contemporary adhesives revealed that the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives remain the 'gold standard' in terms of durability. Any kind of simplification in the clinical application procedure results in loss of bonding effectiveness. Only the two-step self-etch adhesives approach the gold standard and do have some additional clinical benefits.

Dental adhesion review: Aging and stability of the bonded interface

2007-04-18
Lorenzo Breschi , Annalisa Mazzoni , Alessandra Ruggeri +3 more

Resin-ceramic bonding: A review of the literature

2003-03-01
Markus B. Blatz , Avishani Sadan , Matthias Kern

The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding

1997-11-01
Grayson W. Marshall , Sally J. Marshall , J.H. Kinney +1 more

Correlation between hardness and degree of conversion during the setting reaction of unfilled dental restorative resins

1985-02-01
Jack L. Ferracane

Nanoindentation mapping of the mechanical properties of human molar tooth enamel

2002-04-01
J.L. Cuy , A. Mann , Kenneth J. T. Livi +2 more

Comparative Study on Adhesive Performance of Functional Monomers

2004-06-01
Yasuhiro Yoshida , K. Nagakane , R. Fukuda +7 more
Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction 
 Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction with the functional monomer and, subsequently, contribute to adhesive performance in addition to micro-mechanical hybridization. We therefore chemically characterized the adhesive interaction of 3 functional monomers with synthetic hydroxyapatite, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We further characterized their interaction with dentin ultra-morphologically, using transmission electron microscopy. The monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) readily adhered to hydroxyapatite. This bond appeared very stable, as confirmed by the low dissolution rate of its calcium salt in water. The bonding potential of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) was substantially lower. The monomer 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) and its bond to hydroxyapatite did not appear to be hydrolytically stable. Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.

A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part II: fixed dental prostheses.

2007-06-01
Irena Sailer , Bjarni E. Pjetursson , Marcel Zwahlen +1 more
Abstract Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5‐year survival rates and incidences of complications of all‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and to compare them with 
 Abstract Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5‐year survival rates and incidences of complications of all‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and to compare them with those of metal–ceramic FDPs. Methods: An electronic MEDLINE and Dental Global Publication Research System search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic reconstructions with a mean follow‐up time of at least 3 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow‐up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by three reviewers. Failure rates were analyzed using standard and random‐effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5‐year survival proportions. Results: The search provided 3473 titles for single crowns and FDPs and resulted in 100 abstracts for all‐ceramic FDPs. Full‐text analysis was performed for 39 articles, resulting in nine studies of ceramic FDPs that met the inclusion criteria. The data on survival and complication rates of metal–ceramic FDPs were obtained from a previous systematic review of Tan et al. (2004) and the updated version from the same authors ( Pjetursson et al. 2007 ). In Poisson regression meta‐analysis, the 5‐year survival of metal–ceramic FDPs was significantly ( P <0.0001) higher with 94.4% [95 confidence interval (CI): 91.1–96.5%] than the survival of all‐ceramic FDPs, being 88.6% (95 CI: 78.3–94.2%). The frequencies of material fractures (framework and veneering material) were significantly ( P <0.0001) higher for all‐ceramic FDPs (6.5% and 13.6%) compared with those of metal–ceramic FDPs (1.6% and 2.9%). Other technical complications like loss of retention and biological complications like caries and loss of pulp vitality were similar for the two types of reconstructions over the 5‐year observation period. Conclusion: Based on the present systematic review of all‐ceramic FDPs, significantly lower survival rates at 5 years were seen compared with metal–ceramic FDPs. The most frequent reason for failure of FDPs made out of glass‐ceramics or glass‐infiltrated ceramics was fracture of the reconstruction (framework and veneering ceramic). However, when zirconia was used as framework material, the reasons for failure were primarily biological and technical complications other than framework fracture.
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State of the art of self-etch adhesives

2010-11-25
Bart Van Meerbeek , Kumiko Yoshihara , Yasuhiro Yoshida +3 more

Resin composite—State of the art

2010-11-19
Jack L. Ferracane

Relationship between bond-strength tests and clinical outcomes

2009-12-17
Bart Van Meerbeek , Marleen Peumans , André Poitevin +4 more

Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives

1997-11-01
C.L. Davidson , Albert J. Feilzer

State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives

2010-11-30
David H. Pashley , Franklin R. Tay , Lorenzo Breschi +4 more
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Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges.

2003-05-23
Bart Van Meerbeek , Jan De Munck , Hiroshi Yoshida +6 more
Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is 
 Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions. Furthermore, bond-strength testing and measurement of marginal-sealing effectiveness (the two most commonly employed methodologies to determine "bonding effectiveness" in the laboratory) are evaluated upon their value and relevance in predicting clinical performance. A new dynamic methodology to test biomaterial-tooth bonds in a fatigue mode is introduced with a recently developed micro-rotary fatigue-testing device. Eventually, today's adhesives will be critically weighted upon their performance in diverse laboratory studies and clinical trials. Special attention has been given to the benefits/drawbacks of an etch&rinse versus a self-etch approach and the long-term performance of these adhesives. Correlating data gathered in the laboratory with clinical results clearly showed that laboratory research CAN predict clinical effectiveness. Although there is a tendency to simplify bonding procedures, the data presented confirm that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term. Nevertheless, a self-etch approach may have the best future perspective. Clinically, when adhesives no longer require an "etch&rinse" step, the application time, and probably more importantly, the technique-sensitivity are substantially reduced. Especially "mild," two-step self-etch adhesives that bond through a combined micromechanical and chemical interaction with tooth tissue closely approach conventional three-step systems in bonding performance.

3D printing in dentistry

2015-12-11
Andrew Dawood , B. Marti Marti , Veronique Sauret-Jackson +1 more

A Review of Direct Orthodontic Bonding

1975-07-01
I. R. Reynolds
Considerable interest has been shown in the method of bonding orthodontic attachments directly to the tooth surface eliminating the use of bands. Many orthodontists are using this technique routinely in 
 Considerable interest has been shown in the method of bonding orthodontic attachments directly to the tooth surface eliminating the use of bands. Many orthodontists are using this technique routinely in clinical practice, and most orthodontic supply houses now produce some form of "bonding kit". This article aims to present a background, against which the present usage of the technique can be assessed.

Novel Zirconia Materials in Dentistry

2017-10-16
Y. Zhang , Brian R. Lawn
Zirconias, the strongest of the dental ceramics, are increasingly being fabricated in monolithic form for a range of clinical applications. Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) is the most widely used 
 Zirconias, the strongest of the dental ceramics, are increasingly being fabricated in monolithic form for a range of clinical applications. Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) is the most widely used variant. However, current Y-TZP ceramics on the market lack the aesthetics of competitive glass-ceramics and are therefore somewhat restricted in the anterior region. This article reviews the progressive development of currently available and next-generation zirconias, representing a concerted drive toward greater translucency while preserving adequate strength and toughness. Limitations of efforts directed toward this end are examined, such as reducing the content of light-scattering alumina sintering aid or incorporating a component of optically isotropic cubic phase into the tetragonal structure. The latest fabrication routes based on refined starting powders and dopants, with innovative sintering protocols and associated surface treatments, are described. The need to understand the several, often complex, mechanisms of long-term failure in relation to routine laboratory test data is presented as a vital step in bridging the gaps among material scientist, dental manufacturer, and clinical provider.
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Principles of solidification

1965-05-01

Surface roughness and shear bond strength of novel polymethylmethacrylate-based materials

2025-06-25
Nursena Öztemel , Ä°rem Kurt , Almira Ada Diken TĂŒrksayar | Odontology
Abstract The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of novel polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based materials. Thirty rectangular specimens were prepared from three different PMMA-based materials: 
 Abstract The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of novel polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based materials. Thirty rectangular specimens were prepared from three different PMMA-based materials: nanographene-reinforced PMMA, milled PMMA, and self-curing PMMA. All specimens underwent a polishing process and the Ra value was then recorded using a non-contact profilometer. A special plate was then used to bond nanoflowable composite resin to the specimens' surfaces, after which they underwent thermocycling between 5 and 55 °C for 5000 cycles. The SBS was subsequently evaluated at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05) were used for data analysis. The Ra and SBS values differed significantly ( p < 0.001). The self-curing PMMA specimens had the highest mean Ra value (1.15 ÎŒm), while the G-CAM specimens had a mean Ra value of 0.55 ÎŒm and the milled PMMA specimens had a mean Ra value of 0.53 ÎŒm. SBS in the milled PMMA group was measured at 51.25 MPa; SBS in the G-CAM and self-curing PMMA specimens was lower than in the milled PMMA specimens (34.36 and 31.22 MPa, respectively). Although nanographene-reinforced PMMA exhibited an acceptable Ra value, its SBS value was lower than that of milled PMMA.

