Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering

Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the modeling, optimization, and control of networked control systems, covering topics such as stability analysis, event-triggered control, time-delay systems, robust control, switched systems, H8 control, fuzzy control, distributed control, and communication constraints.

Keywords

Networked Control Systems; Stability Analysis; Event-Triggered Control; Time-Delay Systems; Robust Control; Switched Systems; H8 Control; Fuzzy Control; Distributed Control; Communication Constraints

This monograph is a self-contained, coherent presentation of the background and progress of the stability of time-delay systems. Focusing on techniques, tools, and advances in numerical methods and op This monograph is a self-contained, coherent presentation of the background and progress of the stability of time-delay systems. Focusing on techniques, tools, and advances in numerical methods and op
This paper addresses the design of state- or output-feedback H/sub /spl infin// controllers that satisfy additional constraints on the closed-loop pole location. Sufficient conditions for feasibility are derived for a … This paper addresses the design of state- or output-feedback H/sub /spl infin// controllers that satisfy additional constraints on the closed-loop pole location. Sufficient conditions for feasibility are derived for a general class of convex regions of the complex plane. These conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and the authors' formulation is therefore numerically tractable via LMI optimization. In the state-feedback case, mixed H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// synthesis with regional pole placement is also discussed. Finally, the validity and applicability of this approach are illustrated by a benchmark example.
An important class of linear time-varying systems consists of plants where the state-space matrices are fixed functions of some time-varying physical parameters /spl theta/. Small gain techniques can be applied … An important class of linear time-varying systems consists of plants where the state-space matrices are fixed functions of some time-varying physical parameters /spl theta/. Small gain techniques can be applied to such systems to derive robust time-invariant controllers. Yet, this approach is often overly conservative when the parameters /spl theta/ undergo large variations during system operation. In general, higher performance can be achieved by control laws that incorporate available measurements of /spl theta/ and therefore "adjust" to the current plant dynamics. This paper discusses extensions of H/sub /spl infin// synthesis techniques to allow for controller dependence on time-varying but measured parameters. When this dependence is linear fractional, the existence of such gain-scheduled H/sub /spl infin// controllers is fully characterized in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The underlying synthesis problem is therefore a convex program for which efficient optimization techniques are available. The formalism and derivation techniques developed here apply to both the continuous- and discrete-time problems. Existence conditions for robust time-invariant controllers are recovered as a special case, and extensions to gain-scheduling in the face of parametric uncertainty are discussed. In particular, simple heuristics are proposed to compute such controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
This paper will very briefly review the history of the relationship between modern optimal control and robust control. The latter is commonly viewed as having arisen in reaction to certain … This paper will very briefly review the history of the relationship between modern optimal control and robust control. The latter is commonly viewed as having arisen in reaction to certain perceived inadequacies of the former. More recently, the distinction has effectively disappeared. Once-controversial notions of robust control have become thoroughly mainstream, and optimal control methods permeate robust control theory. This has been especially true in H-infinity theory, the primary focus of this paper.
An integral inequality is derived, and applied to the stability problem of time-delay systems using discretized Lyapunov functional formulation. As the result, a simpler stability criterion is derived. An integral inequality is derived, and applied to the stability problem of time-delay systems using discretized Lyapunov functional formulation. As the result, a simpler stability criterion is derived.
In this paper, the problem of sensitivity, reduction by feedback is formulated as an optimization problem and separated from the problem of stabilization. Stable feedback schemes obtainable from a given … In this paper, the problem of sensitivity, reduction by feedback is formulated as an optimization problem and separated from the problem of stabilization. Stable feedback schemes obtainable from a given plant are parameterized. Salient properties of sensitivity reducing schemes are derived, and it is shown that plant uncertainty reduces the ability, of feedback to reduce sensitivity. The theory is developed for input-output systems in a general setting of Banach algebras, and then specialized to a class of multivariable, time-invariant systems characterized by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n \times n</tex> matrices of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H^{\infty}</tex> frequency response functions, either with or without zeros in the right half-plane. The approach is based on the use of a weighted seminorm on the algebra of operators to measure sensitivity, and on the concept of an approximate inverse. Approximate invertibility, of the plant is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition for sensitivity reduction. An indicator of approximate invertibility, called a measure of singularity, is introduced. The measure of singularity of a linear time-invariant plant is shown to be determined by the location of its right half-plane zeros. In the absence of plant uncertainty, the sensitivity, to output disturbances can be reduced to an optimal value approaching the singularity, measure. In particular, if there are no right half-plane zeros, sensitivity can be made arbitrarily small. The feedback schemes used in the optimization of sensitivity resemble the lead-lag networks of classical control design. Some of their properties, and methods of constructing them in special cases are presented.
