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Advancements in Battery Materials

Works Count: 134221

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This cluster of papers focuses on advancements in lithium-ion battery technology, including research on battery materials, nanostructured anodes, cathode materials, and electrode materials. It also covers topics related to energy storage, electrochemical performance, and rechargeable batteries.

Keywords

Lithium-ion Batteries; Battery Materials; Energy Storage; Nanostructured Anodes; Cathode Materials; Electrochemical Performance; Rechargeable Batteries; Anode Materials; Battery Technology; Electrode Materials

Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

2000-09-01

Philippe Poizot , Stéphane Laruelle , Sylvie Grugeon +2 more

Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries

2000-10-01

Doron Aurbach , Zhengze Lu , Alex Schechter +6 more

Alternative energy technologies

2001-11-01

M. S. Dresselhaus , I. L. Thomas

Solar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy Worlds

2010-11-10

Timothy R. Cook , Dilek K. Dogutan , Steven Y. Reece +3 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSolar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy WorldsTimothy R. Cook, Dilek K. Dogutan, Steven Y. Reece, Yogesh Surendranath, Thomas S. Teets, and Daniel G. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSolar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy WorldsTimothy R. Cook, Dilek K. Dogutan, Steven Y. Reece, Yogesh Surendranath, Thomas S. Teets, and Daniel G. Nocera*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 11, 6474–6502Publication Date (Web):November 10, 2010Publication History Received2 August 2010Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 10 November 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100246chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100246creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32426Altmetric-Citations2664LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Batteries,Catalysts,Electrodes,Energy storage,Solar energy Get e-Alerts

Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future

2009-11-19

Bruno Scrosati , Jürgen Garche

Electrodes with High Power and High Capacity for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

2006-02-16

Kisuk Kang , Ying Shirley Meng , Julien Bréger +2 more

New applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and power backup require rechargeable batteries that combine high energy density with high charge and discharge rate capability. Using ab initio computational modeling, … New applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and power backup require rechargeable batteries that combine high energy density with high charge and discharge rate capability. Using ab initio computational modeling, we identified useful strategies to design higher rate battery electrodes and tested them on lithium nickel manganese oxide [Li(Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5))O2], a safe, inexpensive material that has been thought to have poor intrinsic rate capability. By modifying its crystal structure, we obtained unexpectedly high rate-capability, considerably better than lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), the current battery electrode material of choice.

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Pseudocapacitive Contributions to Electrochemical Energy Storage in TiO2 (Anatase) Nanoparticles

2007-09-18

John Wang , Julien Polleux , James Lim +1 more

The advantages in using nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage have largely focused on the benefits associated with short path lengths. In this paper, we consider another contribution, that of … The advantages in using nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage have largely focused on the benefits associated with short path lengths. In this paper, we consider another contribution, that of the capacitive effects, which become increasingly important at nanoscale dimensions. Nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase) was studied over a dimensional regime where both capacitive and lithium intercalation processes contribute to the total stored charge. An analysis of the voltammetric sweep data was used to distinguish between the amount of charge stored by these two processes. At particle sizes below 10 nm, capacitive contributions became increasingly important, leading to greater amounts of total stored charge (gravimetrically normalized) with decreasing TiO2 particle size. The area normalized capacitance was determined to be well above 100 μF/cm2, confirming that the capacitive contribution was pseudocapacitive in nature. Moreover, reducing the particle size to the nanoscale regime led to faster charge/discharge rates because the diffusion-controlled lithium ion intercalation process was replaced by faradaic reactions which occur at the surface of the material. The charge storage and kinetics benefits derived from using nanoscale metal oxides provide an interesting direction for the design of materials that offer both power density and energy density.

Building better batteries

2008-02-01

Michel Armand , J.-M. Tarascon

Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping

1989-02-01

Fabien Perrin , J. Pernier , Olivier Bertrand +1 more

Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

2008-03-12

Peter G. Bruce , Bruno Scrosati , Jean‐Marie Tarascon

Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), … Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

2008-07-09

Yu‐Guo Guo , Jin‐Song Hu , Li‐Jun Wan

Abstract One of the greatest challenges for our society is providing powerful electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries and fuel cells are amongst the most promising candidates … Abstract One of the greatest challenges for our society is providing powerful electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries and fuel cells are amongst the most promising candidates in terms of energy densities and power densities. Nanostructured materials are currently of interest for such devices because of their high surface area, novel size effects, significantly enhanced kinetics, and so on. This Progress Report describes some recent developments in nanostructured anode and cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, addressing the benefits of nanometer‐size effects, the disadvantages of ‘nano’, and strategies to solve these issues such as nano/micro hierarchical structures and surface coatings, as well as developments in the discovery of nanostructured Pt‐based electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Approaches to lowering the cost of Pt catalysts include the use of i) novel nanostructures of Pt, ii)new cost‐effective synthesis routes, iii) binary or multiple catalysts, and iv) new catalyst supports. magnified image

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The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective

2013-01-08

John B. Goodenough , Kyu‐Sung Park

Each cell of a battery stores electrical energy as chemical energy in two electrodes, a reductant (anode) and an oxidant (cathode), separated by an electrolyte that transfers the ionic component … Each cell of a battery stores electrical energy as chemical energy in two electrodes, a reductant (anode) and an oxidant (cathode), separated by an electrolyte that transfers the ionic component of the chemical reaction inside the cell and forces the electronic component outside the battery. The output on discharge is an external electronic current I at a voltage V for a time Δt. The chemical reaction of a rechargeable battery must be reversible on the application of a charging I and V. Critical parameters of a rechargeable battery are safety, density of energy that can be stored at a specific power input and retrieved at a specific power output, cycle and shelf life, storage efficiency, and cost of fabrication. Conventional ambient-temperature rechargeable batteries have solid electrodes and a liquid electrolyte. The positive electrode (cathode) consists of a host framework into which the mobile (working) cation is inserted reversibly over a finite solid-solution range. The solid-solution range, which is reduced at higher current by the rate of transfer of the working ion across electrode/electrolyte interfaces and within a host, limits the amount of charge per electrode formula unit that can be transferred over the time Δt = Δt(I). Moreover, the difference between energies of the LUMO and the HOMO of the electrolyte, i.e., electrolyte window, determines the maximum voltage for a long shelf and cycle life. The maximum stable voltage with an aqueous electrolyte is 1.5 V; the Li-ion rechargeable battery uses an organic electrolyte with a larger window, which increase the density of stored energy for a given Δt. Anode or cathode electrochemical potentials outside the electrolyte window can increase V, but they require formation of a passivating surface layer that must be permeable to Li(+) and capable of adapting rapidly to the changing electrode surface area as the electrode changes volume during cycling. A passivating surface layer adds to the impedance of the Li(+) transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface and lowers the cycle life of a battery cell. Moreover, formation of a passivation layer on the anode robs Li from the cathode irreversibly on an initial charge, further lowering the reversible Δt. These problems plus the cost of quality control of manufacturing plague development of Li-ion rechargeable batteries that can compete with the internal combustion engine for powering electric cars and that can provide the needed low-cost storage of electrical energy generated by renewable wind and/or solar energy. Chemists are contributing to incremental improvements of the conventional strategy by investigating and controlling electrode passivation layers, improving the rate of Li(+) transfer across electrode/electrolyte interfaces, identifying electrolytes with larger windows while retaining a Li(+) conductivity σ(Li) > 10(-3) S cm(-1), synthesizing electrode morphologies that reduce the size of the active particles while pinning them on current collectors of large surface area accessible by the electrolyte, lowering the cost of cell fabrication, designing displacement-reaction anodes of higher capacity that allow a safe, fast charge, and designing alternative cathode hosts. However, new strategies are needed for batteries that go beyond powering hand-held devices, such as using electrode hosts with two-electron redox centers; replacing the cathode hosts by materials that undergo displacement reactions (e.g. sulfur) by liquid cathodes that may contain flow-through redox molecules, or by catalysts for air cathodes; and developing a Li(+) solid electrolyte separator membrane that allows an organic and aqueous liquid electrolyte on the anode and cathode sides, respectively. Opportunities exist for the chemist to bring together oxide and polymer or graphene chemistry in imaginative morphologies.