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity, surface microhardness, and color change of glass ionomer cement containing green synthesized Ag@MoS2 nanocomposite after thermal aging

2025-06-25
Semiha Ekrikaya , Özcan KarataƟ , Ebubekir Yilmaz +5 more | Clinical Oral Investigations
Abstract Objective The aim of our study is to compare the antibacterial activity, surface microhardness, and color change of glass ionomer cement (GIC) with the addition of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles 
 Abstract Objective The aim of our study is to compare the antibacterial activity, surface microhardness, and color change of glass ionomer cement (GIC) with the addition of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) and silver molybdenum disulfide (Ag@MoS 2 ) nanocomposites (NC) after thermal aging conditions. Methods Our study consisted of five groups ( n = 7): only GIC (control); GIC + Green-synthesized Ag NP; GIC + Green-synthesized Ag@MoS 2 NC; GIC + Chemically synthesized Ag NP, and GIC + Chemically synthesized Ag@MoS 2 NC. The nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized using the required protocols, and added to the liquid part of the GIC. Disk-shaped samples with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were prepared with the nanoparticle-mixed GIC and used to determine the S. mutans live/dead assay analysis, MTT metabolic activity test, agar disk diffusion test, lactic acid production, and CFUs values. The microhardness and color change of the samples were evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed (α = 0.05). Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and the control groups regarding live bacteria ratio, lactic acid production, inhibition zone, CFUs, and S. mutans metabolic activity ( p < 0.05). The highest antibacterial efficacy in the experimental groups was observed in the Ag@MoS 2 NC groups. The addition of Ag NP and Ag@MoS 2 NC synthesized by green and chemical methods did not adversely affect the microhardness or cause clinically significant changes in the color of the experimental GICs ( p > 0.05). Thermal aging did not adversely affect the obtained results. Conclusion Adding Ag NP and Ag@MoS 2 NC to GICs may provide sufficient antibacterial efficacy without adversely affecting color or microhardness values even after thermal aging.

Comparative clinical performance of universal adhesives versus etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives: a meta-analysis

2025-06-25
Matheus Polesso Patias , Paula Fernandes-e-Silva , NeftalĂ­ LĂȘnin Villarreal Carreño +4 more | Clinical Oral Investigations

Case Report: A comprehensive digital workflow to enhance predictability and precision with fixed dental prostheses in the posterior region

2025-06-24
Isabela Toser , Andrei-Bogdan Faur , Anca-Elena Anghel-Lorinți +1 more | Frontiers in Dental Medicine
This clinical report presents a full digital protocol for prosthetic rehabilitation following the bilateral loss of maxillary first molars. The aim of the study was to explore the integration of 
 This clinical report presents a full digital protocol for prosthetic rehabilitation following the bilateral loss of maxillary first molars. The aim of the study was to explore the integration of advanced digital technologies, including intraoral scanning, facial scanning, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and digital occlusal analysis, into a comprehensive treatment protocol for the fabrication of fixed partial dental prostheses. A key focus was on evaluating the precision of occlusal equilibration using digital occlusal analysers in conjunction with conventional articulating paper. While the design was sent to a dental laboratory for fabrication, the workflow demonstrated efficiency, minimal invasiveness, and a high degree of predictability in achieving both functional and aesthetic outcomes, mostly manageable in a chair-side manner. The results showed that most occlusal contacts translated successfully from virtual planning to the intraoral environment; however, some discrepancies were noted, which could be attributed to the absence of certain motion data in the digital workflow. The integration of digital occlusal analysis was essential in identifying and adjusting premature contacts, contributing to improved patient comfort and occlusal stability. The study highlights the potential of a fully digital workflow in modern prosthodontics, emphasizing its role in achieving more predictable outcomes, enhancing clinical efficiency, and reducing the need for post-cementation adjustments. Future research should explore.

Coloration study heat-cured polymer materials for denture base

2025-06-24
Rezki Setiyani , Urip Agus Salim , Muslim Mahardika +2 more | Jurnal Teknosains
The color of denture base material is important in dentistry to achieve a natural gingival aesthetic. No universal standard for denture base color, due to it difficult for dentists and 
 The color of denture base material is important in dentistry to achieve a natural gingival aesthetic. No universal standard for denture base color, due to it difficult for dentists and dental laboratory technicians to achieve consistent results. This study proposes a method for identifying the color of artificial gums made from heated cure polymers with coloring agents. This study also examined the effect adding color agent on the hardness of denture base material and the effect of artificial saliva immersion on coloring. New coloring agents, namely pink (P), red (M), and purple (U), were added to create new colors in this study. Seven specimens from light to dark colors were made. The resulting specimens were photographed and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software to obtain the L*, a*, and b* values for each specimen, which were then analyzed using the CIELAB formula. The results of the material hardness test showed a significant change between the immersion and non-immersion groups (p-value 0.00<0.05), while the group between 10-day and 20-day immersion showed no significant change (p-value 0.65>0.05). In materials without added color, the hardness value is 85.3 - 86.3 HSD, while in materials with added color, the hardness value increases to 85.5 - 87.7 HSD. The results of the saliva immersion test showed changes in the range of 2.51 - 5.98 for 10 days of immersion and 0.85 - 4.22 for 20 days of immersion. Based on these results, most of the color changes are still below the clinical acceptance threshold of less than 4.1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the color changes that occur after soaking are still clinically acceptable.

A Comparison of Various Cementation Methods for the Retention of Prefabricated Posts: An Original Research

2025-06-23
Pramod Punchiri Sadan , Smita Durga Dutta | Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences
A BSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the retention strengths of prefabricated posts cemented using zinc phosphate (ZP), glass ionomer (GIC), and resin cements (RC). Methodology: About 60 extracted human 
 A BSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the retention strengths of prefabricated posts cemented using zinc phosphate (ZP), glass ionomer (GIC), and resin cements (RC). Methodology: About 60 extracted human mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length and endodontically treated. Post spaces were prepared to a depth of 10 mm, were grouped into 20 each. Prefabricated metal posts were cemented according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Tensile forces until post dislodgment were measured after one day. Results: Mean retention strengths were: Group A (ZP)—124 N, Group B (GIC)—336.86 N, and Group C (RC)—1262.51 N. RC exhibited significantly higher retention than both GIC and ZP cements, and GIC cement showed significantly higher retention than ZP cement. Conclusion: The type of luting cement significantly affects the retention of prefabricated posts. RC demonstrated the highest retention strength, suggesting its superiority for clinical applications requiring enhanced post-retention.

In vitro Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets with Different Etching Techniques

2025-06-23
Md. Abu Sayeed Imran , Arpit Jariwala , Vijayadhith Chinnappa +3 more | Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences
A BSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to permanent teeth using three different etching techniques. Materials and Methods: 30 extracted premolar teeth 
 A BSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to permanent teeth using three different etching techniques. Materials and Methods: 30 extracted premolar teeth were divided and treated with various etching agents: Group I (11% hydrofluoric acid), Group II (5% maleic acid), and Group III (7% phosphoric acid). The surfaces were etched for 30 sec, primed with Trans bond XT adhesive, and bonded with metal brackets. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the shear bond strength (SBS). Tukey post-hoc tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the data; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our study found significant differences in SBS between the three etching agents. Group I (11% hydrofluoric acid) showed the highest SBS (10.52 MPa), followed by Group III (37% phosphoric acid) with 8.29 MPa, and Group II (5% maleic acid) with 6.70 MPa. The differences between the groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: 11% hydrofluoric acid is the most effective etching agent for orthodontic bonding, offering bond strengths within the clinically acceptable range.