Abstract This paper deals with H ∞ control problem for systems with parametric uncertainty in all matrices of the system and output equations. The parametric uncertainty under consideration is of … Abstract This paper deals with H ∞ control problem for systems with parametric uncertainty in all matrices of the system and output equations. The parametric uncertainty under consideration is of a linear fractional form. Both the continuous and the discrete-time cases are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic stability with H ∞ disturbance attenuation are obtained.
Recent developments in computer and communication technologies have led to a new type of large-scale resource-constrained wireless embedded control systems. It is desirable in these systems to limit the sensor … Recent developments in computer and communication technologies have led to a new type of large-scale resource-constrained wireless embedded control systems. It is desirable in these systems to limit the sensor and control computation and/or communication to instances when the system needs attention. However, classical sampled-data control is based on performing sensing and actuation periodically rather than when the system needs attention. This paper provides an introduction to event- and self-triggered control systems where sensing and actuation is performed when needed. Event-triggered control is reactive and generates sensor sampling and control actuation when, for instance, the plant state deviates more than a certain threshold from a desired value. Self-triggered control, on the other hand, is proactive and computes the next sampling or actuation instance ahead of time. The basics of these control strategies are introduced together with a discussion on the differences between state feedback and output feedback for event-triggered control. It is also shown how event- and self-triggered control can be implemented using existing wireless communication technology. Some applications to wireless control in process industry are discussed as well.
By a switched system, we mean a hybrid dynamical system consisting of a family of continuous-time subsystems and a rule that orchestrates the switching between them. The article surveys developments … By a switched system, we mean a hybrid dynamical system consisting of a family of continuous-time subsystems and a rule that orchestrates the switching between them. The article surveys developments in three basic problems regarding stability and design of switched systems. These problems are: stability for arbitrary switching sequences, stability for certain useful classes of switching sequences, and construction of stabilizing switching sequences. We also provide motivation for studying these problems by discussing how they arise in connection with various questions of interest in control theory and applications.
The optimal control of linear systems with respect to quadratic performance criteria over an infinite time interval is treated. Both the case in which the terminal state is free and … The optimal control of linear systems with respect to quadratic performance criteria over an infinite time interval is treated. Both the case in which the terminal state is free and that in which the terminal state is constrained to be zero are treated. The integrand of the performance criterion is allowed to be fully quadratic in the control and the state without necessarily satisfying the definiteness conditions which are usually assumed in the standard regulator problem. Frequency-domain and time-domain conditions for the existence of solutions are derived. The algebraic Riccati equation is then examined, and a complete classification of all its solutions is presented. It is finally shown how the optimal control problems introduced in the beginning of the paper may be solved analytically via the algebraic Riccati equation.
In this technical note, we present a new class of event triggering mechanisms for event-triggered control systems. This class is characterized by the introduction of an internal dynamic variable, which … In this technical note, we present a new class of event triggering mechanisms for event-triggered control systems. This class is characterized by the introduction of an internal dynamic variable, which motivates the proposed name of dynamic event triggering mechanism. The stability of the resulting closed-loop system is proved and the influence of design parameters on the decay rate of the Lyapunov function is discussed. For linear systems, we establish a lower bound on the inter-execution time as a function of the parameters. The influence of these parameters on a quadratic integral performance index is also studied. Some simulation results are provided for illustration of the theoretical claims.
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper considers control and estimation problems where the sensor signals and the actuator signals are transmitted to various subsystems over a network. In contrast to traditional … <para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper considers control and estimation problems where the sensor signals and the actuator signals are transmitted to various subsystems over a network. In contrast to traditional control and estimation problems, here the observation and control packets may be lost or delayed. The unreliability of the underlying communication network is modeled stochastically by assigning probabilities to the successful transmission of packets. This requires a novel theory which generalizes classical control/estimation paradigms. The paper offers the foundations of such a novel theory. </para>
Abstract The continuous‐ and discrete‐time H ∞ control problems are solved via elementary manipulations on linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Two interesting new features emerge through this approach: solvability conditions valid … Abstract The continuous‐ and discrete‐time H ∞ control problems are solved via elementary manipulations on linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Two interesting new features emerge through this approach: solvability conditions valid for both regular and singular problems, and an LMI‐based parametrization of all H ∞ ‐suboptimal controllers, including reduced‐order controllers. The solvability conditions involve Riccati inequalities rather than the usual indefinite Riccati equations. Alternatively, these conditions can be expressed as a system of three LMIs. Efficient convex optimization techniques are available to solve this system. Moreover, its solutions parametrize the set of H ∞ controllers and bear important connections with the controller order and the closed‐loop Lyapunov functions. Thanks to such connections, the LMI‐based characterization of H ∞ controllers opens new perspectives for the refinement of H ∞ design. Applications to cancellation‐free design and controller order reduction are discussed and illustrated by examples.