A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes

2014-02-14

Nian Liu , Zhenda Lu , Jie Zhao +4 more

Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging

2009-03-01

Byoungwoo Kang , Gerbrand Ceder

Research Development on Sodium-Ion Batteries

2014-11-12

Naoaki Yabuuchi , Kei Kubota , Mouad Dahbi +1 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTResearch Development on Sodium-Ion BatteriesNaoaki Yabuuchi†‡, Kei Kubota†‡, Mouad Dahbi†‡, and Shinichi Komaba*†‡View Author Information† Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTResearch Development on Sodium-Ion BatteriesNaoaki Yabuuchi†‡, Kei Kubota†‡, Mouad Dahbi†‡, and Shinichi Komaba*†‡View Author Information† Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8061, Japan‡ Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11636–11682Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2014Publication History Received4 April 2014Published online12 November 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500192fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500192freview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87616Altmetric-Citations5008LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Ions,Materials,Sodium Get e-Alerts

The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage

2014-12-22

Rinaldo Raccichini , Alberto Varzi , Stefano Passerini +1 more

Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene

2009-07-17

Matthew J. Allen , Vincent Tung , Richard B. Kaner

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHoneycomb Carbon: A Review of GrapheneMatthew J. Allen†, Vincent C. Tung‡, and Richard B. Kaner*†‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, and … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHoneycomb Carbon: A Review of GrapheneMatthew J. Allen†, Vincent C. Tung‡, and Richard B. Kaner*†‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095†Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute.‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1, 132–145Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2009Publication History Received20 February 2009Published online17 July 2009Published inissue 13 January 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900070dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900070dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90502Altmetric-Citations6052LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anode materials,Carbon,Deposition,Layers,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts

LixCoO2 (0<x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density

1980-06-01

Koichi Mizushima , P. C. Jones , Philip J. Wiseman +1 more

Sodium‐Ion Batteries

2012-05-21

Michael Slater , Donghan Kim , Eungje Lee +1 more

The status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials. These devices, although early in their stage of development, … The status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials. These devices, although early in their stage of development, are promising for large-scale grid storage applications due to the abundance and very low cost of sodium-containing precursors used to make the components. The engineering knowledge developed recently for highly successful Li ion batteries can be leveraged to ensure rapid progress in this area, although different electrode materials and electrolytes will be required for dual intercalation systems based on sodium. In particular, new anode materials need to be identified, since the graphite anode, commonly used in lithium systems, does not intercalate sodium to any appreciable extent. A wider array of choices is available for cathodes, including high performance layered transition metal oxides and polyanionic compounds. Recent developments in electrodes are encouraging, but a great deal of research is necessary, particularly in new electrolytes, and the understanding of the SEI films. The engineering modeling calculations of Na-ion battery energy density indicate that 210 Wh kg−1 in gravimetric energy is possible for Na-ion batteries compared to existing Li-ion technology if a cathode capacity of 200 mAh g−1 and a 500 mAh g−1 anode can be discovered with an average cell potential of 3.3 V.

A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries

2010-06-02

Pallavi Verma , Pascal Maire , Petr Novák

Li-ion battery materials: present and future

2014-11-24

Naoki Nitta , Feixiang Wu , Jung Tae Lee +1 more

This review covers key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of Li-ion battery electrodes. Periodic table and potential/capacity plots are used to compare many families of suitable … This review covers key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of Li-ion battery electrodes. Periodic table and potential/capacity plots are used to compare many families of suitable materials. Performance characteristics, current limitations, and recent breakthroughs in the development of commercial intercalation materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and others are contrasted with that of conversion materials, such as alloying anodes (Si, Ge, Sn, etc.), chalcogenides (S, Se, Te), and metal halides (F, Cl, Br, I). New polyanion cathode materials are also discussed. The cost, abundance, safety, Li and electron transport, volumetric expansion, material dissolution, and surface reactions for each type of electrode materials are described. Both general and specific strategies to overcome the current challenges are covered and categorized.

Tin-Based Amorphous Oxide: A High-Capacity Lithium-Ion-Storage Material

1997-05-30

Yoshio Idota , Tadahiko Kubota , Akihiro Matsufuji +2 more

A high-capacity lithium-storage material in metal-oxide form has been synthesized that can replace the carbon-based lithium intercalation materials currently in extensive use as the negative electrode (anode) of lithium-ion rechargeable … A high-capacity lithium-storage material in metal-oxide form has been synthesized that can replace the carbon-based lithium intercalation materials currently in extensive use as the negative electrode (anode) of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. This tin-based amorphous composite oxide (TCO) contains Sn(II)-O as the active center for lithium insertion and other glass-forming elements, which make up an oxide network. The TCO anode yields a specific capacity for reversible lithium adsorption more than 50 percent higher than those of the carbon families that persists after charge-discharge cycling when coupled with a lithium cobalt oxide cathode. Lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements evidenced the high ionic state of lithium retained in the charged state, in which TCO accepted 8 moles of lithium ions per unit mole.

Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

2011-01-01

Liwen Ji , Zhan Lin , Mataz Alcoutlabi +1 more

In this paper, the use of nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reviewed. Nanostructured materials such as nano-carbons, alloys, metal oxides, and metal sulfides/nitrides have been used … In this paper, the use of nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reviewed. Nanostructured materials such as nano-carbons, alloys, metal oxides, and metal sulfides/nitrides have been used as anodes for next-generation LIBs with high reversible capacity, fast power capability, good safety, and long cycle life. This is due to their relatively short mass and charge pathways, high transport rates of both lithium ions and electrons, and other extremely charming surface activities. In this review paper, the effect of the nanostructure on the electrochemical performance of these anodes is presented. Their synthesis processes, electrochemical properties, and electrode reaction mechanisms are also discussed. The major goals of this review are to give a broad overview of recent scientific researches and developments of anode materials using novel nanoscience and nanotechnology and to highlight new progresses in using these nanostructured materials to develop high-performance LIBs. Suggestions and outlooks on future research directions in this field are also given.

Recent Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Electrode Architecture Design for Electrochemical Energy Storage

2012-08-21

Jian Jiang , Yuanyuan Li , Jinping Liu +3 more

Abstract Metal oxide nanostructures are promising electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors because of their high specific capacity/capacitance, typically 2–3 times higher than that of the carbon/graphite‐based materials. However, … Abstract Metal oxide nanostructures are promising electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors because of their high specific capacity/capacitance, typically 2–3 times higher than that of the carbon/graphite‐based materials. However, their cycling stability and rate performance still can not meet the requirements of practical applications. It is therefore urgent to improve their overall device performance, which depends on not only the development of advanced electrode materials but also in a large part “how to design superior electrode architectures”. In the article, we will review recent advances in strategies for advanced metal oxide‐based hybrid nanostructure design, with the focus on the binder‐free film/array electrodes. These binder‐free electrodes, with the integration of unique merits of each component, can provide larger electrochemically active surface area, faster electron transport and superior ion diffusion, thus leading to substantially improved cycling and rate performance. Several recently emerged concepts of using ordered nanostructure arrays, synergetic core‐shell structures, nanostructured current collectors, and flexible paper/textile electrodes will be highlighted, pointing out advantages and challenges where appropriate. Some future electrode design trends and directions are also discussed.

Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes

2002-09-22

Sung‐Yoon Chung , Jason T. Bloking , Yet‐Ming Chiang

Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage

2013-01-01

Huilin Pan , Yong‐Sheng Hu , Liquan Chen

Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention particularly in large-scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart grid because of the huge abundant sodium resources and low … Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention particularly in large-scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart grid because of the huge abundant sodium resources and low cost. In this article, a variety of electrode materials including cathodes and anodes as well as electrolytes for room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. We compare the difference in storage behavior between Na and Li in their analogous electrodes and summarize the sodium storage mechanisms in the available electrode materials. This review also includes some new results from our group and our thoughts on developing new materials. Some perspectives and directions on designing better materials for practical applications are pointed out based on knowledge from the literature and our experience. Through this extensive literature review, the search for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries is still challenging. However, after intensive research efforts, we believe that low-cost, long-life and room-temperature sodium-ion batteries would be promising for applications in large-scale energy storage system in the near future.

Designing nanostructured Si anodes for high energy lithium ion batteries

2012-09-30

Hui Wu , Yi Cui

Modeling of Galvanostatic Charge and Discharge of the Lithium/Polymer/Insertion Cell

1993-06-01

Marc Doyle , Thomas F. Fuller , John Newman

The galvanostatic charge and discharge of a lithium anode/solid polymer separator/insertion cathode cell is modeled using concentrated solution theory. The model is general enough to include a wide range of … The galvanostatic charge and discharge of a lithium anode/solid polymer separator/insertion cathode cell is modeled using concentrated solution theory. The model is general enough to include a wide range of polymeric separator materials, lithium salts, and composite insertion cathodes. Insertion of lithium into the active cathode material is simulated using superposition, thus greatly simplifying the numerical calculations. Variable physical properties are permitted in the model. The results of a simulation of the charge/discharge behavior of the system are presented. Criteria are established to assess the importance of diffusion in the solid matrix and transport in the electrolyte. Consideration is also given to various procedures for optimization of the utilization of active cathode material.