Temperature Change in the Pulp Chamber Induced by Different Light Curing Units In Simulated Deep Cavities

2025-06-22
Yağmur Kılıç , Mustafa Mert Tulgar | Meandros Medical And Dental Journal
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various types of photopolymerization devices on the temperature of the pulp chamber during the adhesive bonding phase. Materials 
 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various types of photopolymerization devices on the temperature of the pulp chamber during the adhesive bonding phase. Materials and Methods: To this purpose, cavities with a mesiodistal diameter of 5 mm, a buccolingual diameter of 3.5 mm, and a residual dentin thickness of 1.2 mm at the cavity base were prepared. Polymerization lights were applied for 20 seconds using three different devices. The temperature change within the pulp chamber was quantified using a thermocouple, with data collected at 10 and 20 seconds utilized for assessment. The mean intra-pulp temperature in the O-Light, Deepcure-L, and Valo groups at the 10th second was 39.9°C, 41.1°C, and 38.7°C and at the 20th second, had temperatures of 42.4°C, 44.3°C, and 40.4°C, respectively. Result:A statistically significant difference was observed between the Deepcure-L and Valo groups (p < .01) in terms of maximum temperature, increase in pulp chamber temperature, and temperature at the 10th and 20th seconds. The observed changes in pulp chamber temperature between the groups, irrespective of light transmission type, are consistent with the power output of the devices, expressed in mW/cmÂČ. All the groups yielded a temperature increase above the limit which has been described critical. Conclusion: During adhesive bonding phase, lower mW/cmÂČ devices could be preferred in cases where the remaining dentin thickness is reduced.

Effect of Extended Polymerızation Tımes on the Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Resin Composites

2025-06-22
Tuğçe Erdem , Sezer Demirbuğa , Hacer Balkaya | Meandros Medical And Dental Journal
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization properties of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites in terms of the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness (MH) at 
 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization properties of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites in terms of the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness (MH) at different polymerization times. Materials and Methods: In this study three different polymerization times (20 s, 60 s, and 100 s) were applied to disc shaped samples (6 mm wide; and 2 mm high) prepared from two bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, X-tra Fil) and two traditional resin composites (Filtek Z550, Charisma Smart). The DC of the polymerized samples was measured with a FT-IR/ATR device, and the MH values were measured with a Vickers hardness device. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results of the FT-IR analysis and Vickers microhardness test demonstrated that the DC and MH values of the groups exposed to 100 s of light curing were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p

Influence of luting cement on the biomechanical behavior of Bioflx crowns

2025-06-21
Ahmed Waly , Salah A. Yousief , Mohamed Elsayed Moteea +2 more | BMC Oral Health
Abstract Background The objective of this study was to examine the impact of various types of cements on primary molar tooth restored with a Bioflx crown. Methods Three distinct finite 
 Abstract Background The objective of this study was to examine the impact of various types of cements on primary molar tooth restored with a Bioflx crown. Methods Three distinct finite element models were developed to represent three different cements; (1) conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) (approximately 17 ÎŒm thick), (2) self-curing resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) (approximately 10 ÎŒm thick), and (3) self-cure resin cement (RC) (approximately 30 ÎŒm thick), all supporting/securing the Bioflx crown (approximately 330 microns thick). The geometry of the lower second primary molar was captured by laser scanning and then processed to create a solid model. This model was then imported into finite element software to assign materials, create a mesh, and evaluate stress and deformation under average normal occlusal loads. An applied load of 330 N was evaluated at three angles: vertical, oblique at 45°, and lateral. Results The results indicated that model #2 (self-curing resin-modified GIC) exhibited the greatest deformation across all model components under the three loading conditions. The results for conventional GIC cement were comparable to those of self-cure resin cement. The resin-modified self-curing GIC (model #2) demonstrated high stress levels under lateral and oblique loads. Additionally, elevated stress concentrations were observed in the cortical bone region. Conclusions A cement type with a higher modulus of elasticity may be preferred over other types, in addition to the potential for use with a thinner thickness. Therefore, conventional GIC demonstrated the best performance among the cements evaluated in this study. This was followed by self-cure resin cement, while self-curing resin-modified GIC might be excluded due to expectation of failure.

Adhesive Performance of Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate Maryland Cantilever Restorations on Prepared and Non-Prepared Abutment Teeth: An In Vitro Comparative Study

2025-06-21
Tareq Hajaj , I.E. Lile , Radu Negru +7 more | Biomimetics
Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the adhesive performance of zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations on prepared and non-prepared anterior abutment teeth. While conventional clinical protocols 
 Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the adhesive performance of zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations on prepared and non-prepared anterior abutment teeth. While conventional clinical protocols involve abutment tooth preparation, no-preparation (no-prep) restorations have emerged as a viable, minimally invasive alternative. This study compared the adhesion fracture resistance (N) of zirconia restorations on non-prepared enamel surfaces with those on prepared surfaces exposing the dentin. Additionally, the zirconia restorations were compared with lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations, a more common yet costly alternative. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted anterior teeth were allocated into four groups based on preparation type (prepared vs. non-prepared) and material (zirconia vs. lithium disilicate). Each group received cantilevered single-unit FPDs fabricated via CAD/CAM and adhesively cemented using Variolink¼ Esthetic DC. Standardized loading was applied using a universal testing machine, and the fracture resistance was recorded. Results: The fracture resistance ranged from 190 to 447 N in the zirconia groups and from 219 to 412 N in the lithium disilicate groups. When comparing all the zirconia versus all the lithium disilicate ceramic restorations, regardless of tooth preparation, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.752). However, the non-prepared restorations exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance than their prepared counterparts (p = 0.004 for zirconia; p = 0.012 for lithium disilicate ceramic). All the failures were attributed to tooth fracture, except one zirconia restoration, with no debonding observed. Conclusions: Both zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations demonstrated reliable adhesive performance when bonded using appropriate surface conditioning and adhesive protocols. Interestingly, the non-prepared designs exhibited higher fracture resistance than the prepared abutments, highlighting their potential advantage in minimally invasive restorative dentistry. Zirconia Maryland bridges, in particular, represent a cost-effective and mechanically resilient option for anterior single-tooth replacement.

Recent Advances in Antibacterial Dental Adhesives

2025-06-21
| Journal of Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Background: Bonded restorations have transformed modern dentistry by enabling minimally invasive, esthetic, and durable tooth restorations. However, the long-term effectiveness of dental adhesives is challenged by the complex nature of 
 Background: Bonded restorations have transformed modern dentistry by enabling minimally invasive, esthetic, and durable tooth restorations. However, the long-term effectiveness of dental adhesives is challenged by the complex nature of dentin bonding, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation, and bacterial infiltration at the adhesive interface, which contribute to restoration failure and secondary caries. Objectives: This review aims to summarize recent advances in antibacterial dental adhesives, focusing on the incorporation of bioactive and nanostructured additives—particularly chitosan and graphene-oxide—to enhance bond durability, mechanical properties, and antibacterial performance. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of contemporary literature was conducted, evaluating the mechanisms of adhesive degradation, the challenges of dentin bonding, and the efficacy of various additives. The review synthesizes findings regarding the chemical, mechanical, and biological effects of incorporating chitosan and graphene-oxide into dental adhesives, as well as the impact of nanoparticles and solvent systems on adhesive performance. Conclusion: Recent advances in antibacterial dental adhesives, particularly through the incorporation of chitosan and graphene-oxide, have significantly improved the durability, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties of dental restorations. These bioactive and nanostructured additives address key challenges in dentin bonding, such as hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation and bacterial infiltration, thereby enhancing restoration longevity. However, limitations remain regarding optimal additive concentrations, potential effects on esthetics, viscosity, and polymerization, as well as the need for more strong clinical validation. Ongoing research is essential to optimize formulations and confirm long-term clinical benefits.

Assessment of Detrimental Effects of Pediatric Drug Syrups on Different Esthetic Dental Restorative Materials Used in Children: A Systematic Review

2025-06-20
Mahesh V Dadpe , Prasanna T Dahake , Shrikant B Kendre +2 more | World Journal of Dentistry

Effect of Bleaching on Surface Roughness of Universal Composite Resins After Chlorhexidine-Induced Staining

2025-06-20
Gözde Aksoy Vaizoğlu | Dentistry Journal
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the surface roughness of a conventional composite resin, a one-shade universal composite resin, and a group-shade universal composite resin after bleaching. 
 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the surface roughness of a conventional composite resin, a one-shade universal composite resin, and a group-shade universal composite resin after bleaching. Methods: A conventional composite resin, Clearfill, and the universal composite resins Omnichroma and Optishade were prepared into discs (2 × 8 mm), with a total of 90 discs. Each group (30) contained three different groups, including a control (n10), coloured with CHX (n10), and after bleaching (n10). The surface roughness of group discs was measured with a 3D profilometer. ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Tests were used to analyse data. Analyses were performed in the SPSS programme. Results: Significant Ra values were obtained between subgroups (p < 0.05). Comparisons of surface roughness after discolouring were performed with the control group; the highest surface roughness value (p > 0.05) was found for Optishade after bleaching compared to the control group. The Optishade composite resin showed the highest initial surface roughness value (p > 0.05), and after discolouration followed by bleaching, the Clearfill composite resin showed the highest surface roughness value (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both immersion and bleaching applications cause surface roughness. As a result, it was determined that the composite resin content has a significant effect on the surface roughness in discolouring and bleaching processes.