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Networked control systems (NCSs) are spatially distributed systems for which the communication between sensors, actuators, and controllers is supported by a shared communication network. We review several … <para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Networked control systems (NCSs) are spatially distributed systems for which the communication between sensors, actuators, and controllers is supported by a shared communication network. We review several recent results on estimation, analysis, and controller synthesis for NCSs. The results surveyed address channel limitations in terms of packet-rates, sampling, network delay, and packet dropouts. The results are presented in a tutorial fashion, comparing alternative methodologies. </para>
This paper concerns a problem of robust stabilization of uncertain state-delayed systems. A new delay-dependent stabilization condition using a memoryless controller is formulated in terms of matrix inequalities. An algorithm … This paper concerns a problem of robust stabilization of uncertain state-delayed systems. A new delay-dependent stabilization condition using a memoryless controller is formulated in terms of matrix inequalities. An algorithm involving convex optimization is proposed to design a controller guaranteeing a suboptimal maximal delay such that the system can be stabilized for all admissible uncertainties.
The problem of robustly stabilizing a linear uncertain system is considered with emphasis on the interplay between the time-domain results on the quadratic stabilization of uncertain systems and the frequency-domain … The problem of robustly stabilizing a linear uncertain system is considered with emphasis on the interplay between the time-domain results on the quadratic stabilization of uncertain systems and the frequency-domain results on H/sup infinity / optimization. A complete solution to a certain quadratic stabilization problem in which uncertainty enters both the state and the input matrices of the system is given. Relations between these robust stabilization problems and H/sup infinity / control theory are explored. It is also shown that in a number of cases, if a robust stabilization problem can be solved via Lyapunov methods, then it can be also be solved via H/sup infinity / control theory-based methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
During the past several years, there have been increasing research activities in the field of stability analysis and switching stabilization for switched systems. This paper aims to briefly survey recent … During the past several years, there have been increasing research activities in the field of stability analysis and switching stabilization for switched systems. This paper aims to briefly survey recent results in this field. First, the stability analysis for switched systems is reviewed. We focus on the stability analysis for switched linear systems under arbitrary switching, and we highlight necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability. After a brief review of the stability analysis under restricted switching and the multiple Lyapunov function theory, the switching stabilization problem is studied, and a variety of switching stabilization methods found in the literature are outlined. Then the switching stabilizability problem is investigated, that is under what condition it is possible to stabilize a switched system by properly designing switching control laws. Note that the switching stabilizability problem has been one of the most elusive problems in the switched systems literature. A necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic stabilizability of switched linear systems is described here.
This note is concerned with event-triggered <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller design for networked control systems. A novel event-triggering scheme is proposed, which has some advantages over some … This note is concerned with event-triggered <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller design for networked control systems. A novel event-triggering scheme is proposed, which has some advantages over some existing schemes. A delay system model for the analysis is firstly constructed by investigating the effect of the network transmission delay. Then, based on this model, criteria for stability with an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> norm bound and criteria for co-designing both the feedback gain and the trigger parameters are derived. These criteria are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results have shown that the proposed event-triggering scheme is superior to some existing event-triggering schemes in the literature.
This paper introduces a unified approach to robustness analysis with respect to nonlinearities, time variations, and uncertain parameters. From an original idea by Yakubovich (1967), the approach has been developed … This paper introduces a unified approach to robustness analysis with respect to nonlinearities, time variations, and uncertain parameters. From an original idea by Yakubovich (1967), the approach has been developed under a combination of influences from the Western and Russian traditions of control theory. It is shown how a complex system can be described, using integral quadratic constraints (IQC) for its elementary components. A stability theorem for systems described by IQCs is presented that covers classical passivity/dissipativity arguments but simplifies the use of multipliers and the treatment of causality. A systematic computational approach is described, and relations to other methods of stability analysis are discussed. Last, but not least, the paper contains a summarizing list of IQCs for important types of system components.
Robust stability and control for systems that combine continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. This article is a tutorial on modeling the dynamics of hybrid systems, on the elements of stability theory … Robust stability and control for systems that combine continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. This article is a tutorial on modeling the dynamics of hybrid systems, on the elements of stability theory for hybrid systems, and on the basics of hybrid control. The presentation and selection of material is oriented toward the analysis of asymptotic stability in hybrid systems and the design of stabilizing hybrid controllers. Our emphasis on the robustness of asymptotic stability to data perturbation, external disturbances, and measurement error distinguishes the approach taken here from other approaches to hybrid systems. While we make some connections to alternative approaches, this article does not aspire to be a survey of the hybrid system literature, which is vast and multifaceted.