High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires

2007-12-16

Candace K. Chan , Hailin Peng , Gao Liu +4 more

Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials

2004-09-14

M. Stanley Whittingham

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium Batteries and Cathode MaterialsM. Stanley WhittinghamView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000 Cite this: Chem. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium Batteries and Cathode MaterialsM. Stanley WhittinghamView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 10, 4271–4302Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2004Publication History Received16 June 2004Published online14 September 2004Published inissue 1 October 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020731chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020731cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78048Altmetric-Citations5283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Electrodes,Lithium,Materials,Transition metals Get e-Alerts

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions

2010-08-20

Jordi Cabana , Laure Monconduit , Dominique Larcher +1 more

Abstract Despite the imminent commercial introduction of Li‐ion batteries in electric drive vehicles and their proposed use as enablers of smart grids based on renewable energy technologies, an intensive quest … Abstract Despite the imminent commercial introduction of Li‐ion batteries in electric drive vehicles and their proposed use as enablers of smart grids based on renewable energy technologies, an intensive quest for new electrode materials that bring about improvements in energy density, cycle life, cost, and safety is still underway. This Progress Report highlights the recent developments and the future prospects of the use of phases that react through conversion reactions as both positive and negative electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. By moving beyond classical intercalation reactions, a variety of low cost compounds with gravimetric specific capacities that are two‐to‐five times larger than those attained with currently used materials, such as graphite and LiCoO 2 , can be achieved. Nonetheless, several factors currently handicap the applicability of electrode materials entailing conversion reactions. These factors, together with the scientific breakthroughs that are necessary to fully assess the practicality of this concept, are reviewed in this report.

Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells

2006-11-10

Uday S. Kasavajjula , Chunsheng Wang , A. John Appleby

Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage

2011-12-15

Peter G. Bruce , Stefan A. Freunberger , Laurence J. Hardwick +1 more

Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

1997-04-01

A. K. Padhi , K.S. Nanjundaswamy , John B. Goodenough

Reversible extraction of lithium from (triphylite) and insertion of lithium into at 3.5 V vs. lithium at 0.05 mA/cm2 shows this material to be an excellent candidate for the cathode … Reversible extraction of lithium from (triphylite) and insertion of lithium into at 3.5 V vs. lithium at 0.05 mA/cm2 shows this material to be an excellent candidate for the cathode of a low‐power, rechargeable lithium battery that is inexpensive, nontoxic, and environmentally benign. Electrochemical extraction was limited to ∼0.6 Li/formula unit; but even with this restriction the specific capacity is 100 to 110 mAh/g. Complete extraction of lithium was performed chemically; it gave a new phase, , isostructural with heterosite, . The framework of the ordered olivine is retained with minor displacive adjustments. Nevertheless the insertion/extraction reaction proceeds via a two‐phase process, and a reversible loss in capacity with increasing current density appears to be associated with a diffusion‐limited transfer of lithium across the two‐phase interface. Electrochemical extraction of lithium from isostructural (M = Mn, Co, or Ni) with an electrolyte was not possible; but successful extraction of lithium from was accomplished with maximum oxidation of the occurring at x = 0.5. The couple was oxidized first at 3.5 V followed by oxidation of the couple at 4.1 V vs. lithium. The interactions appear to destabilize the level and stabilize the level so as to make the energy accessible.

P2-type Nax[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries

2012-04-27

Naoaki Yabuuchi , Masataka Kajiyama , Junichi Iwatate +6 more

Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries

2013-04-02

M. V. Reddy , G. V. Subba Rao , B. V. R. Chowdari

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMetal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion BatteriesM. V. Reddy, G. V. Subba Rao, and B. V. R. Chowdari*View Author Information Department of Physics, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMetal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion BatteriesM. V. Reddy, G. V. Subba Rao, and B. V. R. Chowdari*View Author Information Department of Physics, Solid State Ionics & Advanced Batteries Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore- 117 542*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (+65) 6516 2531. Fax: (+65) 6777 6126.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 7, 5364–5457Publication Date (Web):April 2, 2013Publication History Received29 March 2011Published online2 April 2013Published inissue 10 July 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3001884https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3001884review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52982Altmetric-Citations2654LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Composites,Electrodes,Nanoparticles,Oxides,Transition metals Get e-Alerts

High-power all-solid-state batteries using sulfide superionic conductors

2016-03-21

Yuki Kato , Satoshi Hori , Toshiya Saito +6 more

Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

2014-10-29

Kang Xu

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and BeyondKang Xu*View Author Information Electrochemistry Branch, Energy and Power Division, Sensor and Electronics Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and BeyondKang Xu*View Author Information Electrochemistry Branch, Energy and Power Division, Sensor and Electronics Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1197, United States*E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11503–11618Publication Date (Web):October 29, 2014Publication History Received2 January 2014Published online29 October 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500003whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500003wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © This article not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2014 by the American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102735Altmetric-Citations3895LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Electrolytes,Salts,Solvents,Surface chemistry Get e-Alerts

A solid future for battery development

2016-09-08

Jürgen Janek , Wolfgang G. Zeier

Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries

2017-03-01

Dingchang Lin , Yayuan Liu , Yi Cui

Sodium-ion batteries: present and future

2017-01-01

Jang‐Yeon Hwang , Seung‐Taek Myung , Yang‐Kook Sun

Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the … Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alternative energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the best candidate power sources because sodium is widely available and exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs; therefore, SIBs are promising next-generation alternatives. Recently, sodiated layer transition metal oxides, phosphates and organic compounds have been introduced as cathode materials for SIBs. Simultaneously, recent developments have been facilitated by the use of select carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides (or sulfides), and intermetallic and organic compounds as anodes for SIBs. Apart from electrode materials, suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders are equally important for the development of practical SIBs. Despite developments in electrode materials and other components, there remain several challenges, including cell design and electrode balancing, in the application of sodium ion cells. In this article, we summarize and discuss current research on materials and propose future directions for SIBs. This will provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs.

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From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

2017-06-19

Prasant Kumar Nayak , Liangtao Yang , Wolfgang Brehm +1 more

Mobile and stationary energy storage by rechargeable batteries is a topic of broad societal and economical relevance. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is at the forefront of the development, but a … Mobile and stationary energy storage by rechargeable batteries is a topic of broad societal and economical relevance. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is at the forefront of the development, but a massively growing market will likely put severe pressure on resources and supply chains. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been reconsidered with the aim of providing a lower-cost alternative that is less susceptible to resource and supply risks. On paper, the replacement of lithium by sodium in a battery seems straightforward at first, but unpredictable surprises are often found in practice. What happens when replacing lithium by sodium in electrode reactions? This review provides a state-of-the art overview on the redox behavior of materials when used as electrodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, respectively. Advantages and challenges related to the use of sodium instead of lithium are discussed.

A cost and resource analysis of sodium-ion batteries

2018-03-12

Christoph Vaalma , Daniel Buchholz , Marcel Weil +1 more

Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries

2018-04-12

Richard Schmuch , Ralf Wagner , Gerhard Hörpel +2 more

Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets

2018-04-12

Zachary P. Cano , Dustin Banham , Siyu Ye +4 more

30 Years of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

2018-06-14

Matthew Li , Jun Lü , Zhongwei Chen +1 more

Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), … Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.

Graphene Anchored with Co3O4 Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

2010-05-10

Zhong‐Shuai Wu , Wencai Ren , Lei Wen +6 more

We report a facile strategy to synthesize the nanocomposite of Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles anchored on conducting graphene as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles obtained are … We report a facile strategy to synthesize the nanocomposite of Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles anchored on conducting graphene as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles obtained are 10-30 nm in size and homogeneously anchor on graphene sheets as spacers to keep the neighboring sheets separated. This Co(3)O(4)/graphene nanocomposite displays superior Li-battery performance with large reversible capacity, excellent cyclic performance, and good rate capability, highlighting the importance of the anchoring of nanoparticles on graphene sheets for maximum utilization of electrochemically active Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles and graphene for energy storage applications in high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries

2019-02-25

Jun Liu , Zhenan Bao , Yi Cui +7 more

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A reflection on lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry

2020-03-25

Arumugam Manthiram

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries have aided the portable electronics revolution for nearly three decades. They are now enabling vehicle electrification and beginning to enter the utility industry. The emergence and dominance … Abstract Lithium-ion batteries have aided the portable electronics revolution for nearly three decades. They are now enabling vehicle electrification and beginning to enter the utility industry. The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion batteries are due to their higher energy density compared to other rechargeable battery systems, enabled by the design and development of high-energy density electrode materials. Basic science research, involving solid-state chemistry and physics, has been at the center of this endeavor, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s. With the award of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to the development of lithium-ion batteries, it is enlightening to look back at the evolution of the cathode chemistry that made the modern lithium-ion technology feasible. This review article provides a reflection on how fundamental studies have facilitated the discovery, optimization, and rational design of three major categories of oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, and a personal perspective on the future of this important area.