Effect of Distance to the Heat Source During Firing on the Final Color of Metal-Ceramic Restorations: An In Vitro Study

2025-06-20
Berkman ALBAYRAK , Ä°zim TĂŒrker Kader , Emir YÜZBAƞIOĞLU +1 more | Research Square (Research Square)
<title>Abstract</title> Background This study aimed to evaluate the influence of furnace positioning and sequential firing procedures on the final color of metal-ceramic restorations. Methods Forty-two disc-shaped metal-ceramic specimens were fabricated 
 <title>Abstract</title> Background This study aimed to evaluate the influence of furnace positioning and sequential firing procedures on the final color of metal-ceramic restorations. Methods Forty-two disc-shaped metal-ceramic specimens were fabricated and veneered with dentin, enamel, transparent, and glaze porcelain layers. Specimens were positioned at three different zones within the porcelain furnace (inner, middle, and outer) and subjected to standardized firing cycles. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer after each firing phase. Color differences (ΔE*) were calculated between the control (center) and each group, and the clinical relevance was interpreted according to perceptibility (ΔE*=1.74) and acceptability (ΔE*=3.48) thresholds. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results Both furnace position (p &lt; 0.05) and firing procedure (p 0 &lt; 0.05) significantly affected color differences. The greatest color changes were observed in specimens placed in the outer zone (ΔE = 6.90), whereas specimens in the inner zone exhibited minimal color differences (ΔE = 1.80). Outer and middle specimens exceeded the clinical acceptability threshold, while inner specimens remained within clinically acceptable limits. Conclusions The position of metal-ceramic restorations within the furnace during firing procedures significantly affects the final color outcome. Careful placement of restorations during porcelain firing is essential to ensure optimal color stability.

Compatibility of Dual-Cure Core Materials with Self-Etching Adhesives

2025-06-20
Zachary K. Greene , Augusto Robles , Nathaniel C. Lawson | Dentistry Journal
Background/Objectives: A material incompatibility has been established between self-etching adhesives and amine-containing dual-cure resin composite materials used for core buildups. This study aims to compare the dentin bond strength of 
 Background/Objectives: A material incompatibility has been established between self-etching adhesives and amine-containing dual-cure resin composite materials used for core buildups. This study aims to compare the dentin bond strength of several amine-containing and amine-free core materials using self-etching adhesives with different pHs. Methods: Extracted human molars were mounted in acrylic and ground flat with 320-grit silicon carbide paper. Next, 520 specimens (n = 10/group) were assigned to a dual-cure core buildup material group (10 amine-containing, 2 amine-free, and 1 reference light-cure only bulk fill flowable composite) and assigned to a self-etching adhesive subgroup (pH levels of approximately 1.0, 3.0, and 4.0). Within 4 hours of surface preparation, the adhesive corresponding to the specimen’s subgroup was applied and light-cured. Composite buttons for the assigned dual-cure core material of each group were placed using a bonding clamp apparatus, allowed to self-cure for 2 hours at 37 °C, and then unclamped. An additional group with one adhesive (pH = 3.0) was prepared in which the dual-cure core materials were light-cured. The bonded specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 24 hours. The specimens were mounted on a testing clamp and de-bonded in a universal testing machine with a load applied to a circular notched-edge blade at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until bond failure. The maximum load divided by the area of the button was recorded as the shear bond strength. The data was analyzed via 2-way ANOVA. Results: The analysis of bond strength via 2-way ANOVA determined statistically significant differences between the adhesives, the core materials, and their interaction (p &lt; 0.01). There was a general trend in shear bond strength for the adhesives, where pH 4.0 &gt; 3.0 &gt; 1.0. The amine-free core materials consistently demonstrated higher shear bond strengths as compared to the other core materials when chemically cured only. Light-curing improved bond strength for some materials with perceived incompatibility. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an incompatibility can exist between self-etching adhesives and dual-cure resin composite core materials. A decrease in the pH of the utilized adhesive corresponded to a decrease in the bond strength of dual-cure core materials when self-curing. This incompatibility may be minimized with the use of core materials formulated with amine-free chemistry. Alternatively, the dual-cure core materials may be light-cured.

Comparison of Bond Strength of Different Eighth-Generation Adhesives in Orthodontic Bonding

2025-06-20
M Garg , Mandeep Bhullar , Gaurav Ahuja +3 more | Cureus

Assessing the Post-Processing Effect on the Dimensional Accuracy of Additive-Manufactured Surgical Stents

2025-06-20
Bhavini Bharat Solanki , Hema Agnihotri , Dibya Deepika Mohapatra +3 more | Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences
A BSTRACT Purpose: To assess the impact of various post-processing techniques on the dimensional accuracy of additive-manufactured dental surgical stents. Dimensional stability is critical for stents used in surgical applications, 
 A BSTRACT Purpose: To assess the impact of various post-processing techniques on the dimensional accuracy of additive-manufactured dental surgical stents. Dimensional stability is critical for stents used in surgical applications, and understanding the effects of post-processing can inform better manufacturing practices. Methodology: An in vitro study was conducted using 30 computer-aided design (CAD)-designed dental stents, printed with a high-resolution resin-based three-dimensional (3D) printer. The stents were divided into three groups ( n = 10 per group) for different post-processing treatments: ultraviolet (UV) curing, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) cleaning followed by UV curing, and autoclave sterilization. Dimensional measurements at key points were obtained using a 3D scanner and compared to the CAD model. Statistical analysis determined significant deviations between groups. Results: The control group showed minimal dimensional deviation. UV curing resulted in a slight increase in deviation ( P = 0.04), while IPA + UV curing did not significantly alter accuracy ( P = 0.20). Autoclave sterilization showed the most significant deviation ( P &lt; 0.05), indicating that high-temperature sterilization compromised dimensional accuracy. Conclusion: UV curing and IPA cleaning maintained close dimensional integrity, making them suitable for applications where both accuracy and material strength are needed. Autoclave sterilization, however, introduced considerable dimensional changes, suggesting the need for alternative sterilization methods for high-precision dental stents.

Isn't mechanical cleaning enough?

2025-06-20
| BDJ Team

Rat Subcutaneous Tissue Reaction to New Dental Restorative Composite Resin Copolymers Containing 2π + 2π Photo-dimerized Cinnamyl Methacrylate Crosslinker: A Histocompatibility Research

2025-06-20
Ranganathan Ajay , Suma Karthigeyan , Venkatesan Sudhakar +3 more | World Journal of Dentistry

Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Basis Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas Dalam Larutan Kopi, Teh, dan Jamu Terhadap Stabilitas Warna

2025-06-20
Rona Oktavia Sitompul , Eddy Dahar | Cerdika Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Heat-cured acrylic resin (HCAR) denture base is widely used in prosthodontic practice due to its affordability and ease of manipulation. However, its hydrophilic nature and porosity make it prone to 
 Heat-cured acrylic resin (HCAR) denture base is widely used in prosthodontic practice due to its affordability and ease of manipulation. However, its hydrophilic nature and porosity make it prone to discoloration when exposed to colored beverages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of immersion duration in coffee, tea, and herbal solutions on the color stability of HCAR denture base. Sixty cylindrical HCAR samples (20 mm × 3 mm) were immersed in each solution for 3, 5, and 7 days, and color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences in color stability among the groups (p &gt; 0.05). The highest mean discoloration was observed in the herbal group after 7 days (1.04 ± 0.10), while the lowest was in the coffee and tea groups after 3 days (0.85 ± 0.15 and 0.85 ± 0.17). Clinically, these findings are significant because they suggest that short-term exposure to commonly consumed beverages such as coffee, tea, and herbal drinks does not significantly affect the color stability of HCAR denture bases within an estimated 2.8-year usage period. This insight is valuable for prosthodontists when advising patients on dietary habits and maintenance routines to preserve the aesthetic quality of their prosthetic appliances over time.