Event-triggered control (ETC) is a control strategy that is especially suited for applications where communication resources are scarce. By updating and communicating sensor and actuator data only when needed for … Event-triggered control (ETC) is a control strategy that is especially suited for applications where communication resources are scarce. By updating and communicating sensor and actuator data only when needed for stability or performance purposes, ETC is capable of reducing the amount of communications, while still retaining a satisfactory closed-loop performance. In this paper, an ETC strategy is proposed by striking a balance between conventional periodic sampled-data control and ETC, leading to so-called periodic event-triggered control (PETC). In PETC, the event-triggering condition is verified periodically and at every sampling time it is decided whether or not to compute and to transmit new measurements and new control signals. The periodic character of the triggering conditions leads to various implementation benefits, including a minimum inter-event time of (at least) the sampling interval of the event-triggering condition. The PETC strategies developed in this paper apply to both static state-feedback and dynamical output-based controllers, as well as to both centralized and decentralized (periodic) event-triggering conditions. To analyze the stability and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -gain properties of the resulting PETC systems, three different approaches will be presented based on 1) impulsive systems, 2) piecewise linear systems, and 3) perturbed linear systems. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three approaches will be discussed and the developed theory will be illustrated using a numerical example.
This paper introduces the concept of a hybrid system and some of the challenges associated with the stability of such systems, including the issues of guaranteeing stability of switched stable … This paper introduces the concept of a hybrid system and some of the challenges associated with the stability of such systems, including the issues of guaranteeing stability of switched stable systems and finding conditions for the existence of switched controllers for stabilizing switched unstable systems. In this endeavour, this paper surveys the major results in the (Lyapunov) stability of finite-dimensional hybrid systems and then discusses the stronger, more specialized results of switched linear (stable and unstable) systems. A section detailing how some of the results can be formulated as linear matrix inequalities is given. Stability analyses on the regulation of the angle of attack of an aircraft and on the PI control of a vehicle with an automatic transmission are given. Other examples are included to illustrate various results in this paper.
This paper presents an overview of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to the multiobjective synthesis of linear output-feedback controllers. The design objectives can be a mix of H/sub /spl … This paper presents an overview of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to the multiobjective synthesis of linear output-feedback controllers. The design objectives can be a mix of H/sub /spl infin// performance, H/sub 2/ performance, passivity, asymptotic disturbance rejection, time-domain constraints, and constraints on the closed-loop pole location. In addition, these objectives can be specified on different channels of the closed-loop system. When all objectives are formulated in terms of a common Lyapunov function, controller design amounts to solving a system of linear matrix inequalities. The validity of this approach is illustrated by a realistic design example.
This paper examines event-triggered data transmission in distributed networked control systems with packet loss and transmission delays. We propose a distributed event-triggering scheme, where a subsystem broadcasts its state information … This paper examines event-triggered data transmission in distributed networked control systems with packet loss and transmission delays. We propose a distributed event-triggering scheme, where a subsystem broadcasts its state information to its neighbors only when the subsystem's local state error exceeds a specified threshold. In this scheme, a subsystem is able to make broadcast decisions using its locally sampled data. It can also locally predict the maximal allowable number of successive data dropouts (MANSD) and the state-based deadlines for transmission delays. Moreover, the designer's selection of the local event for a subsystem only requires information on that individual subsystem. Our analysis applies to both linear and nonlinear subsystems. Designing local events for a nonlinear subsystem requires us to find a controller that ensures that subsystem to be input-to-state stable. For linear subsystems, the design problem becomes a linear matrix inequality feasibility problem. With the assumption that the number of each subsystem's successive data dropouts is less than its MANSD, we show that if the transmission delays are zero, the resulting system is finite-gain <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Lp</i> stable. If the delays are bounded by given deadlines, the system is asymptotically stable. We also show that those state-based deadlines for transmission delays are always greater than a positive constant.
This paper addresses the problem of stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems in the discrete-time domain. The approach followed in this paper looks at the existence of a … This paper addresses the problem of stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems in the discrete-time domain. The approach followed in this paper looks at the existence of a switched quadratic Lyapunov function to check asymptotic stability of the switched system under consideration. Two different linear matrix inequality-based conditions allow to check the existence of such a Lyapunov function. The first one is classical while the second is new and uses a slack variable, which makes it useful for design problems. These two conditions are proved to be equivalent for stability analysis. Investigating the static output feedback control problem, we show that the second condition is, in this case, less conservative. The reduction of the conservatism is illustrated by a numerical evaluation.