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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

2009-08-28

John B. Goodenough , Youngsik Kim

The challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles are reviewed. Most important is safety, which requires development of a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window … The challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles are reviewed. Most important is safety, which requires development of a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent (or additive) that can develop rapidly a solid/electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery. A high Li+-ion conductivity (σLi > 10−4 S/cm) in the electrolyte and across the electrode/electrolyte interface is needed for a power battery. Important also is an increase in the density of the stored energy, which is the product of the voltage and capacity of reversible Li insertion/extraction into/from the electrodes. It will be difficult to design a better anode than carbon, but carbon requires formation of an SEI layer, which involves an irreversible capacity loss. The design of a cathode composed of environmentally benign, low-cost materials that has its electrochemical potential μC well-matched to the HOMO of the electrolyte and allows access to two Li atoms per transition-metal cation would increase the energy density, but it is a daunting challenge. Two redox couples can be accessed where the cation redox couples are "pinned" at the top of the O 2p bands, but to take advantage of this possibility, it must be realized in a framework structure that can accept more than one Li atom per transition-metal cation. Moreover, such a situation represents an intrinsic voltage limit of the cathode, and matching this limit to the HOMO of the electrolyte requires the ability to tune the intrinsic voltage limit. Finally, the chemical compatibility in the battery must allow a long service life.

Halloysite nanotubes loaded with Ni/Co and carbon as effective separator blocking layer for Li S batteries

2025-06-26

Jiayang Li , Li Sun , Zihuan Li +5 more | Journal of Energy Storage

Janus hexa-penta-graphene and derivatives for high-performance potassium-ion battery anodes: Insights from surface, dimensionality, and interface engineering

2025-06-25

Zhihui Wu , Shikai Zhang , Xiaohong Zheng +2 more | Journal of Power Sources

Phase‐Purity Stoichiometric Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Cathode Material via Reversible Reaction Modulation for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-25

Ying Shao , Changyu Liu , Haiman Fan +6 more | Small

Abstract Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (NFPP), a prominent polyanionic material, has garnered significant attention as a promising cathode for practical sodium‐ion batteries. … Abstract Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (NFPP), a prominent polyanionic material, has garnered significant attention as a promising cathode for practical sodium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of stoichiometric NFPP is often hindered by the persistent formation of the phase‐impurity maricite NaFePO 4 (NFP), which is difficult to eliminate during synthesis. In this study, it is tackled this challenge by reversible reaction modulation (RRM, ) to suppress NFP impurity. Through precise regulation, it is successfully synthesized phase‐purity stoichiometric NFPP‐0.25 which exhibits a significantly reduced NFP content and a more complete crystal structure with expanded Na⁺ diffusion channels compared to pristine NFPP. Consequently, NFPP‐0.25 delivers exceptional electrochemical performance, including a high reversible discharge capacity of 108.2 mAh g −1 at 0.2 C, excellent rate capability (∼87 mAh g −1 at 50 C), and remarkable long‐term cycling stability, retaining 95.8% capacity after 10,000 cycles at 10 C and 81.7% after 10,000 cycles at 50 C. Furthermore, NFPP‐0.25 demonstrates practical viability in an 800 mAh pouch cell, while DFT calculations provide deeper insights into its superior ion transport properties. Therefore, NFPP prepared by RRM strategy could emerge as a highly competitive candidate for stationary sodium‐ion batteries.

Revealing the Correlation between Structural Evolution and Reversible Phase Transition of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathode

2025-06-25

Ying‐de Huang , Peiyao Li , Han‐xin Wei +6 more | ACS Nano

Single-crystal nickel-rich cathodes are widely used in electric vehicles. However, the irreversible phase transition of H2-H3 during cycling leads to severe lattice distortion and disruption of the crystal structure, which … Single-crystal nickel-rich cathodes are widely used in electric vehicles. However, the irreversible phase transition of H2-H3 during cycling leads to severe lattice distortion and disruption of the crystal structure, which seriously hinders their practical application. Herein, we formed an atomic rearrangement structure with a superlattice phenomenon on the surface of the material by lattice engineering to achieve the reversible phase transition of H2-H3 and obtained structurally stable cathode materials. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of anionic and cationic codoping, the orderly occupation of transition metal ions with lithium ions stabilizes the long-range layered plate and realizes the reversible phase transition of H2-H3 in the highly charged state. Interestingly, the atomic rearrangement of the surface structure enhanced the mechanical modulus and suppressed particle cracks caused by compressive stress concentration. In addition, the stable electrode-electrolyte interface shielded the interfacial side reactions and mitigated the escape of lattice oxygen and the leaching of transition metals. As a result, the designed Zr/F-NCM||graphite pouch battery maintained 92.4% capacity after 1000 cycles, which provides a prospective guideline for improving the durability of layered oxide cathode materials.

A cobalt-free high-entropy P2/O3 layered oxide cathode with suppressed oxygen redox for sodium-ion batteries

2025-06-25

Jing Sun , Cai‐ling Liu , Chen-Xu Chen +7 more | Journal of Power Sources

Anion‐Cation Relay Mechanism in Hybrid Cathodes Enables High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-25

Bo‐Tian Liu , Zheng Li , Yuanhu Xu +6 more | Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract The inherently low theoretical capacity of conventional cathodes hinders the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). To address this challenge, hybrid cathode design offers promising solutions by introducing novel … Abstract The inherently low theoretical capacity of conventional cathodes hinders the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). To address this challenge, hybrid cathode design offers promising solutions by introducing novel storage mechanisms that can significantly enhance capacity. Here, this work reports a prussian blue analogues (PBAs)‐based hybrid cathode that employs an anion‐cation relay working mechanism. By leveraging MoS 2 /carbon fibers (CFs) as both a conductive additive and an anion host, this design significantly improves electrochemical performance. It delivers a satisfactory capacity of ≈143.8 mAh g −1 and great capacity retention of ≈87.4% after 500 cycles (decay rate of 0.025% per cycle), making it one of the best‐performing PBAs‐based PIBs cathodes reported to date. The dual‐ion PIBs constructed with MoS 2 /CFs anode and PBAs‐based hybrid cathode exhibits a specific capacity of ≈90.7 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 with an average Coulombic efficiency of ≈96.7% and retains ≈104.4% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles. The work not only demonstrates that the concept of anion‐cation relay mechanism is a general approach to improve conventional cathodes, but opens up an opportunity in designing high‐performance PIBs.

Research progress of lithium titanate anode as lithium ion capacitor

2025-06-25

Yuxuan Wang , Yaofang Zhang , Jinjie Zhou +7 more | Journal of Energy Storage

Curvature-Dependent Electrochemo-Mechanics of Silicon during Electrochemical Cycling

2025-06-24

Hyewon Jeong , Zhuoyuan Zheng , Parth Bansal +6 more | ACS Energy Letters

A new insight into high-performance NiS2@g-C3N4 anode for lithium-ion batteries – a DFT calculation and ex-situ XPS approach

2025-06-24

Ha Tran Huu , Nguyen Ngoc Tri , Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta Viswanath +5 more | Journal of Power Sources

Bimodal Electrode Microstructure Engineering for High-Rate Polarization Suppression in Lithium-Ion Batteries

2025-06-24

Woowon Chung , Hyewon Lee , JinHa Shim +1 more | Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

Modulus‐Engineered Silicates‐Buffering Matrix for Enhanced Lithium Storage of Micro‐Sized SiOx Anodes

2025-06-24

Tuan Lv , Feng Zhou , Yang He +7 more | Small Methods

Microscale Silicon suboxide (SiOx) is a promising anode material and elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycle stability of SiOx by converting … Microscale Silicon suboxide (SiOx) is a promising anode material and elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycle stability of SiOx by converting SiO2 into the electrochemically inert silicates-buffering matrix. However, the impact of the silicates-buffering modulus on the electrochemical properties is not well understood. Herein, the modulus of the silicate-buffering matrix is found to be crucial to restraining internal cracks and improving the electrochemical properties of microscale SiOx during cycling. Compared with the Li2SiO3 and MgSiO3 buffering matrixes, Mg2SiO4 has a higher modulus and yield stress resulting in better resistance to Si expansion-induced cracks during cycling. Moreover, Mg2SiO4 has a smaller Li+ diffusion energy barrier than Li2SiO3 and MgSiO3. Consequently, the microscale Mg-doped SiOx with the Mg2SiO4 buffering matrix has a high ICE, excellent structural integrity, and small electrode expansion during cycling. The results provide insights into the design of microscale SiOx anode materials by optimizing the silicates-buffering matrix for high-energy Li-ion batteries.