Could Tack-Curing Influence Margin Continuity and Conversion Degree of a Universal Dual-Curing Cement?

2025-06-19
Leila Es Sebar , Andrea Baldi , Allegra Comba +5 more | Materials
Proper polymerization protocol is crucial for the long-term success of full-ceramic crown restorations. This study investigates the margin continuity and degree of conversion (DC) of a universal dual-curing cement under 
 Proper polymerization protocol is crucial for the long-term success of full-ceramic crown restorations. This study investigates the margin continuity and degree of conversion (DC) of a universal dual-curing cement under full-ceramic crowns subjected to different polymerization protocols and thermal aging. Intact human upper central incisors and canines were prepared for crowns, digitally designed, and milled from reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo, Dentsply). Crowns were cemented using a universal dual-curing cement (G-Cem One, GC) with two polymerization protocols: (G1) microbrush excess removal, 1 min waiting, and 20 s light curing per side; (G2) 5 s tack curing per side, excess removal with a scaler, and 20 s light curing. Marginal adaptation was assessed using micro-computed tomography, and DC was evaluated with Raman spectroscopy before and after artificial thermal aging (10,000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C). Statistical comparisons were performed with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed significantly poorer marginal adaptation in the tack-curing group, with no post-aging differences between groups. Baseline DC was high in all samples, with no protocol-dependent variations; nevertheless, aging increased DC in G1. These findings highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate polymerization protocol to ensure optimal marginal adaptation and polymerization efficiency.

Adhesion of 3D-Printed Versus Milled Resin Posts to Composite Resin Core Build-Up Material: Influence of Surface Treatments

2025-06-19
Khalid K. Alanazi , Ali Robaian , Abdullah Alshehri +7 more | Polymers
Background: There are very few studies in literature concerning the bonding between 3D-printed resin posts and the core build-up material. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the adhesion of 
 Background: There are very few studies in literature concerning the bonding between 3D-printed resin posts and the core build-up material. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the adhesion of 3D-printed and milled resin posts to composite resin core build-up material following different surface treatments. Methods: Three types of resin posts were utilized in this study: ready-made glass-reinforced fiber post (3M ESPE, Germany), milled PEEK POST (Bredent, Germany), and 3D-printed resin post (CROWNTEC, Saremco Dental AG, Switzerland). Each type of post was categorized into three groups based on surface treatments: C: untreated surfaces; SB: Air abrasion with 50 ÎŒm aluminum oxide particles was applied to the posts' surfaces.; HO: the posts' surfaces were immersed in 30% H2O2 for 5 min. A dual-cured composite resin (Grandio DC; VOCO) was utilized for core build-up in each group to evaluate adhesion through the push-out bond strength test. The modes of failure were analyzed, and the surface morphology of the post was characterized using SEM. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with Tukey's test. Results: The two-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect for surface treatment (F = 583.54, p < 001), post type (F = 79.96, p < 0.001), and their interactions (F = 265.74, p < 0.001). Regarding 3D-printed resin post, 30% H2O2 for 5 min recorded the highest statistically significant bond strength value (13.11 ± 1.61) compared to other groups. Regarding the milled PEEK post, the air particle abrasion recorded the highest statistically significant value (23.88 ± 1.66) compared to other groups. Adhesive failure was the predominant failure type, with an occurrence rate of 70.35%. Mixed failure was noted in 24.07% of the cases, with a significant prevalence in the PEEK post within the air particle abrasion group (58.3%). Cohesive failure was noted in 5.54% of cases, with a significant prevalence in the air particle abrasion group, occurring at rates of 16.6% in the resin fiber post group and 33.3% in PEEK posts. Conclusions: Air particle abrasion significantly improved the push-out bond strength of milled PEEK posts, but it did not have a similar effect on the 3D-printed resin posts. The application of 30% H2O2 for 5 min to 3D-printed resin post enhanced the adhesion to core build-up material. The manufacturing method of posts, the surface treatments utilized, and their interactions affect the interfacial bond strength between posts and the composite resin core build-up material.

Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study

2025-06-19
Passent Ellakany , Yousif A. Al‐Dulaijan , Nourhan M. Aly +4 more | F1000Research
<ns3:p>Background This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses. Methods Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium 
 <ns3:p>Background This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses. Methods Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) lithium disilicate (LD), and leucite reinforced (LE), and at three varying thicknesses 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm were examined. After subjecting all specimens to 5000 thermomechanical cycles, flexural strength was determined using a universal testing apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for analysis. Two factorial ANOVA models assessed the association of different factors (ceramic type and thickness) with flexural strength and elastic modulus. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted means were computed. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was designated significant. Results ZLS exhibited the highest flexural strength at 1.5 mm thickness, while LD showed the highest Young’s modulus of elasticity. The lowest flexural strength was observed in the 0.5 mm thickness group of all tested groups. There were notable variations in flexural strength across all ceramic materials, with the highest adjusted mean strength in the ZLS group, ALD, LD, and LE, respectively. Additionally, significant differences were noted in ceramic thickness, with 1.5 mm thickness showing the highest strength and 0.5 mm thickness the lowest. Conclusions Ceramic material thickness significantly impacts flexural strength, with 1.5 mm thickness deemed suitable for posterior restorations. Ceramic materials with zirconia fillers or matrix demonstrated higher flexural strength than other ceramics.</ns3:p>

Effects of complete‐arch digital scanning techniques on the passive fit of CAD‐CAM verification devices

2025-06-19
Natalie Asavanant , Chao‐Chieh Yang , Hawra AlQallaf +4 more | Journal of Prosthodontics
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of different complete‐arch digital scanning techniques on the passive fit of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) verification devices. Materials and Methods A mandibular 
 Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of different complete‐arch digital scanning techniques on the passive fit of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) verification devices. Materials and Methods A mandibular master cast with four multiunit abutment implant analogs was used as the basis for fabricating verification devices through three impression techniques. Group 1 employed a conventional open‐tray impression technique using polyvinyl siloxane material, Group 2 utilized digital scans of splinted scanbodies reinforced with a light‐polymerizing acrylic resin and metal mesh, and Group 3 applied digital scans of reverse scanbodies connected to a passively fitting interim prosthesis. A total of 60 CAD‐CAM verification devices were fabricated, including 10 milled and 10 3D‐printed devices across the three groups. The misfit of verification devices was assessed using visual inspection, tactile sensation, and a one‐screw test, with any disagreements between the two primary examiners resolved by a third evaluator. Agreement between the clinicians was assessed using crosstabs, kappa statistics, and percent agreement separately for the visual and tactile evaluations. The percentage of misfits was calculated for each group and compared between groups using Fisher's exact tests ( α = 0.05). Results Milled verification devices exhibited superior passive fit compared to 3D‐printed devices across all groups. The Group 1 conventional open‐tray technique with milled devices achieved a misfit percentage of 0%, significantly outperforming other groups. Group 3 reverse scanbodies with milled devices followed with a 20% misfit rate, while Group 2 splinted scanbodies with auxiliary features and milled devices showed the highest misfit rate at 60%. Among 3D‐printed devices, Group 1 had the lowest misfit rate at 50%, followed by Group 3 at 60%, and Group 2 at 80%. The agreement between examiners was substantial, with a kappa statistic of 0.77 and 88% consistency. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in misfit rates, highlighting the advantages of conventional methods and milled devices in achieving superior fit. Conclusion The conventional splinted open‐tray impression technique, combined with milled verification devices, demonstrated superior fit and outperformed other impression and manufacturing techniques. The reverse scanbody protocol performed better than splinted scanbodies with auxiliary features, although it still showed variability. Conversely, 3D‐printed verification devices demonstrated higher misfit rates, limiting their clinical applicability for verifying implant positions in complete‐arch prostheses.

Comparative evaluation of two natural collagen-cross linking agents on the long-term microtensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin– an invitro study

2025-06-19
S. Bhagavathi Perumal , Preethi Varadan , Mathan Rajan Rajendran | Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Influence of Post-Printing Polymerization Time on the Elution of Residual Monomers and Water Sorption of 3D-Printed Resin Composite

2025-06-19
Shaima Alharbi , Abdulrahman Alshabib , Hamad Algamaiah +2 more | Materials
This study evaluated the effect of post-printing polymerization time on residual monomer elution and water sorption in a 3D-printed resin composite. Eighty samples were fabricated and assigned to four groups 
 This study evaluated the effect of post-printing polymerization time on residual monomer elution and water sorption in a 3D-printed resin composite. Eighty samples were fabricated and assigned to four groups based on post-curing duration: 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. Each group was subdivided according to two storage conditions (distilled water and 75% ethanol–water solution), and evaluated at 1 and 7 days. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantified eluted monomers. Additionally, 40 specimens underwent a 4-month sorption/desorption cycle for water sorption and solubility assessment. Data were statistically analyzed using kernel regression (monomer data) and Welch ANOVA (water sorption and solubility) at a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. BisEMA was the only monomer detected, with significantly higher elution recorded in ethanol-based storage. Increasing post-curing time notably reduced both monomer release and water sorption/solubility (p &lt; 0.001); however, the optimal results were observed at 40 min post-curing. These findings suggest that extending post-curing beyond an optimal threshold does not further improve composite properties, underscoring the importance of identifying precise curing parameters in order to enhance durability and material performance.

Surface Evaluation of a Novel Acid-Etching Solution for Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate

2025-06-19
Clint Conner , FĂĄbio Andretti , Abraham Ayala HernĂĄndez +6 more | Materials
The current investigation evaluated a novel acid-etching solution containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) designed for etching zirconia ceramics. 
 The current investigation evaluated a novel acid-etching solution containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) designed for etching zirconia ceramics. Achieving reliable bonding to zirconia is challenging due to its chemical inertia, unlike lithium disilicate, which can be effectively conditioned with HF etching. One hundred and twenty specimens of zirconia and lithium disilicate underwent etching with the experimental solution for six different durations: control, 20 s, 60 s, 5 min, 30 min, and 1 h. Surface roughness was assessed using 3D optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness of both materials increased with etching time; however, lithium disilicate demonstrated a significantly greater response, with Ra values rising from 0.18 ”m (control) to 1.26 ”m (1 h), while zirconia increased from 0.21 ”m to 0.60 ”m. ANOVA revealed significant effects depending on the ceramic type, time, and their interaction (p < 0.001). SEM images revealed non-selective etching of lithium disilicate, suggesting potential over-etching. The novel acid-etching solution improved surface roughness, especially in lithium disilicate ceramics. An application duration of one hour appears optimal for zirconia, improving surface characteristics while reducing damage; however, further research is required to assess its clinical safety and long-term effects on the mechanical properties of this dental ceramic.

Do 3D-Printed and Milled Denture Bases Differ in Microbial Activity and Adhesion? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2025-06-19
Sarah Arzani , Erfan Khorasani , Aida Mokhlesi +3 more | International Dental Journal

Gingival Contouring and Smile Makeover Through Digital Planning and 3D Guidance

2025-06-19
Rim Bourgi | Journal of Clinical Medical Research
Background: Gingivectomy plays a vital role in restorative dentistry, especially for patients with uneven gingival architecture. Traditional techniques often present challenges in achieving precision and symmetry. This case report demonstrates 
 Background: Gingivectomy plays a vital role in restorative dentistry, especially for patients with uneven gingival architecture. Traditional techniques often present challenges in achieving precision and symmetry. This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of a fully digital workflow for planning and performing gingivectomy, aiming to improve clinical accuracy and esthetic outcomes. A mock-up was also fabricated post-surgery to visualize the expected final result and assist in guiding subsequent treatment. Methods: A comprehensive digital workflow was implemented, starting with an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based smile simulation to preview the esthetic outcome. A digital smile design was used to fabricate a combined tooth and gingival reduction guide through Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The guide was stored under controlled conditions to maintain dimensional stability. Provisional restorations were milled from Mono Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a dedicated CAD/CAM temporary material and also served as the mock-up. Laser-assisted gingivectomy was then performed using the three-Dimensional (3D)-printed guide, followed by placement of the provisional restorations. Results: The digital workflow enabled precise gingival contouring, accurate guide fit and harmonious integration between gingival margins and restorative contours. The mock-up provided clear visualization of the esthetic improvements, with minimal invasiveness and high patient satisfaction. The PMMA provisionals exhibited excellent esthetics and biological compatibility. Conclusion: This case underscores the advantages of integrating AI-driven planning and CAD/CAM technology in periodontal and restorative dentistry. The digital approach facilitated precise surgical execution, predictable outcomes, and effective communication with the patient. The high-quality mock-up not only enhanced patient acceptance but also served as a reliable template for subsequent esthetic treatment phases.

Enhanced Antimicrobial and Osteointegration Properties of 317L-Cu Stainless Steel Dental Implants for Diabetic Patients

2025-06-19
Pengyu Lei , Leyan Xu , Jiahui Ma +7 more | Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects

Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Implant-Supported Provisional Crowns Fabricated by Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing, Three-Dimensional Printing, and Conventional Self-Curing

2025-06-18
Abhinav Shekhar , Amit Kumar Rana , Shitij Srivastava +3 more | Cureus

From Conventional to Smart Prosthetics: Redefining Complete Denture Therapy Through Technology and Regenerative Science

2025-06-18
Andreea BorƟ , Simona Mucenic , Adriana Monea +2 more | Medicina
Background and Objectives: Complete dentures remain a primary solution for oral rehabilitation in aging and medically compromised populations. The integration of digital workflows, regenerative materials, and smart technologies is propelling 
 Background and Objectives: Complete dentures remain a primary solution for oral rehabilitation in aging and medically compromised populations. The integration of digital workflows, regenerative materials, and smart technologies is propelling prosthodontics towards a new era, transcending the limitations of traditional static prostheses. Materials and Methods: This narrative review synthesizes historical developments, current practices, and future innovations in complete denture therapy. A comprehensive review of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025) was conducted, with a focus on materials science, digital design, patient-centered care, artificial intelligence (AI), and sustainable fabrication. Results: Innovations in the field include high-performance polymers, CAD–CAM systems, digital impressions, smart sensors, and bioactive liners. Recent trends in the field include the development of self-monitoring prostheses, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven design platforms, and bioprinted regenerative bases. These advances have been shown to enhance customization, durability, hygiene, and patient satisfaction. However, challenges persist in terms of accessibility, clinician training, regulatory validation, and ethical integration of digital data. Conclusions: The field of complete denture therapy is undergoing a transition toward a new paradigm of prosthetics that are personalized, intelligent, and sustainable. To ensure the integration of these technologies into standard care, ongoing interdisciplinary research, clinical validation, and equitable implementation are imperative.

Effects of High-concentration Doxycycline versus Chlorhexidine as Dentin Pretreatment on Composite Resin Micro-tensile Bond Strength

2025-06-18
Rasha Ramadan , Dalia M. Abouelmagd | The Open Dentistry Journal
Objective To assess the effect of 10% doxycycline (DOX) compared to 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on the longevity of dentin-bond strength. Methods Sixty-six extracted molars were collected and prepared and divided 
 Objective To assess the effect of 10% doxycycline (DOX) compared to 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on the longevity of dentin-bond strength. Methods Sixty-six extracted molars were collected and prepared and divided into two groups based on the test to be performed. Group I (n=48) for the micro-tensile bond strength (”TBS) test and Group II (n=18) for the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) test. Group I was divided into 3 subgroups (n=16) according to pretreatment agent following acid etching. Group A (control): without pretreatment, group B: 10% Doxycycline pretreatment, Group C: 2% Chlorhexidine pretreatment. Palfique universal bond (PU) and Composite resin were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Group II was divided into 3 subgroups (n=6) based on the same pretreatment protocols used in Group I. However, for resin-dentin bond evaluation using CLSM, 0.1 mg/mL Rhodamine B fluorescent dye was mixed with the adhesive. After that, all subgroups of group I and group II were subdivided into 2 subdivisions:(T1) without thermocycling and (T2) thermocycling for 10000 cycles. ”TBS testing was achieved via a digital universal testing machine. The failure mode was tested by a stereomicroscope (30x magnification). Results Intergroup comparison of mean ”TBS values (MPa) was performed using one-way ANOVA, then by Tukey post-hoc test with statistical significance at p ≀ 0.016. In contrast, intragroup comparison was achieved using a paired t-test with a statistical significance of p ≀ 0.05. Comparison between categorical data was made using a chi-square test. The 10% DOX pretreatment group showed significantly higher ”TBS values than CHX and the control group with and without thermocycling ( p &lt; 0.001). No statistically significant difference in failure modes was recorded among groups without and with thermocycling. There was no correlation between ”TBS and failure mode performed using Spearman’s rank correlation. CLSM revealed that the 10% DOX group exhibited greater resin infiltration with a thicker hybrid layer. Both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors created a uniform hybrid layer. Conclusions Pre-treatment with MMP inhibitors might have inhibited the degradation of resin-dentin interfaces. In addition, 10% DOX pretreatment for 60 seconds after etching appears to be more efficient in enhancing the durability of the bond. Additionally, the composition of PU may influence bond strength, warranting further investigation. Moreover, thermocycling may adversely impact the micro-tensile bond strength.

Do Carbon Nanotubebased Adhesive Restorations Enhance Bonding and Antibacterial Activity? A Systematic Review

2025-06-18
Ahana Shetty , Padma Ariga , MR Manjunath +2 more | Advances in Human Biology
Abstract The ongoing process of evolution is inducing substantial transformations in several facets of human practices, resulting in the advent of a novel epoch referred to as nanotechnology. This systematic 
 Abstract The ongoing process of evolution is inducing substantial transformations in several facets of human practices, resulting in the advent of a novel epoch referred to as nanotechnology. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the utilisation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and evaluate their superior bonding and antibacterial properties in comparison to conventional bonding methods for dental applications, both presently and in the future. A search strategy was created and implemented right away after appropriately articulating the inclusion and exclusion criteria. EBSCOhost, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Campbell Collaboration, Cochrane Library and ProQuest were a few of the databases used to find research. The report of the systematic review, which comprised both the research that was included and the research that was not included, was represented using a flowchart that complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist. Using the keywords, a database search yielded 159 studies in total, whereas a manual search turned up four more research. Eleven studies were included in this systematic review for qualitative analysis after the publications were screened and excluded. According to the findings of the systematic review, the CNTs exhibited a high degree of adhesion to the tooth surfaces. To create the stable coating that was produced on the dentine’s surface, both single-walled CNT and multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) were used. The shear bonding strength was maintained in the process. In addition to Gram-negative bacteria, MWCNT also showed significant antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive pathogens.

Esthetic Solutions for Anterior Teeth: Resin Composites or Dental Ceramics?

2025-06-18
Ronaldo Hirata , Sidney Kina , Rafael Verardino de Camargo +1 more | PubMed
This article reviews and contrasts resin composites and dental ceramics for anterior esthetic restorations, highlighting their fundamental properties, indications, and clinical performance. Resin composites excel in minor or localized cases-such 
 This article reviews and contrasts resin composites and dental ceramics for anterior esthetic restorations, highlighting their fundamental properties, indications, and clinical performance. Resin composites excel in minor or localized cases-such as class III and IV cavities, minor contour modifications, or closure of small diastemas-owing to their straightforward application, color-matching capabilities, and minimal tooth preparation requirements. However, they are vulnerable to issues like discoloration, wear, and marginal staining, and often need periodic repolishing or repair. Dental ceramics demonstrate superior longevity, color stability, and resistance to wear, making them the preferred choice for extensive rehabilitations, larger restorations, and compromised teeth requiring crowns or bridges. While ceramics generally involve more invasive preparations and demand meticulous bonding procedures, their inert nature and high mechanical strength often result in outstanding long-term outcomes when properly executed. Clinical decision-making should account for factors such as tooth structure, occlusion, patient's age and habits (e.g., parafunctions), staining risk, and esthetic demands. Ultimately, striking the right balanc between biology, function, and esthetics is essential to avoid overtreatment and preserve natural dentition. Through illustrative case studies and a synthesis of relevant literature, this article provides practical guidelines for selecting the most appropriate material for each clinical scenario.

Why are soft collagenous tissues so tough?

2025-06-18
Jingyuan Tang , Xi Chen , Fengkai Liu +3 more | Science Advances
Bovine pericardium is the tissue of choice for replacing heart valves of human patients in minimally invasive surgery. The tissue has an extraordinarily high toughness of ~100 kilojoules per square 
 Bovine pericardium is the tissue of choice for replacing heart valves of human patients in minimally invasive surgery. The tissue has an extraordinarily high toughness of ~100 kilojoules per square meter. Here, we investigate the origin of the toughness through mechanical tests and microscopic observations. In the tissue, crimped, long, strong collagen fibers are embedded in a soft matrix. As a crack grows in the matrix, the fibers decrimp, reorient, slip, and bridge the crack. These microscopic processes enable the fibers to transmit high tension over a long distance. Using two types of experiments, we measure the bridging traction as a function of crack separation, σ(ÎŽ). The peak traction is σ 0 ~ 60 megapascals. The maximum separation is ÎŽ 0 ~ 6 millimeters, two to four orders of magnitude higher than that of hard tissues. Both the high traction and large separation of the bovine pericardium contribute to its high toughness.

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of 3D-Printed Dental Resins Reinforced with Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles

2025-06-18
Andreea BorƟ | Dentistry Journal
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the chemical structure and molecular interactions in 3D-printed dental resins reinforced with varying concentrations of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles, using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess 
 Background/Objectives: This study investigates the chemical structure and molecular interactions in 3D-printed dental resins reinforced with varying concentrations of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles, using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess the compatibility and bonding behavior at the molecular level. Methods: Three groups of 3D-printed methacrylate-based resin discs were fabricated: a control (0% YSZ), and experimental groups reinforced with 1% and 3% YSZ nanoparticles. Samples were produced using Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology and post-processed under standardized conditions. FTIR spectra were collected via ATR mode over a wavenumber range of 4000-600 cm-1. Spectral differences at key wavenumbers (1721.16, 1237.11, and 929.62 cm-1) were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: FTIR spectra showed no significant shifts in the ester carbonyl band at 1721.16 cm-1, suggesting the preservation of the core resin matrix. However, a statistically significant increase in absorbance at 1237.11 cm-1 was observed in the 1% YSZ group (p = 0.034), indicating dipolar interaction. A distinct new peak at 929.62 cm-1, corresponding to Zr-O vibrations, emerged in the 3% YSZ group (p = 0.002), confirming successful nanoparticle integration. Conclusions: YSZ nanoparticles enhance specific molecular interactions within methacrylate-based dental resins without compromising structural integrity. These findings support the potential application of YSZ-reinforced 3D-printed resins in durable, biocompatible permanent dental restorations.

Comparison of the marginal fit of soft-machined monolithic zirconia crowns

2025-06-18
Yadel Hazır Tekin , Yeliz Hayran | Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care
Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the marginal fit of five different soft machined monolithic zirconia materials. Methods: A mandibular right first molar on an acrylic model 
 Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the marginal fit of five different soft machined monolithic zirconia materials. Methods: A mandibular right first molar on an acrylic model was prepared with standardized dimensions using diamond burs. Fifty metal duplicates were fabricated via laser sintering with Co-Cr alloy and divided into five groups (n=10). All duplicates were scanned using a CAD/CAM system, and zirconia crowns with a 1.5mm occlusal thickness and 20”m cement space were produced. Following sintering, marginal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique. The obtained silicone replicas were sectioned into four parts mesiodistally and buccolingually using a scalpel. The marginal gaps of the samples were examined using a stereomicroscope under 10×magnification. Marginal gap measurements were performed at four specific points where the crown margin was closest to the cemento-enamel junction: mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. For each crown, the measurements were repeated three times, and the mean value was recorded. A total of 600 measurements were performed for 50 crowns. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (p

Marginal adaptation of zirconia and porcelain fused to metal crowns fabricated by different CAD/CAM milling and lost-wax techniques: a comparative study

2025-06-18
Abdullah Hashem Mohammed , Ibrahim Zaid Al-Shami , Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi +2 more | Romanian Journal of Stomatology
Objective. This in vitro study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated using two different CAD/CAM milling units (CORiTEC 150 and CERAMILL motion DRS) with porcelain-fused-to-metal 
 Objective. This in vitro study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated using two different CAD/CAM milling units (CORiTEC 150 and CERAMILL motion DRS) with porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns produced using the conventional lost-wax technique. Methods. Thirty standardized resin models of an upper first molar were prepared and divided into three groups (n = 10 per group). Twenty zirconia crowns were milled using the CORiTEC 150 and CERAMILL motion DRS systems, while PFM crowns were fabricated using the lost-wax technique. All crowns were cemented, aged for 48 hours, and sectioned to measure marginal discrepancies at six points per specimen under 40× stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and ANOVA followed by post hoc tests, with p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. The CORiTEC 150 group demonstrated the lowest mean marginal discrepancy (55.83 ± 19.39 ”m), followed by CERAMILL motion DRS (69.98 ± 20.38 ”m), while PFM crowns showed the highest values (109.72 ± 42.47 ”m). CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia crowns exhibited significantly smaller marginal gaps than PFM crowns (p &lt; 0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed statistically significant differences between all pairwise comparisons (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. All groups demonstrated marginal adaptation within clinically acceptable limits. CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia crowns outperformed PFM crowns. Among the tested systems, CORiTEC 150 showed the best marginal adaptation. These findings suggest that CAD/CAM zirconia crowns, especially those produced by CORiTEC 150, may enhance long-term clinical success by reducing the risk of microleakage, secondary caries, and cement dissolution.

Evaluating the effect of repeated autoclave cycles on the glossiness of pediatric zirconia crowns

2025-06-18
M R Arun Raj , Mahesh Ramakrishnan , J. Shanti Swarup | Romanian Journal of Stomatology
Background and objectives. Dental caries, the most prevalent infectious disease in children, can lead to significant tooth destruction that needs to be repaired. Zirconia crowns, in particular, are excellent for 
 Background and objectives. Dental caries, the most prevalent infectious disease in children, can lead to significant tooth destruction that needs to be repaired. Zirconia crowns, in particular, are excellent for restoring both function and appearance in children when compared to stainless steel. The durability and attractive appearance of zirconia crowns have made them more popular, despite the fact that they are more expensive and require more preparation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of repeated autoclave cycles on the glossiness of pediatric zirconia crowns. Materials and methods. Glossiness of the labial and palatal surfaces of pediatric zirconia crowns from two manufacturers was measured on 24 specimens using a small-area gloss meter. Samples were equally divided as Group 1 = 12 crowns (Nu-Smile), Group 2 = 12 crowns (Kids E Dental Crowns). Glossiness was measured using a small surface-area glossometer. The crowns were placed on the aperture of the glossometer and the same location on the occlusal or palatal surfaces was measured. Initial gloss readings were taken for all 24 samples. After each cycle of sterilization, glossiness was measured and the values were tabulated. Results. The gloss meter evaluation revealed divergent trends between the two crown systems upon sequential autoclave sterilization. Nu-Smile crowns demonstrated a progressive decline in glossiness across cycles, with mean values of 10.16 ± 2.71 (baseline), 8.08 ± 2.44 (after first cycle), and 7.10 ± 2.51 (after second cycle). In contrast, Kids E crowns exhibited an incremental rise in gloss values—10.62 ± 3.88, 14.94 ± 4.54, and 15.89 ± 6.15, respectively. While intergroup comparisons via independent t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences at any time point, intra-group analysis using paired t-tests indicated a significant increase in gloss values within the Kids E group across sterilization cycles (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. Kids E crowns exhibited higher mean glossiness than Nu-Smile, though differences were not statistically significant. The post-sterilization gloss increase in Kids E crowns may reflect material-specific surface changes requiring further investigation.

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of two pit and fissure sealants: an in vitro study

2025-06-18
Elanthendral Saravanan , Lavanya Govindaraju | Romanian Journal of Stomatology
Background and objectives. Pit and fissure caries account for a significant proportion of dental caries, particularly in children. Traditional resin-based sealants, while effective, pose application challenges. The clinical success of 
 Background and objectives. Pit and fissure caries account for a significant proportion of dental caries, particularly in children. Traditional resin-based sealants, while effective, pose application challenges. The clinical success of a sealant depends on its adhesion, wear resistance, and ability to withstand occlusal forces. This study evaluates the shear bond strength of a Giomer-based resin sealant, Beautisealant (Shofu, Japan), compared to a conventional resin sealant (Clinpro, 3M ESPE) in permanent teeth. Materials and methods. This in vitro study involved 10 premolars and 10 third molars extracted for orthodontic and impaction reasons. The specimens were assigned to four groups (n = 5). Groups I and III received Clinpro with etching, bonding, and curing, while Groups II and IV received Beautisealant with a self-etch primer and light curing. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Results. Statistical analysis showed significantly higher shear bond strength for Clinpro compared to Beautisealant (p &lt; 0.05). Mean shear bond strength was 62.10 ± 2.37 MPa (premolars) and 72.63 ± 3.89 MPa (molars) for Clinpro, while Beautisealant exhibited 54.45 ± 3.44 MPa (premolars) and 66.53 ± 4.04 MPa (molars). Bond strength was consistently higher in molars. Conclusion. Clinpro demonstrated superior shear bond strength. However, Beautisealant, with its self-etching primer and bioactive fillers, may be a viable alternative in cases where moisture control is difficult. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings.

Aesthetic rehabilitation with fixed prosthetic restorations using monolithic zirconia

2025-06-18
Vasile Paraschiv , Alexandra-Elena Biculescu , Hristo Rusev +2 more | Romanian Journal of Stomatology
Background. Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation in patients with outdated prosthetic restorations and occlusal imbalances remains a significant challenge within contemporary dental practice. The clinical case discussed involves a young patient 
 Background. Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation in patients with outdated prosthetic restorations and occlusal imbalances remains a significant challenge within contemporary dental practice. The clinical case discussed involves a young patient expressing dissatisfaction with the visual appearance of existing dental prostheses. Methods. The prosthetic approach was characterized by the precise fitting of monolithic zirconia restorations onto the prepared abutments and the establishment of a stable occlusal relationship. Results. Zirconia-based prosthetic solutions are known to support a natural-looking aesthetic outcome while offering excellent functional performance and high biocompatibility. These restorations exhibit enhanced mechanical strength and long-term durability, making them particularly suitable for individuals with parafunctional habits such as bruxism. Moreover, zirconia demonstrates favorable interactions with both soft and hard oral tissues, contributing to the long-term clinical success of the prosthetic treatment. Conclusion. In this particular case, the use of monolithic zirconia facilitated the restoration of occlusal harmony and improved dental aesthetics, ultimately leading to the recovery of oral functionality and the patient’s renewed confidence in their smile.

Impact of deep margin elevation on premolar endo-crown’s fracture resistance after thermocycling: an in vitro study

2025-06-18
Diana Altaki , Fatma Ahmed , Ahmed Mohsen Foad +1 more | The Saudi Dental Journal
Deep Margin Elevation (DME) is a restorative technique that lifts deep proximal cavities, allowing for better restoration margins. The effect of DME materials on the fracture resistance of premolar endocrowns 
 Deep Margin Elevation (DME) is a restorative technique that lifts deep proximal cavities, allowing for better restoration margins. The effect of DME materials on the fracture resistance of premolar endocrowns is not well understood. This study compared the fracture resistance of premolar endocrown employing two DME materials, SDR flowable composite and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), after thermocycling. 54 endodontically treated premolars were assigned into three groups (n = 18) and prepared to receive polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) endocrowns. The cervical margins of the control group (E1) were set 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and restored directly with Endocrown. Group E2: Endocrown was used to reconstruct the teeth after a deep margin was raised to a height of 1 mm above the CEJ using flowable composite. Group E3: teeth were rebuilt as in the E2 group, and a deep margin was raised with RMGI. Following cementation, the samples underwent 10,000 cycles in two water baths with varying temperatures (5-55). Next, Standardized testing procedures were used to evaluate the fracture resistance. After thermocycling, Group E2 displayed the greatest mean fracture load value (621 to 833N). The group E3 values were found to be between (577 and 728 N), which was not significantly different from the values of group E1. SDR-based restorations would show improved durability compared to RMGI-based restoration. When isolation is possible, endocrowns made with the combination of SDR and PIC endocrowns may offer promising results without turning to more surgical treatment procedures.

Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Microfracture and Adhesive Remnant Index of Adhesive Precoated Flash-free System vs Conventional Bonding Using Different Debonding Techniques: An In Vitro Study

2025-06-18
Ahmed Hafez , R. El-Gazzar , Reem M Al Shaibah | The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Effect of Air Abrasion Techniques vs Tungsten Carbide Burs on Enamel Surface after Orthodontic Adhesive Remnant Removal

2025-06-18
Marwa Sameh Shamaa , Amal Al-Kahlout , R. El-Gazzar | The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice