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We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold … We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold (TM,Ļ€TM,Ī») from a bi-Hamiltonian manifold (M,Ļ€1,Ļ€2). This structure can be considered as a deformation of the Poisson structure related to an algebroid structure. We show that the bi-Hamiltonian structure from M can be transferred to the manifold TM. Moreover we present how to construct the Casimir functions for structures Ļ€TM, Ļ€TM,Ī», Ļ€ĢƒTg*, and Ļ€ĢƒTg*,Ī» from the Casimir functions for Ļ€1 and Ļ€2 and discuss some particular examples.
We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations … We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations on L + (5) and T * R 5 by quadratures as well as discuss their possible physical interpretation.
We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations … We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers a1, …, an āˆ’ 1. Using isomorphism \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$(\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}})^*\cong L_+$\end{document}(Aa1,...,anāˆ’1)*≅L+ we introduce a Lie–Poisson structure on the space of upper-triangular matrices L+. In this way, we generate hierarchies of Hamiltonian systems with bihamiltonian structure.
We prove that a linear (q, h)-difference operator with leading coefficient equal to one admits a factorization into first order linear (q, h)-difference operators. Some applications and limiting cases are … We prove that a linear (q, h)-difference operator with leading coefficient equal to one admits a factorization into first order linear (q, h)-difference operators. Some applications and limiting cases are also presented.
We construct R operators on the Lie algebra š”¤š”©(n, ā„) or more generally Hilbert–Schmidt operators L2 in Hilbert space. These operators are related to a multiparameter deformation given by a … We construct R operators on the Lie algebra š”¤š”©(n, ā„) or more generally Hilbert–Schmidt operators L2 in Hilbert space. These operators are related to a multiparameter deformation given by a sequence of parameters α = {a1, a2, …}. We determine for which choices of parameters R operators are R-matrices. We also construct the Lax pair for the corresponding Hamilton equations.
We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these … We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these fields to construct a collection of interesting new algebroid structures. Next, we show that these constructions can be used in a more general situation, starting from an arbitrary Lie algebroid over M. In the final step, we show that after limiting ourselves to Lie algebras these formulas as a special case contain brackets well known in theory of classical r-matrices. We can think of our constructions as extending the concept of classical r-matrices to Lie algebroids. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. … We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. This pair allows to build a Lie bracket on a dual space to a linear space V. The Lie algebra obtained in this way is solvable. In particular, when F is nilpotent, the Lie algebra is actually nilpotent. We show that these solvable algebras are the basic bricks of the construction of all other Lie algebras. Using relations between the Lie algebra, the Lie–Poisson structure and the Nambu bracket, we show that the algebra invariants (Casimir functions) are solutions of an equation which has an interesting geometric significance. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
In this paper we shall study the problem of the (q, h)-discretization (generalization) of ladder operators. We shall present a few illustrative and important examples including the Weber, Bessel and … In this paper we shall study the problem of the (q, h)-discretization (generalization) of ladder operators. We shall present a few illustrative and important examples including the Weber, Bessel and Laguerre ladders and their (q, h)-analogues.
In this paper we implement the Darboux transformation, as well as an analogue of Crum's theorem, for a discrete version of Schrƶdinger equation. The technique is based on the use … In this paper we implement the Darboux transformation, as well as an analogue of Crum's theorem, for a discrete version of Schrƶdinger equation. The technique is based on the use of first order operators intertwining two difference operators of second order. This method, which has been applied successfully for differential cases, leads also to interesting non trivial results in the discrete case. The technique allows us to construct the solutions for a wide class of difference Schrƶdinger equations. The exact solutions for some special potentials are also found explicitly.
The main goal of this paper is to present the possibility of application of some well known tools of Poisson geometry to classification of real low dimensional Lie algebras. The main goal of this paper is to present the possibility of application of some well known tools of Poisson geometry to classification of real low dimensional Lie algebras.
By solving an infinite nonlinear system of $q$-difference equations one constructs a chain of $q$-difference operators. The eigenproblems for the chain are solved and some applications, including the one related … By solving an infinite nonlinear system of $q$-difference equations one constructs a chain of $q$-difference operators. The eigenproblems for the chain are solved and some applications, including the one related to $q$-Hahn orthogonal polynomials, are discussed. It is shown that in the limit q->1 the present method corresponds to the one developed by Infeld and Hull.
We present a new look at the classification of real low-dimensional Lie algebras based on the notion of a linear bundle of Lie algebras. Belonging to a suitable family of … We present a new look at the classification of real low-dimensional Lie algebras based on the notion of a linear bundle of Lie algebras. Belonging to a suitable family of Lie bundles entails the compatibility of the Lie–Poisson structures with the dual spaces of those algebras. This gives compatibility of bi-Hamiltonian structure on the space of upper triangular matrices and with a bundle at the algebra level. We will show that all three-dimensional Lie algebras belong to two of these families and four-dimensional Lie algebras can be divided in three of these families.
In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also … In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also Poisson. We use this fact to describe the infinitesimal deformations of Poisson tensor $\pi_{TM}$. We study some of their properties and present a extensive set of examples in a low dimensional case.
We construct the family of algebroid brackets $[\cdot,\cdot]_{c,v}$ on the tangent bundle $T^*M$ to a Poisson manifold $(M,Ļ€)$ starting from an algebroid bracket of differential forms. We use these brackets … We construct the family of algebroid brackets $[\cdot,\cdot]_{c,v}$ on the tangent bundle $T^*M$ to a Poisson manifold $(M,Ļ€)$ starting from an algebroid bracket of differential forms. We use these brackets to generate Poisson structures on the tangent bundle $TM$. Next, in the case when $M$ is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure $(M,Ļ€_1, Ļ€_2)$ we show how to construct another family of Poisson structures. Moreover we present how to find Casimir functions for those structures and we discuss some particular examples.
In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also … In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also Poisson. We use this fact to describe the infinitesimal deformations of Poisson tensor $\pi_{TM}$. We study some of their properties and present a extensive set of examples in a low dimensional case.
In the case when M is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure (M, Ļ€ 1 , Ļ€ 2 ) we show how to construct family of Poisson structures on the tangent … In the case when M is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure (M, Ļ€ 1 , Ļ€ 2 ) we show how to construct family of Poisson structures on the tangent bundle T M to a Poisson manifold.Moreover we present how to find Casimir functions for those structures and we discuss some particular examples.
We present a new look at description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic element turns out to be a pair $(F,v)$ consisting of a linear mapping $F\in End(V)$ and … We present a new look at description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic element turns out to be a pair $(F,v)$ consisting of a linear mapping $F\in End(V)$ and its eigenvector $v$. This pair allows to build a Lie bracket on a dual space to a linear space $V$. This algebra is solvable. In particular, when $F$ is nilpotent, the Lie algebra is also nilpotent. We show that these solvable algebras are the basic bricks of the construction of all other Lie algebras. %Which allows, having a collection of pairs $(F_i,v_i)$, $i=1, \dots, n$, to construct any Lie algebra. Using relations between the Lie algebra, the Lie--Poisson structure and the Nambu bracket, we show that the algebra invariants (Casimir functions) are solutions of an equation which has a geometric sense. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
We study Lie-Rinehart algebra structures in the framework provided by a duality pairing of modules over a unital commutative associative algebra. Thus, we construct examples of Lie brackets corresponding to … We study Lie-Rinehart algebra structures in the framework provided by a duality pairing of modules over a unital commutative associative algebra. Thus, we construct examples of Lie brackets corresponding to a fixed anchor map whose image is a cyclic submodule of the derivation module, and therefore we call them cyclic Lie-Rinehart algebras. In a very special case of our construction, these brackets turn out to be related to certain differential operators that occur in mathematical physics.
We construct a family of integrable systems generated by the Casimir functions of Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, where the Lie bracket is deformed by a symmetric matrix. We construct a family of integrable systems generated by the Casimir functions of Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, where the Lie bracket is deformed by a symmetric matrix.
We investigate a symplectic dual pair related to a Lie algebra soa1,...,an-1 (n) of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers … We investigate a symplectic dual pair related to a Lie algebra soa1,...,an-1 (n) of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers a1,...,an-1.
We investigate a version of factorization method on a sequence of Hilbert spaces ā„‹k related to q– and (q, h)–ladder. We present second order q– and (q, h)–difference operators Hk … We investigate a version of factorization method on a sequence of Hilbert spaces ā„‹k related to q– and (q, h)–ladder. We present second order q– and (q, h)–difference operators Hk which can be factorized using first order operators Ak, A*k. As an examples we present (q, h)–Hermite II polynomials and q–deformed Schrƶdinger equation, where q is a root of unity.
This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be … This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be factorized using a pair of mutually adjoint first order difference operators. These classes encompass equations of hypergeometic type describing classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable.
In this paper, we propose a discrete model for the quantum harmonic oscillator. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the corresponding Schrƶdinger equation are obtained through the factorization method. It is … In this paper, we propose a discrete model for the quantum harmonic oscillator. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the corresponding Schrƶdinger equation are obtained through the factorization method. It is shown that this problem is also connected with the equation for Meixner polynomials.
In this paper we study one-point rank one commutative rings of difference operators. We find conditions on spectral data which specify such operators with periodic coefficients. In this paper we study one-point rank one commutative rings of difference operators. We find conditions on spectral data which specify such operators with periodic coefficients.
This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be … This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be factorized using a pair of mutually adjoint first order difference operators. These classes encompass equations of hypergeometic type describing classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable.
Abstract It was recently demonstrated that such classical concepts as eigenproblems and Lie algebras are closely related. A family of appropriate eigenproblems generates any finite-dimensional Lie algebra and, conversely, a … Abstract It was recently demonstrated that such classical concepts as eigenproblems and Lie algebras are closely related. A family of appropriate eigenproblems generates any finite-dimensional Lie algebra and, conversely, a Lie algebra generates a set of pairs ( F, v ), where F is a linear mapping and v its eigenvector. This point of view can be used to describe the invariants of Lie algebras. The application of this procedure is shown in detail on the example of five-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras.
Abstract It was recently demonstrated that such classical concepts as eigenproblems and Lie algebras are closely related. A family of appropriate eigenproblems generates any finite-dimensional Lie algebra and, conversely, a … Abstract It was recently demonstrated that such classical concepts as eigenproblems and Lie algebras are closely related. A family of appropriate eigenproblems generates any finite-dimensional Lie algebra and, conversely, a Lie algebra generates a set of pairs ( F, v ), where F is a linear mapping and v its eigenvector. This point of view can be used to describe the invariants of Lie algebras. The application of this procedure is shown in detail on the example of five-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras.
We study Lie-Rinehart algebra structures in the framework provided by a duality pairing of modules over a unital commutative associative algebra. Thus, we construct examples of Lie brackets corresponding to … We study Lie-Rinehart algebra structures in the framework provided by a duality pairing of modules over a unital commutative associative algebra. Thus, we construct examples of Lie brackets corresponding to a fixed anchor map whose image is a cyclic submodule of the derivation module, and therefore we call them cyclic Lie-Rinehart algebras. In a very special case of our construction, these brackets turn out to be related to certain differential operators that occur in mathematical physics.
We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. … We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. This pair allows to build a Lie bracket on a dual space to a linear space V. The Lie algebra obtained in this way is solvable. In particular, when F is nilpotent, the Lie algebra is actually nilpotent. We show that these solvable algebras are the basic bricks of the construction of all other Lie algebras. Using relations between the Lie algebra, the Lie–Poisson structure and the Nambu bracket, we show that the algebra invariants (Casimir functions) are solutions of an equation which has an interesting geometric significance. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
We present a new look at description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic element turns out to be a pair $(F,v)$ consisting of a linear mapping $F\in End(V)$ and … We present a new look at description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic element turns out to be a pair $(F,v)$ consisting of a linear mapping $F\in End(V)$ and its eigenvector $v$. This pair allows to build a Lie bracket on a dual space to a linear space $V$. This algebra is solvable. In particular, when $F$ is nilpotent, the Lie algebra is also nilpotent. We show that these solvable algebras are the basic bricks of the construction of all other Lie algebras. %Which allows, having a collection of pairs $(F_i,v_i)$, $i=1, \dots, n$, to construct any Lie algebra. Using relations between the Lie algebra, the Lie--Poisson structure and the Nambu bracket, we show that the algebra invariants (Casimir functions) are solutions of an equation which has a geometric sense. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
We present a new look at the classification of real low-dimensional Lie algebras based on the notion of a linear bundle of Lie algebras. Belonging to a suitable family of … We present a new look at the classification of real low-dimensional Lie algebras based on the notion of a linear bundle of Lie algebras. Belonging to a suitable family of Lie bundles entails the compatibility of the Lie–Poisson structures with the dual spaces of those algebras. This gives compatibility of bi-Hamiltonian structure on the space of upper triangular matrices and with a bundle at the algebra level. We will show that all three-dimensional Lie algebras belong to two of these families and four-dimensional Lie algebras can be divided in three of these families.
We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these … We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these fields to construct a collection of interesting new algebroid structures. Next, we show that these constructions can be used in a more general situation, starting from an arbitrary Lie algebroid over M. In the final step, we show that after limiting ourselves to Lie algebras these formulas as a special case contain brackets well known in theory of classical r-matrices. We can think of our constructions as extending the concept of classical r-matrices to Lie algebroids. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
In this paper, we propose a discrete model for the quantum harmonic oscillator. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the corresponding Schrƶdinger equation are obtained through the factorization method. It is … In this paper, we propose a discrete model for the quantum harmonic oscillator. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the corresponding Schrƶdinger equation are obtained through the factorization method. It is shown that this problem is also connected with the equation for Meixner polynomials.
The main goal of this paper is to present the possibility of application of some well known tools of Poisson geometry to classification of real low dimensional Lie algebras. The main goal of this paper is to present the possibility of application of some well known tools of Poisson geometry to classification of real low dimensional Lie algebras.
In the case when M is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure (M, Ļ€ 1 , Ļ€ 2 ) we show how to construct family of Poisson structures on the tangent … In the case when M is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure (M, Ļ€ 1 , Ļ€ 2 ) we show how to construct family of Poisson structures on the tangent bundle T M to a Poisson manifold.Moreover we present how to find Casimir functions for those structures and we discuss some particular examples.
In this paper we study one-point rank one commutative rings of difference operators. We find conditions on spectral data which specify such operators with periodic coefficients. In this paper we study one-point rank one commutative rings of difference operators. We find conditions on spectral data which specify such operators with periodic coefficients.
In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also … In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also Poisson. We use this fact to describe the infinitesimal deformations of Poisson tensor $\pi_{TM}$. We study some of their properties and present a extensive set of examples in a low dimensional case.
We construct the family of algebroid brackets $[\cdot,\cdot]_{c,v}$ on the tangent bundle $T^*M$ to a Poisson manifold $(M,Ļ€)$ starting from an algebroid bracket of differential forms. We use these brackets … We construct the family of algebroid brackets $[\cdot,\cdot]_{c,v}$ on the tangent bundle $T^*M$ to a Poisson manifold $(M,Ļ€)$ starting from an algebroid bracket of differential forms. We use these brackets to generate Poisson structures on the tangent bundle $TM$. Next, in the case when $M$ is equipped with a bi-Hamiltonian structure $(M,Ļ€_1, Ļ€_2)$ we show how to construct another family of Poisson structures. Moreover we present how to find Casimir functions for those structures and we discuss some particular examples.
In this paper we implement the Darboux transformation, as well as an analogue of Crum's theorem, for a discrete version of Schrƶdinger equation. The technique is based on the use … In this paper we implement the Darboux transformation, as well as an analogue of Crum's theorem, for a discrete version of Schrƶdinger equation. The technique is based on the use of first order operators intertwining two difference operators of second order. This method, which has been applied successfully for differential cases, leads also to interesting non trivial results in the discrete case. The technique allows us to construct the solutions for a wide class of difference Schrƶdinger equations. The exact solutions for some special potentials are also found explicitly.
In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also … In this paper we prove that both complete and vertical lifts of a Poisson vector field from a Poisson manifold $(M, \pi)$ to its tangent bundle $(TM, \pi_{TM})$ are also Poisson. We use this fact to describe the infinitesimal deformations of Poisson tensor $\pi_{TM}$. We study some of their properties and present a extensive set of examples in a low dimensional case.
This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be … This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be factorized using a pair of mutually adjoint first order difference operators. These classes encompass equations of hypergeometic type describing classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable.
We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold … We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold (TM,Ļ€TM,Ī») from a bi-Hamiltonian manifold (M,Ļ€1,Ļ€2). This structure can be considered as a deformation of the Poisson structure related to an algebroid structure. We show that the bi-Hamiltonian structure from M can be transferred to the manifold TM. Moreover we present how to construct the Casimir functions for structures Ļ€TM, Ļ€TM,Ī», Ļ€ĢƒTg*, and Ļ€ĢƒTg*,Ī» from the Casimir functions for Ļ€1 and Ļ€2 and discuss some particular examples.
We investigate a version of factorization method on a sequence of Hilbert spaces ā„‹k related to q– and (q, h)–ladder. We present second order q– and (q, h)–difference operators Hk … We investigate a version of factorization method on a sequence of Hilbert spaces ā„‹k related to q– and (q, h)–ladder. We present second order q– and (q, h)–difference operators Hk which can be factorized using first order operators Ak, A*k. As an examples we present (q, h)–Hermite II polynomials and q–deformed Schrƶdinger equation, where q is a root of unity.
This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be … This paper addresses an investigation on a factorization method for difference equations. It is proved that some classes of second order linear difference operators, acting in Hilbert spaces, can be factorized using a pair of mutually adjoint first order difference operators. These classes encompass equations of hypergeometic type describing classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable.
We construct R operators on the Lie algebra š”¤š”©(n, ā„) or more generally Hilbert–Schmidt operators L2 in Hilbert space. These operators are related to a multiparameter deformation given by a … We construct R operators on the Lie algebra š”¤š”©(n, ā„) or more generally Hilbert–Schmidt operators L2 in Hilbert space. These operators are related to a multiparameter deformation given by a sequence of parameters α = {a1, a2, …}. We determine for which choices of parameters R operators are R-matrices. We also construct the Lax pair for the corresponding Hamilton equations.
We investigate a symplectic dual pair related to a Lie algebra soa1,...,an-1 (n) of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers … We investigate a symplectic dual pair related to a Lie algebra soa1,...,an-1 (n) of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers a1,...,an-1.
We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations … We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers a1, …, an āˆ’ 1. Using isomorphism \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$(\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}})^*\cong L_+$\end{document}(Aa1,...,anāˆ’1)*≅L+ we introduce a Lie–Poisson structure on the space of upper-triangular matrices L+. In this way, we generate hierarchies of Hamiltonian systems with bihamiltonian structure.
We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations … We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations on L + (5) and T * R 5 by quadratures as well as discuss their possible physical interpretation.
In this paper we shall study the problem of the (q, h)-discretization (generalization) of ladder operators. We shall present a few illustrative and important examples including the Weber, Bessel and … In this paper we shall study the problem of the (q, h)-discretization (generalization) of ladder operators. We shall present a few illustrative and important examples including the Weber, Bessel and Laguerre ladders and their (q, h)-analogues.
We construct a family of integrable systems generated by the Casimir functions of Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, where the Lie bracket is deformed by a symmetric matrix. We construct a family of integrable systems generated by the Casimir functions of Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, where the Lie bracket is deformed by a symmetric matrix.
We prove that a linear (q, h)-difference operator with leading coefficient equal to one admits a factorization into first order linear (q, h)-difference operators. Some applications and limiting cases are … We prove that a linear (q, h)-difference operator with leading coefficient equal to one admits a factorization into first order linear (q, h)-difference operators. Some applications and limiting cases are also presented.
By solving an infinite nonlinear system of $q$-difference equations one constructs a chain of $q$-difference operators. The eigenproblems for the chain are solved and some applications, including the one related … By solving an infinite nonlinear system of $q$-difference equations one constructs a chain of $q$-difference operators. The eigenproblems for the chain are solved and some applications, including the one related to $q$-Hahn orthogonal polynomials, are discussed. It is shown that in the limit q->1 the present method corresponds to the one developed by Infeld and Hull.
The derivation dT on the exterior algebra of forms on a manifold M with values in the exterior algebra of forms on the tangent bundle TM is extended to multivector … The derivation dT on the exterior algebra of forms on a manifold M with values in the exterior algebra of forms on the tangent bundle TM is extended to multivector fields. These tangent lifts are studied with application to the theory of Poisson structures, their symplectic foliations, canonical vector fields and Poisson-Lie groups.
A method of analysis of the infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian equations which avoids the introduction of the BƤcklund transformation or the use of the Lax equation is suggested. This analysis is based … A method of analysis of the infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian equations which avoids the introduction of the BƤcklund transformation or the use of the Lax equation is suggested. This analysis is based on the possibility of connecting in several ways the conservation laws of special Hamiltonian equations with their symmetries by using symplectic operators. It leads to a simple and sufficiently general model of integrable Hamiltonian equation, of which the Korteweg–de Vries equation, the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation, the nonlinear Schrƶdinger equation and the so-called Harry Dym equation turn out to be particular examples.
All invariant functions of the group generators (generalized Casimir operators) are found for all real algebras of dimension up to five and for all real nilpotent algebras of dimension six. All invariant functions of the group generators (generalized Casimir operators) are found for all real algebras of dimension up to five and for all real nilpotent algebras of dimension six.
This paper shows that a Lie algebroid structure on a smooth vector bundle A to ( pi over)Q gives rise to a Lie algebroid structure on the bundle TA to … This paper shows that a Lie algebroid structure on a smooth vector bundle A to ( pi over)Q gives rise to a Lie algebroid structure on the bundle TA to (T pi over)TQ, called the tangent Lie algebroid. The analysis uses global arguments. A Lie algebroid A is equivalent to a certain Poisson structure on A*, and the tangent bundle of any Poisson manifold has a tangent Poisson structure. The tangent Poisson structure on TA* is then dualized to produce the tangent Lie algebroid structure on TA. Local calculations are used, and formulae for local brackets are given.
We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold … We construct two Poisson structures Ļ€TM and Ļ€ĢƒTM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,Ļ€) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold (TM,Ļ€TM,Ī») from a bi-Hamiltonian manifold (M,Ļ€1,Ļ€2). This structure can be considered as a deformation of the Poisson structure related to an algebroid structure. We show that the bi-Hamiltonian structure from M can be transferred to the manifold TM. Moreover we present how to construct the Casimir functions for structures Ļ€TM, Ļ€TM,Ī», Ļ€ĢƒTg*, and Ļ€ĢƒTg*,Ī» from the Casimir functions for Ļ€1 and Ļ€2 and discuss some particular examples.
A symplectic groupoid is a manifold T with a partially defined multiplication (satisfying certain axioms) and a compatible symplectic structure.The identity elements in T turn out to form a Poisson … A symplectic groupoid is a manifold T with a partially defined multiplication (satisfying certain axioms) and a compatible symplectic structure.The identity elements in T turn out to form a Poisson manifold To? and the correspondence between symplectic groupoids and Poisson manifolds is a natural extension of the one between Lie groups and Lie algebras.As with Lie groups, under certain (simple) connectivity assumptions, every homomorphism of symplectic groupoids is determined by its underlying Poisson mapping, and every Poisson mapping may be integrated to a canonical relation between symplectic groupoids.On the other hand, not every Poisson manifold arises from a symplectic groupoid, at least if we restrict our attention to ordinary manifolds (even non-Hausdorff ones), so "Lie's third fundamental theorem" does not apply in this context.Using the notion of symplectic groupoid, we can answer many of the questions raised by Karasev and Maslov [9,10] about "universal enveloping algebras" for quasiclassical approximations to nonlinear commutation relations.(I wish to acknowledge here that [9] already contains implicitly some of the ideas concerning Poisson structures and their symplectic realizations which were presented in [18].)In fact, the reading of Karasev and Maslov's papers was one of the main stimuli for the work described here.Following their reasoning, it seems that a suitably developed "quantization theory" for symplectic groupoids should provide a tool for studying nonlinear commutation relations which is analogous to the use of topology and analysis on global Lie groups in the study of linear commutation relations.Such a theory would also clarify the relation, mostly an analogy at present, between symplectic groupoids, star products [2], and the operator algebras of noncommutative differential geometry [3].More immediately, the notion of symplectic groupoid unifies many constructions in symplectic and Poisson geometry; in particular, it provides a framework for studying the collection of all symplectic realizations of a given Poisson manifold.A detailed exposition of these results will appear in [4].Many of the details were worked out during a visit to the UniversitĆ© Claude-Bernard Lyon I.I would like to thank Pierre Dazord for his hospitality in Lyon, as well as for many stimulating discussions.The idea of introducing groupoids into symplectic geometry arose in the course of conversations with Marc Rieffel about operator algebras and the subsequent reading of J. Renault's thesis m
We consider the algebraic properties of families of Lie brackets, also called linear bundles of Lie algebras, and especially ones that can be defined over the classical algebras. Some applications … We consider the algebraic properties of families of Lie brackets, also called linear bundles of Lie algebras, and especially ones that can be defined over the classical algebras. Some applications to the theory of the integrable systems are given as such bundles naturally define compatible Poisson–Lie (Kirillov) tensors.
We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations … We investigate a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on Lie-Poisson spaces L + (5) dual to Lie algebras so Ī»,α (5) being two-parameter deformations of so(5).We integrate corresponding Hamiltonian equations on L + (5) and T * R 5 by quadratures as well as discuss their possible physical interpretation.
We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these … We present some new constructions of Lie algebroids starting from vector fields on manifold M. The tangent bundle TM possess a natural structure of Lie algebroid, but we use these fields to construct a collection of interesting new algebroid structures. Next, we show that these constructions can be used in a more general situation, starting from an arbitrary Lie algebroid over M. In the final step, we show that after limiting ourselves to Lie algebras these formulas as a special case contain brackets well known in theory of classical r-matrices. We can think of our constructions as extending the concept of classical r-matrices to Lie algebroids. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
The progress of the factorization method since the 1935 work of Dirac is briefly reviewed. Though linked with older mathematical theories the factorization seems an autonomous 'driving force', offering substantial … The progress of the factorization method since the 1935 work of Dirac is briefly reviewed. Though linked with older mathematical theories the factorization seems an autonomous 'driving force', offering substantial support to the present day Darboux and Backlund approaches.
A Lie algebroid over a manifold is a vector bundle over that manifold whose properties are very similar to those of a tangent bundle. Its dual bundle has properties very … A Lie algebroid over a manifold is a vector bundle over that manifold whose properties are very similar to those of a tangent bundle. Its dual bundle has properties very similar to those of a cotangent bundle: in the graded algebra of sections of its external powers, one can define an operator similar to the exterior derivative. We present in this paper the theory of Lie derivatives, Schouten-Nijenhuis brackets and exterior derivatives in the general setting of a Lie algebroid, its dual bundle and their exterior powers. All the results (which, for their most part, are already known) are given with detailed proofs. In the final sections, the results are applied to Poisson manifolds.
In this paper we introduce -deformation of Weyl algebra and study the ladders in this algebra, which give the factorization of certain q- and h-difference operators of second order. In this paper we introduce -deformation of Weyl algebra and study the ladders in this algebra, which give the factorization of certain q- and h-difference operators of second order.
We argue that one can factorize the difference equation of hypergeometric type on the nonuniform lattices in general case. It is shown that in the most cases of q-linear spectrum … We argue that one can factorize the difference equation of hypergeometric type on the nonuniform lattices in general case. It is shown that in the most cases of q-linear spectrum of the eigenvalues this directly leads to the dynamical symmetry algebra $su_q(1,1)$, whose generators are explicitly constructed in terms of the difference operators, obtained in the process of factorization. Thus all models with the $q$-linear spectrum (some of them, but not all, previously considered in a number of publications) can be treated in a unified form.
We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations … We study a Lie algebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}}$\end{document}Aa1,...,anāˆ’1 of deformed skew-symmetric n Ɨ n matrices endowed with a Lie bracket given by a choice of deformed symmetric matrix. The deformations are parametrized by a sequence of real numbers a1, …, an āˆ’ 1. Using isomorphism \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$(\mathcal {A}_{a_1,\ldots ,a_{n-1}})^*\cong L_+$\end{document}(Aa1,...,anāˆ’1)*≅L+ we introduce a Lie–Poisson structure on the space of upper-triangular matrices L+. In this way, we generate hierarchies of Hamiltonian systems with bihamiltonian structure.
In this paper we describe a simple method for obtaining a classification of small-dimensional solvable Lie algebras. Using this method, we obtain the classification of three- and fourdimensional solvable Lie … In this paper we describe a simple method for obtaining a classification of small-dimensional solvable Lie algebras. Using this method, we obtain the classification of three- and fourdimensional solvable Lie algebras (over fields of any characteristic). Precise conditions for isomorphism are given.
For the general linear second-order q-difference equation, we show the interconnection between the factorization method and the Laguerre–Hahn polynomials on the general q-lattice. Applications are then given in the cases … For the general linear second-order q-difference equation, we show the interconnection between the factorization method and the Laguerre–Hahn polynomials on the general q-lattice. Applications are then given in the cases of the hypergeometric and Askey–Wilson second-order q-difference equations.
After a brief summary of the main properties of Poisson manifolds and Lie algebroids in general, we survey recent work on the modular classes of Poisson and twisted Poisson manifolds, … After a brief summary of the main properties of Poisson manifolds and Lie algebroids in general, we survey recent work on the modular classes of Poisson and twisted Poisson manifolds, of Lie algebroids with a Poisson or twisted Poisson structure, and of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds.A review of the spinor approach to the modular class concludes the paper.
In the paper we construct an hierarchy of integrable Hamiltonian systems which describe the variation of n-wave envelopes in nonlinear dielectric medium. The exact solutions for some special Hamiltonians are … In the paper we construct an hierarchy of integrable Hamiltonian systems which describe the variation of n-wave envelopes in nonlinear dielectric medium. The exact solutions for some special Hamiltonians are given in terms of elliptic functions of the first kind.
For general degenerate Poisson brackets, analogues are constructed of invariant vector fields, invariant forms, Haar measure and adjoint representation. A pseudogroup operation is defined that corresponds to nonlinear Poisson brackets, … For general degenerate Poisson brackets, analogues are constructed of invariant vector fields, invariant forms, Haar measure and adjoint representation. A pseudogroup operation is defined that corresponds to nonlinear Poisson brackets, and analogues are obtained for the three classical theorems of Lie. The problem of constructing global pseudogroups is examined.
We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. … We present a new look at the description of real finite-dimensional Lie algebras. The basic ingredient is a pair (F,v) consisting of a linear mapping F∈End(V) with an eigenvector v. This pair allows to build a Lie bracket on a dual space to a linear space V. The Lie algebra obtained in this way is solvable. In particular, when F is nilpotent, the Lie algebra is actually nilpotent. We show that these solvable algebras are the basic bricks of the construction of all other Lie algebras. Using relations between the Lie algebra, the Lie–Poisson structure and the Nambu bracket, we show that the algebra invariants (Casimir functions) are solutions of an equation which has an interesting geometric significance. Several examples illustrate the importance of these constructions.
Starting from the tri-Hamiltonian formulation of the Lagrange top in a six-dimensional phase space, we discuss the possible reductions of the Poisson tensors, the vector field and its Hamiltonian functions … Starting from the tri-Hamiltonian formulation of the Lagrange top in a six-dimensional phase space, we discuss the possible reductions of the Poisson tensors, the vector field and its Hamiltonian functions on a four-dimensional space. We show that the vector field of the Lagrange top possesses, on the reduced phase space, a quasi-bi-Hamiltonian formulation, which provides a set of separation variables for the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
Varietes de Poisson et applications. Decomposition. Structures de Poisson lineaires. Approximation lineaire. Systemes hamiltoniens. Le probleme de linearisation. Groupes de fonction, realisations et applications impulsion. Paires duales et groupes de … Varietes de Poisson et applications. Decomposition. Structures de Poisson lineaires. Approximation lineaire. Systemes hamiltoniens. Le probleme de linearisation. Groupes de fonction, realisations et applications impulsion. Paires duales et groupes de jauge. Existence des realisations. Unicite des realisations. Les problemes des 3 corps restreints et autres exemples
Classical mechanics is a limiting case of relativistic mechanics. Hence the group of the former, the Galilei group, must be in some sense a limiting case of the relativistic mechanics’ … Classical mechanics is a limiting case of relativistic mechanics. Hence the group of the former, the Galilei group, must be in some sense a limiting case of the relativistic mechanics’ group, the representations of the former must be limiting cases of the latter’s representations. There are other examples for similar relations between groups. Thus, the inhomogeneous Lorentz group must be, in the same sense, a limiting case of the de Sitter groups. The purpose of the present note is to investigate, in some generality, in which sense groups can be limiting cases of other groups (Section I), and how their representations can be obtained from the representations of the groups of which they appear as limits (Section II). Section III deals briefly with the transition from inhomogeneous Lorentz group to Galilei group. It shows in which way the representation up to a factor of the Galilei group, embodied in the Schrodinger equation, appears as a limit of a representation of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group and also gives the reason why no physical interpretation is possible for the real representations of that group.
1. Preliminaries.- 1.1 A Simple Example: Motion in a Potential Field.- 1.2 Poisson Structure and Hamiltonian Systems.- 1.3 Symplectic Manifolds.- 1.4 Homogeneous Symplectic Spaces.- 1.5 The Moment Map.- 1.6 Hamiltonian … 1. Preliminaries.- 1.1 A Simple Example: Motion in a Potential Field.- 1.2 Poisson Structure and Hamiltonian Systems.- 1.3 Symplectic Manifolds.- 1.4 Homogeneous Symplectic Spaces.- 1.5 The Moment Map.- 1.6 Hamiltonian Systems with Symmetry.- 1.7 Reduction of Hamiltonian Systems with Symmetry.- 1.8 Integrable Hamiltonian Systems.- 1.9 The Projection Method.- 1.10 The Isospectral Deformation Method.- 1.11 Hamiltonian Systems on Coadjoint Orbits of Lie Groups.- 1.12 Constructions of Hamiltonian Systems with Large Families of Integrals of Motion.- 1.13 Completeness of Involutive Systems.- 1.14 Hamiltonian Systems and Algebraic Curves.- 2. Simplest Systems.- 2.1 Systems with One Degree of Freedom.- 2.2 Systems with Two Degrees of Freedom.- 2.3 Separation of Variables.- 2.4 Systems with Quadratic Integrals of Motion.- 2.5 Motion in a Central Field.- 2.6 Systems with Closed Trajectories.- 2.7 The Harmonic Oscillator.- 2.8 The Kepler Problem.- 2.9 Motion in Coupled Newtonian and Homogeneous Fields.- 2.10 Motion in the Field of Two Newtonian Centers.- 3. Many-Body Systems.- 3.1 Lax Representation for Many-Body Systems.- 3.2 Completely Integrable Many-Body Systems.- 3.3 Explicit Integration of the Equations of Motion for Systems of Type I and V via the Projection Method.- 3.4 Relationship Between the Solutions of the Equations of Motion for Systems of Type I and V.- 3.5 Explicit Integration of the Equations of Motion for Systems of Type II and III.- 3.6 Integration of the Equations of Motion for Systems with Two Types of Particles.- 3.7 Many-Body Systems as Reduced Systems.- 3.8 Generalizations of Many-Body Systems of Type I-III to the Case of the Root Systems of Simple Lie Algebras.- 3.9 Complete Integrability of the Systems of Section 3.8.- 3.10 Anisotropic Harmonic Oscillator in the Field of a Quartic Central Potential (the Garnier System).- 3.11 A Family of Integrable Quartic Potentials Related to Symmetric Spaces.- 4. The Toda Lattice.- 4.1 The Ordinary Toda Lattice. Lax Representation. Complete Integrability.- 4.2 The Toda Lattice as a Dynamical System on a Coadjoint Orbit of the Group of Triangular Matrices.- 4.3 Explicit Integration of the Equations of Motion for the Ordinary Nonperiodic Toda Lattice.- 4.4 The Toda Lattice as a Reduced System.- 4.5 Generalized Nonperiodic Toda Lattices Related to Simple Lie Algebras.- 4.6 Toda-like Systems on Coadjoint Orbits of Borel Subgroups.- 4.7 Canonical Coordinates for Systems of Toda Type.- 4.8 Integrability of Toda-like Systems on Generic Orbits.- 5. Miscellanea.- 5.1 Equilibrium Configurations and Small Oscillations of Some Integrable Hamiltonian Systems.- 5.2 Motion of the Poles of Solutions of Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Related Many-Body Problems.- 5.3 Motion of the Zeros of Solutions of Linear Evolution Equations and Related Many-Body Problems.- 5.4 Concluding Remarks.- Appendix A.- Examples of Symplectic Non-Kahlerian Manifolds.- Appendix B.- Solution of the Functional Equation (3.1.9).- Appendix C.- Semisimple Lie Algebras and Root Systems.- Appendix D.- Symmetric Spaces.- References.
A geometric programme to analyse the structure of Lie algebras is presented with special emphasis on the geometry of linear Poisson tensors. The notion of decomposable Poisson tensors is introduced … A geometric programme to analyse the structure of Lie algebras is presented with special emphasis on the geometry of linear Poisson tensors. The notion of decomposable Poisson tensors is introduced and an algorithm to construct all solvable Lie algebras is presented. Poisson-Liouville structures are also introduced to discuss a new class of Lie algebras which include, as a subclass, semi-simple Lie algebras. A decomposition theorem for Poisson tensors is proved for a class of Poisson manifolds including linear ones. Simple Lie algebras are also discussed from this viewpoint and lower-dimensional real Lie algebras are analysed.
The problem of Lie algebras’ classification, in their different varieties, has been dealt with by theory researchers since the early 20th century. This problem has an intrinsically infinite nature since … The problem of Lie algebras’ classification, in their different varieties, has been dealt with by theory researchers since the early 20th century. This problem has an intrinsically infinite nature since it can be inferred from the results obtained that there are features specific to each field and dimension. Despite the hundreds of attempts published, there are currently fields and dimensions in which only partial classifications of some families of algebras of low dimensions have been obtained. This article intends to bring some order to the achievements of this prolific line of research so far, in order to facilitate future research.