Novolak‐Derived Hard Carbon Negative Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Closed Pore Engineering via Cross‐linking Density of Precursors

2025-06-24

Liang‐Chieh Tseng , Wen‐Yang Jao , Chen‐Wei Tai +5 more | Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) has achieved huge success in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with a plateau capacity in the low‐potential regime extending the working voltage of full cells, similar to graphite … Abstract Hard carbon (HC) has achieved huge success in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with a plateau capacity in the low‐potential regime extending the working voltage of full cells, similar to graphite in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, this unique electrochemical signature is rarely observed in the application of HC in LIBs, due to the inherent differences in the HC microstructure and Li⁺ storage mechanism at the low‐potential regime. Herein, a novolak resin precursor with controllable cross–linking density (CLD) is used to fabricate HCs. By varying the catalysts, the binding position among oligomers shifts from random distributions to mostly ortho sites. Contemporary material analyses reveal that low‐CLD precursors tend to form pseudo‐graphitic layers at early stage, generating abundant closed pores under suitable carbonization condition. A well correlation between Li─ion plateau capacity and closed pore volume along with in situ XRD and Raman analyses confirms that low‐potential plateau results from Li + filling into closed pores in these novolak‐derived HCs. Consequently, the HC with optimal synthesis conditions achieves a reversible capacity of 550 mAh g⁻ 1 , including ≈ 50% plateau capacity (255 mAh g⁻ 1 ). This work provides comprehensive understanding in closed pore engineering and the origin of low‐potential plateau, offering a promising route for microstructural engineering toward high‐performance LIBs.

Crucial Role of Solvent and Additive During the Transformation of Liquid to Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Stabilizing 4.8 V Class LiCo0.9Fe0.1PO4 Cathode in Anode and Anodeless Assemblies

2025-06-24

Sreekumar Sreedeep , Karayi Mangat Athira , Yun‐Sung Lee +1 more | Small

Here, a new class of solid electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, the so-called gel-solid polymer electrolyte (G-SPE), for the stabilization of high-voltage cathodes. This work aims to optimize the suitable G-SPE … Here, a new class of solid electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, the so-called gel-solid polymer electrolyte (G-SPE), for the stabilization of high-voltage cathodes. This work aims to optimize the suitable G-SPE configuration, wherein different electrolyte combinations have been experimented with by varying the solvent and introducing additives. Further, the study has been extended for the stabilization of high-voltage cathodes like solid-state synthesized LiCo0.9Fe0.1PO4 (LCFP) and commercial LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), wherein the electrolyte combinations of G-SPE_B-EL_LIDFOB and G-SPE_B-EL_FEC show excellent electrochemical performance. The in situ impedance analysis has been carried out to analyze the stability of the gel-polymer interface, wherein RCT exhibits a stable magnitude even as the cycling progresses to the 50th and 100th cycle. The post-XPS analysis of the electrode shows a stable LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer on the electrode surface, showing the formation of a stable and robust layer enabled by LIDFOB along with the gel. In addition, the optimized G-SPE_B-EL_LIDFOB electrolyte combination has been further utilized for the fabrication of full- and anode-less cell configurations against Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and Cu as counter electrodes, respectively.

Gradient Defect Engineering Constructed Active Microregion to Assist Long‐Cycle‐Life Aqueous Soft‐Pack Device at High Current Density

2025-06-24

Guiquan Liu , Lin Sun , Qingjun Yang +3 more | Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract To meet the requirements of fast charging/discharging scenarios, the cycle life of aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density needs to be elevated. Herein, at a high current density … Abstract To meet the requirements of fast charging/discharging scenarios, the cycle life of aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density needs to be elevated. Herein, at a high current density of 25 A g −1 , the capacitance retention rate of the Aqueous Soft‐Pack Device (SPD) is 91.66% after 20 000 cycles. Additionally, the SPD demonstrates both remarkable power density and exceptional energy density. Nickel‐Cobalt‐Layered‐Double‐Hydroxides (NiCo‐LDHs) are promising candidates as positive electrodes for supercapacitors with notable conductivity and capacitance. Nevertheless, enhancing the active microregion on nano‐sheets in situ while preserving the integrity of the LDHs structure remains a significant challenge. The active microregion of NiCo‐LDHs through gradient defect engineering is constructed, and NiCo‐LDHs‐Ov‐30 (process for “30” min) with specific oxygen defects (Ov) is successfully synthesized. Owing to the presence of Ov in NiCo‐LDHs‐Ov‐30, the layered structure of the original LDHs is preserved, while the active microregion is increased and the internal charge transfer resistance is reduced, thereby significantly enhancing the explicit electrochemical performance of NiCo‐LDHs‐Ov‐30. Meanwhile, this conclusion has been further substantiated by first‐principles calculation, particularly the positive shift in the d‐band center, which enhances the electrochemical reactivity of LDHs. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of NiCo‐LDHs‐Ov‐30 is confirmed using ex situ XRD and in situ Raman characterization.

Ionic potential for battery materials

2025-06-24

Qidi Wang , Yong‐Sheng Hu , Hong Li +3 more | Nature Reviews Materials

Crystalline Structure Engineering of Metal Sulfides Toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Storage

2025-06-24

Xi Chen , Seong‐Ho Kong , Dongxu Yu +6 more | Carbon Neutralization

ABSTRACT Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and high theoretical capacities. However, their poor intrinsic electronic conductivity hinders reaction kinetics. In this … ABSTRACT Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and high theoretical capacities. However, their poor intrinsic electronic conductivity hinders reaction kinetics. In this study, we propose a strategy of crystalline structure engineering to achieve metallic electronic conductivity, thereby significantly enhancing the electrochemical reaction kinetics during sodium‐ion storage. Our findings reveal that iron sulfides with different crystal structures exhibit distinct electrochemical behaviors in sodium‐ion batteries. Specifically, the metallic‐phase tetragonal FeS, characterized by its layered structure, demonstrates superior electronic conductivity, electrochemical reversibility, and fast reaction kinetics. These attributes result in a markedly higher sodium storage capacity and faster electrochemical reactivity compared to semiconducting hexagonal FeS. This study introduces a critical strategy for designing next‐generation sodium storage anodes with improved electrochemical performance.

Long-cycle performance of the hollow and sandwich structured of H-TiO2/Fe3O4/C anode material for lithium-ion batteries

2025-06-24

Daming Yong , Xiaomeng Kang , Ming Yin +1 more | Ionics

Simultaneous modulation of oxygen and carbon compositions in SiOC ceramics for high‐capacity and durable anode materials

2025-06-24

Jin Sung Kim , Hae Ri Lee , Myung‐kyun Kim +4 more | Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Abstract Phenyl‐rich silicone (Si) oil is successfully cured through the protodesilylation reaction using sulfuric acid, and its subsequent inert pyrolysis significantly improved the yield of the SiOC ceramics. By varying … Abstract Phenyl‐rich silicone (Si) oil is successfully cured through the protodesilylation reaction using sulfuric acid, and its subsequent inert pyrolysis significantly improved the yield of the SiOC ceramics. By varying the amount of sulfuric acid during the reaction, the carbon and oxygen compositions in the resulting SiOC ceramics were effectively modulated. Increasing the sulfuric acid content led to greater oxygen incorporation within the ceramic phase, providing additional lithium storage sites. Furthermore, the protodesilylation reaction reduced the carbon content while simultaneously improving carbon crystallinity. SiOC 1.5 with optimal oxygen and carbon content, prepared at an H 2 SO 4 /Si oil molar ratio of 1.5, demonstrated the highest electrochemical performance. This sample achieved an initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 68% and exhibited a remarkable lithium storage capacity of 935 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. This study introduces a novel method for controlling oxygen and carbon content in SiOC ceramics through the oxidation of Si oil via acid treatment. We believe that these findings provide valuable insights and open a new pathway for the design and synthesis of SiOC precursors with tailored electrochemical properties.