We introduce some analysis tools for switched and hybrid systems. We first present work on stability analysis. We introduce multiple Lyapunov functions as a tool for analyzing Lyapunov stability and … We introduce some analysis tools for switched and hybrid systems. We first present work on stability analysis. We introduce multiple Lyapunov functions as a tool for analyzing Lyapunov stability and use iterated function systems theory as a tool for Lagrange stability. We also discuss the case where the switched systems are indexed by an arbitrary compact set. Finally, we extend Bendixson's theorem to the case of Lipschitz continuous vector fields, allowing limit cycle analysis of a class of "continuous switched" systems.
This paper addresses feedback stabilization problems for linear time-invariant control systems with saturating quantized measurements. We propose a new control design methodology, which relies on the possibility of changing the … This paper addresses feedback stabilization problems for linear time-invariant control systems with saturating quantized measurements. We propose a new control design methodology, which relies on the possibility of changing the sensitivity of the quantizer while the system evolves. The equation that describes the evolution of the sensitivity with time (discrete rather than continuous in most cases) is interconnected with the given system (either continuous or discrete), resulting in a hybrid system. When applied to systems that are stabilizable by linear time-invariant feedback, this approach yields global asymptotic stability.
This paper presents new relaxed stability conditions and LMI- (linear matrix inequality) based designs for both continuous and discrete fuzzy control systems. They are applied to design problems of fuzzy … This paper presents new relaxed stability conditions and LMI- (linear matrix inequality) based designs for both continuous and discrete fuzzy control systems. They are applied to design problems of fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers. First, Takagi and Sugeno's fuzzy models and some stability results are recalled. To design fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers, nonlinear systems are represented by Takagi-Sugeno's (TS) fuzzy models. The concept of parallel distributed compensation is employed to design fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers from the TS fuzzy models. New stability conditions are obtained by relaxing the stability conditions derived in previous papers, LMI-based design procedures for fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers are constructed using the parallel distributed compensation and the relaxed stability conditions. Other LMI's with respect to decay rate and constraints on control input and output are also derived and utilized in the design procedures. Design examples for nonlinear systems demonstrate the utility of the relaxed stability conditions and the LMI-based design procedures.
This paper proposes different parameterized linear matrix inequality (PLMI) characterizations for fuzzy control systems. These PLMI characterizations are, in turn, relaxed into pure LMI programs, which provides tractable and effective … This paper proposes different parameterized linear matrix inequality (PLMI) characterizations for fuzzy control systems. These PLMI characterizations are, in turn, relaxed into pure LMI programs, which provides tractable and effective techniques for the design of suboptimal fuzzy control systems. The advantages of the proposed methods over earlier ones are then discussed and illustrated through numerical examples and simulations.
We show that the coarsest, or least dense, quantizer that quadratically stabilizes a single input linear discrete time invariant system is logarithmic, and can be computed by solving a special … We show that the coarsest, or least dense, quantizer that quadratically stabilizes a single input linear discrete time invariant system is logarithmic, and can be computed by solving a special linear quadratic regulator problem. We provide a closed form for the optimal logarithmic base exclusively in terms of the unstable eigenvalues of the system. We show how to design quantized state-feedback controllers, and quantized state estimators. This leads to the design of hybrid output feedback controllers. The theory is then extended to sampling and quantization of continuous time linear systems sampled at constant time intervals. We generalize the definition of density of quantization to the density of sampling and quantization in a natural way, and search for the coarsest sampling and quantization scheme that ensures stability. Finally, by relaxing the definition of quadratic stability, we show how to construct logarithmic quantizers with only finite number of quantization levels and still achieve practical stability of the closed-loop system.
There is an increasing interest in studying control systems employing multiple sensors and actuators that are geographically distributed. Communication is an important component of these distributed and networked control systems. … There is an increasing interest in studying control systems employing multiple sensors and actuators that are geographically distributed. Communication is an important component of these distributed and networked control systems. Hence, there is a need to understand the interactions between the control components and the communication components of the distributed system. In this paper, we formulate a control problem with a communication channel connecting the sensor to the controller. Our task involves designing the channel encoder and channel decoder along with the controller to achieve different control objectives. We provide upper and lower bounds on the channel rate required to achieve these different control objectives. In many cases, these bounds are tight. In doing so, we characterize the "information complexity" of different control objectives.
This paper studies a number of quantized feedback design problems for linear systems. We consider the case where quantizers are static (memoryless). The common aim of these design problems is … This paper studies a number of quantized feedback design problems for linear systems. We consider the case where quantizers are static (memoryless). The common aim of these design problems is to stabilize the given system or to achieve certain performance with the coarsest quantization density. Our main discovery is that the classical sector bound approach is nonconservative for studying these design problems. Consequently, we are able to convert many quantized feedback design problems to well-known robust control problems with sector bound uncertainties. In particular, we derive the coarsest quantization densities for stabilization for multiple-input-multiple-output systems in both state feedback and output feedback cases; and we also derive conditions for quantized feedback control for quadratic cost and H/sub /spl infin// performances.
In this technical note, the problem of event-trigger based adaptive control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is considered. The nonlinearities of the system are not required to be … In this technical note, the problem of event-trigger based adaptive control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is considered. The nonlinearities of the system are not required to be globally Lipschitz. Since the system contains unknown parameters, it is a difficult task to check the assumption of the input-to-state stability (ISS) with respect to the measurement errors, which is required in most existing literature. To solve this problem, we design both the adaptive controller and the triggering event at the same time such that the ISS assumption is no longer needed. In addition to presenting new design methodologies based on the fixed threshold strategy and relative threshold strategy, we also propose a new strategy named the switching threshold strategy. It is shown that the proposed control schemes guarantee that all the closed-loop signals are globally bounded and the tracking/stabilization error exponentially converges towards a compact set which is adjustable.
Abstract We study the solution theory of singular linear switched systems with inputs (also known as switched descriptor systems). These systems are highly relevant in many applications; in particular, in … Abstract We study the solution theory of singular linear switched systems with inputs (also known as switched descriptor systems). These systems are highly relevant in many applications; in particular, in economics the well-known dynamic Leontief model with changing coefficient matrices falls into this class. Theorem 5.1 in the paper by Anh et al. (2019) stated that if a singular linear switched system is jointly index-1, then there exists an explicit surrogate switched system having identical solution behavior for all switching signals. However, it was not clear yet whether the jointly index-1 condition is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a solution. Furthermore, it was also not clear what conditions are actually required to guarantee existence and uniqueness of solutions for particular switching signals only. In this article, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions for singular linear switched systems with respect to fixed switching signals (both mode sequences and switching times are fixed), fixed mode sequences (switching times are arbitrary), and arbitrary switching signals (both mode sequences and switching times are arbitrary). In all three cases we provide an explicit surrogate system with the same solution set; our approach improves the results presented in Anh et al. (2019) as the coefficient matrices describing the transition from x ( k ) to $$x(k+1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> only depend on original system matrices at time k and $$k+1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and not on $$k-1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> as in Anh et al. (2019). We illustrate the theoretical findings with the dynamic Leontief model and investigate the solvability properties of discretizations of continuous-time singular systems.
Yanan Liu , Feiyue Shen , Wenhai Qi +3 more | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering
This work focuses on the sliding mode control (SMC) of stochastic semi-Markovian switching linear parameter-varying (LPV) models in discrete case. In contrast to traditional LPV systems, semi-Markovian switching LPV models … This work focuses on the sliding mode control (SMC) of stochastic semi-Markovian switching linear parameter-varying (LPV) models in discrete case. In contrast to traditional LPV systems, semi-Markovian switching LPV models considered in this work are more in line with actual systems. The main contributions are that compared to traditional Lyapunov function, the considered Lyapunov function is related to the parameter variations with wide applications in the actual systems, and this work designs a suitable sliding mode controller that depends on the parameter variations to achieve the accessibility of sliding region, removing the related limitations. Based on the upper bound of the sojourn time for each mode and certain techniques for eliminating the nonlinear coupling terms with additional matrices, the underlying system realizes the stability criteria. Finally, a turbofan engine model is adopted to demonstrate the feasibility of the control method.
ABSTRACT This article addresses a state tracking control problem for a class of semi‐Markovian jump linear systems (SMJLSs) with time‐varying delays, uncertainties, and disturbances. In order to achieve the desired … ABSTRACT This article addresses a state tracking control problem for a class of semi‐Markovian jump linear systems (SMJLSs) with time‐varying delays, uncertainties, and disturbances. In order to achieve the desired tracking performance, a lumped disturbance estimator manages the effects of disturbance signals and uncertainties while simultaneously estimating the unknown external input signal through the proper bandwidth selection of the low‐pass filter and model perturbations. Then, a quadratic delay product term is then incorporated into the construction of an suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional candidate. In order to guarantee the stability of the examined SMJLSs under the proposed two‐degree‐of‐freedom‐based control, adequate conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities using the generalized reciprocally convex combination lemma. Finally, simulation results and comparative results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control scheme.
Junjie Zhao , Bo Li | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering
The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> state tracking controller design method for a class of discrete-time Markov jump systems(MJS) with … The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> state tracking controller design method for a class of discrete-time Markov jump systems(MJS) with partially unknown transition probabilities and input saturation is proposed in this work. Firstly, considering the possibility of packet loss in the communication process of the system state and target state, a forecasting model is established. Then, based on forecasting model, a state tracking controller is further designed to achieve state tracking of multiple targets and achieve the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> performance indicator. Finally, some sufficient conditions are provided to ensure the solvability of the above problem, and the correctness of the proposed method is verified by tracking sine signal, and ramp signal through two numerical examples.
Abstract This paper provides novel and efficient characterizations for coprime factorizations of discrete‐time polytopic linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems. The formulation resides in combining poly‐quadratic Lyapunov functions and a variable elimination … Abstract This paper provides novel and efficient characterizations for coprime factorizations of discrete‐time polytopic linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems. The formulation resides in combining poly‐quadratic Lyapunov functions and a variable elimination approach to establish improved synthesis conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Unlike the previously existing conditions, the proposed LMI‐based conditions do not rely on methods such as change of variables and slack variables. By doing so, the proposed necessary and sufficient conditions can be achieved such that both contractive right and left coprime factors for LPV systems can be obtained via more computationally efficient and less complex solutions. The effectiveness of the novel synthesis conditions is carried out through a numerical example.
Previous works by our group evidenced stability problems associated with flight control law design for flexible aircraft regarding gain scheduling. This paper proposes an output feedback fuzzy-based gain scheduling approach … Previous works by our group evidenced stability problems associated with flight control law design for flexible aircraft regarding gain scheduling. This paper proposes an output feedback fuzzy-based gain scheduling approach to adequate closed-loop response in a broader range of the flight envelope. This method applies a variation of the controller gains based on the membership function design for all the varying parameters, such as dynamic pressure. It aims for performance improvement while enforcing global stability gain scheduling. The technique was demonstrated for the flexible ITA X-HALE aircraft nonlinear model and compared to the classical interpolation-based gain scheduling technique. The results revealed that fuzzy-based gain scheduling can effectively handle high-order systems while ensuring global system stability, leading to an overall improvement in performance.
This paper investigates the event-triggered dissipative fuzzy tracking control problem of nonlinear networked systems with dynamic quantization and stochastic deception attacks, where the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system theory is utilized … This paper investigates the event-triggered dissipative fuzzy tracking control problem of nonlinear networked systems with dynamic quantization and stochastic deception attacks, where the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system theory is utilized to represent the studied nonlinear networked systems. The event-triggered scheme and the dynamic quantization scheme with general online adjustment rule are employed to significantly decrease the data transmission amount and achieve the rational use of the limited communication and computation resources. A stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution is utilized to model the phenomenon of the stochastic deception attacks. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a secure event-triggered quantized tracking control scheme. This scheme guarantees the stochastic stability and prescribed dissipative tracking performance of the closed-loop system under stochastic deception attacks. Moreover, the design conditions for the desired static output feedback tracking controller are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities based on the matrix inequality decoupling strategy. Finally, two examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed tracking control scheme.
Abstract This paper considers the analysis of dynamic systems represented by state space models and general differential equations incorporating input derivatives. First, the connection between the class of systems with … Abstract This paper considers the analysis of dynamic systems represented by state space models and general differential equations incorporating input derivatives. First, the connection between the class of systems with derivative inputs and singular systems is established. An elimination procedure for input derivatives is given, which transfers the derivative terms from the state equation to the output equation allowing stabilization by state feedback to be performed. Second, we consider the general differential equations with derivatives of inputs and outputs and derive an equivalent state space description in standard form, which incorporates the derivatives in the state variables. This is essential since a suitable feedback configuration should involve both input and output as well as their derivatives. We provide an appropriate state space model that allows stabilization by state feedback controller to be performed. Finally, a subclass of positive system involving input derivatives is considered as a special case. It is shown that stabilization of input derivative positive system can be achieved through its equivalent positive system in standard form using LMI. Numerical examples are included to support the theoretical results.
ABSTRACT Safety and stability are two critical issues in many practical switched control systems, particularly those used in industrial, transportation, medical, and other high‐risk applications where failure could lead to … ABSTRACT Safety and stability are two critical issues in many practical switched control systems, particularly those used in industrial, transportation, medical, and other high‐risk applications where failure could lead to serious consequences. This paper is concerned with the issue of proposing sufficient conditions for simultaneously verifying the stability and safety of time‐varying switched nonlinear systems (TSNS) under a state‐dependent but unsafe‐region‐independent switching signal. Specifically, based on multiple Lyapunov functions and multiple barrier functions, we at first present several sufficient conditions for simultaneously obtaining the (uniform) stability with safety, (uniform) asymptotic stability with safety, and (uniform) exponential stability with safety of TSNS with any form of unsafe set. Furthermore, considering the broad applications of finite‐time stability in practical systems, a sufficient condition for simultaneously achieving finite‐time stability and safety is presented. Note that the above conditions relax the requirements of the nonincreasing property of the multiple Lyapunov functions and multiple barrier functions along the trajectories of TSNS. In the end, the effectiveness of our results is illustrated by four examples.
<title>Abstract</title> This paper proposes a scalable framework for sparse stochastic optimal control in time-varying systems with control-dependent diffusion. By relaxing the classical stochastic normality condition, we establish an approximate equivalence … <title>Abstract</title> This paper proposes a scalable framework for sparse stochastic optimal control in time-varying systems with control-dependent diffusion. By relaxing the classical stochastic normality condition, we establish an approximate equivalence between <italic>ℓ</italic><sub><italic>0</italic></sub> and <italic>ℓ</italic><sub><italic>1</italic></sub> optimal control formulations under local or probabilistic regularity. The framework unifies sparsity, stochasticity, and safety by incorporating variational inequalities to handle state and control constraints. To overcome the curse of dimensionality, we develop efficient numerical solvers based on sparse grids, Tensor-Train decomposition, and neural residual networks. Numerical experiments on robotic and energy systems demonstrate substantial gains in control sparsity, safety compliance, and computational scalability, confirming the practicality and robustness of the proposed approach in high-dimensional, safety-critical settings.
ABSTRACT This article introduces a novel self‐triggering strategy designed to ensure the control of discrete‐time linear systems with guaranteed stability, even in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. This strategy … ABSTRACT This article introduces a novel self‐triggering strategy designed to ensure the control of discrete‐time linear systems with guaranteed stability, even in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. This strategy aims to consistently maintain satisfaction of state constraints while accounting for the uncertainties in the system through a set‐membership description. The self‐triggering framework primarily relies on reachable and invariant sets. Reachable sets quantify the maximum deviation of the disturbed system from the predicted behavior, while an invariant set establishes triggering bounds for these reachable sets. This control method is intended to minimize the number of measurements required, thereby avoiding network bandwidth saturation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, the experiments are conducted on an air extractor system, demonstrating a reduction in the number of measurement samples while ensuring stability and satisfying system state constraints.
Abstract This paper focuses on the aero engine distributed control system with delay and an optimal controller is designed based on event event-triggering mechanism. To improve the data transmission efficiency, … Abstract This paper focuses on the aero engine distributed control system with delay and an optimal controller is designed based on event event-triggering mechanism. To improve the data transmission efficiency, the event triggering mechanism is introduced and the aero-engine distributed control system model is established, where the time delay, event triggering mechanism, and external disturbance are described in a unified framework. An optimal robust controller is then proposed, and a co-design method of event triggering parameters and controller parameters is given. Simulations are made to demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness.
ABSTRACT In this article, a new event‐triggered controller is proposed that combines a zero‐order‐hold mechanism for the global asymptotic stabilization of a class of approximately feedback linearized systems. Together with … ABSTRACT In this article, a new event‐triggered controller is proposed that combines a zero‐order‐hold mechanism for the global asymptotic stabilization of a class of approximately feedback linearized systems. Together with a new event‐triggering condition coupled with a zero‐order‐hold mechanism, a novel approach to the system analysis is developed that differs from the traditional event‐triggered control approach. Based on the new system analysis, a control parameter selection guide is then provided for the state convergence speed and the number of control input updates. Several comparative examples illustrate the improved features of the proposed control method over the traditional event‐triggered control method.
Linear time-invariant neutral large-scale distributed-time-delay systems, composed of a number of overlapping subsystems, are considered. First, a robustness bound for such systems is derived. Then, a robust controller design approach, … Linear time-invariant neutral large-scale distributed-time-delay systems, composed of a number of overlapping subsystems, are considered. First, a robustness bound for such systems is derived. Then, a robust controller design approach, using this bound, is proposed. Excluding the derivation of this bound, the controller design is independent for each subsystem and is based on a local nominal model. Robust stability of the overall actual controlled system, however, is assured, once a scalar condition, which involves the derived bound, is satisfied.
Abstract This paper investigates the global output‐feedback control problem for a family of large‐scale uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown delays and nonlinearly growing interconnections. Different from the existing literature, the … Abstract This paper investigates the global output‐feedback control problem for a family of large‐scale uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown delays and nonlinearly growing interconnections. Different from the existing literature, the system interconnections meet a nonlinear growth of the unmeasurable (delayed) states multiplied by an unknown constant and input‐output functions. The complicated interconnections, especially the nonlinear growth of unmeasurable (delayed) states, and the unknown input delays make the problem more challenging. By smartly applying the gain‐scaling technique and skillfully constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, a suite of novel output‐feedback controllers with multiple correlated dynamic gains are proposed to guarantee the global convergence of the original system states and the global boundedness of the closed‐loop system states. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.