Sodium-Rich Na3+4xMnTi1–x(PO4)3 Cathode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

2025-06-24

Chu Pan , Haiman Fan , Fangjie Ji +7 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials

Probing Solid-State Interface Kinetics via Alternating Current Electrophoretic Deposition: LiFePO4 Li-Metal Batteries

2025-06-24

Su Jeong Lee , Byoungnam Park | Applied Sciences

This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the interfacial charge storage mechanisms and lithium-ion transport behavior of Li-metal all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) employing LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes fabricated via alternating current electrophoretic … This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the interfacial charge storage mechanisms and lithium-ion transport behavior of Li-metal all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) employing LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes fabricated via alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC-EPD) and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) as the solid-state electrolyte. We demonstrate that optimal sintering improves the LATP–LFP interfacial contact, leading to higher lithium diffusivity (~10−9 cm2∙s−1) and diffusion-controlled kinetics (b ≈ 0.5), which directly translate to better rate capability. Structural and electrochemical analyses—including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and rate capability tests—demonstrate that the cell with LATP sintered at 900 °C delivers the highest Li-ion diffusivity (~10−9 cm2∙s−1), near-ideal diffusion-controlled behavior (b-values ~0.5), and superior rate capability. In contrast, excessive sintering at 1000 °C led to reduced diffusivity (~10−10 cm2∙s−1). The liquid electrolyte system showed higher b-values (~0.58), indicating the inclusion of surface capacitive behavior. The correlation between b-values, diffusivity, and morphology underscores the critical role of interface engineering and electrolyte processing in determining the performance of solid-state batteries. This study establishes AC-EPD as a viable and scalable method for fabricating additive-free LFP cathodes and offers new insights into the structure–property relationships governing the interfacial transport in ASSBs.

Synthesis of C/MoS2–FeMo2S4–MoC for Application in Li–O2 Batteries

2025-06-24

Wenhong Liu , Zhi-Zhong Pan , Mingyang Zhu +3 more | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

A “Two-In-One” Strategy in Sodium Metal Batteries: A Cost-Effective Co/Mo Metal–Organic Framework-Modified Filter Paper Separator with Ion-Sieving and Desolvation Effects in Confined Channels

2025-06-24

Kai Li , Wenjing Yang , Jianmin Hao +1 more | ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Quantitatively Regulated Adsorption Behavior of Black Liquor‐Derived Carbon Anode for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-24

Yongfeng Zhu , Shengdi Li , Daxian Cao +1 more | Small

Abstract Carbonaceous anode showcases great potential for potassium‐ion batteries, yet their performance is unsatisfactory. Doping nitrogen atoms and increasing the specific surface area are two popular strategies for boosting the … Abstract Carbonaceous anode showcases great potential for potassium‐ion batteries, yet their performance is unsatisfactory. Doping nitrogen atoms and increasing the specific surface area are two popular strategies for boosting the adsorption behavior, resulting in fast reaction kinetics, increased capacity, and long durability. However, rationally regulating the nitrogen content and specific surface area remains challenging, and their effect on adsorption behavior lacks quantified investigations. Here, we synthesize black liquor‐derived carbon anodes, where nitrogen content and specific surface area are precisely controlled through a chemical grafting strategy combined with varying pyrolysis temperatures. A concept of average adsorption sites is proposed for evaluating the adsorption behavior. For the first time, it is revealed that the adsorption ratio is linear and quantitatively regulated by average adsorption sites. Moreover, an ultrahigh adsorption contribution, low adsorption energy, and superior electrolyte wettability contribute to exceptional electrochemical performance. As a result, the anode achieved high capacities of 389.2 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g −1 , 288.2 mAh g −1 after 2500 cycles at 1000 mA g −1 , and 183.7 mAh g −1 after 5000 cycles at 2000 mA g −1 . This study paves the way for rationally regulating the adsorption behavior of carbonous anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries.

High Entropy‐Tuning Enables Suppressed Phase Transition of Layered Manganese‐Based Oxides for High‐Mass‐Loading Potassium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-24

Shaojun Guo , Yan Huang , Wande Song +5 more | Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract Layered manganese‐based oxides are regarded as promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability, primarily due … Abstract Layered manganese‐based oxides are regarded as promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability, primarily due to multiple phase transitions and pronounced Jahn–Teller distortion. Herein, a high‐entropy layered oxide, K 0.45 Mn 0.75 Mg 0.05 Al 0.05 Cr 0.05 Co 0.05 Ti 0.05 O 2 is reported, in which the synergistic effect of multicomponent incorporation effectively addresses these challenges. The Cr 3+ /Cr 6+ redox couple provides additional charge compensation and reduces the dependence on the Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ redox pair, thereby mitigating Jahn–Teller distortion. Moreover, the increased configurational entropy suppresses the formation of the unfavorable P3″ phase and delays the P3′ phase transition during cycling, which enhances K + diffusion kinetics and inhibits microcrack propagation. As a result, the synthesized cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 124.2 mAh g −1 at 20 mA g −1 and retains 81% of its capacity after 120 cycles in a full‐cell. Notably, a thick electrode with an ultrahigh mass loading of 48.5 mg cm −2 achieves an areal capacity of 4.0 mAh cm −2 , representing a record‐high value among PIB cathodes. This work offers a new pathway for the rational design of high‐performance cathode materials, underscoring their promise for high‐energy‐density PIBs.

Tailoring nanostructured Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode with high phase purity for ultrahigh-rate and long-life sodium-ion batteries

2025-06-24

Yixin Jia , Yanze Li , Zheng Wang +5 more | Journal of Power Sources

Boron-Fluoride Anion-Derived Layers Facilitate Long-Cycle and High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

2025-06-24

Jingyi Yang , Bingyan Song , Tinghuan Huang +3 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials

Theoretical screening of VS2/borophene heterostructure as a promising anode material for Na-ion batteries

2025-06-23

Mehwish Khalid Butt , Yang Zhao , H. B. Cao +3 more | Journal of Energy Storage

Transition Metal Atom–Cluster Synergistic Modification with Tuned d‐band Center Imparts Longevous Potassium Metal Anodes

2025-06-23

Qian Liu , Yongbiao Mu , Ye Tao +7 more | Angewandte Chemie International Edition

The tailored nucleation and growth of potassium metal over a current collector is essential to realize longevous potassium metal anodes. The commercial current collector lacks sufficient nucleation sites and fails … The tailored nucleation and growth of potassium metal over a current collector is essential to realize longevous potassium metal anodes. The commercial current collector lacks sufficient nucleation sites and fails to guide uniform deposition, underscoring the request for interfacial modulation maneuvers. Herein, we develop transition metal atom–cluster moiety decorated N‐doped hollow carbon nanosphere to modify the Al current collector. In a Fe model system, the Fe single atoms provide high surface energy and fast charge transfer, while Fe clusters serve as local electron reservoirs. This cooperative architecture manages to tune the d‐band center, accordingly promoting the potassium capture and minimizing the nucleation overpotential to merely 4 mV. Theoretical simulations and in situ microscopic/spectroscopic characterizations evidence that the synergistic modification markedly accelerates potassium plating/stripping kinetics, enabling prolonged symmetric‐cell cycling (approaching 3000 h) and stabilized full‐cell performance (0.022% decay rate per cycle over 2000 cycles). This strategy could be extended to other transition metals (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu), offering a paradigm for atomic‐level interfacial engineering towards reversible alkali metal batteries.

Benchmarking Density Functional Theory Methods for Efficient Calculations of a Strongly Correlated Li1–xNi1–yO2−δ System

2025-06-23

Shenli Zhang , Wenyu Sun , Eder G. Lomeli +3 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials

Heteroatoms Synergistic Anchoring Vacancies in Phosphorus-Doped CoSe2 Enable Ultrahigh Activity and Stability in Li–S Batteries

2025-06-23

Xiaoya Zhou , Wei Mao , Chengwei Ye +4 more | Nano-Micro Letters

Electrocatalyst activity and stability demonstrate a "seesaw" relationship. Introducing vacancies (Vo) enhances the activity by improving reactant affinity and increasing accessible active sites. However, deficient or excessive Vo reduces polysulfide … Electrocatalyst activity and stability demonstrate a "seesaw" relationship. Introducing vacancies (Vo) enhances the activity by improving reactant affinity and increasing accessible active sites. However, deficient or excessive Vo reduces polysulfide adsorption and lowers catalytic stability. Herein, a novel "heteroatoms synergistic anchoring vacancies" strategy is proposed to address the trade-off between high activity and stability. Phosphorus-doped CoSe2 with remained rich selenium vacancies (P-CS-Vo-0.5) was synthesized by producing abundant selenium Vo followed by controlled P atom doping. Atomic-scale microstructure analysis elucidated a dynamic process of surface vacancy generation and the subsequent partial occupation of these vacancies by P atoms. Density functional theory simulations and in situ Raman tests revealed that the Se vacancies provide highly active catalytic sites, accelerating polysulfide conversion, while P incorporation effectively reduces the surface energy of Se vacancies and suppresses their inward migration, enhancing structural robustness. The battery with the optimal P-CS-Vo-0.5 separator delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1306.7 mAh g-1 at 0.2C, and maintain 5.04 mAh cm-2 at a high sulfur loading (5.7 mg cm-2, 5.0 μL mg-1), achieving 95.1% capacity retention after 80 cycles. This strategy of modifying local atomic environments offers a new route to designing highly active and stable catalysts.

Single-Crystal, Highly Ni-Rich LiNi0.9Co0.055Mn0.045O2 Cathode Material: Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis and Grain Size Regulation

2025-06-23

Wenhao Yu , Congrui Ouyang , Jiapei Wang +1 more | Inorganic Chemistry

Highly Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials are promising candidates for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity and low cost. However, traditional methods for preparing single-crystal, highly Ni-rich … Highly Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials are promising candidates for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity and low cost. However, traditional methods for preparing single-crystal, highly Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x ≥ 0.9), such as coprecipitation and sol-gel processes, are complex and environmentally detrimental and present challenges, including difficulty in continuous production, poor uniformity, and performance instability. In this study, we report the synthesis of single-crystal, highly Ni-rich LiNi0.9Co0.055Mn0.045O2 (NCM90) cathode materials via a novel spray pyrolysis method. To overcome the issue of small particle sizes in materials prepared by spray pyrolysis followed by sintering, we introduced an annealing process, increasing the particle size of NCM90 from 0.31 to 0.81 μm. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of NCM90 materials was conducted during spray pyrolysis, high-temperature sintering, and annealing. Under optimized conditions: spray pyrolysis at 800 °C, sintering at 800 °C, and annealing at 650 °C, high-performance NCM90 with an initial discharge capacity of 225.7 mAh g-1 and a 50-cycle capacity retention of 84.5% was achieved. This study clarifies the impact of synthesis conditions on the performance of single-crystal, highly Ni-rich cathode materials prepared by spray pyrolysis, providing new insights for the development of high-performance LIBs.

Novel Copolymer Dispersant with Promoted Dispersibility of the LMFP Cathode Slurry for Boosting the Li-Ion Battery Performance

2025-06-23

Yun Pan , Xiaobo Wu , Tianai Yue +4 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials

Localized molten salt induces few layered MoSe2 for enhanced potassium ion storage

2025-06-23

Guang‐hua Guo , Yanqin Gu , Shuting Zhang +6 more | Journal of Energy Storage

Engineering Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes by Decoupling Precursor Generation and Deposition via a Two‐Pot Furnace Method

2025-06-23

Rohan Patil , Manisha Phadatare , Magnus Hummelgård +7 more | Nano Select

ABSTRACT Silicon materials are currently being explored for usage in lithium–ion battery anodes due to their high lithium storage capacity, but their practical application is hindered by severe volume expansion … ABSTRACT Silicon materials are currently being explored for usage in lithium–ion battery anodes due to their high lithium storage capacity, but their practical application is hindered by severe volume expansion during cycling, leading to mechanical degradation and capacity fading. This study introduces a novel two‐pot method for synthesizing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) to address these challenges. The method decouples precursor decomposition and nanoparticles deposition enabling in situ growth of Si NPs on nanographite substrates. By replacing hazardous silane precursors with polyvinyl alcohol or hydrogen gas, we eliminate safety risks while simplifying production. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization confirm uniform Si NP deposition. The fabricated electrodes displayed stable electrochemical performance with a capacity of 503 mAh/g after 100 cycles in a half‐cell configuration. This approach offers a safe route for producing high‐performance silicon‐based anodes.

High‐Performance Rechargeable Lithium‐Chlorine Batteries with ALD Conformal Starburst Porous Graphene Positive Electrodes

2025-06-23

Zhuo Yang , Yanan Huang , Wei Zhou +7 more | Advanced Science

Rechargeable alkali metal-chlorine batteries are emerging as a promising high-energy-density solution. However, they confront significant challenges, including the primary issue stemming from the weak binding affinity of cathode materials for … Rechargeable alkali metal-chlorine batteries are emerging as a promising high-energy-density solution. However, they confront significant challenges, including the primary issue stemming from the weak binding affinity of cathode materials for Cl2, which leads to a sluggish and inadequate supply of Cl2 during the redox reactions, resulting in a shortened cycle life and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), particularly when operating at ultrahigh specific capacity outputs. Herein, an Al2O3-skinned heterostructured starburst porous graphene with conformal metasurfaces (Al2O3@rGO) is reported, crafted from a hierarchical porous starburst graphene arranged in a unique layered structure by the PTFE microemulsion skin effect, leveraging subsequent fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (FBALD) of Al2O3 groups. Al2O3@rGO features superhydrophilicity, effective adsorption, fast kinetics from stable dynamic respiratory interface, high electrical and thermal conductivity anisotropy, intelligent thermal management and safe operation over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the Li-Cl2@Al2O3@rGO battery achieves an ultrahigh discharge specific capacity of 5000 mAh g-1 at ≈100% CE, and even delivers stable cycling over 200 cycles with 2000 mAh g-1 at an average CE of 99.8% under low temperature environment of -40 °C. The scalable heterostructure approach offers a sustainable perspective of the development of functionalized metamaterials and metasurfaces for next-generation safe and energy-dense batteries and broader applications.

A Cross‐Linked Flexible Metaferroelectrolyte Regulated by 2D/2D Perovskite Heterostructures for High‐Performance Compact Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

2025-06-23

Yanan Huang , Zhuo Yang , Wei Zhou +7 more | Advanced Science

To address the issues of limited ionic conductivity and poor interface stability at room and low temperatures in solid-state electrolytes, a robust intrinsic ferroelectrolyte or nanoferroelectrolyte strategy for engineering solid-state … To address the issues of limited ionic conductivity and poor interface stability at room and low temperatures in solid-state electrolytes, a robust intrinsic ferroelectrolyte or nanoferroelectrolyte strategy for engineering solid-state flexible ferroelectric composite electrolytes utilizing strongly coupled intrinsic ion conducting 2D/2D sodium-rich anti-perovskite (NaRAP)/ferroelectric perovskite heterostructures is introduced. Herein, highly scalable PVDF-based metaferroelectrolytes with Na2.99Ba0.005OCl/Ca2Na2Nb5O16 - (CNNO-) nanosheets into a ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix, through an in situ cross-linking and spontaneous bridging method, for compact solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs), are reported. Benefiting from unique well-dispersed 3D ferroelectric coupled network and the Na2.99Ba0.005OCl/CNNO--induced PVDF-HFP ferroelectric β phase, the Na+ flux is regulated, thereby inhibiting Na dendrite growth at the interface. Notably, the optimized PH-5% NC metaferroelectrolyte exhibits rapid ion transport (1.11 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C), a wide electrochemical window (> 4.8V), superior conformal mechanical compatibility, improved flexibility, good elasticity and flame retardancy. The solid-state Na3V2(PO4)3/PH-5% NC/Na batteries present a stable cycling performance (remaining 56.4 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1 C) even at 0 °C, potential for cost-effective, safe, stable and compact SSB energy storage over 600 Wh L-1, vastly surpassing 365 Wh L-1 of the current commercial sodium-ion liquid-electrolyte batteries.

An in‐depth Study of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Compositional Evolution in Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Unravelling the Effects of a Na Metal Counter Electrode on the SEI

2025-06-23

Jack R. Fitzpatrick , Beth Murdock , P. Thakur +5 more | Advanced Science

A comprehensive understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for ensuring long-term battery stability. This is particularly pertinent in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), where the SEI remains poorly understood, … A comprehensive understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for ensuring long-term battery stability. This is particularly pertinent in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), where the SEI remains poorly understood, and investigations are typically undertaken in half-cell configurations with sodium metal as the counter electrode. Na metal is known to be highly reactive with common carbonate-based electrolytes; nevertheless, its effects on SEI formation at the working electrode are largely unexplored. This work investigates the evolution of the SEI in NIBs during cycling, with an emphasis on the consequences of using a sodium metal counter electrode. Advanced analytical techniques, including hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), are used to obtain depth-resolved insights into the chemical composition and structural changes of the SEI on hard carbon anodes during cycling. The findings demonstrate that the cell configuration has a significant impact on SEI evolution and, by extension, battery performance. These findings suggest that full-cell studies are necessary to better simulate practical operating conditions, challenging traditional half-cell experiments.

High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework

2025-06-23

Shuai Liu , Puiki Leung , Yong Zuo +5 more | Advanced Science

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their well-ordered porous structures that facilitate ion storage and transport. However, conventional 2D and … Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their well-ordered porous structures that facilitate ion storage and transport. However, conventional 2D and 3D COFs often require post-processing, such as ball milling or carbon compositing, to enhance electrochemical performance. In this study, a 1D imine-linked COF, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine-2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (TP-PDA), is synthesized via a one-step Schiff base reaction, achieving a fully conjugated and porous structure that enables efficient sodium-ion transport. TP-PDA is insoluble in organic electrolytes, ensuring stable cycling performance. The material exhibits a high average discharge potential of 3.1 V and delivers a discharge capacity of 124 mAh g-1 at 3 A g-1 after 1800 cycles, with a capacity retention exceeding 90%. In a full-cell configuration with a hard carbon anode, the battery maintains a stable capacity of 122 mAh g-1 after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g-1 without noticeable capacity degradation. Furthermore, the flexible pouch cell retains its electrochemical integrity under bending conditions, demonstrating its potential for flexible and wearable energy storage applications.

Sodium Mesoxalate as Sacrificial Salt for Biomass‐Derived Hard Carbon // Polyanionic Cathode Na‐Ion Full Cells

2025-06-23

Nekane Nieto , Marilena Mancini , A. López-Urionabarrenechea +5 more | Batteries & Supercaps

Up to date, research on sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has primarily focused on half‐cell configurations, a crucial but preliminary step in evaluating suitable materials for full‐cell SIBs. To date, the literature … Up to date, research on sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has primarily focused on half‐cell configurations, a crucial but preliminary step in evaluating suitable materials for full‐cell SIBs. To date, the literature on hard carbon (HC)‐based full‐cell SIBs remains limited, and the irreversibility associated with the first cycle of HC anodes presents a significant challenge for the commercialization of hard carbon‐based SIBs. This work evaluates sodium mesoxalate as a sacrificial salt (SS) in the cathode to compensate for biomass‐based hard carbon first cycle irreversibility in two full‐cell systems versus Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @C and Na 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F@C. This sacrificial salt is selected due to its nonflammability, low cost, and ease of dehydration. Full‐cell studies utilizing the sacrificial salt‐containing cathodes and biomass‐derived hard carbon anodes demonstrate to achieve outstanding specific capacity and rate capability at low and moderate rates (from 9 to 130 mA g −1 ) for the fluorophosphate cell chemistry but poorer electrochemical results for the NASICON‐based system. Finally, Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied to the sacrificial salt containing full‐cells to evaluate and compare the environmental footprint of these SS full‐cells based on a sustainable anode with polyanionic cathode chemistries.

Deployment strategies for Li-rich cathode materials in batteries

2025-06-23

Mengting Zheng , Xinxin Zhu , Hongfei Zheng +2 more | Nature Energy

Regulation on Morphology and Electronic Structure Design of Vanadium‐Based Sodium Phosphate Cathodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-23

Xinran Qi , Baoxiu Hou , Ruifang Zhang +7 more | Carbon Energy

ABSTRACT Sodium‐ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources, low solvation energy, and cost‐effectiveness. Among the available cathode … ABSTRACT Sodium‐ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources, low solvation energy, and cost‐effectiveness. Among the available cathode materials, vanadium‐based sodium phosphate cathodes are particularly notable for their high operating voltage, excellent thermal stability, and superior cycling performance. However, these materials face significant challenges, including sluggish reaction kinetics, the toxicity of vanadium, and poor electronic conductivity. To overcome these limitations and enhance electrochemical performance, various strategies have been explored. These include morphology regulation via diverse synthesis routes and electronic structure optimization through metal doping, which effectively improve the diffusion of Na + and electrons in vanadium‐based phosphate cathodes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with V‐based polyanion cathodes and examines the role of morphology and electronic structure design in enhancing performance. Key vanadium‐based phosphate frameworks, such as orthophosphates (Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ), pyrophosphates (NaVP 2 O 7 , Na 2 (VO)P 2 O 7 , Na 7 V 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 4 ), and mixed phosphates (Na 7 V 4 (P 2 O 7 ) 4 PO 4 ), are discussed in detail, highlighting recent advances and insights into their structure–property relationships. The design of cathode material morphology offers an effective approach to optimizing material structures, compositions, porosity, and ion/electron diffusion pathways. Simultaneously, electronic structure tuning through element doping allows for the regulation of band structures, electron distribution, diffusion barriers, and the intrinsic conductivity of phosphate compounds. Addressing the challenges associated with vanadium‐based sodium phosphate cathode materials, this study proposes feasible solutions and outlines future research directions toward advancement of high‐performance vanadium‐based polyanion cathodes.

Transition Metal Atom–Cluster Synergistic Modification with Tuned d‐band Center Imparts Longevous Potassium Metal Anodes

2025-06-23

Qian Liu , Yongbiao Mu , Ye Tao +7 more | Angewandte Chemie

A Sandwich‐Structured Na2Ti6O13/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for Improved Energy Storage in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

2025-06-23

Jungwook Song , Jungmin Han , H. Ju +5 more | Small Methods

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to be a cost‐effective and sustainable solution for large‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) due to the abundance of sodium reserves. Na 2 Ti … Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to be a cost‐effective and sustainable solution for large‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) due to the abundance of sodium reserves. Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 has been considered as a suitable candidate for use as an anode material in SIBs owing to its environmental friendliness, low cost, and excellent cycling stability. Despite its advantages, Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 has intrinsic limitations such as electrical conductivity. To overcome these obstacles, a sandwich‐structured Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 /reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is synthesized through a liquid‐phase exfoliation and restacking method using electrostatic interactions. The Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 /rGO composite showed remarkable improvement in both reversible discharge capacity and cycle stability. In comparison to bare Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 with a discharge capacity of 20.1 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles, the Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 /rGO1 composite displayed a discharge capacity of 196.5 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 and a voltage range of 0.01–2.5 V. Furthermore, the Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 /rGO1||Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 full cell are assembled, discharging an energy density of 251.3 Wh kg −1 anode with a power density of 228.1 W kg −1 anode after 100 cycles in a voltage range of 1.0–4.0 V.

Harnessing the Full Potential of Zr Dopant for LiNiO2 by Tailoring Spatial Distribution

2025-06-23

Eun Hee Lee , JinHa Shim , Jin Ho Bang | Small Methods

Abstract High‐nickel layered oxide materials are crucial for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries; however, their stability remains a significant challenge. While doping has emerged as a promising strategy for stabilization, the inconsistent … Abstract High‐nickel layered oxide materials are crucial for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries; however, their stability remains a significant challenge. While doping has emerged as a promising strategy for stabilization, the inconsistent doping effects reported in the literature necessitate a more profound mechanistic understanding. To address this, a Zr‐doped LiNiO 2 model system is employed to investigate the influence of dopant distribution. These findings reveal that the spatial distribution of the dopant, primarily dictated by the slow solid‐state diffusion kinetics during sintering, critically influences its functional role. By utilizing different doping methodologies, varying Zr distributions are achieved within the LiNiO 2 matrix. Solid‐state doping resulted in the formation of a monoclinic Li 2 ZrO 3 surface layer, attributed to diffusion limitations, which led to an enhanced initial capacity. Conversely, co‐precipitation facilitated a more uniform Zr distribution and induced surface cation mixing, thereby improving structural stability. Given these insights, a novel hybrid doping strategy that synergistically combines the benefits of both distribution profiles, ultimately achieving superior electrochemical performance, is proposed. This work highlights the critical importance of precisely controlling dopant spatial distribution, suggesting that this challenge, exemplified by Zr in this study, represents a general consideration for various dopants in the rational design of advanced materials for energy applications.

Strategic germanium doping for Jahn-Teller suppression in high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4: multiscale analysis of interfacial dynamics and electronic structure evolution

2025-06-23

Ziming Wang , Rui Wang , Hanbo Wang +7 more | Journal of Power Sources

Improving the Electrochemical Performance of Layered Oxide Cathodes via Fluorine Anion Doping and Medium-Entropy Configuration Design

2025-06-23

Yixu Zhang , Ruijuan Wang , Yuxin Zhang +6 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials